1 Chronicles 4:22 — Word Study
WLCוְיוֹקִ֞ים וְאַנְשֵׁ֣י כֹזֵבָ֗א וְיוֹאָ֧שׁ וְשָׂרָ֛ף אֲשֶׁר־ בָּעֲל֥וּ לְמוֹאָ֖ב וְיָשֻׁ֣בִי לָ֑חֶם וְהַדְּבָרִ֖ים עַתִּיקִֽים׃
BSAJokimYôwqîym△ [a descendant of Judah] of CozebaKôzᵉbâʼ△ [a city of falsehood, also known as Achzib] and JoashYôwʼâsh [given by the Lord] and SaraphSârâph△ [an Israelite] whoʼăsher ruledbâʻal■ [had dominion, were in charge] in MoabMôwʼâb [a land of the descendants of Lot] and Jashubi-lehemYâshubîy Lechem [another name for Bethlehem, house of bread] These names are from ancientʻattîyq [written in, recorded in, old, from a long time ago] recordsdâbâr [chronicles, historical accounts]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְיוֹקִ֞ים | and Jokim | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְאַנְשֵׁ֣י | and [the] men of | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct |
| כֹזֵבָ֗א | Kozeba | Noun proper |
| וְיוֹאָ֧שׁ | and Joash | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְשָׂרָ֛ף | and Saraph | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| אֲשֶׁר־ | who | Particle |
| בָּעֲל֥וּ | they ruled | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| לְמוֹאָ֖ב | to Moab | Preposition, noun proper |
| וְיָשֻׁ֣בִי | and Jashubi | Conjunction, noun proper |
| לָ֑חֶם | Lehem | Noun proper |
| וְהַדְּבָרִ֖ים | and the words | Conjunction, particle, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| עַתִּיקִֽים׃ | [are] ancient | Adj |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Jokim, the men of Cozeba, and Joash and Saraph, who ruled in Moab and Jashubi-lehem. (These names are from ancient records.) |
| KJV | And Jokim, and the men of Chozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had the dominion in Moab, and Jashubi-lehem. And these are ancient things. |
| ASV | and Jokim, and the men of Cozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had dominion in Moab, and Jashubi-lehem. And the records are ancient. |
| YLT | and Jokim, and the men of Chozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who ruled over Moab and Jashubi-Lehem; and these things [are] ancient. |
| WEB | and Jokim, and the men of Cozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had dominion in Moab, and Jashubilehem. These records are ancient. |
| BBE | And Jokim, and the men of Cozeba, and Joash and Saraph, who were rulers in Moab, and went back to Beth-lehem. And the records are very old. |
The translations agree on the names and their roles without significant variation.
The sentence has a main clause followed by a relative clause and additional information, providing a clear structure to the genealogy.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbבָּעַל
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
3 of 12 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 4:22
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Genealogy of Judahgenerated
1 Chronicles 4:22 provides a list of names significant to the lineage of Judah, highlighting Jokim, the men of Cozeba, Joash, and Saraph. These individuals had dominion in Moab and Jashubi-lehem, indicating their roles in the history and governance of these regions. The verse emphasizes the importance of these names as preserved in ancient records, connecting the present to the past.
Cross References
The Key Word — יוֹקִים, ve.yo.Kimgenerated
The name יוֹקִים (Yowqiym) means 'Jehovah raises up' and identifies Jokim as a descendant of Judah. The parsing shows that it is a proper masculine noun, indicating a specific individual rather than a common term.
As a notable figure in the genealogies, Jokim's mention alongside others emphasizes the continuity of Judah's lineage and the historical significance of these names in Israel's narrative.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered consistently across translations, with the BSB, KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE all presenting the same key names and their relationships without significant variation.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb בָּעֲל֥וּ (they ruled) governs the main clause, indicating the action of ruling, while the other phrases provide additional details about the subjects and their locations.
The structure includes multiple noun phrases that identify the individuals and their roles, with a prepositional phrase specifying the location of Moab, illustrating a clear hierarchical relationship within the sentence.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the word כֹזֵבָ֗א is rendered as ξωζηβα, indicating a consistent identification of the city of Cozeba, though the translation may reflect a different emphasis or understanding of its significance.
The choice of Greek terms shows an effort to maintain the connection to the original Hebrew names, preserving the historical context while adapting to the Greek-speaking audience.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 4:22 lists Jokim and others, noting their connection to Moab and Jashubi-lehem. These names are preserved from ancient records, highlighting their significance in the history of Judah.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Jokim means 'Jehovah raises up' and is a name associated with a descendant of Judah.
Cozeba, also known as Achzib, is a city in Judah whose name means falsehood, contrasting its biblical reality.
The verse refers to Jokim and others who had dominion in Moab, indicating their roles in governance.
These names are significant as they connect the present genealogy to historical accounts, preserving the lineage of Judah.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from the genealogies about the importance of our heritage?
- How do the names listed in this verse reflect the history of Judah?
- In what ways can we honor our ancestors and their contributions to our identity?
- What significance do you find in the preservation of ancient records?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
An early commentary notes the significance of the names in this verse, highlighting their meanings and historical context.
He that made: That is, Joazim, the meaning of whose name in Hebrew is, he that made the sun to stand. In like manner the following names, Lying (Chozeba), Secure (Joas), and Burning (Saraph),Early Church Fathers on 1 Chronicles 4 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 4:22 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Jokim,.... The Vulgate Latin version is, and he that made the sun to stand: as if Joshua was meant; and in the Talmud it is (g) said Jokim, this is Joshua, who confirmed the oath to the
Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 4 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Jokim, and the men of Chozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had the dominion in Moab, and Jashubilehem. And these are ancient things. Had the dominion in Moab , [ baa`aluw (H1166) lª-Mow'aab (H4124), had possessions in Moab].
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 4 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleWho had the dominion in Moab; which they ruled in the name and for the use and service of the kings of Judah, to whom Moab was subject from David’ s time. Or, who had possessions in Moab; or, who married wives in Moab. These are ancient things: the sense is either, 1. These persons and things were in ancient times, and therefore it is not strange if now they be so little known. But that might have been with equal truth said of divers other parts of this account. Or rather, 2. But those blessed times and things are long since past and gone. Our ancestors then had the dominion over the heathen, but their degenerate posterity are now slaves to them in Chaldea, Persia, &c., where they are…
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 4 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Chronicles 4:22 And Jokim, and the men of Chozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had the dominion in Moab, and Jashubilehem. And [these are] ancient things.Ver. 22. Who had the dominion in Moab.] Ruled as viceroys under the kings of Judah, who had subdued Moab. And these are ancient things.] Old and obsolete, Vatablus rendereth it. Ista nomina sunt virorum veterum, these are the names of such as lived long since. Haec sunt nomina prisca priscorum heroum: A Lapide. Thus writeth Ezra; who yet lived before that Socrates taught in Athens, and before any chronicles of the world now extant in the world. Such is the antiquity of holy writ.
Read John Trapp on 1 Chronicles 4 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English ReadersII.—SONS OF SHELAH, THIRD SON OF JUDAH, 1 Chronicles 4:21-23 (omitted by Syriac version). The Shelanite clans were not noticed in 1 Chronicles 2 (See Genesis 38:5 and 1 Chronicles 2:3.) (21) Er.—This Er who founded Lecah is, of course, distinct from Er “the firstborn of Judah.” Lecah is unknown. Mareshah, a town in the lowlands of Judah, is connected with Caleb (1 Chronicles 2:42). Such statements are not contradictory. At different periods different tribal divisions might have been settled in the same city. The present statement need only mean that Mareshah was a Shelanite foundation. The families of the house of them that wrought fine linen.—“The clans of the house of Byssus work at…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 4 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 22. And Joash, and Saraph] "And the prophets and scribes which sprang from the seed of Joshua, and the Gibeonites, whose office it was to serve in the house of the sanctuary, because they had lied to the princes of Israel; also Joash, who is the same as Mahlon; and Saraph, who is the same as Chilion, who took wives of the daughters of Moab and Boaz, the chief of the wise men of the college of Bethlehem, and of those who existed in former days." - T.
Read AdamClarke on 1 Chronicles 4 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges22. and Joash, and Saraph, who etc.] Targ. “and Joash who is Mahlon and Seraph who is Chilion who took wives of the daughters of Moab” (cp. Rth 1:2; Rth 1:4). There is little to be said for the identification, which rests on the fact that the Hebrew word for had dominion might be translated married. We find no other trace of these two as rulers of Moab. and Jashubi-lehem] Vulg. who returned to Bethlehem, a translation which requires only an easy emendation of the present Hebrew text. Mahlon and Chilion did not return. Joash and Saraph may have retired to Moab either (like Mahlon and Chilion) because of a famine, or to escape foreign oppression, e.g. that of the Chaldeans, married wives…
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 4 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleWho had the dominion in Moab - Moab was conquered by David 2 Samuel 8:2, and again by Omri, after which it remained subject until the death of Ahab 2 Kings 3:5.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Chronicles 4 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Jokim, the men of Cozeba, and Joash and Saraph, who ruled in Moab and Jashubi-lehem. (These names are from ancient records.)
and Jokim, and the men of Cozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had dominion in Moab, and Jashubilehem. These records are ancient.
Jokim, the men of Cozeba, and Joash and Saraph, who ruled in Moab and Jashubi-lehem. (These names are from ancient records.)
Jokim, the men of Cozeba, and Joash and Saraph, both of whom ruled in Moab and Jashubi Lehem. (This information is from ancient records.)
Tyndale line
And Jokim, and the men of Chozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had the dominion in Moab, and Jashubi-lehem. And these are ancient things.
and Jokim, and the men of Cozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had dominion in Moab, and Jashubi-lehem. And the records are ancient.
and Jokim, and the men of Cozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had dominion in Moab, and Jashubi-lehem. And the records are ancient.
And Jokim, and the men of Chozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had the dominion in Moab, and Jashubi-lehem. And these are ancient things.
And Iokim and the men of Chozeba and Ioash, and Saraph, which had the dominion in Moab, and Iashubi Lehem. These also are auncient things.
Strictly literal
and Jokim, and the men of Chozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who ruled over Moab, and Jashubi-lehem. And these are ancient things.
and Jokim, and the men of Chozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who ruled over Moab and Jashubi-Lehem; and these things [are] ancient.
and Jokim, and the men of Chozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who ruled over Moab and Jashubi-Lehem; and these things [are] ancient.
And Jokim, and the men of Cozeba, and Joash, and Saraph, who had dominion in Moab, and Jashubi-lechem. And these are ancient things.
Jokim, the men of Kozeba, and Joash and Saraph, who ruled in Moab and Jashubi Lehem. (This information is from ancient records.)
From the Latin
And he that made the sun to stand, and the men of Lying, and Secure, and Burning, who were princes in Moab, and who returned into Lahem. Now these are things of old.
Simplified
Jokim, the men of Cozeba, and Joash and Saraph, who ruled over Moab and Jashubi Lehem. (These are old records.)
And Jokim, and the men of Cozeba, and Joash and Saraph, who were rulers in Moab, and went back to Beth-lehem. And the records are very old.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree on the wording of this verse, with ten of the twelve words matched. The Septuagint's word order differs, but the essential names and their roles remain intact.
וְיוֹקִ֞ים וְאַנְשֵׁ֣י כֹזֵבָ֗א וְיוֹאָ֧שׁ וְשָׂרָ֛ף אֲשֶׁר־ בָּעֲל֥וּ לְמוֹאָ֖ב וְיָשֻׁ֣בִי לָ֑חֶם וְהַדְּבָרִ֖ים עַתִּיקִֽים׃
10 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 4:22
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יוֹקִים (Yowqiym) refers to Jokim, an Israelite from the tribe of Judah, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:22. The name means 'Jehovah raises up.' The entries indicate that Jokim is a descendant of Judah and also reference a king of Judah, son of Josiah, and a priest, son of Jeshua.
יְהוֹיָקִים, יוֹיָקִים, יוֹקִים n.pr.m. (י׳ raiseth up)
one of the last kings of Judah, son of Josiah
priest, son of Jeshua
a Judaite
base
H3137 יְהוֹיָקִים, יוֹיָקִים, יוֹקִים
3137 Yowqiym yo-keem'
a form of 3113; Jokim, an Israelite:--Jokim.
see HEBREW for 03113
יוֹקִים (yo.qim) — Jokim.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.22;
son of: Shelah (H7956);
brother of: Er (H6147H), Laadah (H3935), Joash (H3101K) and Saraph (H8315)
§ Jokim = "Jehovah raises up"
a descendant of Judah
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
jo'-kim (yoqim, "Yahweh raises up"; compare JEHOIAKIM; JOIAKIM): A Judahite, descendant of Shelah (1Ch 4:22).
Jokim
Whom Jehovah has set up, one of the descendants of Shelah (1 Chr. 4:22).
(whom Jehovah has set up), one of the sons of Shelah the son of Judah. (1 Chronicles 4:22)
that made the sun stand still
אֱנוֹשׁ (enowsh) refers to man or mankind, often used in a poetic context. It denotes a mortal individual, distinguishing humans from more dignified terms for man. The word encompasses both singular and collective meanings, indicating people or persons in general. Its Aramaic equivalent is אֱנָשׁ (e.nash), also meaning 'man'.
אֱנוֹשׁ n.m. man, mankind, mostly poet.
of individ.
coll. men
man, mankind
base
H582 אֱנוֹשׁ man, mankind, mostly poet.
582 'enowsh en-oshe'
from 605; properly, a mortal (and thus differing from the
more dignified 120); hence, a man in general (singly or
collectively):--another, X (blood-)thirsty, certain,
chap(-man); divers, fellow, X in the flower of their age,
husband, (certain, mortal) man, people, person, servant, some
( X of them), + stranger, those, + their trade. It is often
unexpressed in the English versions, especially when used in
apposition with another word . Compare 376.
see HEBREW for 0605
see HEBREW for 0120
see HEBREW for 0376
אֱנוֹשׁ (e.nosh) — human.
1) man, mortal man, person, mankind
1a) of an individual
1b) men (collective)
1c) man, mankind
Aramaic equivalent: e.nash (אֱנָשׁ "man" H0606)
HC/Ncmpc — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural constructHC/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
כֹזֵבָ֗א (Kozba') refers to a place name in Palestine, specifically a city in Judah. The name is associated with the meaning of 'falsehood' and is noted as another name for אַכְזִיב (Achzib). It appears in 1 Chronicles 4:22.
כֹּֽזֵבָ֗א n.pr.loc. 1 Ch 4:22
ref
H3578 כֹזֵבָ֗א, כֹּזְבָא
3578 Kozba' ko-zeb-aw'
from 3576; fallacious; Cozeba, a place in
Palestine:--Choseba.
see HEBREW for 03576
כֹּֽזֵבָ֗א (ko.ze.va) — Cozeba.
Chozeba = "falsehood"
a city in Judah
Another name of akh.ziv (אַכְזִיב "Achzib" H0392G)
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
The Hebrew word יוֹאָשׁ (*yo'ash*) refers to Joash, a name associated with several figures in the Old Testament. It is derived from a root meaning 'given by the Lord.' Notably, it identifies the 8th king of Judah, the 12th king of Israel, and the father of Gideon, among others. The entries consistently highlight these connections without significant disagreement.
יְהוֹאָשׁ, יוֹאָשׁ n.pr.m. (י׳ is strong)
king of Judah, son of Ahaziah
king of Israel, son of Jehoahaz
father of Gideon
a prince of Ahab’s house
one of David’s heroes
a Judaite prince
base
H3101 יְהוֹאָשׁ, יוֹאָשׁ
3101 Yow'ash yo-awsh'
or Yoash (2 Chron. 24:1) {yo-awsh'}; a form of 3060; Joash,
the name of six Israelites:--Joash.
see HEBREW for 03060
יוֹאָשׁ (yo.ash) — Joash.
A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.6.11;
father of: Gideon (H1439)
§ Joash = "given by the Lord"
1) son of king Ahaziah and the 8th king of Judah
2) son of king Jehoahaz and the 12th king of the northern kingdom of Israel
3) father of Gideon
4) a son of king Ahab
5) a descendant of Shelah the son of Judah; either the son of Shelah or the son of Jokim
6) son of Shemaah of Gibeah who resorted to David at Ziklag
יוֹאָשׁ (yo.ash) — Joash.
A man of the Kingdom of Israel, living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.22.26;
son of: Ahab (H0256);
brother of: Ahaziah (H0274), Joram (H3141H) and Athaliah (H6271)
§ Joash = "given by the Lord"
1) son of king Ahaziah and the 8th king of Judah
2) son of king Jehoahaz and the 12th king of the northern kingdom of Israel
3) father of Gideon
4) a son of king Ahab
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Joash
Whom Jehovah bestowed. (1.) A contracted form of Jehoash, the father of Gideon (Judg. 6:11, 29; 8:13, 29, 32).
(2.) One of the Benjamite archers who joined David at Ziklag (1 Chr. 12:3).
(3.) One of King Ahab’s sons (1 Kings 22:26).
(4.) King of Judah (2 Kings 11:2; 12:19, 20). (See JEHOASH [1].)
(5.) King of Israel (2 Kings 13:9, 12, 13, 25). (See JEHOASH [2].)
(6.) 1 Chr. 7:8.
(7.) One who had charge of the royal stores of oil under David and Solomon (1 Chr. 27:28).
(to whom Jehovah hastens, i.e. to help), contracted from JEHOASH. Son of Ahaziah king of Judah (B.C. 884), and the only one of his children who escaped the murderous hand of Athaliah. After his father’s sister Jehoshabeath, the wife of Jehoiada the high priest, had stolen him from among the king’s sons, he was hidden for six years in the chambers of the temple. In the seventh year of his age and of his concealment, a successful revolution, conducted by Jehoiada, placed him on the throne of his ancestors, and freed the country from the tyranny and idolatries of Athaliah. For at least twenty-three years, while Jehoiada lived, his reign was very prosperous; but after the death of Jehoiada, Joash fell into the hands of bad advisers, at whose suggestion he revived the worship of Baal and Ashtaroth. When he was rebuked for this by Zechariah, the son of Jehoiada, Joash caused him to be stoned…
who despairs or burns
1. Son of Becher 1Ch 7:8
2. Keeper of the stores of oil 1Ch 27:28
3. Father of Gideon Jud 6:11,29,31; 7:14; 8:13,29-32
5. Also called JEHOASH
→ (Son of Ahaziah and king of Judah)
Saved from his grandmother by Jehosheba, his aunt, and hidden for six years 2Ki 11:1-3; 2Ch 22:11,12
Anointed king by the priest, Jehoiada 2Ki 11:12-21; 2Ch 23
שָׂרָף (saraph) refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, specifically mentioned in 1 Chronicles 4:22 as a son of Shelah. The name is linked to the root meaning 'to burn,' but the entries focus on its identification as a personal name rather than its etymological implications.
שָׂרָף n.pr.m. a Judahite;—1 Ch 4:22
ref
H8315 שָׂרָף
8315 Saraph saw-raf'
the same as 8314; Saraph, an Israelite:--Saraph.
see HEBREW for 08314
שָׂרָף (sa.raph) — Saraph.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.22;
son of: Shelah (H7956);
brother of: Er (H6147H), Laadah (H3935), Jokim (H3137) and Joash (H3101K)
§ Saraph = "to burn"
a Judaite, son of Shelah who ruled in Moab
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
sa'-raf, sa'-raf (saraph, "noble one"; compare saraph, "burn" "shine"): A descendant of Judah through Shelah (1Ch 4:22).
(burning) mentioned in (1 Chronicles 4:22) among the descendants of Judah.
→ A descendant of Shelah 1Ch 4:22
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
Rel — ParticleHTr
בָּעַל (ba`al) is a Hebrew root meaning to marry or to rule over. It encompasses the ideas of having dominion, being a husband, and being married, with variations in usage across different forms, such as the Niphal, which indicates the state of being married. The entries highlight its dual focus on marital relationships and authority.
בָּעַל vb. marry, rule over
Qal
marry
rule over
Niph. be married
base
H1166 בָּעַל marry, rule over
1166 ba`al baw-al'
a primitive root; to be master; hence, (as denominative from
1167) to marry:--have dominion (over), be husband,
marry(-ried, X wife).
see HEBREW for 01167
בָּעַל (ba.al) — Married.
This name means to be married
Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
בָּעַל (ba.al) — rule: to rule.
1) to rule over, possess, own
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be lord over
1a2) to rule over
1b) (Niphal) to be ruled
§ 1) to marry, rule over, possess, own
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to marry, be lord (husband) over
1a2) to rule over
1b) (Niphal) to be married
בָּעַל (ba.al) — rule: to marry.
1) to marry, possess, own, rule over
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to marry, be lord (husband) over
1b) (Niphal) to be married
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
מוֹאָב (Moab) refers to both a person and a territory. It denotes Moab, the son of Lot by his eldest daughter, and the nation and land descended from him. The name means 'of his father,' highlighting the incestuous origins of Moab. The term appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, including references to the Moabites and their territory.
מוֹאָב, מֹאָב 180 n.pr.gent. et terr. Moab
Moab as son of Lot by his elder daughter
Moab:
= nation of which Lot’s son is represented as ancestor
= territory of Moab
base
H4124 מוֹאָב, מֹאָב Moab
4124 Mow'ab mo-awb
from a prolonged form of the prepositional prefix m- and 1;
from (her (the mother's)) father; Moab, an incestuous son of
Lot; also his territory and descendants:--Moab.
see HEBREW for 01
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — Moab.
Moab = "of his father"
the nation descended from the son of Lot
Also named: mo.a.vi (מוֹאָבִי "Moab" H4125)
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — Moab.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.19.37;
son of: Lot (H3876) and his first daughter (H3876H);
half-brother of Ben-ammi (H1151);
§ Moab = "of his father"
1) a son of Lot by his eldest daughter
2) the nation descended from the son of Lot
3) the land inhabited by the descendants of the son of Lot
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — (Plains of) Moab.
Combined with a.ra.vah (עֲרָבָה " Plains" H6160I)
§ Moab = "of his father"
the land inhabited by the descendants of the son of Lot
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
Moab
The seed of the father, or, according to others, the desirable land, the eldest son of Lot (Gen. 19:37), of incestuous birth.
(2.) Used to denote the people of Moab (Num. 22:3-14; Judg. 3:30; 2 Sam. 8:2; Jer. 48:11, 13).
(3.) The land of Moab (Jer. 48:24), called also the “country of Moab” (Ruth 1:2, 6; 2:6), on the east of Jordan and the Dead Sea, and south of the Arnon (Num. 21:13, 26). In a wider sense it included the whole region that had been occupied by…
(of his father), Mo’abites. Moab was the son of the Lot’s eldest daughter, the progenitor of the Moabites. Zoar was the cradle of the race of Lot. From this centre the brother tribes spread themselves. The Moabites first inhabited the rich highlands which crown the eastern side of the chasm of the Dead Sea, extending as far north as the mountain of Gilead, from which country they expelled the Emims, the original inhabitants, (2:11) but they themselves were afterward driven southward by the warlike Amorites, who had crossed the Jordan, and were confined to the country south of the river Arnon, which formed their northern boundary. (Numbers 21:13; Judges 11:18) The territory occupied by Moab at the period of its greatest extent, before the invasion of the Amorites, divided itself…
of his father
יָשֻׁ֫בִי לָ֑חֶם n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 4:22
ref
H3433 יָשֻׁ֫בִי לָ֑חֶם, יָשֻׁבִי לֶחֶם
3433 Yashubiy Lechem yaw-shoo-bee' leh'-khem
from 7725 and 3899; returner of bread; Jashubi-Lechem, an
Israelite:--Jashubi-lehem. (Prob. the text should be pointed
Yoshbev Lechem {yo-sheh-bay' leh'-khem}, and rendered "(they
were) inhabitants of Lechem," i.e. of Bethlehem (by
contraction). Compare 3902).
see HEBREW for 07725
see HEBREW for 03899
see HEBREW for 03902
יָשֻׁ֫בִי לָ֑חֶם (ya.shu.vi le.chem) — Lehem.
Jashubi-lehem = "returner of bread"
a descendant of Shelah, the son of Judah by Bath-shua the Canaanitess
Another name of bet le.chem (בֵּית לֶ֫חֶם "Bethlehem" H1035G)
N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
יָשֻׁ֫בִי לָ֑חֶם n.pr.m. in Judah 1 Ch 4:22
ref
H3433 יָשֻׁ֫בִי לָ֑חֶם, יָשֻׁבִי לֶחֶם
3433 Yashubiy Lechem yaw-shoo-bee' leh'-khem
from 7725 and 3899; returner of bread; Jashubi-Lechem, an
Israelite:--Jashubi-lehem. (Prob. the text should be pointed
Yoshbev Lechem {yo-sheh-bay' leh'-khem}, and rendered "(they
were) inhabitants of Lechem," i.e. of Bethlehem (by
contraction). Compare 3902).
see HEBREW for 07725
see HEBREW for 03899
see HEBREW for 03902
יָשֻׁ֫בִי לָ֑חֶם (ya.shu.vi le.chem) — Lehem.
Jashubi-lehem = "returner of bread"
a descendant of Shelah, the son of Judah by Bath-shua the Canaanitess
Another name of bet le.chem (בֵּית לֶ֫חֶם "Bethlehem" H1035G)
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
דָּבָר (dabar) means 'word' or 'speech' and encompasses a range of meanings including discourse, saying, and matter. It can refer to anything spoken or a topic of discussion, extending to concepts like business or affairs. The entries consistently highlight its use in various contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicographers.
דָּבָר 1439 n.m. speech, word
sg. speech, discourse, saying, word, as the sum of that which is spoken
sg. saying, utterance, sentence, as a section of a discourse
sg. a word, words
sg. matter, affair, thing about which one speaks
base
H1697 דָּבָר speech, word . sg. speech, discourse, saying, word, as the sum of that which is spoken
. sg. saying, utterance, sentence, as a section of a discourse
. sg. a word, words
. sg. matter, affair, thing about which one speaks
1697 dabar daw-baw'
from 1696; a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or
thing; adverbially, a cause:--act, advice, affair, answer, X
any such (thing), because of, book, business, care, case,
cause, certain rate, + chronicles, commandment, X
commune(-ication), + concern(-ing), + confer, counsel, +
dearth, decree, deed, X disease, due, duty, effect, +
eloquent, errand, (evil favoured-)ness, + glory, + harm, hurt,
+ iniquity, + judgment, language, + lying, manner, matter,
message, (no) thing, oracle, X ought, X parts, + pertaining, +
please, portion, + power, promise, provision, purpose,
question, rate, reason, report, request, X (as hast) said,
sake, saying, sentence, + sign, + so, some (uncleanness),
somewhat to say, + song, speech, X spoken, talk, task, + that,
X there done, thing (concerning), thought, + thus, tidings,
what(-soever), + wherewith, which, word, work.
see HEBREW for 01696
דָּבָר (da.var) — word.
: word/speech/command
1) speech, word, speaking, thing
1a) speech
1b) saying, utterance
1c) word, words
1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)
דָּבָר (da.var) — word: speaking.
: speaking
1) speech, word, speaking, thing
1a) speech
1b) saying, utterance
1c) word, words
1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)
דָּבָר (da.var) — word: thing.
: thing/matter
1) speech, word, speaking, thing
1a) speech
1b) saying, utterance
1c) word, words
1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)
דָּבָר (da.var) — word: promised.
: promised/duty
1) speech, word, speaking, thing
1a) speech
1b) saying, utterance
1c) word, words
1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)
דָּבָר (da.var) — word: deed.
: deed
Conj | Art | N-mp — Conjunction · particle · noun common masculine plural absoluteHC/Td/Ncmpa
עַתִּיק (attiyq) refers to something that is removed or old, with a particular emphasis on being ancient. It can also imply being weaned or taken away. The word is linked to the root found in H6275, and its Aramaic equivalent is noted as well.
[עַתִּיק] removed, old
base
H6267 [עַתִּיק] removed, old
6267 attiyq at-teek'
from 6275; removed, i.e. weaned; also antique:--ancient,
drawn.
see HEBREW for 06275
עַתִּיק (at.tiq) — ancient/taken.
1) removed, weaned, old, ancient, taken away
1a) removed, weaned
1b) old, ancient
Aramaic equivalent: at.tiq (עַתִּיק "ancient" H6268)
Adj — AdjHAampa
an'-shent: This word renders several Hebrew words:
(1) qedhem, which denotes "beforetime," "yore"; generally the remote past (compare De 33:15, "ancient mountains"; Jud 5:21, Kishon, the "ancient river"; Isa 19:11 "ancient kings").
(2) zaqen, "old" in years. Whereas the King James Version generally renders the word by "old" (or "elders" when the plural form is found) in six cases "ancient" is used and "ancients" in nine cases. See ANCIENTS.
(3) `olam, which denotes "long duration" --past or future. In regard to the past it suggests remote antiquity. The connotation may be discovered in such expressions as: "the years of ancient times" (Ps 77:5); "ancient land-mark" or "paths"…