1 Kings 4:3 — Word Study
WLCאֱלִיחֹ֧רֶף וַאֲחִיָּ֛ה בְּנֵ֥י שִׁישָׁ֖א סֹפְרִ֑ים יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־ אֲחִיל֖וּד הַמַּזְכִּֽיר׃
BSAElihorephʼĔlîychôreph△ [God of winter] and AhijahʼĂchîyâh [brother of Jehovah] the sonsbên [descendants] of ShishaShîyshâʼ△ [were] secretariesçâphar [scribes, recorders] JehoshaphatYᵉhôwshâphâṭ [Jehovah has judged] sonbên of AhiludʼĂchîylûwd [was] the recorderzâkar [one who remembers, remembrancer]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אֱלִיחֹ֧רֶף | Elihoreph | Noun proper masculine |
| וַאֲחִיָּ֛ה | and Ahijah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| בְּנֵ֥י | [the] sons of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| שִׁישָׁ֖א | Shisha | Noun proper masculine |
| סֹפְרִ֑ים | [were] scribes | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט | Jehoshaphat | Noun proper masculine |
| בֶּן־ | [the] son of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אֲחִיל֖וּד | Ahilud | Noun proper masculine |
| הַמַּזְכִּֽיר׃ | [was] the recorder | Particle, verb hiphil participle (active) masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Elihoreph and Ahijah, the sons of Shisha, were secretaries; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder; |
| KJV | Elihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder. |
| ASV | Elihoreph and Ahijah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder; |
| YLT | Elihoreph and Ahiah sons of Shisha [are] scribes; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud [is] remembrancer; |
| WEB | Elihoreph and Ahijah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder; |
| BBE | Elihoreph and Ahijah, the sons of Shisha, were scribes; Jehoshaphat, the son of Ahilud, was the recorder; |
Where they part company is in the rendering of the roles of the scribes — see How Translations Differ.
The structure is straightforward, presenting the officials and their roles in a clear manner.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 9 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Kings 4:3
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Officials of Solomon's Courtgenerated
1 Kings 4:3 describes the roles of Elihoreph and Ahijah, who were secretaries under King Solomon, and Jehoshaphat, the recorder. This context highlights the organization of Solomon's administration, emphasizing the importance of these officials in maintaining records and managing affairs in the kingdom. The passage illustrates the structure of leadership during Solomon's reign and the significance of these positions in governance.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Samuel 20:25 | Sheva was the scribe; Zadok and Abiathar were priests; |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 18:6 | Then he placed garrisons in Aram of Damascus, and the Arameans became subject to David and brought him tribute. So the LORD made David victorious wherever he went. |
| 3 | 2 Samuel 8:16 | Joab son of Zeruiah was over the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder; |
| 4 | 2 Samuel 20:24 | Adoram was in charge of the forced labor; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder; |
| 5 | 1 Chronicles 18:15 | Joab son of Zeruiah was over the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder; |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אֱלִיחֹרֶף, 'e.li.Cho.refgenerated
The name אֱלִיחֹרֶף (Elihoreph) is a proper noun referring to a scribe in Solomon's court. The name is derived from roots meaning 'God' and 'to winter,' suggesting a connection to seasonal imagery.
As a scribe, Elihoreph's role was crucial in documenting the affairs of the kingdom. His mention alongside Ahijah indicates their importance in the administration, as they were responsible for keeping records and managing written communications.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the term secretaries for the role of the scribes, aligning with the KJV and ASV.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb in this verse is implied in the noun phrases, as it lists the subjects and their roles. The structure is straightforward, presenting the officials in a series of noun phrases: אֱלִיחֹרֶף, וַאֲחִיָּה, and יְהוֹשָׁפָט.
The Hebrew word order places the names of the officials first, highlighting their significance in the context of Solomon's administration.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates סֹפְרִ֑ים as γραμματεῖς, meaning 'scribes.' This choice reflects a direct correlation to the administrative role of recording and documentation.
The use of γραμματεῖς suggests a continuity in the understanding of these roles across the Hebrew and Greek texts, emphasizing the importance of record-keeping in governance.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Kings 4:3 lists Elihoreph and Ahijah as secretaries in King Solomon's court, along with Jehoshaphat, who served as the recorder. This verse highlights the organization of Solomon's administration and the importance of these officials in managing the kingdom's affairs.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Elihoreph and Ahijah were secretaries in King Solomon's court, responsible for recording and managing official documents.
Jehoshaphat means 'Jehovah has judged' and he was a prominent king of Judah known for his piety.
Secretaries played a crucial role in maintaining records and ensuring the smooth operation of the kingdom's administration.
This verse connects to other passages that discuss the roles of officials in Israel, such as in 2 Samuel 20:25.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about the importance of record-keeping in our own lives?
- How do the roles of Elihoreph and Ahijah reflect the organization of leadership in our communities today?
- In what ways can we apply the principles of good governance seen in Solomon's administration?
- How does understanding the roles of these officials enhance our reading of the biblical narrative?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Kings 4:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleElihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes,.... Their father Shisha, the same with Sheva, was scribe only in David's time; and he being dead very probably, both his sons were continued in the
Read John Gill on 1 Kings 4 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryElihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder. Elihoreph and Ahiah , [ 'Eliychorep (H456), God is his recompense; wa-'Achiyaah (H281), brother (friend) of Yahweh].
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Kings 4 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleScribes, i.e. secretaries of state. He chose two, whereas David had but one; either because he observed some inconveniences in trusting all those matters in one hand; or because he had now much more employment than David had, this being a time of great peace and prosperity, and his empire enlarged, and his correspondencies with foreign princes more frequent. The recorder; of which See Poole "".
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Kings 4 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Kings 4:3 Elihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder.Ver. 3. Elihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha.] Otherwise called Sheva, as Martyr thinketh, trained up by their father in his own calling, and therein employed by Solomon, who had two scribes for his father’ s one, according to the amplitude of his dominion and state affairs. Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder.] Or, Remembrancer, or, chronicler, historiographer. He had the same office in David’ s days.
Read John Trapp on 1 Kings 4 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(3) Sons of Shisha.—In 1 Chronicles 18:16 “Shavsha,” and in 2 Samuel 20:25 “Sheva,” is mentioned as the scribe of David. Probably these are variations of the same name, and the office may have become virtually hereditary. The “scribe,” or (see Margin) “secretary,” is constantly referred to as a high officer, issuing the king’s edicts and letters, and acting in his name, like our “Secretaries of State.” Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud is named in 2 Samuel 8:16; 2 Samuel 20:24, and 1 Chronicles 18:15 as having been under David also the “recorder” or “remembrancer”—probably the annalist who drew up and preserved the archives of the kingdom.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Kings 4 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 3. Elihoreph and Ahiah - scribes] Secretaries to the king. Jehoshaphat - recorder] Historiographer to the king, who chronicled the affairs of the kingdom. He was in this office under David see 2 Samuel 20:24.
Read AdamClarke on 1 Kings 4 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges3. Shisha] This name appears as Shavsha (1 Chronicles 18:16) and as Sheva (2 Samuel 20:25). A comparison of those verses with 2 Samuel 8:17, shews that the person meant was also called Seraiah, from which word the other forms are probably copyists’ corruptions. Seraiah’s office had descended to his sons, as was so often the case among the Jews. With the growth of the kingdom since David’s time the duties of the royal scribe, or secretary, would have been much increased; we can therefore understand that two persons were needed for the office instead of one. Jehoshaphat] He had held the same office in the days of David. See 2 Samuel 8:16; 2 Samuel 20:24. The duties of the recorder, or…
Read Cambridge on 1 Kings 4 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleShisha, or Shavsha 1 Chronicles 18:16, seems also to have been called Sheva 2 Samuel 20:25, and Seraiah 2 Samuel 8:17.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Kings 4 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Elihoreph and Ahijah, the sons of Shisha, were secretaries; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder;
Elihoreph and Ahijah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder;
Elihoreph and Ahijah, the sons of Shisha, were secretaries; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder;
Elihoreph and Ahijah, the sons of Shisha, wrote down what happened. Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was in charge of the records.
Tyndale line
Elihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder.
Elihoreph and Ahijah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder;
Elihoreph and Ahijah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder;
Elihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehosaphat the son of Ahilud, the recorder.
Elihoreph and Ahiah the sonnes of Shisha scribes, Iehoshaphat the sonne of Ahilud, the recorder,
Strictly literal
Elihoreph and Ahiah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud, chronicler;
Elihoreph and Ahiah sons of Shisha [are] scribes; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud [is] remembrancer;
Elihoreph and Ahiah sons of Shisha [are] scribes; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud [is] remembrancer;
Elichoreph and Achiyah, the sons of Shisha, scribes; Jehoshaphat the son of Achilud, the recorder;
Elihoreph and Ahijah sons of Shisha, were secretaries. Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the recorder.
From the Latin
Elihoreph, and Ahia, the sons of Sisa, scribes: Josaphat the son of Ahilud, recorder:
Simplified
Elihoreph and Ahijah, sons of Shisha, were the king's secretaries. Jehoshaphat, son of Ahilud, kept the royal records.
Elihoreph and Ahijah, the sons of Shisha, were scribes; Jehoshaphat, the son of Ahilud, was the recorder;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in this verse, with eight out of nine words matching. The Septuagint's word order differs, but the essential roles and figures remain consistent.
אֱלִיחֹ֧רֶף וַאֲחִיָּ֛ה בְּנֵ֥י שִׁישָׁ֖א סֹפְרִ֑ים יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט בֶּן־ אֲחִיל֖וּד הַמַּזְכִּֽיר׃
8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Kings 4:3
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אֱלִיחֹ֫רֶף (Eliychoreph) refers to a man mentioned in the context of Solomon's court, specifically as a scribe. The name is thought to mean 'God of autumn' or 'God of winter (harvest-time).' He is noted as the son of Seraiah and brother of Ahijah, with a reference found in 1 Kings 4:3.
אֱלִיחֹ֫רֶף n.pr.m. (Autumn God?) one of Solomon’s scribes 1 K 4:3.
ref
H456 אֱלִיחֹ֫רֶף
456 'Eliychoreph el-ee-kho'-ref
from 410 and 2779; God of autumn; Elichoreph, an
Israelite:--Elihoreph.
see HEBREW for 0410
see HEBREW for 02779
אֱלִיחֹ֫רֶף (e.li.cho.reph) — Elihoreph.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ki.4.3;
son of: Seraiah (H8304);
brother of: Ahijah (H0281)
§ Elihoreph = "God of winter (harvest-time)"
a scribe in Solomon's court
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
el-i-ho'-ref ('elichoreph, "God of autumn"?):
A scribe of Solomon and son of Shisha (1Ki 4:3).
(God is his reward), one of Solomon’s scribes. (1 Kings 4:3)
god of winter, or of youth
→ Son of Shisha 1Ki 4:3
The Hebrew word אֲחִיָּ֫הוּ (*Achiyah*) means 'brother of Jehovah' and is associated with various figures in the Old Testament. It is built from the roots for 'brother' and 'Yah.' The entries highlight multiple individuals named Ahijah, including a prophet, a scribe, and the father of King Baasha. The lexicons provide overlapping details about these figures, with some variations in their roles and lineage.
אֲחִיָּ֫הוּ, אֲחִיָה (always, exc. where other form noted), אֲחִי n.pr.m. (brother of Yah(u))
a priest
a scribe
a prophet
father of king Baasha
grandson of Hezron
son of Ehud, of Benj.
one of Dvd’s heroes
a Levite, Dvd’s time
a chief man under Nehem.
a Gadite
a man of Asher
base
H281 אֲחִיָּ֫הוּ, אֲחִיָה, אֲחִי
281 'Achiyah akh-ee-yaw
or (prolonged) pAchiyahuw {akh-ee-yaw'-hoo}; from 251 and
3050; brother (i.e. worshipper) of Jah; Achijah, the name of
nine Israelites:--Ahiah, Ahijah.
see HEBREW for 0251
see HEBREW for 03050
אֲחִיָּ֫הוּ (a.chiy.yah) — Ahijah.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ki.4.3;
son of: Seraiah (H8304);
brother of: Elihoreph (H0456)
§ Ahiah or Ahijah = "brother of Jehovah (Yahu)"
1) grandson of Phinehas
2) scribe of Solomon
3) a prophet who predicted the revolt of the Northern tribes
4) father of Baasha, who usurped the Northern throne
5) grandson of Hezron (or mother of 1-4 above)
6) a Benjamite, son of Ehud
7) one of David's heroes
8) a Levite during David's time
9) a chief man under Nehemiah
אֲחִיָּ֫הוּ (a.chiy.yah) — Ahijah.
A prophet living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.11.29
§ Ahiah or Ahijah = "brother of Jehovah (Yahu)"
1) grandson of Phinehas
2) scribe of Solomon
3) a prophet who predicted the revolt of the Northern tribes
4) father of Baasha, who usurped the Northern throne
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
a-hi'-ja ('achiyah or 'achiyahu, "brother of Yahweh," "my brother is Yahweh," "Yah is brother." In the King James Version the name sometimes appears as Ahiah):
(1) One of the sons of Jerahmeel the great-grandson of Judah (1Ch 2:25).
(2) A descendant of Benjamin (1Ch 8:7).
(3) The son of Ahitub, priest in the time of King Saul (1Sa 14:3,18). Either he is the same with Ahimelech, who is mentioned later, or he is the father or brother of Ahimelech. He is introduced to us when Saul has been so long on the throne that his son Jonathan is a man grown and a warrior. He is in attendance upon Saul, evidently as an official priest, "wearing an ephod." When Saul wishes direction from God he asks the priest to bring hither the ark; but then…
Ahijah
Brother (i.e., “friend”) of Jehovah. (1.) One of the sons of Bela (1 Chr. 8:7, R.V.). In A.V. called “Ahiah.”
(2.) One of the five sons of Jerahmeel, who was great-grandson of Judah (1 Chr. 2:25).
(3.) Son of Ahitub (1 Sam. 14:3, 18), Ichabod’s brother; the same probably as Ahimelech, who was high priest at Nob in the reign of Saul (1 Sam. 22:11). Some, however, suppose that Ahimelech was the brother of Ahijah, and that they both officiated as high priests, Ahijah at Gibeah or Kirjath-jearim, and Ahimelech at Nob.
(4.) A Pelonite, one of David’s heroes (1 Chr. 11:36); called also Eliam (
[AHIAH, OR AHIJAH]
A prophet and chronicler of the times of Solomon and Jeroboam, 1Ki 11:29 2Ch 9:29. He is thought to be the person who spoke in God’s name to Solomon while building the temple, 1Ki 6:11; and again after he fell into sin, 1Ki 11:11. He notified Jeroboam of the separation of Israel from Judah, and of the foundation of his house-the ruin of which he afterwards foretold, 1Ki 14:1-14.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
See SON, SONS.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שִׁישָׁא (Shiysah) refers to a man mentioned during the time of Solomon, identified as the father of Elihoreph and Ahijah, royal secretaries. He is also known as Shavsha and Sheva in different contexts. The name is linked to the concept of whiteness and is derived from a related word.
שִׁישָׁא n.pr.m. Solomon’s time, 1 K 4:3
ref
H7894 שִׁישָׁא
7894 Shiysah' shee-shaw'
from the same as 7893; whiteness; Shisha, an
Israelite:--Shisha.
see HEBREW for 07893
שִׁישָׁא (shi.sah) — Shisha.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.8.17;
father of: Elihoreph (H0456) and Ahijah (H0281); also called Shavsha at 1Ch.18.16; Sheva(Ketiv: Sheya) at 2Sa.20.25; Shisha at 1Ki.4.3;
Another name of se.ra.yah (שְׂרָיָהוּ "Seraiah" H8304G)
§ Shisha = "Jehovah contends"
1) father of Elihoreph and Ahiah, the royal secretaries in the reign of Solomon
1a) apparently the same as 'Shavsha' who held the same position under David
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
shi'-sha (shisha'): One of Solomon's officers of state (1Ki 4:3).
(Jehovah contends), father of Elihoreph and Ahiah, the royal secretaries in the reign of Solomon. (1 Kings 4:3) He is apparently the same as Shavsha, who held the same position under David. (B.C. 1000.)
of marble; pleasant
→ See SERIAH, number one
סָפַר (safar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to count or recount, with various forms indicating actions like declaring or rehearsing. The noun form סֹפֵר (sofer) refers to a scribe or secretary. The entries highlight its use in contexts of enumeration and record-keeping, but do not present significant disagreement among lexicons.
סָפַר 107 vb. count, Pi. recount, relate
Qal 27
count things, to learn their number
number = take account of, carefully observe and consider, reckon
Niph. be counted, numbered
Pi. 67 recount, rehearse, declare
Pu. be recounted, related, rehearsed
base
סֹפֵר, סוֹפֵר n.m. enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
base
H5608a סָפַר count, Pi. recount, relate .. count things, to learn their number
. number = take account of, carefully observe and consider, reckon
. be counted, numbered
. recount, rehearse, declare
. be recounted, related, rehearsed
H5608b סֹפֵר, סוֹפֵר enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
5608 caphar saw-far'
a primitive root; properly, to score with a mark as a tally
or record, i.e. (by implication) to inscribe, and also to
enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e. celebrate:--commune,
(ac-)count; declare, number, + penknife, reckon, scribe, shew
forth, speak, talk, tell (out), writer.
סָפַר (sa.phar) — to recount.
v
1) to count, recount, relate
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to count (things)
1a2) to number, take account of, reckon
1b) (Niphal) to be counted, be numbered
1c) (Piel) to recount, rehearse, declare
1c1) to recount (something), rehearse
1c2) to talk
1c3) to count exactly or accurately
1d) (Pual) to be recounted, be rehearsed, be related
סֹפֵר (so.pher) — secretary.
1) enumerator, muster-officer, secretary, scribe
1a) enumerator, muster-officer, secretary
1b) learned man, scribe
Aramaic equivalent: sa.pher (סָפִר "scribe" H5613)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
skribz: The existence of law leads necessarily to a profession whose business is the study and knowledge of the law; at any rate, if the law is extensive and complicated. At the time of Ezra and probably for some time after, this was chiefly the business of the priests. Ezra was both priest and scholar (copher). It was chiefly in the interest of the priestly cult that the most important part of the Pentateuch was written. The priests were therefore also in the first instance the scholars and the guardians of the Law; but in the course of time this was changed. The more highly esteemed the Law became in the eyes of the people, the more its study and interpretation became a lifework by itself, and thus there developed a class of scholars who, though not priests, devoted themselves assiduously to the Law. These became known as the scribes, that is, the professional students of the Law.…
Scribes
Anciently held various important offices in the public affairs of the nation. The Hebrew word so rendered (sopher) is first used to designate the holder of some military office (Judg. 5:14; A.V., “pen of the writer;” R.V., “the marshal’s staff;” marg., “the staff of the scribe”). The scribes acted as secretaries of state, whose business it was to prepare and issue decrees in the name of the king (2 Sam. 8:17; 20:25; 1 Chr. 18:16; 24:6; 1 Kings 4:3; 2 Kings 12:9-11; 18:18-37, etc.). They discharged various other important public duties as men of high authority and influence in the affairs of state.
(Heb.sopherim), I. Name . -- (1) Three meanings are connected with the verb saphar , the root of sopherim -- (a) to write, (b) to set in order, (c) to count. The explanation of the word has been referred to each of these. The sopherim were so called because they wrote out the law, or because they classified and arranged its precepts, or because they counted with scrupulous minuteness every elapse and letter It contained. (2) The name of Kirjath-sepher, (Joshua 15:15; Judges 1:12) may possibly connect itself with some early use of the title, and appears to point to military functions of some kind. (Judges 5:14) The men are mentioned as filling the office of scribe under David and Solomon. (
The Hebrew word יְהוֹשָׁפָט (*Yhowshaphat*) means 'Jehovah has judged.' It refers to several individuals, including a king of Judah, a chronicler, and a priest during the time of David, as well as a valley near Jerusalem associated with ultimate judgment. The entries note that Jehoshaphat was a significant king known for his piety and prosperity.
יְהוֹשָׁפָט, יוֹשָׁפָט n.pr.m. (י׳ hath judged)
king of Judah, son of Asa
father of Jehu king of Israel
chronicler under David & Solomon, son of Ahilud
one of Sol.’s 12 officers who provided victuals for the royal household
one of David’s heroes
a priest & trumpeter in David’s time
in n.pr.loc., symbolical name of a valley near Jerusalem, place of ultimate judgment.
base
H3092 יְהוֹשָׁפָט, יוֹשָׁפָט
3092 Yhowshaphat yeh-ho-shaw-fawt'
from 3068 and 8199; Jehovah-judged; Jehoshaphat, the name of
six Israelites; also of a valley near Jerusalem:--Jehoshaphat.
Compare 3146.
see HEBREW for 03068
see HEBREW for 08199
see HEBREW for 03146
יְהוֹשָׁפָט (ye.ho.sha.phat) — Jehoshaphat.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.8.16;
son of: Ahilud (H0286);
brother of: Baana (H1195)
§ Jehoshaphat = "Jehovah has judged"
1) son of king Asa and himself king of Judah for 25 years; one of the best, most pious, and prosperous kings of Judah
2) son of Nimshi and father of king Jehu of the northern kingdom of Israel
3) son of Ahilud and chronicler under David and Solomon
4) son of Paruah and one of the 12 commissary officers under Solomon
5) a priest and trumpeter in the time of David
6) symbolical name of a valley near Jerusalem which is the place of ultimate judgment; maybe the deep ravine which separates Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives through which the Kidron flowed
יְהוֹשָׁפָט (ye.ho.sha.phat) — Jehoshaphat.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ki.4.17;
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Jehoshaphat
Jehovah-judged. (1.) One of David’s body-guard (1 Chr. 11:43).
(2.) One of the priests who accompanied the removal of the ark to Jerusalem (1 Chr. 15:24).
(3.) Son of Ahilud, “recorder” or annalist under David and Solomon (2 Sam. 8:16), a state officer of high rank, chancellor or vizier of the kingdom.
(4.) Solomon’s purveyor in Issachar (1 Kings 4:17).
(5.) The son and successor of Asa, king of Judah. After fortifying his kingdom against Israel (2 Chr. 17:1, 2), he set himself to cleanse the land of idolatry (1 Kings 22:43). In the third year of his…
(whom Jehovah judges.) King of Judah, son of Asa, succeeded to the throne B.C. 914, when he was 35 years old, and reigned 25 years. His history is to be found among the events recorded in (1 Kings 15:24; 2 Kings 8:16) or in a continuous narrative in (2 Chronicles 17:1; 2 Chronicles 21:3) He was contemporary with Ahab, Ahaziah and Jehoram. He was one of the best, most pious and prosperous kings of Judah, the greatest since Solomon. At first he strengthened himself against Israel; but soon afterward the two Hebrew kings formed an alliance. In his own kingdom Jehoshaphat ever showed himself a zealous follower of the commandments of God: he tried to put down the high places and…
A pious king of Judah, the son and successor of Asa. He began to reign at the age of thirty-five, about the year 914 B. C., and reigned twenty-five years. His history is found in 1Ki 15:24 22:1-53 2Ch 17:1-20:37. He was distinguished by his zeal for true religion, and his firm trust in God. He thoroughly cleansed the land from idolatry, restored the divine ordinances, and provided for the religious instruction of the people. His government was highly prospered at home and abroad. The great error of his life was an entangling alliance with the wicked Ahab, whose infamous daughter Athaliah early began to afflict the kingdom of Judah, of which she was afterwards the queen. Jehoshaphat was beguiled by Ahab into an unsuccessful war with the Syrians, but soon resumed his labors in…
the Lord is judge
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word אֲחִילוּד (*Achiyluwd*) refers to a man named Ahilud, who lived during the United Monarchy of Israel. He is identified as the father of Jehoshaphat, a chronicler for King David, and Baana, an officer under Solomon. The name is derived from the roots meaning 'brother of one born,' suggesting a familial connection.
אֲחִילוּד n.pr.m. (child’s brother (?))
father of Jehoshaphat, David’s chronicler
father of Baana, officer of Solomon
base
H286 אֲחִילוּד
286 'Achiyluwd akh-ee-lood'
from 251 and 3205; brother of one born; Achilud, an
Israelite:--Ahilud.
see HEBREW for 0251
see HEBREW for 03205
אֲחִילוּד (a.chi.lud) — Ahilud.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.8.16;
father of: Jehoshaphat (H3092), Baana (H1195)
§ Ahilud = "child's brother"
1) father of Jehoshaphat, David's recorder
2) father of Baana, an officer of Solomon
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
a-hi'-lud ('achiludh, "child's brother," perhaps): The father of Jehoshaphat, who is mentioned as "recorder" in both the earlier and the later lists under David, and in the list under Solomon (2Sa 8:16, 1Ch 18:15; 2Sa 20:24; 1Ki 4:3). In the absence of proof we may assume that the father of Baana, one of Solomon's district superintendents, was the same Ahilud (1Ki 4:12).
(a brother of one born, i.e. before him). Father of Jehoshaphat, the recorder or chronicler of the kingdom in the reigns of David and Solomon. (2 Samuel 8:16; 20:24; 1 Kings 4:3; 1 Chronicles 18:15) (B.C. before 1015.) The father of Baana, one of Solomon’s twelve commissariat officers. (1 Kings 4:12) It is uncertain whether he is the same with the foregoing.
a brother born, or begotten
The Hebrew word זָכַר (zakar) means 'to remember' and is built from a primitive root implying recognition. It covers a range of meanings, including recalling thoughts, commemorating days, and causing others to remember. The entries also note its use in various grammatical forms, such as being remembered or making a memorial.
זָכַר vb. remember
Qal
Human subj.
remember, recall, call to mind, usu. as affecting present feeling, thought or action
remember persons (human subj.)
remember י׳
remember
think of or on, call to mind something present or future
remember a day, to observe, commemorate it
remember, with implied mention of, obj.
Subj. י׳ (אלהִם)
remember persons
remember the distress of his servants
their devotion
remember his own covenant (with them)
his mercy
extenuating circumstances
remember sins, idolatries
Niph.
be brought to remembrance, remembered, thought of, usu. c. neg.
neg. be not remembered = no longer exist, of name of Israel, as nation
be remembered, of particular days, in order to be observed, commemorated
Hiph.
cause to remember, remind
cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance
mention
record, only pt.
of sacrifice, make a memorial
base
H2142 זָכַר remember .. Human subj. . remember, recall, call to mind, usu. as affecting present feeling, thought or action
. remember persons (human subj.)
. remember י׳
. remember
. think of or on, call to mind something present or future
. remember a day, to observe, commemorate it
. remember, with implied mention of, obj.
. Subj. י׳ (אלהִם) . remember persons
. . remember the distress of his servants
. their devotion
. . remember his own covenant (with them)
. his mercy
. extenuating circumstances
. remember sins, idolatries
. . be brought to remembrance, remembered, thought of, usu. c. neg.
. neg. be not remembered = no longer exist, of name of Israel, as nation
. be remembered, of particular days, in order to be observed, commemorated
. . cause to remember, remind
. cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance
. mention
. record, only pt.
. of sacrifice, make a memorial
2142 zakar zaw-kar'
a primitive root; properly, to mark (so as to be recognized),
i.e. to remember; by implication, to mention; also (as
denominative from 2145) to be male:--X burn (incense), X
earnestly, be male, (make) mention (of), be mindful, recount,
record(-er), remember, make to be remembered, bring (call,
come, keep, put) to (in) remembrance, X still, think on, X
well.
see HEBREW for 02145
זָכַר (za.khar) — to remember.
1) to remember, recall, call to mind
1a) (Qal) to remember, recall
1b) (Niphal) to be brought to remembrance, be remembered, be thought of, be brought to mind
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to cause to remember, remind
1c2) to cause to be remembered, keep in remembrance
1c3) to mention
1c4) to record
1c5) to make a memorial, make remembrance
Art | V-Hiphil — Particle · verb hiphil participle (active) masculine singularHTd/Vhrmsa
re-kor'-der (mazkir; the Revised Version margin "chronicler"): A high functionary in the court of the Jewish kings, part of whose duty seems to have been to chronicle the events of the reign, but who also occupied a position corresponding with that of the modern vizier (2Sa 8:16; 20:24; 1Ch 18:15, etc.). His high rank is shown by the facts that, with other officers, he represented Hezekiah in speaking with Rabshakeh (2Ki 18:18), and, in the reign of Josiah, superintended the repairs of the temple (2Ch 34:8).
Recorder
(Heb. mazkir, i.e., “the mentioner,” “rememberancer”), the office first held by Jehoshaphat in the court of David (2 Sam. 8:16), also in the court of Solomon (1 Kings 4:3). The next recorder mentioned is Joah, in the reign of Hezekiah (2 Kings 18:18, 37; Isa. 36:3, 22). In the reign of Josiah another of the name of Joah filled this office (2 Chr. 34:8). The “recorder” was the chancellor or vizier of the kingdom. He brought all weighty matters under the notice of the king, “such as complaints, petitions, and wishes of subjects or foreigners. He also drew up papers for the king’s guidance, and prepared drafts of the…
an officer of high rank in the Jewish state, exercising the functions, not simply of an annalist, but of chancellor or president of the privy council. In David’s court the recorder appeal’s among the high officers of his household. (2 Samuel 8:16; 20:24; 1 Chronicles 18:15) In Solomon’s he is coupled with the three secretaries. (1 Kings 4:3) comp. 2Kin 18:18,37; 2Chr 34:8