2 Samuel 22:43 — Word Study
WLCוְאֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם כַּעֲפַר־ אָ֑רֶץ כְּטִיט־ חוּצ֥וֹת אֲדִקֵּ֖ם אֶרְקָעֵֽם׃
BSAI ground themshâchaq▸ [as small as the dust of the earth, like tiny particles] as the dustʻâphâr [dry earth or clay] of the earthʼerets I crusheddâqaq▸ [pulverized, beat into small pieces] and trampled themrâqaʻ▸ [stamped them down, spread them abroad] like mudṭîyṭ [mire, clay or dirt] in the streetschûwts [outside, outdoors, in the public square]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְאֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם | and I beat fine them | Conjunction, verb qal first person common singular, suffix |
| כַּעֲפַר־ | like [the] dust of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| אָ֑רֶץ | [the] earth | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| כְּטִיט־ | like [the] mud of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| חוּצ֥וֹת | [the] streets | Noun common, feminine plural absolute |
| אֲדִקֵּ֖ם | I pulverized them | Verb hiphil imperfect first person common singular, suffix |
| אֶרְקָעֵֽם׃ | I beat out them | Verb qal imperfect first person common singular, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | I ground them as the dust of the earth; I crushed and trampled them like mud in the streets. |
| KJV | Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street, and did spread them abroad. |
| ASV | Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did crush them as the mire of the streets, and did spread them abroad. |
| YLT | And I beat them as dust of the earth, As mire of the streets I beat them small — I spread them out! |
| WEB | Then I beat them as small as the dust of the earth. I crushed them as the mire of the streets, and spread them abroad. |
| BBE | Then they were crushed as small as the dust of the earth, stamped down under my feet like the waste of the streets. |
Where they part company is אֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured with a main clause followed by two comparisons, enhancing the imagery of destruction.
4 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 2 Samuel 22:43
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — David's Song of Deliverancegenerated
2 Samuel 22:43 is part of a song where David praises God for his deliverance from enemies. He reflects on the power of God in his life, expressing how he has triumphed over those who sought to harm him. This verse uses strong imagery to convey the totality of his victory, likening his enemies to dust and mud, illustrating their insignificance compared to God's might.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 Kings 13:7 | Jehoahaz had no army left, except fifty horsemen, ten chariots, and ten thousand foot soldiers, because the king of Aram had destroyed them and made them like the dust at threshing. |
| 2 | Psalm 35:5 | May they be like chaff in the wind, as the angel of the LORD drives them away. |
| 3 | Daniel 2:35 | Then the iron, clay, bronze, silver, and gold were shattered and became like chaff on the threshing floor in summer. The wind carried them away, and not a trace of them could be found. But the stone that had struck the statue became a great mountain and filled the whole earth. |
| 4 | Malachi 4:1 | “For behold, the day is coming, burning like a furnace, when all the arrogant and every evildoer will be stubble; the day is coming when I will set them ablaze,” says the LORD of Hosts. “Not a root or branch will be left to them.” |
| 5 | Psalm 18:42 | I ground them as dust in the face of the wind; I trampled them like mud in the streets. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — אֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם, ve.'esh.cha.Kemgenerated
The verb שָׁחַק (shachaq) means to beat or pulverize, conveying the idea of grinding something into fine particles. In this context, it describes the complete destruction of enemies, emphasizing how thoroughly David has defeated them.
This word is often used in a physical sense, such as grinding incense or stones, but here it serves a metaphorical purpose, illustrating the totality of David's victory over his foes.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse contains multiple verbs that illustrate the actions taken against the enemies: אֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם (I ground them), אֲדִקֵּ֖ם (I crushed them), and אֶרְקָעֵֽם (I beat out them). This structure emphasizes the thoroughness of David's actions.
The order of the verbs creates a rhythm that enhances the imagery of destruction, with each action building upon the last to portray a complete victory over his foes.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the translators used αὐτοὺς for אֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם, indicating a straightforward rendering of the Hebrew. This choice reflects a focus on the direct action against the enemies, maintaining the vivid imagery of defeat.
The consistency in translating the physical actions highlights the translators' intent to convey the same sense of total domination present in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
2 Samuel 22:43 describes how David defeated his enemies, comparing them to dust and mud to illustrate their total destruction. He emphasizes the thoroughness of his victory by using strong verbs that convey the intensity of his actions.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
David is expressing the complete defeat of his enemies, indicating that they have been reduced to insignificance, much like dust.
The vivid imagery serves to emphasize the totality of his victory and the power of God in delivering him from his enemies.
This verse reflects David's reliance on God for strength and victory, showcasing how he attributes his successes to divine intervention.
We can learn about the importance of recognizing and celebrating victories in our lives, attributing them to God's support and strength.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I need to rely on God's strength to overcome challenges?
- How can I celebrate the victories God has given me, like David did?
- What does it mean to me to see my struggles as opportunities for God's power to be displayed?
- How can I apply the lessons from David's victory to my own life?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 2 Samuel 22:43 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThen did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street, [and] did spread them abroad. [See comments on Psalms 18:42].
Read John Gill on 2 Samuel 22 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThen did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street, and did spread them abroad. Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth.
Read Robert Jamieson on 2 Samuel 22 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(43) Dust of the earth.—Psalms 18 reads, “Dust before the wind,” and in the second clause omits “did spread them abroad.” The psalm thus combines in one compact figure what is here spread out in two clauses. The change is certainly designed, and heightens the poetic effect. Thou hast kept me.—The wording of the psalm, “Thou hast made me,” involves only a slight difference in the original, and is a mere clerical variation.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 2 Samuel 22 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges43. as the dust of the earth] In Psalms 18:42, “as the dust before the wind.” For the metaphor cp. 2 Kings 13:7. I did stamp them, &c.] In Psalms 18:42, “as the mire of the streets did I empty them out:” I flung them away as worthless refuse. Again the variation is due to the confusion of similar words (ΰγχν–ΰψιν).
Read Cambridge on 2 Samuel 22 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
I ground them as the dust of the earth; I crushed and trampled them like mud in the streets.
Then I beat them as small as the dust of the earth. I crushed them as the mire of the streets, and spread them abroad.
I ground them as the dust of the earth; I crushed and trampled them like mud in the streets.
I grind them as fine as the dust of the ground; I crush them and stomp on them like clay in the streets.
Tyndale line
Then did I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the street, and did spread them abroad.
Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did crush them as the mire of the streets, and did spread them abroad.
Then did I beat them small as the dust of the earth, I did stamp them as the mire of the streets, and did spread them abroad.
Then I beat them as small as the dust of the earth, I stamped them as the mire of the street, and spread them abroad.
Then did I beate them as small as the dust of the earth: I did treade them flat as the clay of the streete, and did spread them abroad.
Strictly literal
And I did beat them small as the dust of the earth, I trod them as the mire of the streets; I stamped upon them.
And I beat them as dust of the earth, As mire of the streets I beat them small — I spread them out!
And I beat them as dust of the earth, || As mire of the streets I beat them small—I spread them out!
And I beat them small as the dust of the earth; as the mire of the street, I stamp them, I tread them down.
I beat them into fine pieces like dust on the ground, I pulverized them like mud in the streets.
From the Latin
I shall beat them as small as the dust of the earth: I shall crush them and spread them abroad like the mire of the streets.
Simplified
I ground them into dust, like the dust of the earth. I crushed them and threw them out like mud in the street.
Then they were crushed as small as the dust of the earth, stamped down under my feet like the waste of the streets.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads as follows: וְאֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם כַּעֲפַר־ אָ֑רֶץ כְּטִיט־ חוּצ֥וֹת אֲדִקֵּ֖ם אֶרְקָעֵֽם׃. The Septuagint matches six of the seven words, maintaining the core meaning. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration, but the main words align with the Masoretic Text, indicating a strong agreement among the witnesses.
וְאֶשְׁחָקֵ֖ם כַּעֲפַר־ אָ֑רֶץ כְּטִיט־ חוּצ֥וֹת אֲדִקֵּ֖ם אֶרְקָעֵֽם׃
6 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[ואשחק׳ם] [כעפר] [על] פני ארח [כטיט] חוצות ארקע׳ם
3 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 4 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 2 Samuel 22:43
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שָׁחַק (shachaq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rub away, beat fine, or pulverize. It conveys the idea of comminution, often in the context of grinding substances like incense or stones, and can also be used figuratively regarding enemies. The entries consistently emphasize its physical and metaphorical applications.
[שָׁחַק] vb. rub away, beat fine, pulverize
base
H7833 שָׁחַק
7833 shachaq shaw-khak'
a primitive root; to comminate (by trituration or
attrition):--beat, wear.
שָׁחַק (sha.chaq) — to beat.
1) to rub away, beat fine, pulverise
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to rub away
1a1a) of incense, stones
1a1b) of enemies (fig)
Conj | V-Qal-Imperf-1cs | Suff — Conjunction · verb qal first person common singular · suffixHC/Vqu1cs/Sp3mp
עָפָר (aphar) refers to dry earth or dust, encompassing meanings such as powder, ashes, and rubbish. It is derived from a root meaning to be dry and is used in various contexts, including clay and mortar. The entries consistently highlight its association with loose earth and debris.
עָפָר n.m. dry earth, dust
base
H6083 עָפָר dry earth, dust
6083 `aphar aw-fawr'
from 6080; dust (as powdered or gray); hence, clay, earth,
mud:--ashes, dust, earth, ground, morter, powder, rubbish.
see HEBREW for 06080
עָפָר (a.phar) — dust.
1) dry earth, dust, powder, ashes, earth, ground, mortar, rubbish
1a) dry or loose earth
1b) debris
1c) mortar
1d) ore
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֶ֫רֶץ (erets) is a feminine noun meaning 'earth' or 'land.' It encompasses various meanings, including the whole earth, specific territories like Canaan, and even inhabitants of the land. It can refer to soil, ground, or regions, and is used in phrases related to distance and the living. There is a note on the plural form אֲרָצוֹת, which mainly appears in later texts to denote multiple lands.
אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land
earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
earth, opp. to heaven, sky
earth = inhabitants of earth
land =
country, territory
district, region
trial territory
piece of ground
specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
= inhabitants of land
used even of Shᵉʼôl
ground, surface of ground
soil, as productive
אֶרֶץ in phrases
people of the land
in measurements of distance
the country of the plain, level or plain country
land of the living
end(s) of the earth
pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
base
H776 אֶ֫רֶץ n. f. & (seld.) m. earth, land . . earth, whole earth (opp. to a part)
. earth, opp. to heaven, sky
. earth = inhabitants of earth
. land = . country, territory
. district, region
. trial territory
. piece of ground
. specif. land of Canaan, or Israel
. = inhabitants of land
. used even of Shᵉʼôl
. . ground, surface of ground
. soil, as productive
. אֶרֶץ in phrases . people of the land
. in measurements of distance
. the country of the plain, level or plain country
. land of the living
. end(s) of the earth
. pl. אֲרָצוֹת is almost wholly late; it denotes lands, countries, often in contrast to Canaan, lands of the nations, etc.
776 'erets eh'-rets
from an unused root probably meaning to be firm; the earth
(at large, or partitively a land):--X common, country, earth,
field, ground, land, X natins, way, + wilderness, world.
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: country/planet.
: country/field
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
1b2) district, region
1b3) tribal territory
1b4) piece of ground
1b5) land of Canaan, Israel
1b6) inhabitants of land
1b7) Sheol, land without return, (under) world
1b8) city (-state)
1c) ground, surface of the earth
1c1) ground
1c2) soil
1d) (in phrases)
1d1) people of the land
1d2) space or distance of country (in measurements of distance)
1d3) level or plain country
1d4) land of the living
1d5) end(s) of the earth
1e) (almost wholly late in usage)
1e1) lands, countries
1e1a) often in contrast to Canaan
אֶ֫רֶץ (e.rets) — land: soil.
: soil
1) land, earth
1a) earth
1a1) whole earth (as opposed to a part)
1a2) earth (as opposed to heaven)
1a3) earth (inhabitants)
1b) land
1b1) country, territory
N-cs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
urth ('adhamah, 'erets, 'aphar; ge, oikoumene):
In a hilly limestone country like Palestine, the small amount of iron oxide in the rocks tends to be oxidized, and thereby to give a prevailing reddish color to the soil. This is especially the case on relatively barren hills where there is little organic matter present to prevent reddening and give a more blackish tinge.
'Adhamah (compare 'adham, "a man," and Adam) is from 'adham, "to be red," and is used in the senses: "earth" (Ex 20:24), "land" (Ps 105:35), a "land" or country (Isa 14:2), "ground" (Ge 4:11), "the earth" (Ge 7:4).
Earth
(1.) In the sense of soil or ground, the translation of the word adamah’. In Gen. 9:20 “husbandman” is literally “man of the ground or earth.” Altars were to be built of earth (Ex. 20:24). Naaman asked for two mules’ burden of earth (2 Kings 5:17), under the superstitious notion that Jehovah, like the gods of the heathen, could be acceptably worshipped only on his own soil.
(2). As the rendering of ’erets, it means the whole world (Gen. 1:2); the land as opposed to the sea (1:10). Erets also denotes a country (21:32); a plot of ground (23:15); the ground on which a man stands (33:3); the inhabitants of the earth (6:1; 11:1); all the world except Israel (
The term is used in two widely-different senses: (1) for the material of which the earth’s surface is composed; (2) as the name of the planet on which man dwells. The Hebrew language discriminates between these two by the use of separate terms, adamah for the former, erets for the latter. Adamah is the earth in the sense of soil or ground, particularly as being susceptible of cultivation. (Genesis 2:7) Erets is applied in a more or less extended sense-- (1) to the whole world, (Genesis 1:1) (2) to land as opposed to sea, (Genesis 1:10) (3) to a country, (Genesis 21:32) (4) to a plot of ground, (Genesis 23:15) and (5) to…
In both Hebrew and Greek the same word is used to denote the earth as a whole, and a particular land. Only the context can enable us to decide in which of these senses it is to be taken in a given passage.
Thus in Mt 27:45 we might, so far as the original word is concerned, render either "there was darkness over all the land," or over all the earth. The expression "all the earth" is sometimes used hyperbolically for a large portion of it, Ezr 1:2. The word is used of the whole world, etc. In a moral sense, earthly is opposed to what is heavenly, spiritual and holy, Joh 3:31 1Co 15:47 Col 3:2
טִיט (tiyt) refers to mud, mire, or clay, and is derived from a root that suggests stickiness. It can also figuratively denote calamity. The term appears in various contexts, including poetic uses for clay. There is an Aramaic equivalent, טִין (tin), meaning 'common.'
טִיט n.m. mud, mire, clay
base
H2916 טִיט mud, mire, clay
2916 tiyt teet
from an unused root meaning apparently to be sticky (rath.
perb. a demon. from 2894, through the idea of dirt to be swept
away); mud or clay; figuratively, calamity:--clay, dirt, mire.
see HEBREW for 02894
טִיט (tit) — mud.
1) mud, clay, mire, damp dirt
1a) mud, mire
1b) clay (poetical)
Aramaic equivalent: tin (טִין "common" H2917)
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
חוּץ (chuwts) refers to the concept of being outside or outward, often associated with streets or highways. It is derived from a root meaning to sever, indicating separation by a wall. The term covers various contexts, including outdoors and fields.
חוּץ n.[m.] the outside, sts., esp. in pl., spec. a street
base
H2351 חוּץ
2351 chuwts khoots
or (shortened) chuts {khoots}; (both forms feminine in the
plural) from an unused root meaning to sever; properly,
separate by a wall, i.e. outside, outdoors:--abroad, field,
forth, highway, more, out(-side, -ward), street, without.
חוּץ (chuts) — outside.
outside, outward, street, the outside
N-mp — Noun common · feminine plural absoluteHNcfpa
In the towns and cities of Palestine, are supposed to have been comparatively narrow and ill graded, on account of the unevenness of their sites, and the little use of wheel-carriages. They were wider, however, than in many modern cities, Lu 14:21, and terminated in large public areas around the gates, Ne 8:1. Josephus says that those of Jerusalem were paved. They were named, like our own streets, Ac 9:11, and often resembled the bazaars of modern eastern cities, the shops of the same kind being in the same street and giving it its name, as the bakers’ street, Ne 3:31,32; Jer 37:21, and the valley of the cheesemongers.…
דָּקַק (daqaq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to crush or pulverize. It encompasses actions like crushing, threshing, and becoming fine, with forms indicating both active and passive states. The entries suggest a focus on the physical act of breaking down substances into smaller parts, though they do not provide specific verse references.
[דָּקַק] vb. crush, pulverize, thresh; be fine
Qal
crush (trans.)
be fine
Hiph. make dust of, pulverize
Hoph. be crushed
base
H1854 [דָּקַק] crush, pulverize, thresh; be fine
1854 daqaq daw-kak'
a primitive root (compare 1915); to crush (or intransitively)
crumble:--beat in pieces (small), bruise, make dust, (into) X
powder, (be, very) small, stamp (small).
see HEBREW for 01915
דָּקַק (da.qaq) — to crush.
1) to crush, pulverise, thresh
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to crush
1a2) to be fine
1b) (Hiphil) to pulverise, make dust of
1c) (Hophal) to be crushed
V-Hiphil-Imperf-1cs | Suff — Verb hiphil imperfect first person common singular · suffixHVhi1cs/Sp3mp
רָקַע (raqa`) is a Hebrew verb meaning to beat, stamp, or spread out. It encompasses actions like pounding the earth, overlaying materials, and stretching or expanding surfaces. The word appears in various forms, including Qal, Piel, Pual, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of beating and spreading. Notably, the Hiphil form relates to making a spreading of clouds.
[רָקַע] vb. beat, stamp, beat out, spread out
Qal I will stamp them down
Pi. a goldsmith with gold overlayeth it
Pu. silver beaten out.
Hiph. canst thou make with (= like) him a spreading for clouds
base
H7554 [רָקַע] beat, stamp, beat out, spread out
7554 raqa` raw-kah'
a primitive root; to pound the earth (as a sign of passion);
by analogy to expand (by hammering); by implication, to
overlay (with thin sheets of metal):--beat, make broad,
spread abroad (forth, over, out, into plates), stamp, stretch.
רָקַע (ra.qa) — to beat.
1) to beat, stamp, beat out, spread out, stretch
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to stamp, beat out
1a2) one who beats out (participle)
1b) (Piel) to overlay, beat out (for plating)
1c) (Pual) beaten out (participle)
1d) (Hiphil) to make a spreading (of clouds)
V-Qal-Imperf-1cs | Suff — Verb qal imperfect first person common singular · suffixHVqi1cs/Sp3mp