1 Peter 1:20 — Word Study
N1904προεγνωσμένου μὲν πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, φανερωθέντος δὲ ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτου τῶν χρόνων δι᾽ ὑμᾶς
BSAforeknownproginōskō■✻ [foreordained, chosen] indeedmen beforepro [the] foundationkatabolē [beginning, conception] [the] world,kosmos [the orderly arrangement, creation] having been revealedphaneroō▸ [manifested, made visible] howeverde inepi [this] lasteschatos [final, extreme] of theho timeschronos [periods, ages] for the sake ofdia [because of, on account of you] yousu
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| προεγνωσμένου | foreknown | Verb, perfect, passive |
| μὲν | indeed | Particle |
| πρὸ | before | Preposition |
| καταβολῆς | [the] foundation | Noun, genitive, singular |
| κόσμου, | [the] world, | Noun, genitive, singular |
| φανερωθέντος | having been revealed | Verb, aorist, passive |
| δὲ | however | Conjunction |
| ἐπ᾽ | in | Preposition |
| ἐσχάτου | [this] last | Adjective, genitive, plural |
| τῶν | of the | Article, genitive, plural |
| χρόνων | times | Noun, genitive, plural |
| δι᾽ | for the sake of | Preposition |
| ὑμᾶς | you | Personal pronoun, second person, accusative |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | He was known before the foundation of the world, but was revealed in the last times for your sake. |
| KJV | Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you, |
| ASV | who was foreknown indeed before the foundation of the world, but was manifested at the end of the times for your sake, |
| YLT | foreknown, indeed, before the foundation of the world, and manifested in the last times because of you, |
| WEB | who was foreknown indeed before the foundation of the world, but was revealed in this last age for your sake, |
| BBE | Who was marked out by God before the making of the world, but was caused to be seen in these last times for you, |
Where they part company is προεγνωσμένου — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence consists of a main clause with a contrasting subordinate clause, emphasizing the difference between Christ's foreknowledge and His revelation.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbπρογινώσκω
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the New Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — ὁ, the commonest word in the Greek New Testament, stands 19,867 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Peter 1:20
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Revelation of Christgenerated
1 Peter 1:20 explains that Christ was known and chosen by God before the foundation of the world. This foreknowledge emphasizes God's sovereignty and the intentionality behind Christ's coming. The passage highlights the significance of Christ's revelation in the last times, which serves a purpose for believers, showing that their faith is rooted in God's eternal plan.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 3:15 | And I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your seed and her seed. He will crush your head, and you will strike his heel. ” |
| 2 | Proverbs 8:23 | From everlasting I was established, from the beginning, before the earth began. |
| 3 | Micah 5:2 | But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, who are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come forth for Me One to be ruler over Israel — One whose origins are of old, from the days of eternity. |
| 4 | Romans 3:25 | God presented Him as the atoning sacrifice through faith in His blood, in order to demonstrate His righteousness, because in His forbearance He had passed over the sins committed beforehand. |
| 5 | Romans 16:25–26 | Now to Him who is able to strengthen you by my gospel and by the proclamation of Jesus Christ, according to the revelation of the mystery concealed for ages past |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 20 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — προεγνωσμένου, proginōskōgenerated
The word προγινώσκω is a perfect passive participle derived from 'before' and 'know.' It conveys the idea of knowing or choosing something in advance, particularly in the context of God's divine foreknowledge. In this verse, it indicates that Christ was known beforehand as part of God's redemptive plan.
This passive form suggests that the action of knowing was done by God, emphasizing His initiative in salvation. The concept of foreknowledge is crucial in understanding God's relationship with humanity and His plan for salvation, as seen in other passages like Romans 8:29.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In this study, we reference the Berean Standard Bible (BSB) as the base text, which uses the term known. This is echoed in the KJV with foreordained, highlighting a slightly different nuance of the same concept.
While the BSB and KJV differ in wording, they both convey the idea of God's prior knowledge of Christ's role. Other translations like ASV and YLT use foreknown, maintaining the emphasis on God's foreknowledge without altering the essential meaning.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is governed by the verb ἐγνωσμένου, was known, which connects two contrasting ideas: the foreknowledge of Christ and His revelation in the last times. The structure includes a prepositional phrase indicating the time frame of God's plan.
The sentence is composed of two main clauses linked by δὲ, but, which serves to contrast the known state of Christ before the foundation of the world with His later revelation.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
προ is a preposition meaning 'before' and is used throughout the Septuagint to indicate precedence in time or importance. It is often paired with nouns to denote various forms of priority.
The word καταβολή, meaning 'foundation,' appears in contexts related to creation and establishment, paralleling its use in the New Testament to signify the beginning of God's plan.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Peter 1:20 tells us that Christ was known and chosen by God before the world was created. This plan was revealed in the last times for the sake of believers, showing that God had a purpose for Christ's coming that was established long ago.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that God had a plan for Christ's role in salvation before the creation of the world, indicating His sovereignty and foreknowledge.
The timing shows that God's plan unfolded at the right moment in history, fulfilling His promises and purposes for humanity.
This verse supports the idea of predestination, as it indicates that God chose Christ and His role in salvation before the foundation of the world.
It emphasizes that Christ's revelation and sacrifice were intended for the benefit of believers, highlighting God's love and purpose for them.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- How does understanding God's foreknowledge impact my faith in His plans for my life?
- In what ways can I see God's hand at work in the timing of events in my life?
- What does it mean for me to live in light of Christ's revelation in the last times?
- How can I share the significance of Christ's foreknowledge and revelation with others?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early church writers reflect on the significance of Christ's foreknowledge and revelation, using this verse to argue about His eternal role in salvation.
"Listen," he said, "and understand, O ignorant man. The Son of God is older than all His creatures, so that He was a fellow-councillor with the Father in His work of creation: for this reason is He old." "And why is the gate new,Early Church Fathers on 1 Peter 1 →
"Verily foreknown before the foundation of the world." [1 Peter 1:20] Inasmuch as He was foreknown before every creature, because He was Christ.Early Church Fathers on 1 Peter 1 →
We have been predestined by God, before the world was, (to arise) in the extreme end of the times. And so we are trained by God for the purpose of chastising, and (so to say) emasculating, the world.Early Church Fathers on 1 Peter 1 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Peter 1:20 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleWho verily was foreordained,.... Or "foreknown"; that is, by God; and which intends, not barely his prescience of Christ, of what he should be, do, and suffer; but such a previous knowledge of him,
Read John Gill on 1 Peter 1 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWho verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you, God's eternal foreordination of Christ's redeeming sacrifice, and completion of it in
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Peter 1 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleWho verily was fore-ordained; by God’ s decree appointed to the work of redemption, and to be that Lamb that should take away the sins of the world, . Before the foundation of the world; from eternity; there being nothing before the world began but what was eternal, . But was manifested; not only by his incarnation, , but by the preaching of the gospel. See these Scriptures: 9:26. In these last times; last, in comparison of the times of the Old Testament; the same as the fulness of time, . For you; that you, with other believers, might partake of salvation by him. The fruit of Christ’ s redemption reacheth all ages, but much more abundantly the times after his coming in the flesh. The sum…
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Peter 1 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments20 Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you, Ver. 20. Who verily, &e.] So careful was God to make all sure concerning our redemption in Christ, saith one here.
Read John Trapp on 1 Peter 1 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(20) Who verily was foreordained.—There is a sharp contrast intended between the two clauses of this verse, and in the Greek the tenses are different. “Who had been foreknown, indeed, before the foundation of the world, but for your benefit was (only) pointed out at the end of the times.” St, Peter is returning once more to the great argument of 1 Peter 1:10-12, “Do not treat your share in the gospel liberation as if it were, at best, a piece of good luck, and so learn to despise it. Neither think of it as if Paul and Silvanus were preaching to you a novel invention at discord with the spirit of the old covenant, under which you were bred. God knew from all eternity who was to be His…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Peter 1 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 20. Who verily was foreordained] προεγνωσμενου. Foreknown; appointed in the Divine purpose to be sent into the world, because infinitely approved by the Divine justice. Before the foundation of the world] Before the law was given, or any sacrifice prescribed by it. Its whole sacrificial system was appointed in reference to this foreappointed Lamb, and consequently from him derived all its significance and virtue. The phrase καταβοληκοσμου, foundation of the world, occurs often in the New Testament, and is supposed by some learned men and good critics to signify the commencement of the Jewish state. Perhaps it may have this meaning in Matthew 13:35; Lu 11:50; Ephesians 1:4; Hebrews…
Read AdamClarke on 1 Peter 1 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges20. who verily was foreordained] Literally, foreknown, but the foreknowledge of God implies the foreordaining. Here also we note the coincidence with St Peter’s language in Acts 2:23; Acts 3:18. The Greek for “these last times” is literally the end of the times. The Apostle’s language was determined probably in part by the prophecy of Joel which he cites in Acts 2:17, in part by his belief that with the manifestation of Christ in the flesh, the last period of God’s dealings with mankind, the duration of which it was not given to him to measure, had actually begun. In the thought that the foreknowledge of God was “before the foundation of the world,” we have the very phrase which St Peter…
Read Cambridge on 1 Peter 1 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleWho verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world - That is, it was foreordained, or predetermined, that he should be the great stoning Sacrifice for sin.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Peter 1 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
He was known before the foundation of the world, but was revealed in the last times for your sake.
who was foreknown indeed before the foundation of the world, but was revealed in this last age for your sake,
He was known before the foundation of the world, but was revealed in the last times for your sake.
He was foreknown before the foundation of the world but was manifested in these last times for your sake.
Tyndale line
Who verily was foreordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifest in these last times for you,
who was foreknown indeed before the foundation of the world, but was manifested at the end of the times for your sake,
who was foreknown indeed before the foundation of the world, but was manifested at the end of the times for your sake,
Who verily was fore-ordained before the foundation of the world, but was manifested in these last times for you,
Which was ordeined before the foundation of the world, but was declared in the last times for your sakes,
Strictly literal
foreknown indeed before [the] foundation of [the] world, but who has been manifested at the end of times for your sakes,
foreknown, indeed, before the foundation of the world, and manifested in the last times because of you,
foreknown, indeed, before the foundation of the world, and revealed in the last times because of you,
Christ was chosen before the foundation of the world, but now he has been revealed to you in these last times.
From the Latin
Foreknown indeed before the foundation of the world, but manifested in the last times for you,
Simplified
He was chosen before the world was created, but he was revealed in these last days for your benefit.
Who was marked out by God before the making of the world, but was caused to be seen in these last times for you,
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the Nestle 1904 treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The earliest translations — Latin and Syriac
Every translation is an argument about meaning made by someone who had to commit to one. These two were made while the Greek was still a living language, and they are the oldest opinions we have about what this verse says.
præcogniti quidem ante mundi constitutionem, manifestati autem novissimis temporibus propter vos,
Jerome revised the Old Latin against the Greek from AD 382; the Latin west read this text for a thousand years.
ܗܘ ܕܡܩܕܡ ܗܘܐ ܦܪܝܫ ܠܗܕܐ ܡܢ ܩܕܡ ܬܪܡܝܬܗ ܕܥܠܡܐ ܘܐܬܓܠܝ ܒܐܚܪܝܬܗܘܢ ܕܙܒܢܐ ܡܛܠܬܟܘܢ
The Bible of the Syriac-speaking church, in the language nearest to the Aramaic Jesus spoke.
Shown verse by verse rather than word by word: aligning a Greek word to its Latin or Syriac counterpart automatically would be guesswork, and a wrong alignment is worse than none.
The Greek editions compared — what the manuscripts actually say
Eight printed editions of the Greek New Testament, side by side. Where they agree the wording is settled; where a word is missing from an edition it is marked, so you can see the difference rather than take it on trust.
προεγνωσμένου μὲν πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, φανερωθέντος δὲ ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτου τῶν χρόνων δι᾽ ὑμᾶς
The standard critical text of the New Testament.
προεγνωσμένου μὲν πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, φανερωθέντος δὲ ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτου τῶν χρόνων δι᾽ ὑμᾶς
The previous edition, still widely cited.
προεγνωσμένου μὲν πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, φανερωθέντος δὲ ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτου τῶν χρόνων δι᾽ ὑμᾶς
The Society of Biblical Literature edition, freely licensed.
προεγνωσμένου μὲν πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, φανερωθέντος δὲ ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτου τῶν χρόνων δι᾽ ὑμᾶς
The edition that turned scholarship toward the earliest manuscripts.
προεγνωσμένου μὲν πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, φανερωθέντος δὲ ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτου τῶν χρόνων δι᾽ ὑμᾶς
An independent critical text built from the oldest witnesses then known.
προεγνωσμένου μὲν πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, φανερωθέντος δὲ ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτου τῶν χρόνων δι᾽ ὑμᾶς
A recent critical edition following documentary evidence closely.
προεγνωσμένου μὲν πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, φανερωθέντος δὲ ἐπ᾽ — τῶν χρόνων δι᾽ ὑμᾶς
The reading of the majority of surviving manuscripts.
προεγνωσμένου μὲν πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου, φανερωθέντος δὲ ἐπ᾽ — τῶν χρόνων δι᾽ ὑμᾶς
The printed tradition behind the King James Version.
A witness that read differently would show its variant word here, marked.
Word by word, across the editions
| Word | Editions carrying it | Missing from |
|---|---|---|
| ἐσχάτου [this] last | NA28, NA27, Tyn, SBL, WH, Treg | TR, Byz |
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Greek New Testament — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Peter 1:20
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Greek lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. Imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, the full Liddell-Scott-Jones, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate LSJ, Robinson and Packard on the Greek, Webster and Cawdrey on the English the translators were using. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
προγινώσκω is a verb meaning to know beforehand or foreknow, derived from the components of 'before' and 'know.' It appears in the New Testament in contexts related to divine foreknowledge, such as Romans 8:29 and 1 Peter 1:20. The lexicons note its use in both a general and a theological sense, with some suggesting it can imply a designation to future roles or privileges.
** προ-γινώσκω,
[in LXX: Wi 6:13 8:8 18:6*;]
to know beforehand, foreknow: II Pe 3:17; c. acc. pers., Ac 26:5; of the Divine foreknowledge, Ro 8:29 11:2, I Pe 1:20.†
προ-γινώσκω; 2 aor. 3 pers. sing. προέγνω ; pf. pass. ptep. προεγνωσμένος ; to have knowledge of beforehand ; 0 foreknow : se. ταῦτα, 2 Pet. iii. 17, cf. 14, 16; τινά, Acts xXxvi. 55 ots προέγνω, whom he (God) foreknew, sc. that they would love him, or (with reference to what follows) whom he foreknew to be fit to be conformed to the likeness of his Son, Ro. viii. 29 (τῶν εἰς αὐτὸν [Χριστὸν] πιστεύειν προεγνωσμένων, Justin M. dial. c. Tr. c. 42; προγινώσκει [ὁ θεός] τινας ἐκ μετανοίας σωθήσεσθαι μέλλοντας, id. apol. i. 28); ὃν προέγνω, whose character he clearly saw beforehand, Ro. xi. [1 Lehm. in br.], 2, (against those who in the preceding passages fr. Ro. explain προγινώσκειν as meaning to predestinate, cf. Meyer, Philippi, Van Hengel); προεγνωσμένου, sc. ὑπὸ tov θεοῦ (foreknown by God, although not yet ‘made manifest’ to men), 1 Pet. i. 20. (Sap. vi. 14; viii. 8; xviii. 6; Eur.…
Read the full entry →προγινώσκω. For this verb = ‘‘ foreknow,” ‘‘ know previously,” as in the Apocrypha (Sap 6! a/.) and 2 Pet 3}7, cf. BGU IV. 11418 (B.c. 14) διὰ τὸ προεγνωκέναι (corrected from προεγνωκώς) pe περὶ τῶν ϑακτυλιδίῳων. In 1 Pet 1°° Hort (Comm. ad /.) thinks the meaning is rather ‘‘ designate before ” to a position or function, ?
προγινώσκω (proginōskō) — to know/choose.
προγιγνώσκω,
Ionic dialect and later προγεωργ-γῑνώσκω: future -γνώσομαι: Epic dialect aorist infinitive προγνώμεναι [Refs]:—know, perceive, learn, or understand beforehand, τι [same place]; τὰ στοιχεῖα [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—in Medicine texts, know before being told, declare unaided, τά τε παρεόντα καὶ τὰ προγεγονότα καὶ τὰ μέλλοντα ἔσεσθαι [Refs 5th c.BC+]
2. prognosticate, π. χειμῶνα αἱ μέλιτται [Refs 4th c.BC+]
3. foreknow, λαόν [NT]
4. with genitive, π. τῶν θεῶν learn things in advance of.., [Refs 2nd c.AD+]
II. judge beforehand, ἐς τὸ μέλλον καλὸν π. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; provide, τι [Refs 5th c.BC+] —passive, παρὰ τῷ διαιτητῇ προεγνωσμένος ἀδικεῖν judged beforehand to have done…
προγινώσκω
proginosko
from 4253 and 1097; to know beforehand, i.e. foresee:--foreknow
(ordain), know (before).
see GREEK for 4253
see GREEK for 1097
προγινώσκω
v.
I know beforehand
προγινώσκω proginōskō 5x
to know beforehand, to be previously acquainted with, Acts 26:5; 2 Pet. 3:17; to determine on beforehand, to foreordain, 1 Pet. 1:20; in NT, from the Hebrew, to foreknow, to appoint as the subject of future privileges, Rom. 8:29; 11:2*
Verb-RPP-GSM — Verb · perfect · passive · participle · genitive · singular · masculinegenitive — of, from, belonging to.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
V-RPP-GSM Part of Speech: Verb Tense: peRfect Voice: Passive Mood: Participle Case: Genitive Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
5 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 4 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 5 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
ἐκ δὲ τῆς Ἰσαχάρου φυλῆς διακόσιοι μὲν οἱ προγινώσκοντες τὰ μέλλοντα, ὁπλῖται δὲ δισμύριοι.
The Greek word μέν is a particle that typically indicates a contrast with a following clause, often paired with δέ. It can express certainty or affirmation, but is frequently left untranslated. In the New Testament, it appears in various constructions, such as ὁ μὲν ... ὁ δέ (the one ... the other) and τοῦτο μὲν ... τοῦτο δέ (partly ... partly). Its usage is less common than in classical Greek.
μέν,
conjunctive particle (originally a form of μήν), usually related to a following δέ or other adversative conjunction, and distinguishing the word or clause with which it stands from that which follows.
It is generally untranslatable and is not nearly so frequent in NT as in cl. Like δέ, it never stands first in a clause.
μέν, a weakened form of μήν, and hence properly a particle of affirmation: truly, certainly, surely, indeed, —its affirmative force being weakened, yet retained most in Ionic, Epic, and Herodotus, and not wholly lost in Attic and Hellenistic writers (μέν ‘confirmative’; ef. 4 Mace. xviii. 18). Owing to this its original meaning it adds a certain force to the terms and phrases with which it is connected, and thus contrasts them with or distinguishes ther. from others. Accordingly it takes on the character of a concessive and very often of a merely distinctive particle, which stands related to a following δέ or other adversative conjunction, either expressed or understood, and in a sentence composed of several members is so placed as to point out the first member, to which a second, marked by an adversative particle, is added or opposed. It corresponds to the Lat. quidem, indeed, Germ.…
Read the full entry →μέν, an untranslatable particle, was originally a form of μήν (g.v.). The correlation μὲν... δέ, so common in classical Greek, is largely reduced in the NT (cf. Blass Gr. p. 266 f.). For μέν solitartum, i.e. μέν followed by no contrasting particle, as in Rom 1® πρῶτον μέν, a/., cf. BGU 11. 423? (ii/A.D.) (= Selections, p. 90) πρὸ μὲν πάντων εὔχομαί oe ὑγιαίνειν καὶ διὰ παντὸς ἐρωμένον (1. ἐρρωμένον) εὐτυχεῖν," 5 γράψον μοι ἐπιστόλιον πρῶτον μὲν περὶ τῆς σωτηρίας σου, δεύτερον περὶ τῆς τῶν ἀδελφῶν pov. The combination μὲν οὖν in narrative, summing up what precedes, or introducing what follows (Ac 18, 9%, αἰ. : cf. Blass Gr. p. 273), is seen in such passages as P Petr II. 13 (19) (mid. iii/B.c.) (= Witkowski?, p. 19) μάλιστα μὲν οὖν τῆν πᾶσαν σπουδὴν πόησαι [το]ῦ ἀφεθῆναί σε διὰ τέλους, P Lille I. 26? (111,8...) (= Witkowski, p. 49) ἔγραψάς μοι περὶ τῆς εἰς τὴν σησαμείαν γῆς, μάλιστα δὲ…
Read the full entry →μέν (men) — on the other hand.
μέν,
Particle, used partly to express certainty on the part of the speaker or writer; partly, and more commonly, to point out that the word or clause with which it stands is correlative to another word or clause that is to follow, the latter word or clause being introduced by δέ.
__A
__A.I μέν used absolutely to express certainty, not followed by correlative δέ, indeed, of a truth, synonymous with μήν, as appears from the Epic dialect and Ionic dialect form ἦ μέν in protestations and oaths (where Attic dialect used ἦ μήν), καί μοι ὄμοσσον, ἦ μ. μοι πρόφρων ἔπεσιν καὶ χερσὶν ἀρήξειν [Refs 8th c.BC+]: also in Trag., ἀκτὴ μὲν ἥδε τῆς περιρρύτου χθονός [Refs 8th c.BC+]; γε μέν, compare γε [Refs]
μέν
men
a primary particle; properly, indicative of affirmation or concession
(in fact); usually followed by a contrasted clause with 1161 (this
one, the former, etc.):--even, indeed, so, some, truly, verily. Often
compounded with other particles in an intensive or asseverative sense.
see GREEK for 1161
μέν
Disj.prt.
truly, indeed
μέν men 179x
a particle serving to indicate that the term or clause with which it is used stands distinguished from another, usually in the sequel, and then mostly with δέ correspondent, Mt. 3:11; 9:39; Acts 1:1; ὁ μὲν ... ὁ δέ, this ... that, the one ... the other, Phil. 1:16, 17; one ... another, οἱ μὲν ... οἱ δέ, some ... others, Matt 22:5; ὅλλος μὲν ... ὅλλος δέ, one ... another, pl. some ... others, Matt 13:8; 21:35; ὅλλος μὲν ... ὅλλος δέ, one ... another, 1 Cor. 15:39; ὡδε μὲν ... ἐκεῖ δέ, here ... there, Heb.…
Read the full entry →μέν Particle, used to shew that the word or clause with which it stands answers to a following word or clause, which is introduced by δέ. Generally, μέν and δέ may be rendered on the one hand, on the other hand, or as well . . , as, while or whereas, but it is often necessary to leave μέν untranslated.
μέν is not always answered by δέ, but by other equiv. Particles, as ἀλλά, ἀτάρ or αὐτάρ, αὖ, αὖθις, αὖτε; also πρῶτον μέν, εἶτα Soph.; πρῶτον μέν, ἔπειτα id. Soph.; πρῶτον μέν, μετὰ τοῦτο Xen.
the answering clause with δέ is sometimes left to be supplied, ὡς μὲν λέγουσι as indeed they say, (but as I believe not), Eur.; this isolated μέν is often a Pron., ἐγὼ μὲν οὐκ οἶδα I for my part, (whatever others may say), Xen.; οὗτος μέν Plat.
Read the full entry →Particle — Particleparticle — a small word colouring the clause; it does not decline.
PRT PaRTicle, disjunctive particle
194 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 6 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 180 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Every reference is on the Strong's page.
Τῶν ἄλλων νομοθετῶν οἱ μὲν ἀκαλλώπιστα καὶ γυμνὰ τὰ νομισθέντα παρ’ αὐτοῖς εἶναι δίκαια διετάξαντο, οἱ δὲ πολὺν ὄγκον τοῖς νοήμασι προσπεριβαλόντες ἐξετύφωσαν τὰ πλήθη μυθικοῖς πλάσμασι τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐπικρύψαντες.
ὅπως Ἅβραμος ὁ πρόγονος ἡμῶν ἐξελθὼν ἐκ τῆς Χαλδαίων γῆς κατέσχε τὴν τότε μὲν Χαναναίαν νῦν δὲ Ἰουδαίαν λεγομένην.
Μεγάλων μὲν ὄντων καὶ πλουσίων τῶν τοῦ θεοῦ δικαιωμάτων εἰς ὑμᾶς, ὑπέρ τι καὶ καθ̓ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπερευφραίνομαι ἐπὶ τοῖς μακαρίοις καὶ ἐνδόξοις ὑμῶν πνεύμασιν: οὕτως ἔμφυτον τῆς δωρεᾶς πνευματικῆς χάριν εἰλήφατε.
ἐν ἀρούραις ἑπτὰ καὶ τοῦ προσόντος χαλάσματος ἐν σφραγῖσι δυσίν , ὧν γείτονες μιᾶς μὲν νότου γῆ Πατήφιος, βορρᾶ γῆ Πακοίβιος διὰ τῶν Φίβιος υἱῶν, ἀπηλιώτου ὁδὸς βασιλική, λιβὸς
παρὰ Πανοβχούνιος τοῦ Τοτόηους ἐν τῷ ιε ἔτει Παῦνι γ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀρχείου, μιᾶς μὲν ἐν τῷ ἀπὸ λιβὸς πεδίωι, γείτονες· νότου γῆ Πατοῦτος τοῦ Φίβιος, βορρᾶ γῆ Πελαίου
πεδίωι Παθύρεως σφραγίδων τριῶν , ἣν καὶ αὐτὸς ἐωνήσατο παρὰ Πα-νᾶτος τοῦ Πατῆτος, μιᾶς μὲν γείτονες νότου γῆ Πατήφιος τοῦ Πεμσάϊος βορρᾶ γῆ Πακοίβιος ἧς κρατοῦσιν οἱ Φίβιος τοῦ
The Greek word πρό (pro) is a preposition meaning 'before' and is used with the genitive case. It covers various contexts, including spatial (in front of), temporal (prior to), and preferential (above or rather than). In the New Testament, it appears in verses like Matthew 11:10 and John 12:1. Notably, it can also indicate a sense of superiority or preeminence.
πρό, a prep. foll. by the Genitive, (Lat. pro), [fr. Hom. down], Sept. chiefly for +339, before; used a. of Place: πρὸ τῶν θυρῶν, τῆς θύρας, ete., Acts y. 23 RG; xii. 6, 14; xiv. 13; Jas.v.9; by a Hebraism, πρὸ προσώmov with the gen. of a pers. before (the face of) one (who is following) [B. 319 (274)]: Mt. xi. 10; Mk.i. 2; Lk.i. 76; vil. 27; ix.52; x.1, (Mal. iii. 1; Zech. xiv. 20; Deut. iii. 18). Ὁ. of Time: πρὸ τούτων τῶν ἡμερῶν, Acts ν. 86; xxi. 38; [πρὸ τοῦ πάσχα, Jn. xi.55]; ace.toalater Greek idiom, πρὸ ἐξ ἡμερῶν τοῦ πάσχα, prop. before six days reckoning from the Passover, which is equiv. to ἕξ ἡμέρας πρὸ τοῦ πάσχα, on the sixth day before the Passover, Jn. xii. 1 (πρὸ δύο ἐτῶν τοῦ σεισμοῦ, Am.i.1; πρὸ μιᾶς ἡμέρας τῆς Μαρδοχαϊκῆς ἡμέρας, 2 Mace. xv. 36; exx. fr. prof. writ. are cited by W. 557 (518) ; [οῇ. B. 8181, 11]; fr. eccles. writ. by Hilgenfeld, Die Evangelien ete. pp…
Read the full entry →πρό is found 48 times in the NT, including 9 times with the articular inf., and always c. gen. (1) For the Zoca/ use “" before,”’ “‘ in front of,” which is rare in the NT (Ac}, Jas!), we may cite P Petr II. 45111-. 24 (B.c. 246) (= III. p. 334) πρὸ [τῆς πύλης] ὅδον ἐξήνεγκαν, and OGIS 50'* (mid. iii/B.c.) ἀναθεῖναι πρὸ τοῦ ved τοῦ Διονύgov. We have found no instances in our sources of the Hebraizing πρὸ προσώπου (Mt 111° (from LXX), Lk 9%), but for mpd ὀφθαλμῶν (2 Macc 817, 3 Macc 44) cf. BGU II. 302 8 (A.D. 215) πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν θέμενος [τ]ὰ κελευσθέντα, similarly Aristeas 284, and OG/S 2108 (c, A.b. 247) πρὸ ὀφθαλμῶν ἔχουσι τὰ περὶ τούτου κελευσθέντα : see Deissmann 2.44, p. 183f. The thought of preference, as in Jas 512, τ Pet 4°, appears in the common epistolary phrase πρὸ mavtay—P Oxy II. 294°° (A.D. 22) πρ]ὸ μὲν πάντων σεαυτοῦ ἐπιμέλου εἵν᾽ ὑ[γιαίνῃς, 2. 2921! (c. A.D. 25) πρὸ δὲ…
Read the full entry →πρό (pro) — before.
πρό,
before, forth:
__A PREP. WITH GENIT.:
__A.I of Place, before, in front of, ἠγερέθοντο π. ἄστεος [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔμπροσθε π. (variant) τῆς ἀκροπόλιος, ὄπισθε δὲ τῶν πυλέων [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. δόμων, π. δωμάτων, in front of, i.e. outside the house, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τὴν π. τοῦ Ἡραίου νῆσον before or off the Heraeum, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; π. χειρῶν at hand, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__A.I.2 with Vbs. of motion, π. δ᾽ ἄρ᾽ αὐτῶν κύνες ἤϊσαν [Refs 8th c.BC+]
__A.I.3 before, in front of, for the purpose of shielding or guarding, π. Τρώων ἑσταότ᾽ [Refs 8th c.BC+]: hence, in defence of, μάχεσθαι.. π. τε παίδων καὶ π. γυναικῶν [Refs 5th c.BC+]; ὀλέσθαι π. πόληος, Latin pro patria mori, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; π. τοξευμάτων as a defence against…
πρό
pro
a primary preposition; "fore", i.e. in front of, prior (figuratively,
superior) to:--above, ago, before, or ever. In the comparative, it
retains the same significations.
πρό
Prep.
before
πρό before, Lat. prae:
PREP. WITH GENIT.:
of Place, before, in front of, πρὸ ἄστεος, πρὸ πυλάων Hom.; οὐρανόθι πρό Il.; χωρεῖν πρὸ δόμων to come out in front of, Soph.
before, in front of, for the purpose of shielding or guarding, στῆναι πρὸ Τρώων Il.:— in defence of, for, μάχεσθαι πρὸ γυναικῶν id. Il.; ὀλέσθαι πρὸ πόληος, Lat. pro patria mori, id. Il.
πρὸ ὁδοῦ further on the road, i. e. forwards, onward, Il.: (hence φροῦδος).
of Time, before, πρὸ γάμοιο Od.; πρὸ ὁ τοῦ ( = ὁ πρὸ τοῦ) ἐνόησεν one before the other, Il.; πρὸ τοῦ θανάτου Plat., etc.; πρὸ πολλοῦ long before, Hdt.; τὸ πρὸ τούτου before this, before, Thuc.; πρὸ τοῦ (often written προτοῦ) before, Hdt., attic
Prep — Prepositionpreposition — its sense depends on the case of the word it governs.
PREP PREPosition
be-for': The translation of a great variety of Hebrew and Greek words. "Haran died before (the English Revised Version "in the presence of," literally "before the face of") his father Terah" (Ge 11:28). To be "before" God is to enjoy His favor (Ps 31:22). "The Syrians before" (Isa 9:12 the Revised Version, margin "on the east," as "behind," owing to the position of Canaan, relative to Syria, implies the west).
47 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 4 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 47 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Counted over the 143 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
χρόνος γὰρ οὐκ ἦν πρὸ κόσμου, ἀλλ’ ἢ σὺν αὐτῷ γέγονεν ἢ μετ’ αὐτόν·
γέγονε γὰρ πρὸ ἐτῶν δισχιλίων, ἐφʼ ὅσον πλῆθος αἰῶνος οὐδʼ αὐτῶν οἱ ποιηταὶ τὰς γενέσεις τῶν θεῶν, μήτι γε τὰς τῶν ἀνθρώπων πράξεις ἢ τοὺς νόμους ἀνενεγκεῖν ἐτόλμησαν.
πρὸ τοῦ ἡμᾶς πιστεῦσαι τῷ θεῷ ἦν ἡμῶν τὸ κατοικητήριον τῆς καρδίας φθαρτὸν καὶ ἀσθενές, ὡς ἀληθῶς οἰκοδομητὸς ναὸς διὰ χειρός, ὅτι ἦν πλήρης μὲν εἰδωλολατρείας καὶ ἦν οἶκος δαιμονίων διὰ τὸ ποιεῖν, ὅσα ἦν ἐναντία τῷ θεῷ,
εὐχαριστοῦντες ὅτι οἰκονομήσω περὶ τῶν χαλκῶν τῶν ὀφειλομένων ἡμῖν, καὶ νῦν δὲ καλῶς ποιήσεις πρὸ τοῦ Διότιμον ἀναπλεῦσαι φροντίσας ὅπως ἂν εἰς τοὺς ἐνοφειλομένους χαλκοῦς κομίσηι ὃ ἄν ποτέ
κώμης καθέσταται Πατσεοῦς Πατῆτος ὁ τὴν ἐντολὴν ἐπιδεικνὺς χειρογραφήσας ὡς εἴθισται καὶ διαστολὴν λαβὼν προ
ἐν Πηλουσίωι θεοῖς. καλῶς ποιήσεις διαλύσας Ἁρκοννῆσιν καὶ Ψενανοῦπιν καὶ … … ελθεῖν ἐπὶ προ … ους καὶ γραψάτωσαν ἡμῖν ὑπὲρ ὧν ἐσπούδασας διὰ τὰς ἡμῶν παρακλήσεις καὶ ση
The Greek word καταβολή (katabole) is derived from the verb καταβάλλω and generally means a laying down or foundation. It encompasses concepts such as the act of sowing or depositing, particularly in relation to conception, as seen in Hebrews 11:11. The term is used metaphorically in the New Testament to refer to foundational aspects of the world, appearing in verses like Matthew 13:35 and Ephesians 1:4.
** κατα-βολή, -ῆς, ἡ
(< καταβάλλω),
[in LXX: II Mac 2:29*;]
a laying down: εἰς κ. σπέρματος, He 11:11 (EV, to conceive seed).
κατα-βολή, -ῆς, ἡ, (καταβάλλω, q. V-); ing or laying down: τοῦ σπέρματος (sc. εἰς τὴν μήτραν), the injection or depositing of the virile semen in the womb, Leian. amor. 19; Galen, aphorism. iv. § 1; of the seed of animals and plants, Philo de opif. mund. §§ 22, 45; σπέρματα τὰ εἰς γῆν ἢ μήτραν καταβαλλόμενα, Antonin. 4, 36; accordingly many interpret the words Σάρρα δύναμιν eis καταβολὴν σπέρματος ἔλαβε in Heb. xi. 11, she received power to conceive seed. But since it belongs to the male καταβάλλειν τὸ σπέρμα, not to the female, this interpretation cannot stand [ (ace. to the reading of WH mre. αὐτῇ Σάρρᾳ, Abr. remains the subj. of AaBev; but see 2 below)]; οἵ. Bleek [and, on the other side, Kurtz] ad loc. 2. a founding (laying down a foundation): eis καταβ. σπέρματος, to found a posterity, Heb. xi. 11 [but ef. above] (τυραννίδος, Polyb. 13, 6, 2; dua τῇ πρώτῃ καταβολῇ τῶν ἀνθρώπων…
Read the full entry →καταβολή. Like its verb (see s.v. καταβάλλω) this noun is frequently found in the sense of ‘‘ payment,”’ e.g. P Par 62¥- 18 (c. B.C. 170) τῶν St καταβολῶν σύμβολα λαμβανέτωσαν παρὰ τοῦ τραπεζίτου, BGU IV. 1135® (prob. B.c. 10) τῇ μην[ιαίᾳ κ]αταβολῇ, P Lond 1171 verso! (A.D. 42) (= III. p. 106) is καταβολὴν τῷ ἐγλήμπτορι τοῦ μέλιτος καὶ κηροῦ, P Strass I. 26! (iv/a.D.) ἡ γὰρ προθεσμία τῆς καταβολῆς συνέστηκεν. See also P Eleph 23'8 (B.C. 223--2) with reference to land ἔχειν pe ταύτης προσβολὴν καὶ κατ[α]βολήν, ἃ καὶ ἐπιδέδειχά σοι. With the noun in Heb 11" cf. καταβολαῖος used of a “‘ store-place,”” P Fay 110% % (A.D. 94).
καταβολή (katabolē) — beginning.
καταβολ-ή, ἡ,
throwing down: hence, sowing, [Refs]; especially of begetting, κ. σπέρματος, σπερμάτων, [NT+5th c.BC+]; ἡ Ῥωμύλου σπορὰ καὶ κ. [Refs 1st c.AD+]
__b congenital defect, ἀπὸ ξυγγενικῆς αἰτίας καὶ κ. [Refs 1st c.AD+]
__c Astrology texts, nativity, ἡ ἐξ ἀρχῆς κ. [Refs 2nd c.AD+]
2. paying down, especially by instalments, καταβάλλειν τὰς κ. [Refs 4th c.BC+]; τὸ ἀργύριον ἔφερε καταβολὴν τῇ πόλει paid money as a deposit (by way of caution),[Refs 2nd c.BC+], etc.; ἔχειν τῆς γῆς.. καταβολήν liability for rent, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: plural, instalments, [Refs 3rd c.AD+]
II. laying of a foundation: hence, building, structure, [LXX+3rd c.BC+]
καταβολή
katabole
from 2598; a deposition, i.e. founding; figuratively,
conception:--conceive, foundation.
see GREEK for 2598
καταβολή, ῆς, ἡ
n.f.
a foundation, depositing, sowing
καταβολή katabolē 11x
pr. a casting down; laying the foundation, foundation; beginning, commencement, Mt. 13:35; 25:34; conception in the womb, Heb. 11:11
καταβολή καταβολή, ἡ, καταβάλλω a throwing or laying down, NTest.
metaph.,
a foundation, beginning, Pind., NTest.
a paying down, by instalments, Dem.
a periodical attack of illness, a fit, access, Plat.
Noun-GSF — Noun · genitive · singular · femininegenitive — of, from, belonging to.
Agrees with anything else marked singular feminine.
N-GSF Part of Speech: Noun Case: Genitive Number: Singular Gender: Feminine
foun-da'-shun:
In Hebrew the words for "foundation" are mostly derivatives from yacadh, "to found," and in Greek two words are used: one, katabole, of "foundation of the world" (Mr 13:35; 15:34; Lu 11:50; Joh 17:24, etc.); the other, themelios, of the foundation of a building (Lu 6:48,49; 14:29; Ac 16:26, etc.), in which sense it is also used metaphorically in various connections (Christ the foundation of the church, 1Co 3:11; or the apostles and prophets the foundation, with Christ as corner-stone, Eph 2:20; the…
11 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 3 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 11 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
ὡς γάρ, οἶμαι, καταβολὴ πυρετοῦ νόσος ἐστὶν οὐ μέρους ἀλλ’ ὅλου σώματος, οὕτως ὅλης τῆς ψυχῆς ἀρρώστημά ἐστι κακία.
Ὑποστησάμενοι τοίνυν ποιήσασθαι τὴν τράπεζαν δύο μὲν καὶ ἡμίσους πηχῶν τὸ μῆκος, ἑνὸς δὲ τὸ εὖρος, τὸ δʼ ὕψος ἑνὸς καὶ ἡμίσους, κατεσκεύαζον ἐκ χρυσοῦ τὴν ὅλην τοῦ ἔργου καταβολὴν ποιούμενοι.
ἔτι δὲ καὶ τοῦτο, ἀδελφοί μου: εἰ ὁ κύριος ὑπέμεινεν παθεῖν περὶ τῆς ψυχῆς ἡμῶν, ὢν παντὸς τοῦ κόσμου κύριος ᾧ εἶπεν ὁ θεὸς ἀπὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου: Ποιήσωμεν ἄνθρωπον κατ̓ εἰκόνα καὶ καθ̓ ὁμοίωσιν ἡμετέραν: πῶς οὖν ὑπέμεινεν ὑπὸ χειρὸς ἀνθρώπων παθεῖν;
κατʼ ἔτος εἰς λόγον πυροῦ ἀρτάβας ω καὶ ἀργυρίου δραχμὰς Αφ. καὶ ἐν τῆι καταβολῇ ἀνέγκλητοι μέχρι τοῦ νῦν γεγονότες, διὰ δὲ τὸ μηδὲν ὀφείλειν ἐπεφθονημένοι ὑπό τινων ἐκ
παντὸς κατʼ ἔτος σύνπαντι λόγῳ ἀργυρίου δραχμῶν διακοσίων ἑξήκοντα τεσσάρων , ὧν καὶ τὴν καταβολὴν ποιησόμεθα κατὰ μῆνα ἕκαστον ταῖς ι κ λ τὸ αἱροῦν ἐξ ἴσου, τῶν εἰς
πόλεως, ἀντίγραφον· ε ἔτους Αὐτοκράτορος Καίσαρος Τραιανοῦ Ἁδριανοῦ σεβαστοῦ διέγραψαν Εἰρηναῖος καὶ Ἥρων πράκτορες καταβολῇ μεθʼ ἕτερα, καὶ Ἐπεὶφ ιγ εἰς ἀρίθμησιν Παχὼν ἀργυρίου δραχμὰς τρισχιλίας· γίνονται δραχμαὶ Γ·
κόσμος (kosmos) is derived from a root meaning 'order' or 'decoration.' It encompasses a range of meanings from 'ornament' to 'the universe' and 'mankind.' In the New Testament, it refers to the material world, human society, and worldly affairs, with verses such as 1 Peter 3:3 highlighting its use for adornment. The term also carries ethical connotations, often contrasting the godly with the ungodly.
Κόσμος our Translators have rendered ‘ world’ in every instance but one (1 Pet. iii. 3); αἰών often, though by no means invariably so; for (not to speak of εἰς αἰῶνα) see Ephes. ii. 2, 7; Col.i. 26. It may be a question whether we might not have made more use of ‘age’ in our Version: we have employed it but rarely,—only, indeed, in the two places which I have cited last. ‘Age’ may sound to us inadequate now: but it is quite possible that, so used, it would little by little have expanded and adapted itself to the larger meaning of the Greek word for which it stood. One must regret that, by this or some other like device, our Translators did not mark the difference between κόσμος (=mundus), the world contemplated under aspects of space, and αἰών (=seculum), the same contemplated under aspects of time; for the Latin, no less than the Greek, has two words, where we have, or have acted as…
Read the full entry →κόσμος, -ου, ὃ; 1. in Grk. writ. fr. Hom. down, an apt and harmonious arrangement or constitution, order. 2. asin Grk. writ. fr. Hom. down, ornament, decoration, adornment: évdicews ἱματίων, 1 Pet. iii. 3 (Sir. vi. 30; xxi. 21; 2 Mace. ii. 2: Sept. for nay of the arrangement of the stars, ‘the heavenly hosts,’ as the ornament of the heavens, Gen. ii. 1; Deut. iv. 19; xvii. 3; Is. xxiv. 21; xl. 26; besides occasionally for “y; twice for NINDA, Prov. xx. 29; Is. iii. 19). 3. the world, i. e. the universe (quem κόσμον Graeci nomine ornamenti appellarunt, eum nos a perfecta absolutaque elegantia mundum, Plin. h. n. 2, 3; in which sense Pythagoras is said to have been the first to use the word, Plut. de place. philos. 2, 1, 1 p. 886 ¢.; but ace. to other accounts he used it of the heavens, Diog. L. 8, 48, of which it is used several times also by other Grk. writ. [see Menag. on Diog.…
Read the full entry →κόσμος. Interesting exx. of ὁ κόσμος, ‘‘ the world,” are afforded by OG/S 4583 (c. B.C. 9) (= Priene 105), where the birthday of the divine Augustus is referred to as the beginning of good news to the world—ptev δὲ τῶι κόσμωι τῶν δι᾽ αὐτὸν εὐανγελίζων ἡ γενέθλιος] τοῦ θεοῦ, and Sy// 376%! where, on the occasion of the proclamation of the freedom of all the Greeks at the Isthmian games in a.D. 67, the Emperor Nero is described as 6 τοῦ παντὸς κόσμου κύριος Νέρων. With the hyperbolical usage in Rom 15. we may compare a sepulchral inscr, from Egypt, in which a certain Seratus states that he lies between mother and brother—éy καὶ ἡ σωφροσύνη κατὰ τὸν κόσμον λελάληται (Archiv ν. p. 169, No. 245): see also P Lond 98110 (iv/a.p.) (= III. p. 242, Chrest. I. p. 157) ἡ yap εὐφημία σου, πάτερ, περιεκύκλωσεν τὸν κ[όσ]μον ὅλον ὡς ἀγαθὸν marépa—a letter to a bishop. Other exx. of the word are ΟΟ 15…
Read the full entry →κόσμος (kosmos) — world.
κόσμος, ὁ,
order, κατὰ κόσμον in order, duly, εὖ κατὰ κ. [Refs 8th c.BC+]; οὐ κατὰ κ. shamefully, [Refs 8th c.BC+] to sit in order, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; κ. φέρειν bear becomingly, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κόσμῳ οὐδενὶ κοσμηθέντες in no sort of order, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; φεύγειν, ἀπιέναι οὐδενὶ κ., [Refs], etc.; ἀτάκτως καὶ οὐδενὶ κ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]; οὐκέτι τὸν αὐτὸν κ. no longer in the same order, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: generally, of things, natural order, γίνεται τῶν τεταρταίων ἡ κατάστασις ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κ. [Refs 5th c.BC+]
2. good order, good behaviour [Refs 5th c.BC+]; κ. χείρ, of a beggar, [Refs 2nd c.AD+]; κοῖλος μήν short month, [Refs 4th c.BC+]; ἐξηγεομένων.. τὸν κ. αὐτοῦ the…
κόσμος
kosmos
probably from the base of 2865; orderly arrangement, i.e. decoration;
by implication, the world (in a wide or narrow sense, including its
inhabitants, literally or figuratively (morally)):--adorning, world.
see GREEK for 2865
κόσμος, ου, ὁ
n.m.
the world, universe
κόσμος kosmos 186x
(1) pr. order, regular disposition; ornament, decoration, embellishment, 1 Pet. 3:3; (2) the world, the material universe, Mt. 13:35; the world, the aggregate of sensitive existence, 1 Cor. 4:9; the lower world, the earth, Mk. 16:15; the world, the aggregate of mankind, Mt. 5:14; the world, the public, Jn. 7:4; in NT the present order of things, the secular world, Jn. 18:36; the human race external to the Jewish nation, the heathen world, Read the full entry →
κόσμος κόσμος, ου, order, κόσμῳ and κατὰ κόσμον in order, duly, Il., etc.; μὰψ ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον id. Il.; οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ in no sort of order, Hdt., attic
good order, good behaviour, decency, Aesch., Dem.
the form, fashion of a thing, Od., Hdt.
of states, order, government, Hdt., Thuc.
an ornament, decoration, embellishment, dress, Il., etc.; esp. of women, Lat. mundus muliebris, id. Il., Hes., etc.:—in pl. ornaments, Aesch., etc.
metaph. honour, credit, Hdt., Soph., etc.
a regulator, title of the chief magistrate in Crete, Arist.
the world or universe, from its perfect order, Lat. mundus, Plat., etc.
mankind, as we use "the world," NTest.
Noun-GSM — Noun · genitive · singular · masculinegenitive — of, from, belonging to.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
N-GSM Part of Speech: Noun Case: Genitive Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
The earth on which we dwell, 1Sa 2:8; its inhabitants, Joh 3:16, or a large number of them, Joh 12:19. In several places it is equivalent to "land," meaning the Roman Empire, or Judea and its vicinity, Lu 2:1 4:3 Ac 11:28. It also denotes the objects and interests of time and sense, Ga 6:14 1Jo 2:15.
→ See EARTH
187 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 4 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 185 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Every reference is on the Strong's page.
Counted over the 24 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
ἡ δ’ ἀρχή, καθάπερ ἔφην, ἐστὶ θαυμασιωτάτη κοσμοποιίαν περιέχουσα, ὡς καὶ τοῦ κόσμου τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τοῦ νόμου τῷ κόσμῳ συνᾴδοντος καὶ τοῦ νομίμου ἀνδρὸς εὐθὺς ὄντος κοσμοπολίτου πρὸς τὸ βούλημα τῆς φύσεως τὰς πράξεις ἀπευθύνοντος, καθ’ ἣν καὶ ὁ σύμπας…
ἡ τοῦ κόσμου σύστασις καὶ διάταξις τῶν στοιχείων.
ὁ κύριος ἀπροσωπολήμπτως κρινεῖ τὸν κόσμον.
τοῦ κόσμου φυλάξας … … βοηθείας υ … … … ον … δὲ καὶ τοῦ μηδενα
τῶν ἐξ ἀμφοτέρων τέκνων μέρη δύο ἀκολούθως τῇ τῶν … ων γνώμῃ παρέξ γυναικείου κόσμου, ἐφʼ ὃν χρόνον περίεστι ὁ εἷς καὶ ἕκαστος αὐτῶν ὁλοσχερῆ ἐξουσίαν πωλεῖν ὑποτίθεσθαι χρᾶσθαι
δὲ δυσὶ θυγατρᾶσι Ταορσενούφι καὶ Τεφορσάϊτι, χωρὶς οὗ προφέρεται κατεσκευακέναι αὐταῖς χρυσοῦ καὶ ἀργύρου κόσμου καὶ ἱματισμοῦ, δοῦναι εἰς θαλλισμοῦ λόγον ἑκάστῃ ἀργυρίου δραχμὰς ε … , πρὸς τοὺς
φανερόω is a verb meaning to make visible, clear, or known, derived from the root φανερός. It covers a range of meanings from revealing something hidden to making oneself known, particularly in the context of Christ's manifestation (e.g., John 2:11, 1 John 3:2). The entries indicate that it can be used both actively and passively, with references throughout the New Testament.
φανερόω, -ώ
[in LXX: Je 40 (33):6 (גּלה pi.) * ;]
to make visible, clear, manifest or known: c. acc rei, Jo 2:11 17:6, Ro 1:19, I Co 4:5, II Co 2:14 11:6, Col 4:4, Tit 1:3; pass., Mk 4:22, Jo 3:21 9:3, Ro 3:21 16:26, II Co 4:10, 11, Eph 5:13, Col 1:26, II Ti 1:10, Read the full entry →
φανερόω, -@; fut. φανερώσω ; 1 aor. ἐφανέρωσα; Pass., pres. φανεροῦμαι ; pf. πεφανέρωμαι; 1 aor. ἐφανερώθην; 1 fut. φανερωθήσομαι ; (φανερός) ; to make manifest or visibie or known what has been hidden or unknown, to of the | pavepow manifest, whether by words, or deeds, or in any other way; a. with an ace. of the thing: pass., Mk. iv. 22; Eph. v. 13; Rev. iii. 18; τὰ ἔργα τινός, pass. Jn. iii. 21; with ἔν τινι added, Jn. ix. 3; τὴν δόξαν αὐτοῦ, of Christ, Jn. ii. 11; sc. τὴν γνῶσιν, 2 Co. xi.6 LT Tr WH; τὰς βουλὰς τῶν καρδιῶν, of God as judge, 1 Co. iv. 5; τὴν ὀσμὴν τῆς γνώσεως αὐτοῦ bt ἡμῶν ἐν παντὶ τύπῳ, 2 Co. ii. 14; τὴν σπουδὴν ὑμῶν ἐνώπιον τοῦ θεοῦ, pass. 2 Co. vii. 12; τὴν ζωὴν τοῦ ᾿Ιησοῦ ἐν τῷ σώματι, ἐν τῇ θνητῇ σαρκί, pass. 2 Co. iv. 10 84. ; χάρις τοῦ θεοῦ φανερωθεῖσα διὰ τῆς ἐπιφανείας τοῦ Χριστοῦ, 2 Tim. 1. 10; pass. used of something hitherto non-existent but now made…
Read the full entry →φανερόω, ““make clear,” ‘make known”: P Goodsp Cairo 1.519 (A.D. 362) ἐφανέρωσα τῇ μονῇ Kal τῷ Bonde [το]ῦ πραιποσίτου, “1 have made known both to the establishment of the praepfosttus and to his assistant” (Ed.). See also the Christian prayer P Oxy VI. 9254 (v/vi Α. Ὁ.) (= Selections, Ρ- 131) ὃ θ(εδὴς. . . φανέρωσόν μοι τὴν παρὰ σοὶ ἀλήθιαν εἰ βούλῃ με ἀπελθεῖν εἰς Χιούτ, ““Ο God, reveal to me thy truth, whether it be thy will that I go to Chiout” (Edd.).
φανερόω (phaneroō) — to reveal.
φᾰνερ-όω,
make manifest, σεαυτὸν τῷ κόσμῳ [NT]; reveal, make clear, τινὶ τὴν ἀλήθειαν [Refs 5th c.AD+]; ἀληθῆ πεφανέρωται have been demonstrated, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
II. make known or famous, [Refs 1st c.BC+]:—passive, become so, ἐφανερώθη ἐς τοὺς Ἕλληνας δαπάνῃσι μεγίστῃσι [Refs 5th c.BC+]
φανερόω
phaneroo
from 5318; to render apparent (literally or figuratively):--appear,
manifestly declare, (make) manifest (forth), shew (self).
see GREEK for 5318
φανερόω
v.
I make clear, visible, or manifest
φανερόω phaneroō 49x
to bring to light, to set in a clear light; to manifest, display, Jn. 2:11; 7:4; 9:3; to show, Rom. 1:19; 2 Cor. 7:12; to declare, make known, Jn. 17:6; to disclose, Mk. 4:22; 1 Cor. 4:5; Col. 4:4; to reveal, Rom. 3:21; 16:26; Col. 1:26; to present to view, Jn. 21:1, 14; pass. to make an appearance, Read the full entry →
φανερόω φα^νερόω, φυτ. -ώσω φανερός to make manifest, NTest.
to make known or famous:—Pass. to become so, Hdt.
Verb-APP-GSM — Verb · aorist · passive · participle · genitive · singular · masculinegenitive — of, from, belonging to.
Agrees with anything else marked singular masculine.
V-APP-GSM Part of Speech: Verb Tense: Aorist Voice: Passive Mood: Participle Case: Genitive Number: Singular Gender: Masculine
47 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 33 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 49 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
εἰ δὲ ζητοῦσα εὑρήσεις θεόν, ἄδηλον, πολλοῖς γὰρ οὐκ ἐφανέρωσεν ἑαυτόν, ἀλλ’ ἀτελῆ τὴν σπουδὴν ἄχρι παντὸς ἔσχον·
πάντα δὲ ἀνίχνευέν τε καὶ πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφὸν μειζόνως ἐκδεινοῦσα ἀπεσήμαινεν συνόδους τε κρυπτὰς καὶ πότους βουλευτήριά τε ἀφανῶς κατεσκευασμένα, ὧν μὴ ἐπʼ ὀλέθρῳ τῷ ἐκείνου συντιθεμένων κἂν πεφανερῶσθαι μὴ κεκωλῦσθαι.
οἱ προφῆται, ἀπ̓ αὐτοῦ ἔχοντες τὴν χάριν, εἰς αὐτὸν ἐπροφήτευσαν: αὐτὸς δέ, ἵνα καταργήσῃ τὸν θάνατον καὶ τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν δείξῃ, ὅτι ὲν σαρκὶ ἕδει αὐτὸν φανερωθῆναι, ὑπέμεινεν,
γεγηρακότα εἰμὶ γὰρ ὅλων ὀγδοήκοντα καὶ τριῶν ἐτῶν καὶ τὰ δόξαντα τῷ μεγέθει αὐτοῦ φανερωθῆναι ὑμῖν ἐποίησα πρὸ πολλοῦ μὲν ἔτι ἄνωθεν καὶ νῦν δὲ διὰ στρατηγικοῦ ὑπηρέτου, ἀλλὰ
τοῦ διασημοτάτου ἐπάρχου τῆς Αἰγύπτου Φλαουίου Ὑγίνου … γραμμάτια δι … … … ἀξιῶν φανερωθῆναι τοῖς ἑξῆς δανεισταῖς, ἵνʼ εἰδῶσι τὰ κεκελευσμένα καὶ τούτοις ἐξακολουθήσωσιν. εἰσὶ δέ·
τόμου δ. ἕως τούτων τὸ ἴσον. διευτύχει. ὑπατείας τῆς προκειμένης Μεχεὶρ κ. Ὡριγένης ἐπιδέδωκα. ἐφανέρωσα τῷ ἐνγεγραμμένῳ διὰ Νεκῆτος ὑπηρέτου Μεχεὶρ εἰκάδι
δέ (de) is a post-positive particle in Greek, primarily used as a conjunction to connect clauses. It can express contrast (but, on the other hand) or continuation (and, also), and is often used to transition between ideas or to add emphasis. In the New Testament, it appears frequently in various contexts, such as contrasting statements or resuming interrupted discourse, with notable examples in Matthew and 2 Corinthians.
δέ (before vowels δ’; on the general neglect of the elision in NT, v. WH, App., 146; Tdf., Pr., 96),
post-positive conjunctive particle;
copulative, but, in the next place, and, now (Abbott, JG, 104): Mt 1:2ff., II Co 6:15, 16, II Pe 1:5-7; in repetition for emphasis, Ro 3:21, 22, 9:30, I Co 2:6, Ga 2:2, Phl 2:8; in transition to something new, Mt 1:18 2:19, Lk 13:1, Jo 7:14, Ac 6:1, Read the full entry →
δέ (related to δή, as μέν to μήν, ef. Klotz ad Devar. ii. 2 p. 355), a particle adversative, distinctive, disjunctive, but, moreover, (W.§ 53, 7 and 10, 2); it is much more freq. in the historical parts of the N. T. than in the other books, very rare in the Epp. of John and the Apocalypse. {On its general neglect of elision (when the next word begins with a vowel) cf. Tdf. Proleg. p. 96; WH. App. Ῥ 146; W.§5,1a.; B. p.10sq.] It is used ἘΠ ΟἹ δὲ univ. by way of opposition and distinction; it is added to statements opp. to a preceding statement: ἐὰν yap ἀφῆτε... ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀφῆτε, Mt. vi. 14 sq.; ἐὰν de ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς κτλ. Mt. vi. 23; ἐλεύσονται δὲ ἡμέραι, Mk. ii. 20; it opposes persons to persons or things previously mentioned or thought of, —either with strong emphasis: ἐγὼ δέ, Mt. v. 22, 28, 32, 34, 39,44; ἡμεῖς de, 1 Co. i. 23; 2 Co. x. 13; σὺ δέ, Mt. vi. 6; ὑμεῖς δέ, Mk. viii. 29; of δὲ…
Read the full entry →δεῖ. For the conjunctive, as in Mt 26%, cf. P Fay 109° (early i/A.D.) ἐάν σε δῇ (for δέῃ) τὸ εἱμάτιόν σου θεῖναι ἐνέχυρον. “even if you have to pawn your cloak” (Edd.). In P Tebt I. 585° (B.c. 111) we have ἐάν followed by the indicative— ἐὰν δεῖ σε συνπεσεῖν τῶι ᾿Ανικήτωι, σύνπεσαι, ‘if you must meet Anicetus, meet him” (Edd.): cf. Mayser G7. p. 325. Other examples of the verb are l’ Par 461® (B.C. 153) διὸ Kal ἡγούμενος δεῖν ἐπ᾿ ἄλλου μὲν μηθενὸς αὐτῶι διακριθῆναι» P Lille I. 267 (iii.B.c.) περὶ (corr. from πεερὶ) δὲ τούτου τοῦ μέρους δεήσει ἐπισχεῖν, P Tebt 11. 3414 (A.p. 140-1) δεήσι ἐπισταλῆναι εἰς δάνε[ι]α σπέρματα κατασπίο]ρᾶς KTA., “ΕἼ will be necessary to send on account of loans of seedcorn for the sowing,” etc., AécheZ 1001" © (Theran Doric —c. B.C. 200) no one may bring forward a proposal ὡς δεείσῃ διαλῦσαι τὸ κοινὸν εἰ τὰς θυσίας, P Flor II. 133" (A.D. 257) ἔδι μὲν ὑμᾶς μηδὲ…
Read the full entry →δέ (de) — then.
δέ,
but: adversative and copulative Particle,
I. answering to μέν (which see), τὴν νῦν μὲν Βοιωτίαν, πρότερον δὲ Καδμηίδα γῆν καλουμένην [Refs 5th c.BC+]
II. without preceding μέν,
II.1. adversative, expressing distinct opposition, αἰεί τοι τὰ κάκ᾽ ἐστὶ φίλα.. μαντεύεσθαι, ἐσθλὸν δ᾽ οὔτε τί πω εἶπας[Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in Prose, οὐκ ἐπὶ κακῷ, ἐλευθερώσει δέ.. [Refs 5th c.BC+]
II.2. copulative,
II.2. a in explanatory clauses, ξυνέβησαν.. τὰ μακρὰ τείχη ἑλεῖν (ἦν δὲ σταδίων μάλιστα ὀκτώ) [Refs 8th c.BC+]: when a substantive is followed by words in apposition, Ἀρισταγόρῃ τῷ Μιλησίῳ, δούλῳ δὲ ἡμετέρῳ [Refs 5th c.BC+]; so in answers, διπλᾶ λέγειν. —Answ. διπλᾶδ᾽ ὁρᾶν…
δέ
de
a primary particle (adversative or continuative); but, and,
etc.:--also, and, but, moreover, now (often unexpressed in English).
δέ
Cj.
but, on the other hand, and
δέ de 2x
a conjunctive particle, marking the superaddition of a clause, whether in opposition or in continuation, to what has preceded, and it may be variously rendered but, on the other hand, and, also, now, etc.; καὶ δέ, when there is a special superaddition in continuation, too, yea, etc. It sometimes is found at the commencement of the apodosis of a sentence, Acts 11:17. It serves also to mark the resumption of an interrupted discourse, 2 Cor. 2:10; Gal. 2:6
δέ but: conjunctive Particle, with adversative force: it commonly answers to μέν, and may often be rendered by while, whereas, on the other hand, v. μέν:— but μέν is often omitted, δέ being used merely to pass on from one thing to another; ὣς Ἀχιλεὺς θάμβησεν, θάμβησαν δὲ καὶ ἄλλοι Il.; etc.; κινεῖ κραδίην κινεῖ δὲ χόλον Eur.
δέ is often redundant,
to introduce the apodosis, where it may be rendered by then, yet, εἰ δέ κε μὴ δώωσιν, ἐγὼ δέ κεν αὐτὸς ἕλωμαι if they will not give it, then I will take it, Il.; so at in Lat., si tu oblitus es, at Dii meminerint Catull.
to resume after interruption caused by a parenthesis, where it may be rendered by I say, now, so then, Hdt.
POSITION of δέ: properly second, being often put between the Art. and Subst., the prep. and case.
Conj — Conjunctionconjunction — it joins clauses, and never changes form.
CONJ CONJunction or conjunctive particle
2,937 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 15 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 2,787 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
2 inflected forms — one of the commonest words in the New Testament. Full distribution →
The Greek word ἐπί (epi) is a preposition that indicates a relationship of superposition, often translated as 'on,' 'upon,' or 'over.' It can govern the genitive, dative, or accusative cases, covering meanings related to place, time, authority, and various figurative uses. In the New Testament, it frequently appears with the accusative case, especially in contexts of motion or direction, such as in Matthew 14:28.
ἐπί (before a smooth breathing ἐπ’, before a rough breathing ἐφ’),
prep. c. gen., dat., acc. (acc. most freq. in NT),
with primary sense of superposition, on, upon.
C. gen.,
of place, answering the question, where?
of the place on which, on, upon: ἐπὶ (τ.) γῆς, Mt 6:10, 19, al.; τ. κεφαλῆς, I Co 11:10; τ. νεφελῶν, Mt 24:30, al.; like ἐν, in constr. praegn. after verbs of motion: βάλλειν, Mk 4:26; σπείρειν, ib. 31; ἔρχεσθαι, He 6:7, al.; fig., ἐπ’ ἀληθείας (MM, s.v. ἀ.); of the subject of thought or speech, Ga 3:16; of power or authority, over, πάντων,
ἐπί, [before a rough breathing ἐφ᾽ (occasionally in Mss. én’; see 6. g. Ps. exly. (exlvi.) 3), and also in some instances before a smooth breathing (as ἐφ᾽ ἐλπίδι, Acts ii. 26 L; Ro. viii. 20 (21) Tdf.); 566 ἀφεῖδον. It neglects elision before proper names beginning with a vowel (exe. Αἴγυπτον Acts vii. 10, 18) and (at least in Tdf.’s txt.) before some other words, see the Proleg. p. 94 sq.; cf. W. §5,1a.; B. p. 10], a preposition [fr. the Skr. local prefix dpi; Curtius $335], joined to the gen., the dat., and the ace. ; its primary signification is upon (Lat. super; [cf. W. 374 (350) note). A. with the Genitive [cf. W. § 47, g.; B. 336 (289)]; I. of Place; and 1. of the place on which; a. upon the surface of (Lat. in or super with the abl., Germ. auf with the dat.); after verbs of abiding, remaining, standing, going, coming, etc.; of doing anything: ἐπὶ κλίνης, Mt. ix. 2; Lk. xvii. 34…
Read the full entry →ἐπὶ ξένης εἶναι, and P Giss I. 2115 μένε ἐπὶ ἑαυτοῦ, “stay at home.” The sense of ‘‘near,’’ “‘in the vicinity of”’ appears in P Ryl II. 127° (A.D. 29) κοιμωμένον μον ἐπὶ τῆς θύρας: cf. Ac 5°% and see Jn 6᾽", 211 ἐπὶ τῆς θαλάσσης, where the rendering ‘“‘ near the sea,’ or, as we should say, “fon the shore,” is to be preferred (cf. Abbott /ok. Gr. p- 261). In P Lond 11688 (a.p. 18) (= III. p. 136) ἐν τοῖς ἀπὸ A(Bos μέρεσι ἐπὶ ταῖς οὔσαις γειτνίαις, ἐπί is almost = ἐν." The local force still underlies the meaning of such a phrase as ἐπ᾿ ἀληθείας (cf. Mk 1214) in the census paper P Oxy II. 255}5 (A.D. 48) (= Selections, p. 47), where it is stated that the return is ‘“‘sound”’ and rests “on a true basis "᾿-ἐ]ξ [ὑ]γιοῦς kal ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείας. Cf. also P Lille I. 264 (iii/B.c.) τὴν δὲ λοιπὴν γ[ῆν ἑτο]ιμάζω, εἰ μὴ ἀκολουθεῖς ἅπαντα καθὼς ἐπὶ τῆς διαγραφῆς τ[ο]ῦ [εἰς τὸ] τε ἔτος σπόρου μεμισθῶσϑαι…
Read the full entry →ἐπί (epi) — upon/to/against.
ἐπί,
Thess. (before τ) [Refs 3rd c.BC+], to denote the being upon or supported upon a surface or point.
__A WITH GEN.:
__A.I of Place,
__A.I.1 with Verbs of Rest, upon, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: without a Verb expressed, ἔγχεα ὄρθ᾽ ἐ. σαυρωτῆρος (i.e. σταθέντα) [Refs]; ἔκλαγξαν ὀϊστοὶ ἐπ᾽ ὤμων the arrows on his shoulders, [Refs 5th c.BC+]: also with Verbs of Motion, where the subject rests upon something, as on a chariot, a horse, a ship, φεύγωμεν ἐφ᾽ ἵππων on our chariot, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τὴν κλεῖδα περιφέρειν ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτοῦ to carry the key about on his person, [Refs 5th c.BC+] walk on tiptoe, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; of places, upon, if the place is an actual support, [Refs]; ἐ. τοῦ εὐωνύμον on the left, ἐ. τῶν πλευρῶν on the flanks, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; but most frequently, in, rarely in [Refs 8th c.BC+] in the country. [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐπ᾽ οἰκήματος κατίσαι…
ἐπί
epi
a primary preposition; properly, meaning superimposition (of time,
place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive
case), i.e. over, upon, etc.; of rest (with the dative case) at, on,
etc.; of direction (with the accusative case) towards, upon,
etc.:--about (the times), above, after, against, among, as long as
(touching), at, beside, X have charge of, (be-, (where-))fore, in (a
place, as much as, the time of, -to), (because) of, (up-)on (behalf
of), over, (by, for) the space of, through(-out), (un-)to(-ward),
with. In compounds it retains essentially the same import, at, upon,
etc. (literally or figuratively).
ἐπί
Prep.
on, to, against, on the basis of, at
ἐπί epi 890x
(1) with the gen., upon, on, Mt. 4:6; 9:2; 27:19; in, of locality, Mk. 8:4; near upon, by, at, Mt. 21:19; Jn. 21:1; upon, over, of authority, Mt. 2:22; Acts 8:27; in the presence of, especially in a judicial sense, 2 Cor. 7:14; Acts 25:9; in the case of, in respect of, Jn. 6:2; Gal. 3:16; in the time of, at the time of, Read the full entry →
ἐπί
on, upon with gen., dat., and acc.
prep. with gen., dat., and acc.: Radic. signf. upon.
WITH GEN.:
of Place,
with Verbs of Rest, upon or on, κεῖσθαι ἐπὶ χθονός Il.; ἐφ᾽ ἵππου on horse-back, etc.; ἐπὶ γῆς upon earth, Soph.; ἐπ᾽ ἀγροῦ in the country, Od.; also at or near, ἐπὶ Λήμνου off Lemnos, Hdt., etc.:—with Verbs of motion, the sense is pregnant, ἐπ᾽ ἠπείροιο ἔρυσσαν drew the ship upon the land and left it there, Il., etc.; ἀναβῆναι ἐπὶ τῶν πύργων Xen.
not strictly of Place, μένειν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀρχῆς to remain in the command, id. Xen.; ἐπὶ τῶν πραγμάτων engaged in business, Dem.: —of ships, ὁρμεῖν ἐπ᾽ ἀγκύρας to ride at (i. e. in dependence on an) anchor, Hdt.
Prep — Prepositionpreposition — its sense depends on the case of the word it governs.
PREP PREPosition
A principal thing to notice about this preposition, which in the King James Version represents about 16 Hebrew and as many Greek words and prepositions, is that, in hundreds of cases (especially in the Old Testament, but frequently also in the New Testament) in the Revised Version (British and American) the rendering is changed to more exact forms ("to," "unto," "by," "upon," "at," "with," "among," "for," "throughout," etc.; compare e.g. Ge 6:16; 13:8; 17:7,9,12; 18:1; Ex 8:17; Le 1:9, etc.); while, nearly as often, "in" is substituted for divergent forms of the King James Version (e.g. Ge 2:14; 17:11; 31:54; 40:7; 49:17; Ex…
907 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 46 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 886 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Every reference is on the Strong's page.
εἶθ’ ὕδατος ἀσώματον οὐσίαν καὶ πνεύματος καὶ ἐπὶ πᾶσιν ἑβδόμου φωτός, ὃ πάλιν ἀσώματον ἦν καὶ νοητὸν ἡλίου παράδειγμα καὶ πάντων ὅσα φωσφόρα ἄστρα κατὰ τὸν οὐρανὸν ἔμελλε συνίστασθαι.
ὡς Ἅβραμος ἐπὶ τοὺς Ἀσσυρίους ἐκστρατεύσας ἐνίκησε καὶ τοὺς αἰχμαλώτους τῶν Σοδομιτῶν ἔσωσε καὶ τὴν λείαν ἣν ἔλαβον ἀφείλετο.
Μεγάλων μὲν ὄντων καὶ πλουσίων τῶν τοῦ θεοῦ δικαιωμάτων εἰς ὑμᾶς, ὑπέρ τι καὶ καθ̓ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπερευφραίνομαι ἐπὶ τοῖς μακαρίοις καὶ ἐνδόξοις ὑμῶν πνεύμασιν: οὕτως ἔμφυτον τῆς δωρεᾶς πνευματικῆς χάριν εἰλήφατε.
ἣν καὶ αὐτὸς ἐωνήσατο παρὰ Πανοβχούνιος τοῦ Τοτόηους ἐν τῷ ιε ἔτει Παῦνι γ ἐπὶ τοῦ ἀρχείου, μιᾶς μὲν ἐν τῷ ἀπὸ λιβὸς πεδίωι, γείτονες· νότου γῆ Πατοῦτος τοῦ
καὶ ἱερειῶν καὶ κανηφόρου τῶν ὄντων καὶ οὐσῶν μηνὸς Χοιὰκ … ἐν Κροκοδίλων πόλει ἐπὶ Πανίσκου ἀγορανόμου τῆς ἄνω τοπαρχίας τοῦ Παθυρίτου. ἀπέδοτο Πετεσοῦχος Σχώτου ἱερεὺς Σούχου καὶ Ἀφροδίτης
ἐδέξατο Πακοῖβις ὁ πριάμενος. Ἑρμίας ὁ παρὰ Πανίσκου κεχρημάτικα. ἔτους ιϛ Τῦβι λ. τέτακται ἐπὶ τὴν ἐν Κροκοδίλων πόλει τράπεζαν ἐφʼ ἧς Παγκράτης δεκάτης ἐνκυκλίου διʼ Ἀπολλωνίου τελώνου Πακοῖβις
The Greek word ἔσχατος (i.e., *eschatos*) means 'last' or 'utmost.' It can refer to the final position in space or time, as well as the lowest rank or degree. In the New Testament, it appears in contexts discussing the end times and the last days, such as in Matthew 12:45 and 1 Peter 1:20. The lexicons generally agree on its meanings and applications.
ἔσχατος, -η, -ον
[in LXX chiefly for אַחֲרִית אַחֲרוֹן ;]
last, utmost, extreme;
of place: of the lowest or least honoured place, Lk 14:9, 10; τ. ἔσχατον, c. gen. part., Ac 1:8 13:47;
of time: Mt 20:12, 14, Mk 12:6, 22, opp. to πρῶτος, Mt 20:8, I Co 15:45, Re 2:19, al.; τὰ ἔ. καὶ τ. πρῶτα, Mt 12:45, Lk 11:26, II Pe 2:20…
ἔσχατος, -7, -ov, (ἔτ. ἔχω, ἔσχον adhering, clinging close; [ace. to al. (Curtius § 583 b.) superl. fr. ἐξ, the outermost]), Sept. for }i7N8, MINN; [fr. Hom. down]; eztreme, last in time or in place; 1. joined to nouns:
ἔσχατος. For ἔ. with reference to ¢ime cf. P Oxy II. 280% (a.p. 88-9) ἐν δὲ τῷ ἐσχάτῳ ἐνιαυτῷ, P Tebt IT. 375° (A.D. 140) τῷ δὲ πέμπτο (1. τῷ) ἔτι (1. ἔτει) ὅ ἐστιν ἔσχατον eros τῆς μισθώσεως. See also BGU IV. ro24iv-8 (iv/y A.D.) τῆς ἐσχάτης ἐλπίδας (/-—os) ἀποστε[ρ]ῆσαι, and from the inscrr. Michel 326? (ii/B.C.) τῆς ἐσχάτης τοῦ βίου τε[λ]ευτῆς. With τὰ ἔσχατα in Mt 1245 a/., cf. P Vat At (B.c. 168) (= Witkowski, p. 65) τοῦ παιδίου cov els τὰ ἔσχατα ἐληλυθότος. AZiche/ 39434 (mid. 1.8.6.) τῆς πόλ[ε]ως ἐν τοῖς ἐσχάτοις ὑπαρχούσης κινδύνοις supports Hort’s rendering of ἐν καιρῷ ἐσχάτῳ in I Pet 1° ‘in a season of extremity,” ‘““when things are at their worst,’’ for which he adduces various classical exx. For the adverbial ἔσχατον, as in 1 Cor 158, see P Oxy VI. 88674 (iii/a.D.) (= Selections, p. 112) τὸ δὲ ὑπολιπό[μ]εννον ἔσχατον ἀνάγνωτι (/.—6), Syil 879" (end of iii/B.c.) ἐπιτελεῖν δὲ…
Read the full entry →ἔσχατος (eschatos) — last/least.
ἔσχᾰτος, η, ον,
also ος, ον [Refs 4th c.BC+(probably from ἐκ, ἐξ, perhaps eĝhzκατος (compare ἐχθός) like{ἔγ-κατα}):
I. of Space, as always in [Refs 8th c.BC+], farthest, uttermost, extreme, θάλαμος ἔ. the hindmost chamber, [Refs 8th c.BC+]at the end of the lines, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν, of the Aethiopians, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τάξις ἐ. the farthest part of the army, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; ἐξ ἐσχάτων ἐς ἔσχατα ἀπικέσθαι from end to end, [Refs 5th c.BC+]:—in various senses, uppermost, ἐ. πυρά [Refs 5th c.BC+]; lowest, deepest, ἀΐδας [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; innermost, σάρκες [Refs 5th c.BC+]; last, hindmost, ἤλαυνε δ᾽ ἔ. [Refs]; ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτῳ at the close of a document, [Refs 2nd c.BC+]
ἔσχατος
eschatos
a superlative probably from 2192 (in the sense of contiguity);
farthest, final (of place or time):--ends of, last, latter end,
lowest, uttermost.
see GREEK for 2192
ἔσχατος, η, ον
Adj
last, at the last, finally
ἔσχατος eschatos 52x
farthest; last, latest, Mt. 12:45; Mk. 12:6; lowest, Mt. 19:30; 20:16; in the lowest plight, 1 Cor. 4:9
ἔσχατος ἔσχα^τος, η, ον prob. from ἐκ, ἐξ, as if ἔξατος, outermost
of Space, as always in Hom. the furthest, uttermost, extreme, id. Hom., Hdt., attic; ἔσχατοι ἄλλων, of the Thracians who were the last in the Trojan lines, Il.; ἔσχατοι ἀνδρῶν, of the Aethiopians, Od.: ἔσχατα, τά, extremities, ἐσχ. γαίης Hes.; τὰ ἔσχ. τοῦ στρατοπέδου Thuc.
the furthest in each direction.
the uppermost, Soph.
lowest, deepest, Lat. imus, ἀΐδας Theocr.
innermost, Lat. intimus, Soph.
the last, hindmost, id. Soph.
of Degree, the uttermost, utmost, last, worst, πόνος, κίνδυνος Plat.:—as Subst., τὸ ἔσχατον, τὰ ἔσχατα, the utmost, Hdt.; of suffering, pain, etc., id. Hdt., attic; ἐπ᾽ ἔσχατα βαίνεις Soph.; ἔσχατ᾽ ἐσχάτων κακά worst of possible evils, id. Soph.; so in Sup., τὰ πάντων ἐσχατώτατα the extremest of all…
Adj-GPM-S — Adjective · genitive · plural · masculinegenitive — of, from, belonging to.
Agrees with anything else marked plural masculine.
A-GPM-S Part of Speech: Adjective Case: Genitive Number: Plural Gender: Masculine Degree: Superlative
54 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 3 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 53 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Counted over the 82 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
οἱ δ’ αὖ κυβερνῆται πρὸς τὸ τῆς νεὼς ἔσχατον χωρίον πρύμναν παρελθόντες πάντων ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν εἰσιν ἄριστοι τῶν ἐμπλεόντων, ἅτε τῆς νεὼς καὶ τῶν ἐν αὐτῇ τὴν σωτηρίαν ἐν χερσὶ ταῖς αὑτῶν ἔχοντες.
Παραδόξου δὲ τῆς σωτηρίας τοῖς Ἑβραίοις οὕτως γενομένης δεινῶς ἐλύπει πάλιν αὐτοὺς ἀγομένους ἐπὶ τὸ Σιναῖον ὄρος ἡ χώρα τελέως οὖσα ἔρημος καὶ τῶν τε πρὸς τροφὴν αὐτοῖς ἄπορος, σπανίζουσα δὲ καὶ ὕδατος εἰς τὸ ἔσχατον, καὶ μὴ μόνον ἀνθρώποις τι…
διὸ προσέχωμεν ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις: οὐδὲν γὰρ ὠφελήσει ἡμᾶς ὁ πᾶς χρόνος τῆς πίστεως ἡμῶν, ἐὰν μὴ νῦν ἐν τῷ ἀνόμῳ καιρῷ καὶ τοῖς μέλλουσιν σκανδάλοις, ὡς πρέπει υἱοῖς θεοῦ, ἀντιστῶμεν, ἵνα μὴ σχῇ παρείσδυσιν ὁ μέλας.
ὁ μεμισθωμένος σπερμάτων κριθῆς ἀρτάβαις τρισὶ κριθῆς ἀρταβῶν τριάκοντα τὸ δὲ τρίτον ὅ ἐστιν ἔσχατον ἔτος τῆς μισθώσεως εἰς σπορὰν χόρτου εἰς κατάβρωμα καὶ κοιτασμὸν προβάτων ἀσπερμὶ πυροῦ ἀρταβῶν
πυροῦ ἀρταβῶν πεντήκοντα τριῶν τὸ δὲ δεύτερον ἔτος πυροῦ ἀρταβῶν τεσσαράκοντα τριῶν τὸ δὲ ἔσχατον ἔτος πυροῦ ἀρταβῶν εἴκοσι πέντε , πάσας δὲ μέτρῳ τετάρτῳ ἐκ πόρων καὶ θαλλοῦ
ἔτη τρία ἀπὸ τοῦ ἐνεστῶτος τεσσαρεσκαιδεκάτου ἔτους Τιβερίου Καίσαρος Σεβαστοῦ, τοῦ μὲν πρώτου καὶ ἐσχάτου ἔτους εἰς πυροῦ σπορὰν ἐκφορίου τοῦ παντὸς καθʼ ἔτος σὺν σπέρμασι αἷς λήμψεται ὁ
The definite article — the commonest word in the Greek New Testament at 19,867 occurrences. Greek uses it more freely than English does and can drop it deliberately, so its presence and its absence both carry weight for a translator; but no single occurrence carries a message of its own. Here it simply gathers “the things” into one definite bundle.
ὁ, ἡ, τό,
the prepositive article (ἄρθρον προτακτικόν), originally a demonstr. pron. (so usually in Hom.), in general corresponding to the Eng. definite article.
As demonstr. pron.
As freq. in Hom., absol., he (she, it), his (etc.): Ac 17:28 (quoted from the poet Aratus).
ὁ 435 ὁ tives of quantity, ὅλος, πᾶς, πολύς, see each in its own place. d. What has been said concerning adjectives holds true also of all other limitations added to substantives, as ἡ κατ᾽ ἐκλογὴν πρόθεσις, Ro. ix. 11; ἡ παρ᾽ ἐμοῦ διαθήκη, Ro. xi. 27; 6 λόγος 6 τοῦ σταυροῦ, 1 Co. i. 18; ἡ εἰς Χριστὸν πίστις, Col. ii. 5; on the other hand, ἡ πίστις ὑμῶν ἡ πρὸς τὸν θεόν, 1 Th. i. 8; τῆς διακονίας τῆς εἰς τοὺς ἁγίους, 2 Co. viii. 4; see many other exx. of each usage in W. 131 (124) sqq.; [B. 91 (80) sqq.]. e. The noun has the article before it when a demonstrative pronoun (υὗτος, ἐκεῖνος) belonging to it either precedes or follows [W. § 18, 4; B. § 127, 29-31]; as, ὁ ἄνθρωπος οὗτος, Jn. ix. 24 [οὗτος ὁ ἄνθρ. 1, Tr mrg. WH); Acts vi. 13; xxii. 26; ὁ λαὸς οὗτος, Mt. xv. 8; 6 vids σου οὗτος, Lk. xv. 30; plur. Lk. xxiv. 17, and numberless other exx.; οὗτος 6 ἄνθρωπος, Lk. xiv. 30; οὗτος ὁ…
Read the full entry →ὃ, ἡ τό. (1) Apart from connexion with μέν or δέ (see below) the demonstrative use of the art. in the NT is confined to a poetical quotation Ac 1778, but it is not uncommon in the papyri, e.g. P Par 45® (B.C. 153) (= Witkowski®, p. 85) τὰ (for ἃ) πράσεις (Δ πράσσεις), P Oxy VIII. 1160! (iii/iv A.D.) Ta (for ἃ) σεσύλληχα (for συνείληχα) δὲ κέρμα {ταν τηρῶ αὐτὰ εἰς τὴν δίκην, “1 am keeping for the trial the money that I have collected” (Ed.). For the distributive Opéev.. - 6 8€, as in 1 Cor7’, cf. P Lond 535 (B.c. 161) (=I. p. 19, U.P.Z. i. p. 239) kal τὰ μὲν ἡμῶν ἐληφότων εἰς τὴν γινομένην ἡμῖν συντάξειν, τὰ δ᾽ ἔτι διὰ τὴν τῶν ὑποτεταγμένων {(.. ... > παρελκομένων. (2) The use of the art. as a relative, of which there is no trace in the NT, may again be illustrated by the following papyrus citations from ¢c. A.D. 346—P Lond 414® (= II. Ῥ. 292) γεινῴσκιν oe θέλω περὶ τοῦ βρεουίου…
Read the full entry →ὁ (ho) — the/this/who.
ὁ,
ἡ, τό, is, when thus written,
__A demonstrative Pronoun.
__B in Attic dialect, definite or prepositive Article.
__C in Epic dialect, the so-called postpositive Article, = relative Pronoun, ὅς, ἥ, ὅ.—The nominative masculine and feminine singular and plural, ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ, have no accent in codices and most printed books, except when used as the relative; but ὁ, ἡ, οἱ, αἱ differ only in writing from ὃ, ἣ, οἳ, α; the nominative forms of the article are said by Hdn.Gr.1.474 to be oxytone, and by [Refs 2nd c.AD+] in Aeolic dialect accusative to [Refs 8th c.BC+] genitive and dative dual τοῖιν [Refs 8th c.BC+]— In Doric dialect and all other dialects except Attic dialect and Ionic dialect the feminine forms preserve the old ᾱ instead of changing it to η, hence Doric dialect etc. ἁ, τάν, τᾶ; the genitive plural τάων contracts in many dialects to τᾶ; the genitive…
ὁ ἡ τό
ho
he hay, and the neuter
to to
in all their inflections; the definite article; the (sometimes to be
supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom):--the, this, that, one,
he, she, it, etc.
ὁ, ἡ, τό
Article
the
ὁ ho 19x
the prepositive article, answering, to a considerable extent, to the English definite article; but, for the principle and facts of its usage, consult a grammar; ὁ μὲν ... ὁ δέ, the one ... the other, Phil. 1:16, 17; Heb. 7:5, 6, 20, 21, 23, 24; pl. some ... others, Mt. 13:23; 22:5, 6; ὁ δέ, but he, Mt. 4:4; 12:48; οἱ δέ, but others, Mt. 28:17; used, in a poetic quotation, for a personal pronoun, Acts 17:28
ὁ the, that
ὁ, ἡ, τό, is
demonstr. Pronoun.
the definite Article.
in epic, the relative Pronoun, when it is written with the accent ὅ, ἥ, τό ῀ ὅς, ἥ, ὅ. Besides the common forms, note epic gen. sg. τοῖο for τοῦ; pl. nom. τοί, ταί; gen. fem. τάων [α^], dat. τοῖσι, τῇς and τῇσι; dual gen, and dat. τοῖιν:— in Trag. we find τοὶ μέν . . , τοὶ δέ . . , for οἱ μέν . . , οἱ δέ . . ; dat. pl. also τοῖσι, ταῖσι: the dual has commonly but one gender, τώ for τά, τοῖν for ταῖν.
DEMONSTR. PRONOUN:
joined with a Subst., not as the Art., but like Lat. ille, ὁ Τυδείδης Tydeus's famous son, Il.; Νέστωρ ὁ γέρων Nestor— that aged man, id. Il.; τιμῆς τῆς Πριάμου for honour, namely that of Priam, id. Il.
Art-GPM — Article · genitive · plural · masculinegenitive — of, from, belonging to.
Agrees with anything else marked plural masculine.
T-GPM Part of Speech: definite arTicle Case: Genitive Number: Plural Gender: Masculine
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
20,685 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 83 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 19,783 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
40 inflected forms — one of the commonest words in the New Testament. Full distribution →
Τῶν ἄλλων νομοθετῶν οἱ μὲν ἀκαλλώπιστα καὶ γυμνὰ τὰ νομισθέντα παρ’ αὐτοῖς εἶναι δίκαια διετάξαντο, οἱ δὲ πολὺν ὄγκον τοῖς νοήμασι προσπεριβαλόντες ἐξετύφωσαν τὰ πλήθη μυθικοῖς πλάσμασι τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἐπικρύψαντες.
ἡ τοῦ κόσμου σύστασις καὶ διάταξις τῶν στοιχείων.
Χαίρετε, υἱοὶ καὶ θυγατέρες, ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου τοῦ ἀγαπήσαντος ἡμᾶς, ἐν εἰρήνῃ.
r βασιλεύοντος Πτολεμαίου τοῦ ἐπικαλουμένου Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ Βερενίκης τῆς ἀδελφῆς θεῶν Φιλομητόρων ἔτους ιε, ἐφʼ ἱερέων καὶ ἱερειῶν
ιζ Θῶυθ κη ἀπέδοτο Πετεσοῦχος Φίβιος καὶ οἱ ἀδελφοὶ τὸ ὕπαρχον αὐτοῖς ἥμισυ περιστερῶνος τοῦ ὄντος ἐν τῶι ἀπὸ βορρᾶ μέρει Παθύρεως χαλκοῦ Γ. ἐπρίατο Ὧρος Νεχούτου.
βασιλευόντων Πτολεμαίου τοῦ ἐπικαλουμένου Ἀλεξάνδρου καὶ Βερενίκης τῆς ἀδελφῆς θεῶν φιλομητόρων ἔτους ιϛ, ἐφʼ ἱερέων καὶ ἱερειῶν
χρόνος (chronos) refers to time in a general sense, covering both specific periods and abstract notions of duration. It appears frequently in the New Testament, such as in Matthew 2:7 and Galatians 4:4, often in phrases indicating the passage or measurement of time. The term is distinguished from καιρός (kairos), which denotes specific moments or opportunities.
Severat times in the N. T. but always in the plural, χρόνοι καὶ καιροί are found together (Acts i. 7; 1 Thess. y. 1); and not unfrequently in the Septuagint and the Apocrypha, Wisd. vii. 18; viii. 8 (both instructive passages) ; Dan. ii. 21; and in the singular, Eccles. iii. 1; Dan. vii. 12 : P 210 SYNONYMS OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. § vu. (but in this last passage the reading is doubtful). Grotius (on Acts i. 7) conceives the difference between them to consist merely in the greater length of the χρόνοι as compared with the καιροί, and writes: “ χρόνοι sunt majora temporum spatia, ut anni; καιροί minora, ut menses et dies.’ Compare Bengel: ‘ χρόνων partes καιροί. This distinction, if not inaccurate, is certainly insufficient, and altogether fails to reach the heart of the matter. Χρόνος is time, contemplated simply as such; the succession of moments (Matt. xxv. 19; Rev. x. 6; Heb. iv. 7)…
Read the full entry →χρόνος, -ου, ὁ
[in LXX chiefly for יוֹם, also for עֵת, etc. ;]
time (a space of time, whether long or short; cf. Lft., Notes, 70): Mt 2:7, Mk 9:21, Lk 1:57, Ac 3:21 7:17, 23 13:18 17:30 27:9, He 11:32, I Pe 1:17 4:3, Re 10:6; στιγμὴ χρόνου, Lk 4:5; πλήρωμα τοῦ χ., Ga 4:4; ποιεῖν χ., Ac 15:33 18:23; βιῶσαι, Read the full entry →
χρόνος, -ov, 6, fr. Hom. down, Sept. for ny, ny’, etc. time : Heb. xi. 32; Rev. x. 6; 6 yp. τοῦ φαινομένου ἀστέρος. the time since the star began to shine [ef. φαίνω, 2 a.], Mt. ii. 7; [ὁ yp. τοῦ τεκεῖν αὐτήν (Gen. xxv. 24), Lk. 1.51 (B. 267 (230); ef. W. ξ 44, 4 a.)]; τῆς ἐπαγγελίας, Acts vii. 17; τῆς παροικίας, 1 Pet. i. 17; χρόνοι ἀποκαταστάσεως, Acts iii. 21; of yp. τῆς ἀγνοίας, Acts xvii. 30; χρόνου διαγενομένου, Acts xxvii. 9; πόσος χρόνος ἐστίν, ὡς τοῦτο γέγονεν, MK. ix. 21; ὁ παρεληλυθὼς xp. 1 Pet. iv. 3 (where Ree. adds τοῦ βίου) ; τεσσαρακονταετής, Acts vii. 23; xiii. 18; στιγμὴ χρόνου, Lk. iv. 5; πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου, Gal. iv. 4; ποιεῖν ([q. ν. II. d.] to spend) χρόνον, Acts xv. 33; XVill. 23; βιῶσαι τὸν ἐπίλοιπον χρόνον. 1 Pet. iv. 2; διδόναι χρόνον τινί (i.e. a space of time, respite), ἵνα ete. Rev. ii. 21 [(Joseph. b. 1. 4,3, 10)]; plur. joined with xatpoi, Acts i. 7: 1 Th.…
Read the full entry →χρόνος, “time, a time,” ‘‘a period”: P Petr II 40 (a)!* (iii/B.c.) ὀλίγος yap χρόνος ὑμῖν ἐστιν, P Strass I. γ41 (A.D. 126) τοῦ χρόνου πληρωθέντος οὐκέτι βούλομαι αὐτὰς (sc. ἀρούρας) γεωργεῖν ἀποδεδωκὼς πάντᾳ τὰ ἐκφόρια τῶν ἔμπρίο]σθεν χρόνων, P Lond 12317? (a.p. 144) (-- ΠῚ. p. 109) τοῦ χρόνου τῆς μισθώσεως πεπληροκότος, and P Oxy I. τοι (A.D. 142) xpd(vos) ὁ α(ὐτός), ‘the same date.” For the acc. of duration of time, as in Mk 2:9 αἱ,, cf. P Petr IL. 12 (3)!8 (B.c. 241) οὐ τὸν πλείω χρόνον καταφθαρησόμεθα, ‘we shall no longer be harried,” BGU IV. 1055° (B.C. 30) τὸν μεμερισμένον αὐτῷ χρόνον, a common phrase in Alexandrian contracts : and for the instr. dat. of extension of time, as in Lk 851,39 α΄ (cf. Proleg. p. 75), cf. P Strass I. 2251 (iii/A.D.) οὐδεμίαν παρείσδυσιν ἔχεις, ἡ γὰρ γίυν]ὴ ἐν τῇ νομῇ γέγονεν πολλῷ χρόνῳ, and the…
Read the full entry →χρόνος (chronos) — time.
χρόνος, ὁ,
time, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; τῶν δὲ πεπραγμένων ἀποίητον οὐδ᾽ ἂν χ. δύναιτο θέμεν τέλος P.[Refs 5th c.BC+]; but in Prose, τοῦ χ. τὸν πλεῖστον [Refs 5th c.BC+]; χρόνου πολλοῦ δέονται take a long time, [Refs 5th c.BC+]
__b time in the abstract, ἀμερὴς χ. Timo 76; τριμερής [Refs 4th c.BC+]
2. a definite time, period, δεκέτης, τρίμηνος, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; χ. βίου, ἥβης χ., [Refs 5th c.BC+] with chronological accuracy, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοῖς χ. by the dates, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; μετενεγκόντα τοὺς χ. altering the dates, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; χρόνων μῆκος (uncertain, to be read χρόνου) [Refs 6th c.AD+]
2. b date, term of payment due, [Refs]
χρόνος
chronos
of uncertain derivation; a space of time (in general, and thus
properly distinguished from 2540, which designates a fixed or special
occasion; and from 165, which denotes a particular period) or
interval; by extension, an individual opportunity; by implication,
delay:--+ years old, season, space, (X often-)time(-s), (a) while.
see GREEK for 2540
see GREEK for 165
χρόνος, ου, ὁ
n.m.
time, a particular time, season
χρόνος chronos 54x
time, whether in respect of duration or a definite point of its lapse, Mt. 2:7; 25:19 freq.; an epoch, era, marked duration, Acts 1:7; 1 Thess. 5:1
χρόνος χρόνος, ὁ, time, Hom., etc.
a definite time, a while, period, season, δεκέτης, τρίμηνος χρ. Soph.; χρ. βίου, ἥβης Eur.:—pl. periods of time, τοῖς χρόνοις ἀκριβῶς with chronological accuracy, Thuc.; τοῖς χρόνοις by the dates, Isocr.
Special phrases:
acc., χρόνον for a while, Od., etc.; so, πολὺν χρόνον for a long time, id. Od.; τὸν ἀεὶ χρ. for ever, Eur., etc.; ἕνα χρ. at once, once for all, Il.
gen., ὀλίγου χρόνου in a short time, Hdt.; πολλοῦ χρόνου Ar.; πόσου ρ.; for how long? id. Ar.
dat., χρόνῳ in time, at last, Hdt., Trag.; so, χρόνῳ ποτέ Hdt., etc.; also with the Art., τῷ χρόνῳ Ar.
Noun-GPM — Noun · genitive · plural · masculinegenitive — of, from, belonging to.
Agrees with anything else marked plural masculine.
N-GPM Part of Speech: Noun Case: Genitive Number: Plural Gender: Masculine
53 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 7 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 54 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Ἓξ δὲ ἡμέραις δημιουργηθῆναί φησι τὸν κόσμον, οὐκ ἐπειδὴ προσεδεῖτο χρόνων μήκους ὁ ποιῶν — ἅμα γὰρ πάντα δρᾶν εἰκὸς θεόν, οὐ προστάττοντα μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ διανοούμενον —, ἀλλ’ ἐπειδὴ τοῖς γινομένοις ἔδει τάξεως.
ὅτι λιμοῦ τὴν Χαναναίαν καταλαβόντος εἰς Αἴγυπτον ἀπῆρε καὶ διατρίψας ἐν αὐτῇ τινα χρόνον ὑπέστρεψεν ὀπίσω.
διὸ προσέχωμεν ἐν ταῖς ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις: οὐδὲν γὰρ ὠφελήσει ἡμᾶς ὁ πᾶς χρόνος τῆς πίστεως ἡμῶν, ἐὰν μὴ νῦν ἐν τῷ ἀνόμῳ καιρῷ καὶ τοῖς μέλλουσιν σκανδάλοις, ὡς πρέπει υἱοῖς θεοῦ, ἀντιστῶμεν, ἵνα μὴ σχῇ παρείσδυσιν ὁ μέλας.
ἀποκαταστησάτω εἰς οἶκον πρὸς αὐτὴν τοῖς ἰδίοις. ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀποδῷ ἐν τῷ ὡρισμένῳ χρόνῳ ἀποτεισάτω ἑκάστου κεραμίου χαλκοῦ δραχμὰς χιλίας , ἡ δὲ πρᾶξις ἔστω Ναομσήσι ἐκ τοῦ
τῆι ἐχομένηι ἡμέραι παραχρῆμα τὰ τοῦ χαλκοῦ τάλαντα ε Β ἡμιόλιον καὶ τοῦ ὑπερπεσόντος χρόνου τόκους διδράχμους τῆς μνᾶς τὸν μῆνα ἕκαστον. ἔγγυοι ἀλλήλων εἰς ἔκτεισιν τῶν διὰ τοῦ
Ὥρῳ ἐν μηνὶ Παχὼν τοῦ προκειμένου ἔτους· ἐὰν δὲ μὴ ἀποδῷ ἐν τῷ ὡρισμένῳ χρόνῳ ἀποτεισάτω παραχρῆμα ἡμιόλιον τὴν ἐσομένην ἐν τῇ ἀγορᾷ τιμήν· ἡ δὲ πρᾶξις ἔστω Ὥρῳ
διά (dia) is a preposition meaning 'through' and can govern both the genitive and accusative cases. It covers a range of uses, including indicating motion through space or time, causation, and means or instrumentality. In the New Testament, it appears in various contexts, such as in Matthew 2:12 and Romans 8:25. The lexicons do not present significant disagreement regarding its meanings.
διά (before a vowel δ’, exc. Ro 8:10, II Co 5:7, and in pr. names; Tdf., Pr., 94),
prep. c. gen., acc, as in cl.;
c. gen., through;
of Place, after verbs of motion or action: Mt 2:12 12:43, Mk 2:23, Lk 4:30, Jo 4:4, II Co 11:33, al.; σώζεσθαι (διας-) δ. πυρός, ὕδατος, I Co 3:15, I Pe 3:20; βλέπειν δ. ἐσόπτρου, I Co 13:12; metaph., of a state or condition:
διὰ παντός [so L WH Tr (exc. Mk. ν. 5; Lk. xxiv. 53)], or written together διαπαντός [so GT (exe. in Mt.) ; ef. W. 46 (45); Lipsius, Gram. Unters. p. 125], continually, always: Mt. xviii. 10; Mk. ν. 5; Lk. xxiv. 53; Acts ii. 25 (fr. Ps. xv. (xvi.) 8); x. 2; xxiv. 16; Ro. xi. 10 (fr. Ps. Ixviii. (Lxix.) 24); 2 Th. iii. 16; Heb. ix. 6; xiii. 15, (often in Grk. writ.). b. of the time within which a thing is done: διὰ τῆς νυκτός (1, Τ Tr WH διὰ νυκτός), by night, Acts ν. 19; xvi. 9; xvii. 10; xxiii. 31, (Palaeph. 1,10); δύ ἡμερῶν τεσσαράκοντα, repeatedly within the space of forty days, Acts i. 3;— (denying this use of the prep., C. F. A. Fritzsche in Fritzschiorum Opusce. p. 164 sq. would refer these instances to the use noted under a. [see Win., Ellic., Mey. u. s.]). 2. of time elapsed, and which has, so to say, been passed through: Gal. ii. 1 [ef. W. 380 (356)]; δὲ ἡμερῶν, (some) days…
Read the full entry →διά (A.D. 58) ἀπεσχηκυῖαι [παρὰ τοῦ ᾿Αντ]ιφάνους διὰ χειρὸς [ἐϊξ οἴκου ὃ καὶ ἐπε[ίσθη]σαν κεφάλαιον, ‘have received from Antiphanes from hand to hand in cash the sum which they severally consented to accept ” (Edd.). Among other stereotyped phrases may be mentioned διὰ παντός, common in papyri as in Bibl. Greek in place of the obsolescent ἀεί : thus P Lond 42° (B.c. 168) (=I. p. 30, Selections Ὁ. 9) σοῦ διὰ παντὸς μνείαν ποιούμενοι, LGU IV. 1078* (A.p. 39) Σαραπίων Σαραπιάδι τῇ ἀδελφῇ πλεῖστα χαίρειν καὶ διὰ παντὸς ὑγιαίνειν. A rather different temporal use appears in διὰ νυκτός, “by night’ (Ac 519 etc.), as P Ryl II. 1381 (A.D. 34) κατέλαβα τοῦτον διὰ νυκτὸς ἡλμένον ἐξ ὑπερβατῶν els τὠιὸ τῆς οὐσίας ἐποίκιον Δρομήως λεγώμενου (7. ε. -όμενον), “ΕἼ detected him when under cover of night he had sprung into the farmstead” (Edd.): it is hard to imagine Fritzsche (see Grimm) arguing that here…
Read the full entry →διά (dia) — through/because of.
διά,
poetry διαί (Aeolic dialect ζά, which see), preposition governing genitive and accusative — Rad. sense, through; never anastrophic [Prop. δῐᾰ: but [Refs 8th c.BC+] uses ῑ at the beginning of a line, [Refs 8th c.BC+]: also ᾱ, for the sake of meter, frequently in [Refs 8th c.BC+] uses διαί in Lyric poetry, [Refs]
__A WITH GEN.
__A.I of Place or Space:
__A.I.1 of motion in a line, from one end to the other, right through, in [Refs 8th c.BC+] frequently of the effect of weapons, διὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε.. ἔγχος καὶ διὰ θώρηκος.. [Refs 8th c.BC+] out through the Scaean gate, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; δι᾽ ἠέρος αἰθέρ᾽ ἵκανεν quite through the lower air even to the ether, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; διὰ Τρώων πέτετο straight through them,[Refs 5th c.BC+]: also in Compos. with πρό and ἐκ, see at {διαπρό},{διέκ}: in adverbial phrases, διὰ πασῶν (i.e.…
διά
dia
a primary preposition denoting the channel of an act; through (in very
wide applications, local, causal, or occasional):--after, always,
among, at, to avoid, because of (that), briefly, by, for (cause) ...
fore, from, in, by occasion of, of, by reason of, for sake, that,
thereby, therefore, X though, through(-out), to, wherefore, with
(-in). In composition it retains the same general importance.
διά
Prep.
through, on account of
διά dia 667x
(1) gen., through, used of place or medium, Mt. 7:13; Lk. 6:1; 2 Cor. 11:33; through, of time, during, in the course of, Heb. 2:15; Acts 5:19; through, of immediate agency, causation, instrumentality, by means of, by, Jn. 1:3; Acts 3:18; of means or manner, through, by, with, Lk. 8:4; 2 Cor. 5:7; 8:8; of state or condition, in a state of, Rom.…
Read the full entry →διά through c. gen. through, by means of c. acc.
through.
WITH GEN.:
of Place or Space:
of motion in a line, through, right through, διὰ μὲν ἀσπίδος ἦλθε ἔγχος Il.; δι᾽ ἠέρος αἰθέρ᾽ ἵκανεν quite through the lower air even to the ether, id. Il.; διὰ πάντων ἐλθεῖν to go through all in succession, Xen.
of motion through a space, but not in a line, all through, over, διὰ πεδίοιο Il.; δι᾽ ἄστεος Od.
of Intervals of Space, διὰ δέκα ἐπάλξεων at every 10th battlement, Thuc.; διὰ πέντε σταδίων at a distance of 5 stades, Hdt.
of Time:
throughout, during, διὰ παντὸς τοῦ χρόνου Hdt.; δι᾽ ἡμέρης all day long, id. Hdt.; διὰ παντός continually, Aesch.; δι᾽ ὀλίγου for a short time, Thuc.
Prep — Prepositionpreposition — its sense depends on the case of the word it governs.
PREP PREPosition
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
683 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 21 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 667 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
Every reference is on the Strong's page.
Counted over the 663 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
οὐ μὴν διὰ τοῦθ’ ἡσυχαστέον, ἀλλ’ ἕνεκα τοῦ θεοφιλοῦς καὶ ὑπὲρ δύναμιν ἐπιτολμητέον λέγειν, οἴκοθεν μὲν οὐδέν, ὀλίγα δ’ ἀντὶ πολλῶν, ἐφ’ ἃ τὴν ἀνθρωπίνην διάνοιαν φθάνειν εἰκὸς ἔρωτι καὶ πόθῳ σοφίας κατεσχημένην.
τὸν μὲν γὰρ πρὸς τοὺς Ῥωμαίους πόλεμον ἡμῖν τοῖς Ἰουδαίοις γενόμενον καὶ τὰς ἐν αὐτῷ πράξεις καὶ τὸ τέλος οἷον ἀπέβη πείρᾳ μαθὼν ἐβιάσθην ἐκδιηγήσασθαι διὰ τοὺς ἐν τῷ γράφειν λυμαινομένους τὴν ἀλήθειαν,
ἐγνώρισεν γὰρ ἡμῖν ὁ δεσπότης διὰ τῶν προφητῶν τὰ παρεληλυθότα καὶ τὰ ἐνεστῶτα, καὶ τῶν μελλόντων δοὺς ἀπαρχὰς ἡμῖν γεύσεως, ὧν τὰ καθ̓ ἕκαστα βλέποντες ἐνεργούμενα, καθὼς ἐλάλησεν, ὀφείλομεν πλουσιώτερον καὶ ὑψηλότερον προσάγειν τῷ φόβῳ αὐτοῦ.
ἀρουρῶν ἑπτὰ ἀρούρας τρεῖς · γείτονες μιᾶς μὲν νότου γῆ Πατήφιος, βορρᾶ γῆ Πακοίβιος διὰ τῶν Φίβιος υἱῶν, ἀπηλιώτου ὁδὸς βασιλική, λιβὸς γῆ Ψεμμώνθου τοῦ Πανεχάτου καὶ τῶν μετόχων,
ἐν σφραγῖσι δυσίν , ὧν γείτονες μιᾶς μὲν νότου γῆ Πατήφιος, βορρᾶ γῆ Πακοίβιος διὰ τῶν Φίβιος υἱῶν, ἀπηλιώτου ὁδὸς βασιλική, λιβὸς γῆ Ψεμμώνθου τοῦ Πανεχάτου καὶ τῶν μετόχων,
ἀπὸ ἀπηλιώτου μέρει Παθύρεως οἰκίαν ᾠκοδομημένην καὶ δεδοκωμένην καὶ τεθυρωμένην ἧς αἱ γειτνίαι δεδήλωνται διὰ τῆς ὠνῆς.
σύ is the second-person singular pronoun meaning 'you' in Greek. It has various forms: genitive σοῦ, dative σοί, and accusative σέ. The word can be used for emphasis or contrast, particularly in the New Testament, as seen in verses like Matthew 26:64. It also appears in various dialects and has enclitic forms.
σύ,
pron. of 2nd pers.,
thou, you, gen., σοῦ, dat., σοί, acc., σέ, pl., ὑμεῖς, -ῶν, -ῖν, -ᾶς (enclitic in oblique cases sing., except after prep. (BL, §48, 3), though πρὸς σέ occurs in Mt 25:39). Nom. for emphasis or contrast: Jo 1:30, 42 4:10 5:33, 39, 44, Ac 4:7, Eph 5:32; so also perhaps σὺ εἶπας, Mt 26:64, al. (M, Pr., 86); before voc., Mt 2:6, Lk 1:76, Jo 17:5, al.; sometimes without emphasis (M, Pr., 85f.), as also
Read the full entry →σύ, pron. of the second pers. (Dor. and Aeol. τύ, Boeot. Tov), gen. σοῦ, dat. σοί, ace. σέ (which oblique cases are enclitic, unless a preposition precede; yet πρός σε is written [uniformly in Ree. (exe. Mt. xxvi. 18), in Grsb. (exe. Jn. xxi. 22, 23), in Treg. (exc. Mt. xxvi. 18; Acts xxiii. 30), in Lchm. (exe. Mt. xxvi.18; Jn. xvii. 11, 13; xxi. 22, 23; Acts xxiii. 30), in Tdf. (exe. Mt. xxvi. 18; Lk. i. 19; Jn. xvii. 11, 13; Jn. xxi. 22; Acts xxiii. 18, 30; 1 Tim. iii. 14; Tit. iii. 12); also by WH in Mt. xxv. 39], see ἐγώ, 2; Lipsius, Grammat. Untersuch. p. 62 sq. [W. §6, 3; B. 31 (27)]); plur. ὑμεῖς, εἴς. : Lat. tu, ete., vos, ete.; thou, ete., ye,ete. The nominatives ov and ὑμεῖς are expressed for emphasis — before a vocative, as σὺ Βηθλεέμ, Mt. ii. 6; σὺ παιδίον (Leian. dial. deor. 2, 1), Lk. i. 76; add, Jn. xvii. 5; Acts i. 24; 1 Tim. vi. 11, etc.; ὑμεῖς of Φαρισαῖοι, Lk. xi. 39…
Read the full entry →σύ (su) — you.
σύ [ῠ],
thou: pronoun of the second person:—Epic dialect nominative τύνη [ῡ] [Refs 8th c.BC+] (Laconian dialect τούνη [Refs 5th c.AD+]; Aeolic dialect σύ [Refs 7th c.BC+]; Doric dialect τύ [ῠ] [Refs 5th c.BC+]; Boeotian dialect τού [short syllable] [Refs 6th c.BC+] (also τούν [Refs]σύ, [Refs 8th c.BC+]—Gen. σοῦ, [Refs], elsewhere only Attic dialect, [Refs 5th c.BC+]; enclitic σου, [Refs 8th c.BC+] (also in Lyric poetry, [Refs 8th c.BC+] (which also occurs in Lyric poetry, [Refs 7th c.BC+], and as enclitic σευ, [Refs 8th c.BC+], σεο (enclitic) [Refs] σευ (enclitic) [Refs]:—Doric dialect τεῦ, τευ, [Refs 3rd c.BC+]; rarely τέο, [Refs 8th c.BC+]; Boeotian dialect τεῦς [Refs 6th c.BC+]; Doric dialect τεοῦς [Refs 5th c.BC+]; τοι variant in [Refs]; enclitic τεος [Refs 5th c.BC+]; other Doric dialect forms are τίω, τίως, both [Refs 3rd c.BC+]—Dat. σοί, [Refs 8th c.BC+]…
Read the full entry →σύ
su
the person pronoun of the second person singular; thou:-- thou. See
also 4571, 4671, 4675; and for the plural 5209, 5210, 5213, 5216.
see GREEK for 4675
see GREEK for 4571
see GREEK for 4671
see GREEK for 5209
see GREEK for 5210
see GREEK for 5213
see GREEK for 5216
σύ, σοῦ, σοί, σέ
Pers.pr.
you
σύ sy 2x
you, gen., σοῦ, dat., σοί, acc., σέ, Mt. 1:20; 2:6
Pron-2AP — Personal pronoun · second person · accusative · pluralaccusative — the one it is done to — the object.
Agrees with anything else marked plural.
P-2AP Part of Speech: Personal pronoun Person: second Case: Accusative Number: Plural
3,073 occurrences in the New Testament, rendered 37 different ways. The commonest English word for it is not its meaning — it is one translator's decision, repeated.
Parsing tells you the form; the treebank tells you the job. Counted over all 2,892 occurrences — a word inside a phrase counts towards whatever that phrase is doing.
← what comes before
what comes after →
branches are dictionary forms, so endings do not split one phrase into five; the number on a branch is how many times the New Testament takes that path
16 inflected forms — one of the commonest words in the New Testament. Full distribution →
Counted over the 450 Old Testament verses where this Greek word stands: which Hebrew word keeps standing there too. A correspondence of verses rather than a word-by-word alignment, so read the percentage as strength of evidence, not as a claim about any single verse.
„οὐ φυτεύσεις σεαυτῷ ἄλσος, πᾶν ξύλον παρὰ τὸ θυσιαστήριον κυρίου τοῦ θεοῦ σου οὐ ποιήσεις σεαυτῷ“ (Deuter.
παύσομαι δὲ τοῦ λοιποῦ μετὰ τοσαύτης ὀργῆς τὰς τιμωρίας ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀδικήμασιν εἰσπραττόμενος καὶ πολὺ μᾶλλον σοῦ παρακαλοῦντος.
Μεγάλων μὲν ὄντων καὶ πλουσίων τῶν τοῦ θεοῦ δικαιωμάτων εἰς ὑμᾶς, ὑπέρ τι καὶ καθ̓ ὑπερβολὴν ὑπερευφραίνομαι ἐπὶ τοῖς μακαρίοις καὶ ἐνδόξοις ὑμῶν πνεύμασιν: οὕτως ἔμφυτον τῆς δωρεᾶς πνευματικῆς χάριν εἰλήφατε.
τοῦ ἀποδοθῆι τὸν ἐπεσταλμένον ἡμῖν κατὰ μῆνα πυρὸν τοῖς παρʼ ἡμῶν. διʼ ἄλλων γεγράφαμεν ὑμῖν ὑπὲρ ὧν βουλόμεθα μηδεμιᾶς προσφωνήσεως προσπεπτωκυίας. ἑαυτῶν δὲ ἐπιμελόμενοι ἵνʼ ὑγιαίνητε, — ἔσμεν ἐν
η Φατρήους καὶ … χαίρειν καὶ ἐρρωμένοις διευτυχεῖν. ἐρρώμεθα δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ ὑμῶν τὴν ἀρίστην μνείαν ποιούμενοι παρὰ τοῖς ἐν Πηλουσίωι θεοῖς. καλῶς ποιήσεις διαλύσας Ἁρκοννῆσιν καὶ
παρὰ Πετεύριος διεθέντος μου ὑπάρξει σοι εἰς στέφανον χαλκοῦ τάλαντα δεκάπεντε, τάλαντα ιε. εὐτύχει .