2 Samuel 8:17 — Word Study
WLCוְצָד֧וֹק בֶּן־ אֲחִיט֛וּב וַאֲחִימֶ֥לֶךְ בֶּן־ אֶבְיָתָ֖ר כֹּהֲנִ֑ים וּשְׂרָיָ֖ה סוֹפֵֽר׃
BSAZadokTsâdôwq [a righteous priest] sonbên of AhitubʼĂchîyṭûwb [my brother is good] and AhimelechʼĂchîymelek [my king is brother] sonbên of AbiatharʼEbyâthâr [my father is abundant] were priestskôhên [spiritual leaders, mediators] SeraiahSᵉrâyâh [Jehovah is ruler] was the scribeçâphar [secretary, recorder of God's words]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְצָד֧וֹק | and Zadok | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| בֶּן־ | [the] son of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אֲחִיט֛וּב | Ahitub | Noun proper masculine |
| וַאֲחִימֶ֥לֶךְ | and Ahimelech | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| בֶּן־ | [the] son of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אֶבְיָתָ֖ר | Abiathar | Noun proper masculine |
| כֹּהֲנִ֑ים | [were] priests | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| וּשְׂרָיָ֖ה | and Seraiah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| סוֹפֵֽר׃ | [was] secretary | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Seraiah was the scribe; |
| KJV | And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Seraiah was the scribe; |
| ASV | and Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were priests; and Seraiah was scribe; |
| YLT | and Zadok son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech son of Abiathar, [are] priests, and Seraiah [is] scribe, |
| WEB | Zadok the son of Ahitub and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar were priests, Seraiah was scribe, |
| BBE | And Zadok and Abiathar, the son of Ahimelech, the son of Ahitub, were priests; and Seraiah was the scribe; |
The translations agree on the roles of Zadok and Ahimelech as priests and Seraiah as the scribe.
The sentence is structured with a main clause followed by two subjects and their predicates, clearly identifying the roles of each individual.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectשְׂרָיָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 2 Samuel 8:17
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Leaders in David's Administrationgenerated
2 Samuel 8:17 identifies key figures in King David's reign, highlighting their roles as spiritual leaders and administrators. Zadok and Ahimelech served as priests, while Seraiah was responsible for recording important events. This verse emphasizes the structure of leadership in Israel during a pivotal time in its history, reflecting the importance of spiritual guidance and proper record-keeping.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Chronicles 6:8–53 | Ahitub was the father of Zadok, Zadok was the father of Ahimaaz, |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 24:3–4 | With the help of Eleazar’s descendant Zadok and Ithamar’s descendant Ahimelech, David divided them according to the offices of their service. |
| 3 | 1 Chronicles 18:16 | Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Shavsha was the scribe; |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — צָדוֹק, ve.tza.Dokgenerated
The name צָדוֹק (Tza.Dok) means 'righteous' and refers to a high priest who supported King David and anointed Solomon. His role was crucial in maintaining the religious integrity of Israel during David's reign.
Zadok's name is associated with righteousness, indicating his moral and spiritual standing within the community. This aligns with his significant contributions to Israel's religious practices and governance.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb is implied in the phrase כֹּהֲנִ֑ים, [were] priests, which governs the subject and the predicate. The structure lists the names and roles of the individuals, emphasizing their importance in the administration.
The order of the names highlights Zadok and Ahimelech first, indicating their primary roles as priests, followed by Seraiah, who serves a different function as scribe.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint uses σαδδουκ for צָדוֹק, maintaining the name's significance and connection to righteousness. This choice reflects the translators' intent to preserve the identity and role of Zadok as a key priest.
The Greek term for scribe is γραμματεύς, aligning with the Hebrew meaning and highlighting the importance of record-keeping in the administration.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
2 Samuel 8:17 lists Zadok and Ahimelech as priests and Seraiah as the scribe. Zadok was known for his righteousness, while Ahimelech was a friend of David. Seraiah's role as scribe was crucial for recording events in Israel's history.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Zadok was a high priest who supported King David and anointed Solomon as king, playing a significant role in Israel's religious life.
Ahimelech means 'my brother is king' and was a priest who aided David during his flight from Saul.
Seraiah served as a scribe, responsible for recording important events and decisions in King David's administration.
These leaders were instrumental in maintaining the spiritual and administrative order in Israel during David's reign.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What qualities do you think made Zadok a righteous priest?
- How can the role of a scribe be compared to modern-day record-keeping?
- What lessons can we learn from the leadership structure during David's reign?
- In what ways can we apply the principles of spiritual leadership seen in this verse to our own lives?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 2 Samuel 8:17 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, [were] the priests,.... Not high priests, as Josephus (i) suggests, for there was only one high priest at a time; indeed there was a
Read John Gill on 2 Samuel 8 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Seraiah was the scribe; Zadok ... and ... Ahimelech the son of Aniathar were the priests. There is a confusion in the text here (cf.
Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Samuel 8 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe son of Ahitub; not of that Ahitub, 1 Samuel 22; for that was of Ithamar’ s race, but this of Eleazar. Ahimelech the son of Abiathar; so Abiathar called his son by the name of his father, . The priests, i. e. the chief priest next under Abiathar, who fled to David, , and now was high priest, as may be gathered from ,35: under him these two were the next chief priests, or the second priests, each one being chief of the house of his father, Zadok of Eleazar, and Ahimelech of Ithamar. See ,4. Or these two are here mentioned, because they constantly attended upon the king, that he might consult with them in the matters of the Lord, as need required.
Read Matthew Poole on 2 Samuel 8 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments2 Samuel 8:17 And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, [were] the priests; and Seraiah [was] the scribe;Ver. 17. Were the priests.] Ahimelech, alias Abiathar, being the only high priest: till he was thrust out by Solomon for siding with Adonijah; and Zadek set in his room.
Read John Trapp on 2 Samuel 8 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(17) Ahimelech, the son of Abiathar.—So Ahimelech is also described in 1 Chronicles 18:16; 1 Chronicles 24:6; on the other hand, Abiathar is expressly said to be the son of Ahimelech in the narrative in 1 Samuel 22:20-23. This difficulty is increased by the further notices of the men bearing these names. Ahimelech was certainly the high priest who gave the shew-bread to David, and was slain in consequence by Saul (1 Samuel 21, 22), and Abiathar, who fled to David, and afterwards became high priest, and was finally put out of the high-priesthood by Solomon (1 Kings 1, 2) was certainly his son; but, on the other hand, in 1 Chronicles 24:3; 1 Chronicles 24:6; 1 Chronicles 24:31 Ahimelech. is…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Samuel 8 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 17. Seraiah - the scribe] Most likely the king's private secretary. See 1 Chronicles 24:3 (note).
Read AdamClarke on 2 Samuel 8 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges17. Zadok the son of Ahitub] Zadok was of the house of Eleazar (1 Chronicles 6:4-8). He joined David at Hebron after Saul’s death (1 Chronicles 12:28), and remained faithful to him throughout his reign. In Absalom’s rebellion he left Jerusalem along with David, and only returned at his command (2 Samuel 15:24-29; 2 Samuel 17:15). Through him David communicated with the elders of Judah concerning his return (ch. 2 Samuel 19:11). Finally, when Abiathar joined the rebellion of Adonijah, Zadok remained faithful to David, took part in the anointing of Solomon, and was made sole high-priest (1 Kings 1:8; 1 Kings 1:44; 1 Kings 2:35), which office he held during some part of Solomon’s reign (1…
Read Cambridge on 2 Samuel 8 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible17. Zadok… and Ahimelech… priests — The one officiating at Gibeon, the other at the new tabernacle in Jerusalem. See on 2 Samuel 6:17.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 2 Samuel 8 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Seraiah was the scribe;
Zadok the son of Ahitub and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar were priests, Seraiah was scribe,
Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Seraiah was the scribe;
Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests; Seraiah was scribe;
Tyndale line
And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Seraiah was the scribe;
and Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were priests; and Seraiah was scribe;
and Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were priests; and Seraiah was scribe;
And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests: and Seraiah was the scribe;
And Zadok the sonne of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the sonne of Abiathar were the Priestes, and Seraiah the Scribe.
Strictly literal
and Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Seraiah was scribe;
and Zadok son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech son of Abiathar, [are] priests, and Seraiah [is] scribe,
and Zadok son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech son of Abiathar, [are] priests, and Seraiah [is] scribe,
And Zadok the son of Achitub, and Achimelech the son of Ebyathar, were priests; and Serayah was scribe;
Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were priests, and Seraiah was scribe.
From the Latin
And Sadoc the son of Achitob, and Achimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests: and Saraias was the scribe:
Simplified
Zadok, son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech, son of Abiathar, were priests, while Seraiah was the secretary.
And Zadok and Abiathar, the son of Ahimelech, the son of Ahitub, were priests; and Seraiah was the scribe;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in their wording for this verse, with all key terms matching. This consistency indicates a strong preservation of the text across these traditions.
וְצָד֧וֹק בֶּן־ אֲחִיט֛וּב וַאֲחִימֶ֥לֶךְ בֶּן־ אֶבְיָתָ֖ר כֹּהֲנִ֑ים וּשְׂרָיָ֖ה סוֹפֵֽר׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 2 Samuel 8:17
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word צָדוֹק (Tsadowq) means 'righteous' and refers primarily to the name Zadok, associated with several notable figures in the Old Testament. This includes a high priest during King David's reign, who supported him and anointed Solomon. The entries detail various individuals named Zadok, including priests and wall-builders during the time of Nehemiah.
צָדוֹק, and צָדֹק 54 n.pr.m. (just, righteous)
48 priests
father-in-law of Uzziah
two wall-builders
base
H6659 צָדוֹק, צָדֹק
6659 Tsadowq tsaw-doke'
from 6663; just; Tsadok, the name of eight or nine
Israelites:--Zadok.
see HEBREW for 06663
צָדוֹק (tsa.doq) — Zadok.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.8.17;
son of: Ahitub (H0285H);
father of: Ahimaaz (H0290H)
§ Zadok = "righteous"
1) the high priest, son of Ahitub of the house of Eleazar the son of Aaron, and 11th in descent from Aaron; joined David after Saul's death and supported him against Absalom and Adonijah; anointed Solomon as king
2) a priest, son of Meraioth, father of Meshullam of the house of Ahitub; apparently a nephew of 1
3) father of Jerusha, the wife of king Uzziah and mother of king Jotham of Judah
4) son of Baana and repairer of the wall of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah
5) son of Immer and repairer of the wall of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah
6) a leader of the people in the time of Nehemiah
7) a scribe appointed by Nehemiah as one of the treasurers over the storehouse
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
za'-dok (tsadowq, once tsadhoq (1Ki 1:26), similar to tsaddiq, and tsadduq, post-Biblical, meaning justus, "righteous"; Septuagint Sadok): Cheyne in Encyclopedia Biblica suggests that Zadok was a modification of a Gentilic name, that of the Zidkites the Negeb, who probably derived their appellation from the root ts-d-q, a secondary title of the god they worshipped. At the same time Cheyne admits that cultivated Israelites may have interpreted Zadok as meaning "just," "righteous"--a much more credible supposition.
(1) Zadok the son of Ahitub (2Sa 8:17)--not of Ahitub the ancestor of Ahimelech (1Sa 14:3) and of Abiathar, his son (1Sa 22:20).
Zadok
Righteous. (1.) A son of Ahitub, of the line of Eleazer (2 Sam. 8:17; 1 Chr. 24:3), high priest in the time of David (2 Sam. 20:25) and Solomon (1 Kings 4:4). He is first mentioned as coming to take part with David at Hebron (1 Chr. 12:27, 28). He was probably on this account made ruler over the Aaronites (27:17). Zadok and Abiathar acted as high priests on several important occasions (1 Chr. 15:11; 2 Sam. 15:24-29, 35, 36); but when Adonijah endeavoured to secure the throne, Abiathar went with him, and…
(just). Son of Ahitub and one of the two chief priests in the time of David, Abiathar being the other. Zadok was of the house of Eleazar the son of Aaron, (1 Chronicles 24:3) and eleventh in descent from Aaron. (1 Chronicles 12:28) He joined David at Hebron after Saul’s death, (1 Chronicles 12:28) and thenceforth his fidelity to David was inviolable. When Absalom revolted and David fled from Jerusalem, Zadok and all the Levites bearing the ark accompanied him. When Absalom was dead, Zadok and Abiathar were the persons who persuaded the elders of Judah to invite David to return. (2 Samuel 19:11) When Adonijah, in David’s old age, set up for king, and had persuaded Joab…
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֲחִיטוּב (Achiytuwb) means 'my brother is goodness.' It refers to several priests in the Old Testament, including a grandson of Eli and the father of Zadok. The name is derived from the roots for 'brother' and 'goodness.' It is first mentioned in 1 Samuel 14:3 and appears in various contexts throughout the history of the Israelite priesthood.
אֲחִיטוּב n.pr.m. (my brother is goodness)
grandson of Eli; father of Ahimelech
father of Zadok
base
H285 אֲחִיטוּב
285 'Achiytuwb akh-ee-toob'
from 251 and 2898; brother of goodness; Achitub, the name of
several priests:--Ahitub.
see HEBREW for 0251
see HEBREW for 02898
אֲחִיטוּב (a.chi.tuv) — Ahitub.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.14.3;
son of: Phinehas (H6372H);
brother of: Ichabod (H0350);
father of: Ahimelech (H0288)
§ Ahitub = "my brother is good (goodness)"
1) a grandson of Eli
2) the father of Zadok the priest
אֲחִיטוּב (a.chi.tuv) — Ahitub.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.8.17;
son of: Amariah (H0568);
father of: Zadok (H6659)
§ Ahitub = "my brother is good (goodness)"
1) a grandson of Eli
2) the father of Zadok the priest
אֲחִיטוּב (a.chi.tuv) — Ahitub.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.6.11;
son of: Amariah (H0568H);
father of: Zadok (H6659I)
§ Ahitub = "my brother is good (goodness)"
1) a grandson of Eli
2) the father of Zadok the priest
אֲחִיטוּב (a.chi.tuv) — Ahitub.
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
a-hi'-tub ('achiTubh, "brother of goodness," i.e. "good brother," or, "my brother is goodness"):
(1) The brother of Ichabod and son of Phinehas the son of Eli (1Sa 14:3; 22:9,11,12,20), According to 1Ch 24 he and his line were descended from Aaron through Ithamar. The record implies that he was born while his father and grandfather were priests at Shiloh, and it says that he was the father and grandfather of priests; but it is silent as to his own exercise of the priestly office. We have no information concerning the office from the time when the Philistines captured the ark till Saul became king. See AHIJAH; AHIMELECH; ABIATHAR.
(2) A descendant of Aaron through Eleazar: by this fact distinguished from Ahitub, the descendant of Ithamar, though nearly contemporaneous with him. Especially known as the father of Zadok who, at Solomon's…
Ahitub
Brother of goodness = good. (1.) The son of Phinehas. On the death of his grandfather Eli he succeeded to the office of high priest, and was himself succeeded by his son Ahijah (1 Sam. 14:3; 22:9, 11, 12, 20).
(2.) The father of Zadok, who was made high priest by Saul after the extermination of the family of Ahimelech (1 Chr. 6:7, 8; 2 Sam. 8:17).
(brother of goodness). The son of Phinehas and grandson of Eli, and therefore of the family of Ithamar. (1 Samuel 14:3; 22:9,11) (B.C. 1125.) He was succeeded by his son Ahijah (AHIMELECH). (B.C. 1085.) Son of Amariah, and father of Zadok the high priest, (1 Chronicles 6:7,8; 2 Samuel 8:17) of the house of Eleazar. (B.C. before 1045.)
אֲחִימֶ֫לֶךְ (Achiymelek) means 'brother of the king' and refers to two figures: a priest during Saul's reign, who was killed by Doeg, and a Hittite warrior under David. The name appears in the context of the United Monarchy, with notable mentions in 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel.
אֲחִימֶ֫לֶךְ n.pr.m. (brother of Melek)
priest in Saul’s (Dvd’s) time
a Hittite
base
H288 אֲחִימֶ֫לֶךְ
288 'Achiymelek akh-ee-meh'-lek
from 251 and 4428; brother of (the) king; Achimelek, the name
of an Israelite and of a Hittite:--Ahimelech.
see HEBREW for 0251
see HEBREW for 04428
אֲחִימֶ֫לֶךְ (a.chi.me.lekh) — Ahimelech.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.14.3;
son of: Ahitub (H0285);
father of: Abiathar (H0054); also called Ahijah (KJV: Ahiah) at 1Sa.14.3,18;
Also named: a.chiy.yah (אֲחִיָּ֫הוּ "Ahijah" H0281O)
§ Ahimelech = "my brother is king" or "brother of Melek"
1) a priest murdered by Doeg at Saul's command, for supposedly assisting David
2) a Hittite warrior under David
אֲחִימֶ֫לֶךְ (a.chi.me.lekh) — Ahimelech.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Sa.26.6
§ Ahimelech = "my brother is king" or "brother of Melek"
1) a priest murdered by Doeg at Saul's command, for supposedly assisting David
2) a Hittite warrior under David
אֲחִימֶ֫לֶךְ (a.chi.me.lekh) — Ahimelech.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.8.17;
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
a-him'-e-lek ('achimelekh, "brother of a king," or, "my brother is king," or, "king is brother"):
(1) The father of David's high priest Abiathar: son of Ahitub, the son of Phinehas, the son of Eli (1Sa 21:1,2,8; 22:9-20; 23:6; 30:7). Ahijah the son of Ahitub (1Sa 14:3,18) was either the same person under another name, or was Ahimelech's father or brother. See AHIJAH, 3. Ahimelech is an interesting person, especially because he stands for whatever information we have concerning the priestly office in Israel during the period between Eli and David. Whether the Deuteronomic law for a central sanctuary originated with Moses or not, its provisions were very imperfectly carried out during the times of the Judges. This was particularly the case after the capture of the ark by the…
Ahimelech
Brother of the king, the son of Ahitub and father of Abiathar (1 Sam. 22:20-23). He descended from Eli in the line of Ithamar. In 1 Chr. 18:16 he is called Abimelech, and is probably the same as Ahiah (1 Sam. 14:3, 18). He was the twelfth high priest, and officiated at Nob, where he was visited by David (to whom and his companions he gave five loaves of the showbread) when he fled from Saul (1 Sam. 21:1-9). He was summoned into Saul’s presence, and accused, on the information of Doeg the Edomite, of disloyalty because of his kindness to David; whereupon the king commanded that he, with the other priests who stood beside him (86 in all), should be put to death.…
(brother of the king). Son of Ahitub, (1 Samuel 22:11,12) and high priest of Nob in the days of Saul. He gave David the shew bread to eat, and the sword of Goliath; and for so doing was put to death, with his whole house, by Saul’s order. Abiathar alone escaped. [ABIATHAR] (B.C. 1085-1060.) A Hittite. (1 Samuel 26:6)
1. Son of Ahitub, and brother of Ahiah, whom he succeeded in the high priesthood. Some think, however, that both names belong to the same person. During his priesthood the tabernacle was at Nob, where Ahimelech dwelt, with many priests. Here he received David when fleeing from Saul, and gave him the showbread and Goliath’s sword. This act, as reported by Doeg the Edomite, Saul viewed as treasonous; and by the hand of this idolatrous and malignant foreigner, he put Ahimelech and eighty-five other priests of Jehovah to death, 1Sa 22:1-23—a crime sufficient of itself to forfeit the throne and the favor of God.
2. Also called Abimelech, 1Ch 18:16, probably the same as Abiathar, which see, 1Ch 24:3,6,31.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֶבְיָתָר (Ebyathar) refers to a biblical figure, specifically a priest and the son of Ahimelech. The name suggests a meaning related to abundance or greatness, and he is noted for his loyalty to David before later rebelling with Adonijah. He is first mentioned in 1 Samuel 22:20.
אֶבְיָתָר n.pr.m. (the Great One is father (?)) a priest, son of Ahimelech
base
H54 אֶבְיָתָר
54 'Ebyathar ab-yaw-thawr'
contracted from 1 and 3498; father of abundance (i.e.
liberal); Ebjathar, an Israelite:--Abiathar.
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 03498
אֶבְיָתָר (ev.ya.tar) — Abiathar.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.22.20;
son of: Ahimelech (H0288);
father of: Ahimelech (H0288I), Jonathan (H3083I)
Also named: Abiathar (Ἀβιαθάρ "Abiathar" G0008)
§ Abiathar = "my father is great"
priest, son of Ahitub (Ahimelech), faithful to David, but later rebelled with Adonijah
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
a-bi'-a-thar, ab-i-a'-thar ('ebhyathar, "father of super-excellence," or, "the super-excellent one is father." With changed phraseology these are the explanations commonly given, though "a father remains" would be more in accord with the ordinary use of the stem yathar. The pious Abiathar was still conscious that he had a Father, even after the butchery of his human relatives):
1. The Biblical Account:
The Scriptures represent that Abiathar was descended from Phinehas the son of Eli, and through him from Ithamar the son of Aaron; that he was the son of Ahimelech the head priest at Nob who, with his associates, was put to death by King Saul for alleged conspiracy with David; that he had two sons, Ahimelech and Jonathan, the former of whom was, in Abiathar's lifetime, prominent in the priestly service (1Sa 21:1-9; 22:7 ff;
Abiathar
Father of abundance, or my father excels, the son of Ahimelech the high priest. He was the tenth high priest, and the fourth in descent from Eli. When his father was slain with the priests of Nob, he escaped, and bearing with him the ephod, he joined David, who was then in the cave of Adullam (1 Sam. 22:20-23; 23:6). He remained with David, and became priest of the party of which he was the leader (1 Sam. 30:7). When David ascended the throne of Judah, Abiathar was appointed high priest (1 Chr. 15:11; 1 Kings 2:26) and the “king’s companion” (1 Chr. 27:34). Meanwhile Zadok, of the house of Eleazar, had been…
(father of abundance , i.e. liberal), High priest and fourth in descent from Eli. (B.C. 1060-1012.) Abiathar was the only one of the all the sons of Ahimelech the high priest who escaped the slaughter inflicted upon his father’s house by Saul, in revenge for his father’s house by Saul, in revenge of his having inquired of the Lord for David and given him the shew-bread to eat. (1 Samuel 22:1) ... Abiathar having become high priest fled to David, and was thus enabled to inquire of the Lord for him. (1 Samuel 23:9; 30:7; 2 Samuel 2:1; 5:19) etc. He adhered to David in his wanderings while pursued by Saul; he was with him while he reigned in Hebron, and afterwards in Jerusalem. (
Son of Ahimelech, and tenth high priest of the Jews. When Saul sent his emissaries to Nob, to destroy all the priests there, Abiathar, who was young, fled to David in the wilderness, 1Sa 22:11-23, with whom he continued in the character of priest, 1Sa 23:9 30:7. Being confirmed in the high priesthood on David’s accession to the throne, he aided in bringing up the ark to Jerusalem, 1Co 15:11,12, and adhered to David during the rebellion of Absalom, 2Sa 15:35, but afterwards was led to follow Adonijah, thus strangely betraying his royal friend in his old age. Solomon succeeding to the throne, degraded him from the priesthood, and sent him to Anathoth,
כֹּהֵן (kohen) means 'priest' and is derived from the active participle of a related root. It encompasses various types of priests, including Levitical, Aaronic, and even pagan priests, as well as chief rulers or principal officers. The term is used in contexts referring to both Jewish and non-Jewish priestly roles.
כֹּהֵן 750 n.m. priest
base
H3548 כֹּהֵן priest
3548 kohen ko-hane'
active participle of 3547; literally, one officiating, a
priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a
layman):--chief ruler, X own, priest, prince, principal
officer.
see HEBREW for 03547
כֹּהֵן (ko.hen) — priest.
1) priest, principal officer or chief ruler
1a) priest-king (Melchizedek, Messiah)
1b) pagan priests
1c) priests of Jehovah
1d) Levitical priests
1e) Zadokite priests
1f) Aaronic priests
1g) the high priest
Aramaic equivalent: ka.hen (כָּהֵן "priest" H3549)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
שְׂרָיָה (Srayah) refers to a name meaning 'Jah has prevailed.' It is associated with several individuals in the Old Testament, including a secretary of David and a chief priest during the Babylonian exile. The entries highlight various Seraiahs, including a Levite and a Simeonite, indicating a broad usage of the name across different contexts.
שְׂרָיָה(וּ) n.pr.m. (י׳ persisteth)
secretary of David
chief priest
a captain
son of Kenaz
name in Simeon
Levite name
companion of Zerub.
father of Ezra
one sealed
priest
officer of king Jehoiakim
base
H8304 שְׂרָיָה(וּ), שְׂרָיָה, שְׂרָיָהוּ
8304 Srayah ser-aw-yaw'
or Srayahuw {ser-aw-yaw'-hoo}; from 8280 and 3050; Jah has
prevailed; Serajah, the name of nine Israelites:--Seraiah.
see HEBREW for 08280
see HEBREW for 03050
שְׂרָיָהוּ (se.ra.yah) — Seraiah.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.8.17;
father of: Elihoreph (H0456) and Ahijah (H0281); also called Shavsha at 1Ch.18.16; Sheva(Ketiv: Sheya) at 2Sa.20.25; Shisha at 1Ki.4.3;
§ Seraiah = "Jehovah is ruler"
1) the scribe or secretary of David
2) son of Azariah, father of Jehozadak, and the chief priest in the reign of king Zedekiah of Judah and at the time of the capture of Jerusalem
3) son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite and one of the men who went to Gedaliah, the governor over Judah appointed by Nebuchadnezzar, and gave their oath to serve the king of Babylon
4) a Judaite, son of Kenaz, brother of Othniel, and father of Joab
5) a Simeonite, father of Josibiah and grandfather of Jehu
6) a people of the province who returned from exile with Zerubbabel
6a) maybe the same as 10
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
se-ra'-ya, se-ri'-a (serayahu, "Yah hath prevailed"; Septuagint Saraias, or Saraia):
(1) Secretary of David (2Sa 8:17); in 2Sa 20:25 he is called Sheva; in 1Ki 4:3 the name appears as Shisha. This last or Shasha would be restored elsewhere by some critics; others prefer the form Shavsha, which is found in 1Ch 18:16.
(2) A high priest in the reign of Zedekiah; executed with other prominent captives at Riblah by order of Nebuchadnezzar (2Ki 25:18,21; Jer 52:24,27). Mentioned in the list of high priests (1Ch 6:14).…
Seraiah
Soldier of Jehovah. (1.) The father of Joab (1 Chr. 4:13, 14).
(2.) The grandfather of Jehu (1 Chr. 4:35).
(3.) One of David’s scribes or secretaries (2 Sam. 8:17).
(4.) A Netophathite (Jer. 40:8), a chief priest of the time of Zedekiah. He was carried captive by Nebuchadnezzar to Babylon, and there put to death (2 Kings 25:18, 23).
The king’s scribe or secretary in the reign of David. (2 Samuel 8:17) (B.C. 1043.) The high priest in the reign of Zedekiah. (2 Kings 25:18; 1 Chronicles 6:14; Jeremiah 52:24) (B.C. 594.) The son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite. (2 Kings 25:23; Jeremiah 40:8) The son of Kenaz and brother of Othniel. (1 Chronicles 4:13,14) Ancestor of Jehu a Simeonite chieftain. (1 Chronicles 4:35) One of the children of the province who returned with Zerubbabel. (
סָפַר (safar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to count or recount, with various forms indicating actions like declaring or rehearsing. The noun form סֹפֵר (sofer) refers to a scribe or secretary. The entries highlight its use in contexts of enumeration and record-keeping, but do not present significant disagreement among lexicons.
סָפַר 107 vb. count, Pi. recount, relate
Qal 27
count things, to learn their number
number = take account of, carefully observe and consider, reckon
Niph. be counted, numbered
Pi. 67 recount, rehearse, declare
Pu. be recounted, related, rehearsed
base
סֹפֵר, סוֹפֵר n.m. enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
base
H5608a סָפַר count, Pi. recount, relate .. count things, to learn their number
. number = take account of, carefully observe and consider, reckon
. be counted, numbered
. recount, rehearse, declare
. be recounted, related, rehearsed
H5608b סֹפֵר, סוֹפֵר enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
5608 caphar saw-far'
a primitive root; properly, to score with a mark as a tally
or record, i.e. (by implication) to inscribe, and also to
enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e. celebrate:--commune,
(ac-)count; declare, number, + penknife, reckon, scribe, shew
forth, speak, talk, tell (out), writer.
סָפַר (sa.phar) — to recount.
v
1) to count, recount, relate
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to count (things)
1a2) to number, take account of, reckon
1b) (Niphal) to be counted, be numbered
1c) (Piel) to recount, rehearse, declare
1c1) to recount (something), rehearse
1c2) to talk
1c3) to count exactly or accurately
1d) (Pual) to be recounted, be rehearsed, be related
סֹפֵר (so.pher) — secretary.
1) enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
1a) enumerator, muster-officer, secretary
1b) learned man, scribe
Aramaic equivalent: sa.pher (סָפִר "scribe" H5613)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa