1 Chronicles 2:18 — Word Study
WLCוְכָלֵ֣ב בֶּן־ חֶצְר֗וֹן הוֹלִ֛יד אֶת־ עֲזוּבָ֥ה אִשָּׁ֖ה וְאֶת־ יְרִיע֑וֹת וְאֵ֣לֶּה בָנֶ֔יהָ יֵ֥שֶׁר וְשׁוֹבָ֖ב וְאַרְדּֽוֹן׃
BSACalebKâlêb [son of Hezron, a descendant of Judah] sonbên of HezronChetsrôwn had childrenyâlad■ by his wifeʼishshâh AzubahʻĂzûwbâh [forsaken, deserted] and by JeriothYᵉrîyʻôwth△ [his other wife, a woman of Judah] These [were]ʼêl-leh the sons of Azubahbên JesherYêsher△ [upright, just] ShobabShôwbâb [rebellious, turning back] and ArdonʼArdôwn△ [wandering, roaming]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְכָלֵ֣ב | and Caleb | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| בֶּן־ | [the] son of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| חֶצְר֗וֹן | Hezron | Noun proper masculine |
| הוֹלִ֛יד | he fathered | Verb, Hiphil, perfect third person masculine singular |
| אֶת־ | with | Particle |
| עֲזוּבָ֥ה | Azubah | Noun proper feminine |
| אִשָּׁ֖ה | a wife | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| וְאֶת־ | and with | Conjunction, preposition |
| יְרִיע֑וֹת | Jerioth | Noun proper feminine |
| וְאֵ֣לֶּה | and these | Conjunction, particle |
| בָנֶ֔יהָ | [were] sons her | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| יֵ֥שֶׁר | Jesher | Noun proper masculine |
| וְשׁוֹבָ֖ב | and Shobab | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְאַרְדּֽוֹן׃ | and Ardon | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Caleb son of Hezron had children by his wife Azubah and by Jerioth. These were the sons of Azubah: Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon. |
| KJV | ¶ And Caleb the son of Hezron begat children of Azubah his wife, and of Jerioth: her sons are these; Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon. |
| ASV | And Caleb the son of Hezron begat children of Azubah his wife, and of Jerioth; and these were her sons: Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon. |
| YLT | And Caleb son of Hezron hath begotten Azubah, Isshah, and Jerioth; and these [are] her sons: Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon. |
| WEB | Caleb the son of Hezron became the father of children by Azubah his wife, and by Jerioth; and these were her sons: Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon. |
| BBE | And Caleb, the son of Hezron, had children by Azubah his wife, the daughter of Jerioth; and these were her sons: Jesher and Shobab and Ardon. |
Where they part company is in the phrasing regarding Caleb's wives — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has a main clause with additional prepositional and noun phrases that describe Caleb's family.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
verbיָלַד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
3 of 14 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 2:18
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Lineage of Calebgenerated
1 Chronicles 2:18 presents a genealogy that highlights Caleb, a significant figure from the tribe of Judah. This verse lists his children by his wives Azubah and Jerioth, emphasizing the importance of lineage in Israel's history. The context of this genealogy connects to the broader narrative of the Israelites' journey and settlement in the Promised Land, showcasing the families that played key roles.
Cross References
The Key Word — כָּלֵב, ve.kha.Levgenerated
The name כָּלֵב (*Kaleb*) is a proper noun referring to Caleb, a prominent figure in the Old Testament known for his faithfulness and bravery. He is first introduced in Numbers 13:30 as one of the spies sent to scout the Promised Land, where he advocated for its conquest.
The parsing indicates that כָּלֵב is a masculine proper noun, showing that it identifies a specific individual rather than a common term. The name also carries connotations of loyalty and strength, which are significant traits attributed to Caleb throughout the biblical narrative.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb is הוֹלִ֛יד, he fathered, which governs the entire clause. The structure includes the subject כָּלֵב and specifies the relationships with his wives and children.
The sentence is constructed with a series of noun phrases that detail Caleb's lineage, starting with his name and extending to his children, which emphasizes the familial connections.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, Caleb is rendered as ξαλεβ, maintaining the personal name while adapting it to Greek phonetics. This choice indicates a direct translation of the name without alteration of meaning.
The Greek term υἱὸς, meaning 'son', is used in the Septuagint to translate the Hebrew בֶּן־, showing continuity in the concept of lineage across the translations.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 2:18 tells us that Caleb, son of Hezron, had children with his wife Azubah and another wife, Jerioth. The verse lists their sons: Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon, highlighting Caleb's importance in the genealogy of Judah.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Caleb was a leader from the tribe of Judah, known for his faith and bravery during the Israelites' journey to the Promised Land, as seen in Numbers 13:30.
Azubah means 'forsaken' and refers to Caleb's wife, as mentioned in this genealogy.
Genealogy in the Bible establishes lineage, inheritance, and the fulfillment of God's promises through specific families, particularly in relation to the tribes of Israel.
Caleb's sons mentioned in this verse are Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn from Caleb's example of faith and leadership?
- How does understanding genealogies enhance our knowledge of biblical history?
- In what ways can we honor our family heritage and lineage today?
- What significance do the names of Caleb's sons hold in the context of their family line?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 2:18 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Caleb the son of Hezron,.... The same that is called Chelubai, 1 Chronicles 2:9 but not the same with Caleb the son of Jephunneh, made mention of in the books of Numbers, Joshua, and Judges: he
Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 2 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Caleb the son of Hezron begat children of Azubah his wife, and of Jerioth: her sons are these; Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon. Caleb the son of Hezron. The notices concerning this person appear confused in our version.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 2 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleNot that Caleb, , for he was the son of Jephunneh, of whom he speaks, ; but another Caleb. Her sons, i.e. the sons, either, 1. Of Jerioth, she being last mentioned; or rather, 2. Of Azubah, who is by way of distinction called his wife, when Jerioth probably was only his concubine, and, as it may seem, barren; and therefore upon Azubah’ s death he married another wife, . And those other sons of this Caleb, mentioned below, , are his sons by some other wife distinct from all these.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 2 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(18) And Caleb the son of Hezron begat children of Azubah his wife.—The Heb. text, as it stands, does not say this. The primâ facie rendering is, “And Caleb son of Hezron begat Azubah a woman, and Jerioth: and these (are) her sons; Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon.” But 1 Chronicles 2:19 continues: “And Azubah died, and Caleb took to himself (as wife) Ephrath,” which of course suggests that Azubah was not daughter but a former wife of Caleb. 1 Chronicles 2:18 has also been translated, “And Caleb son of Hezron caused Azubah a wife and Jerioth to bear children.” (Comp. Isaiah 66:9.) It seems best to read, “his wife, daughter of Jerioth (’ishtô -bath.Ierioth), instead of the text (ishshah ve’eth…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 2 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 18. Azubah] "And why was she called Azubah? Because she was barren and despised. But her injury was manifested before the Lord; and she was comforted, and adorned with wisdom; and she span, skilfully, goats' hair for the court of the tabernacle." - T.
Read AdamClarke on 1 Chronicles 2 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges18–20. The Genealogy of Bezaleel It is quite in accordance with the mind of the Chronicler to single out the artificer of the Tabernacle (“Tent of Meeting”) and tell his family history (cp. Exodus 31:2 ff.).
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 2 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleIn the remainder of this chapter the writer obtains scarcely any assistance from the earlier Scriptures, and must have drawn almost entirely from genealogical sources, accessible to him, which have since perished.
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Chronicles 2 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Caleb son of Hezron had children by his wife Azubah and by Jerioth. These were the sons of Azubah: Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.
Caleb the son of Hezron became the father of children by Azubah his wife, and by Jerioth; and these were her sons: Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.
Caleb son of Hezron had children by his wife Azubah and by Jerioth. These were the sons of Azubah: Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.
Caleb son of Hezron fathered sons by his wife Azubah (also known as Jerioth). Her sons were Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.
Tyndale line
¶ And Caleb the son of Hezron begat children of Azubah his wife, and of Jerioth: her sons are these; Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon.
And Caleb the son of Hezron begat children of Azubah his wife, and of Jerioth; and these were her sons: Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon.
And Caleb the son of Hezron begat children of Azubah his wife, and of Jerioth: and these were her sons; Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon.
And Caleb the son of Hezron begat children of Azubah his wife, and of Jerioth: her sons are these; Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon.
And Caleb the sonne of Hezron begate Ierioth of Azubah his wife, and her sonnes are these, Iesher, and Shobab, and Ardon.
Strictly literal
And Caleb the son of Hezron had children by Azubah [his] wife, and by Jerioth: her sons are these: Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon.
And Caleb son of Hezron hath begotten Azubah, Isshah, and Jerioth; and these [are] her sons: Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon.
And Caleb son of Hezron has begotten Azubah, Isshah, and Jerioth; and these [are] her sons: Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon.
And Caleb the son of Chezron begat [children] of 'Azubah his wife, and of Jeri'oth; and these are her sons: Jesher, and Shobab, and Ardon.
Caleb son of Hezron became the father of children by Azubah, his wife, and by Jerioth. His sons were Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.
From the Latin
And Caleb the son of Hesron took a wife named Azuba, of whom he had Jerioth: and her sons were Jaser, and Sobab, and Ardon.
Simplified
Caleb son of Hezron had children by his wife Azubah, and also by Jerioth. These were her sons: Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon.
And Caleb, the son of Hezron, had children by Azubah his wife, the daughter of Jerioth; and these were her sons: Jesher and Shobab and Ardon.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text states that Caleb son of Hezron had children by his wife Azubah and by Jerioth, naming the sons of Azubah as Jesher, Shobab, and Ardon. The Septuagint has a similar structure, matching 11 of the 14 words from the Masoretic Text, indicating a general agreement in content, though it presents the information with different word order and articles. The Samaritan Pentateuch and the Dead Sea Scrolls are not available for comparison in this instance, so their readings remain unexamined here.
וְכָלֵ֣ב בֶּן־ חֶצְר֗וֹן הוֹלִ֛יד אֶת־ עֲזוּבָ֥ה אִשָּׁ֖ה וְאֶת־ יְרִיע֑וֹת וְאֵ֣לֶּה בָנֶ֔יהָ יֵ֥שֶׁר וְשׁוֹבָ֖ב וְאַרְדּֽוֹן׃
11 of the 14 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 2:18
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word כָּלֵב (*Kaleb*) refers to a personal name, specifically Caleb, the son of Jephunneh. He is noted as a faithful spy in the Old Testament who advocated for the capture of the Promised Land. The name is also associated with the meaning 'dog.' There are references to other individuals named Caleb, including a descendant of Hezron.
כָּלֵב n.pr.m. son of יְפֻנֶּה
base
H3612 כָּלֵב son of יְפֻנֶּה
3612 Kaleb kaw-labe'
perhaps a form of 3611, or else from the same root in the
sense of forcible; Caleb, the name of three
Israelites:--Caleb.
see HEBREW for 03611
כָּלֵב (ka.lev) — Caleb.
A man living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness and Israel before the Monarchy, first mentioned at Num.13.6;
son of: Jephunneh (H3312);
brother of: Kenaz (H7073I);
father of: Achsah (H5915), Iru (H5900), Elah (H0425J), Naam (H5277)
Also named: ka.lib.bo (כָּלִבִּי "Calebite" H3614)
§ Caleb = "dog"
1) the godly son of Jephunneh and the faithful spy who reported the Promised Land favourably and urged its capture
2) son of Hezron and grandson of Pharez and great grandson of Judah and the father of Hur and grandfather of Caleb the spy
כָּלֵב (ka.lev) — Caleb.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at 1Ch.2.9;
son of: Hezron (H2696H);
brother of: Ram (H7410), Jerahmeel (H3396), Segub (H7687H) and Ashhur (H0806); married to Azubah (H5806H), Jerioth (H3408), Ephrathah (H0672), Ephah (H5891H) and Maacah…
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
ka'-leb (kalebh; in the light of the cognate Syriac and Arabic words, the meaning is not "dog," which is kelebh, in Hebrew, but "raging with canine madness"; Chaleb): As a person, Caleb, the son of Jephunneh, occurs in the story of the spies (Nu 13 ff). He represents the tribe of Judah as its prince (Nu 13:6; compare Nu 13:2). While the majority of the men sent out by Moses bring back evil report, Caleb and Hoshea, or Joshua, the son of Nun, are the only ones to counsel the invasion of the promised land (Nu 13:30; 14:6 ff). Accordingly, these two alone are permitted to survive (Nu 14:38; 32:12). Upon the conquest and distribution of the land by Joshua, Caleb reminds the…
Caleb
A dog. (1.) One of the three sons of Hezron of the tribe of Judah. He is also called Chelubai (1 Chr. 2:9). His descendants are enumerated (18-20, 42-49).
(2.) A “son of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah” (1 Chr. 2:50). Some would read the whole passage thus: “These [i.e., the list in ver. 42-49] were the sons of Caleb. The sons of Hur, the firstborn of Ephratah, were Shobal, etc.” Thus Hur would be the name of the son and not the father of Caleb (ver. 19).
(3.) The son of Jephunneh (Num. 13:6; 32:12; Josh. 14:6, 14). He was one of those whom Moses sent to search the land in the second year after the Exodus. He was one of the family chiefs of the tribe of Judah. He…
(capable). According to (1 Chronicles 2:9,18,19,42,50) the son of Hezron the son of Pharez the son of Judah, and the father of Hur, and consequently grandfather of Caleb the spy. (B.C. about 1600.) Son of Jephunneh, one of the twelve spies sent by Moses to Canaan. (Numbers 13:6) (B.C. 1490.) He and Oshea or Joshua the son of Nun were the only two of the whole number who encouraged the people to enter in boldly to the land and take possession of it. Fortyfive years afterwards Caleb came to Joshua and claimed possession of the land of the Anakim, Kirjath-arba or Hebron, and the neighboring hill country. Josh 14. This was immediately granted to him, and the following chapter relates how he took possession of Hebron, driving out the three sons of Anak; and how he offered Achsah his…
1. Son of Jephunneh, of the tribe of Judah, who was sent, with one man from each of the other tribes, to search out the promised land, Nu 13:1-14:45. Of all the twelve, Caleb and Joshua acted the part of true and faithful men; and they only, of all the grown men of Israel, were permitted to enter Canaan, Nu 14:6-24,38 26:65. He was one of the princes appointed to divide the conquered territory among the tribes, Nu 34:19. Hebron was given to him as a reward of his fidelity, according to the promise of God, De 1:36 Jos 14:1-15. Though eighty-five years old, he still retained his vigor, and soon drove out the Anakim from…
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
חֶצְרוֹן (Chetsrown) refers to both a geographical location in the extreme south of Judah and two individuals: Hezron, a son of Reuben and a son of Perez, grandson of Judah. The name is interpreted as meaning 'surrounded by a wall.' There is some overlap in the references to Hezron as a location and a person, indicating its significance in both contexts.
חֶצְרוֹן, חֶצְרֹן n.pr.loc. et pers.
n. pr. loc.
place in extreme south of Judah
another town of Judah in south
n. pr. m.
son of Reuben
son of Pereṣ and grandson of Judah
base
H2696 חֶצְרוֹן, חֶצְרֹן . n. pr. loc. . place in extreme south of Judah
. another town of Judah in south
. n. pr. m. . son of Reuben
. son of Pereṣ and grandson of Judah
2696 Chetsrown khets-rone'
from 2691; court-yard; Chetsron, the name of a place in
Palestine; also of two Israelites:--Hezron.
see HEBREW for 02691
חֶצְרוֹן (chets.ron) — Hezron.
A man of the tribe of Reuben living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Gen.46.9;
son of: Reuben (H7205);
brother of: Hanoch (H2585J), Pallu (H6396) and Carmi (H3756)
§ Hezron = "surrounded by a wall"
1) a son of Reuben
2) a son of Pharez and grandson of Judah
3) a place in the extreme south of Judah
חֶצְרוֹן (chets.ron) — Hezron.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, first mentioned at Gen.46.12;
son of: Perez (H6557);
brother of: Hamul (H2538); married to daughter_of_Machir (H4353I) and Abiah (H0029J);
father of: Ram (H7410), Jerahmeel (H3396), Caleb (H3612H), Segub (H7687H) and Ashhur (H0806)
§ Hezron = "surrounded by a wall"
1) a son of Reuben
2) a son of Pharez and grandson of Judah
3) a place in the extreme south of Judah
חֶצְרוֹן (chets.ron) — (Kerioth)-hezron.
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Hezron
Enclosed. (1.) One of the sons of Reuben (Gen. 46:9; Ex. 6:14). (2.) The older of the two sons of Pharez (Gen. 46:12). (3.) A plain in the south of Judah, west of Kadesh-barnea (Josh. 15:3).
(surrounded by a wall). A son of Reuben. (Genesis 46:9; Exodus 6:14) A son of Pharez. (Genesis 46:12; Ruth 4:18)
the dart of joy; the division of the song
The Hebrew word יָלַד (*yalad*) means to bear, bring forth, or beget, and it encompasses various forms of childbirth and lineage declaration. It can refer to both the act of giving birth and the role of a midwife. The entries also note its use in contexts of distress and wicked behavior, as well as in reference to birthdays.
יָלַד 497 vb. bear, bring forth, beget
Qal
bear, bring forth
less often beget
of both parents
Niph. be born
Pi. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife
Pu. be born
Hiph.
beget (a father a child)
bear
Hoph. day of one's being born = birthday
Hithp. declared their pedigree
base
H3205 יָלַד bear, bring forth, beget .. bear, bring forth
. less often beget
. of both parents
. be born
. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife
. be born
. . beget (a father a child)
. bear
. day of one's being born = birthday
. declared their pedigree
3205 yalad yaw-lad'
a primitive root; to bear young; causatively, to beget;
medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show
lineage:--bear, beget, birth((-day)), born, (make to) bring
forth (children, young), bring up, calve, child, come, be
delivered (of a child), time of delivery, gender, hatch,
labour, (do the office of a) midwife, declare pedigrees, be
the son of, (woman in, woman that) travail(-eth, -ing woman).
יָלַד (ya.lad) — to beget.
1) to bear, bringforth, beget, gender, travail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to bear, bring forth
1a1a) of child birth
1a1b) of distress (simile)
1a1c) of wicked (behaviour)
1a2) to beget
1b) (Niphal) to be born
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to cause or help to bring forth
1c2) to assist or tend as a midwife
1c3) midwife (participle)
1d) (Pual) to be born
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to beget (a child)
1e2) to bear (fig. -of wicked bringing forth iniquity)
1f) (Hophal) day of birth, birthday (infinitive)
1g) (Hithpael) to declare one's birth (pedigree)
V-Hiphil-Perf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · perfect third person masculine singularHVhp3ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo — ParticleHTo
עֲזוּבָה (Azuwbah) refers to a name meaning "forsaken." It identifies two women in the Old Testament: one is the wife of Caleb and the other is the daughter of Shilhi, married to King Asa and mother of King Jehoshaphat. The name appears in contexts related to the Divided Monarchy.
עֲזוּבָה n.pr.f.
mother of Jehoshaphat
wife of Caleb
base
H5806 עֲזוּבָה
5806 `Azuwbah az-oo-baw'
the same as 5805; Azubah, the name of two
Israelitesses:--Azubah.
see HEBREW for 05805
עֲזוּבָה (a.zu.vah) — Azubah.
A woman living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.22.42;
daughter of: Shilhi (H7977); married to Asa (H0609);
mother of: Jehoshaphat (H3092I)
§ Azubah = "forsaken"
1) wife of Caleb, the son of Hezron
2) daughter of Shilhi, wife of king Asa, and mother of king Jehoshaphat of Judah
עֲזוּבָה (a.zu.vah) — Azubah.
A womanof the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.2.18; married to Caleb (H3612H);
mother of: Jesher@1Ch.2.18 (H3475), Shobab (H7727H), Ardon (H0715)
§ Azubah = "forsaken"
1) wife of Caleb, the son of Hezron
2) daughter of Shilhi, wife of king Asa, and mother of king Jehoshaphat of Judah
N-proper — Noun proper feminineHNpf
Azubah
Deserted. (1.) The wife of Caleb (1 Chr. 2:18, 19).
(2.) The daughter of Shilhi, and mother of king Jehoshaphat (1 Kings 22:42).
(forsaken). Wife of Caleb, son of Hezron. (1 Chronicles 2:18,19) Mother of King Jehoshaphat. (1 Kings 22:42; 2 Chronicles 20:31) (B.C. 950.)
forsaken
אִשָּׁה (ishshah) means 'woman,' 'wife,' or 'female.' It can refer to a woman in general, a wife in relation to a man, or the female of animals. The term also has distributive and reciprocal uses, indicating 'each woman' from her neighbor. The word is derived from the masculine forms אִישׁ (ish) and אִישָׁה (ishah), indicating a broad range of meanings.
אִשָּׁה 773 n.f. woman, wife, female
woman
Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)
Female of animals
With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one
base
H802 אִשָּׁה woman, wife, female . woman
. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)
. Female of animals
. With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one
802 'ishshah ish-shaw'
feminine of 376 or 582; irregular plural, nashiym
{naw-sheem'}; a woman (used in the same wide sense as
582):--(adulter)ess, each, every, female, X many, + none,
one, + together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English.
see HEBREW for 0376
see HEBREW for 0582
see HEBREW for 0582
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman.
: woman
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: wife.
: wife/widow
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: another.
: another
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
wif.
See MARRIAGE; RELATIONSHIPS, FAMILY.
Wife
The ordinance of marriage was sanctioned in Paradise (Gen. 2:24; Matt. 19:4-6). Monogamy was the original law under which man lived, but polygamy early commenced (Gen. 4:19), and continued to prevail all down through Jewish history. The law of Moses regulated but did not prohibit polygamy. A man might have a plurality of wives, but a wife could have only one husband. A wife’s legal rights (Ex. 21:10) and her duties (Prov. 31:10-31; 1 Tim. 5:14) are specified. She could be divorced in special cases (Deut.…
[MARRIAGE]
The Hebrew word אֵת (eth) is a preposition indicating nearness or proximity, often translated as 'with' or 'near.' It conveys a sense of companionship or association, distinguishing itself from similar terms by expressing closer relationships. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including possession and memory, but do not provide specific verse references.
אֵת, prep. with—prep. denoting proximity
Of companionship, together with
Of localities
אֵת פּ׳ denotes specially
in one's possession or keeping
in one's knowledge or memory
מֵאֵת from proximity with
Note. אֵת expresses closer association than עִם: hence while מֵעִם sts. denotes hardly more than from the surroundings or belongings of, מֵאֵת expresses from close proximity to.
base
H854 אֵת with—prep. denoting proximity . Of companionship, together with
. Of localities
. אֵת פּ׳ denotes specially . in one's possession or keeping
. in one's knowledge or memory
. מֵאֵת from proximity with
Note. אֵת expresses closer association than עִם: hence while מֵעִם sts. denotes hardly more than from the surroundings or belongings of, מֵאֵת expresses from close proximity to.
854 'eth ayth
probably from 579; properly, nearness (used only as a
preposition or an adverb), near; hence, generally, with, by,
at, among, etc.:--against, among, before, by, for, from,
in(-to), (out) of, with. Often with another prepositional
prefix.
see HEBREW for 0579
אֵת (et) — with.
1) with, near, together with
1a) with, together with
1b) with (of relationship)
1c) near (of place)
1d) with (poss.)
1e) from...with, from (with other prep)
HC/R — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
יְרִיעוֹת (Yriy`owth) is the plural form of a word meaning 'curtains' and also refers to Jerioth, a woman from the tribe of Judah mentioned in 1 Chronicles 2:18. The entries indicate that Jerioth was married to Caleb and that the term may denote both a personal name and a common noun.
יְרִיעוֹת n.pr.m. (?) only 1 Ch 2:18
ref
H3408 יְרִיעוֹת
3408 Yriy`owth yer-ee-ohth'
plural of 3407; curtains; Jerioth, an Israelitess:--Jerioth.
see HEBREW for 03407
יְרִיעוֹת (ye.ri.ot) — Jerioth.
A womanof the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.2.18; married to Caleb (H3612H)
§ Jerioth = "curtains"
the wife or concubine of Caleb, the son of Hezron of the descendants of Judah
N-proper — Noun proper feminineHNpf
jer'-i-oth, jer'-i-oth (yeri`oth, "(tent-) curtains"): In 1Ch 2:18, where Massoretic Text is corrupt, Kittel in his commentary and in Biblical Hebrew reads "Caleb begat (children) of Azubah his wife, Jerioth." Wellhausen (De Gent. et Fam. Jud., 33) reads, "Caleb begat (children) of Azubah his wife, the daughter of Jerioth." According to English Versions of the Bible, Caleb had two wives, but the context does not bear this out. J. H. Michaelis regarded Jerioth as another name for Azubah. See Curtis, Commentary on Chronicles, 92.
(curtains), one of the elder Caleb’s wives. (1 Chronicles 2:18)
kettles; breaking asunder
→ Wife of Caleb
→ Probably identical with AZUBAH 1Ch 2:18
אֵ֫לֶּה (el-leh) means 'these' and is used in various grammatical contexts, often in apposition to a noun with a pronoun suffix. It can appear with or without the definite article and is sometimes paired with other terms like וְאֵלֶּה (and these). The word conveys a sense of proximity or specification, referring to particular items or people.
אֵ֫לֶּה pr.pl.m. & f. these
in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
with preps.
base
H428 אֵ֫לֶּה these . in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
. repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
. with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
. with preps.
428 'el-leh ale'-leh
prolonged from 411; these or those:--an- (the) other; one
sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those,
thus, which, who(-m).
see HEBREW for 0411
אֵ֫לֶּה (el.leh) — these.
1) these
1a) used before antecedent
1b) used following antecedent
Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)
Conj | Pron — Conjunction · particleHC/Tm
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp3fs
יֶ֫שֶׁר (Yesher) refers to a name meaning 'upright' and is associated with an Israelite mentioned in 1 Chronicles 2:18 as a son of Caleb. The word is derived from a root meaning 'the right.' There is no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meaning or usage.
יֶ֫שֶׁר n.pr.m. (uprightness) son of Caleb 1 Ch 2:18
ref
H3475 יֶ֫שֶׁר, יֵשֶׁר
3475 Yesher yay'-sher
from 3474; the right; Jesher, an Israelite: -Jesher.
see HEBREW for 03474
יֶ֫שֶׁר (ye.sher) — Jesher.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at 1Ch.2.18;
son of: Caleb (H3612H) and Jerioth(?) (H3408);
brother of: Hur (H2354), Shobab (H7727H), Ardon (H0715), Mareshah@1Ch.2.42 (H4337), Haran (H2771B), Moza (H4162), Gazez (H1495), Jahdai (H3056), Sheber (H7669), Tirhanah (H8647), Shaaph (H8174H), Sheva (H7724) and Achsah (H5915H)
§ Jesher = "upright"
one of the sons of Caleb and grandson of Hezron by wife Azubah
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
je'-sher (yesher, or yesher, "uprightness"): A son of Caleb (1Ch 2:18).
Jesher
Uprightness, the first of the three sons of Caleb by Azubah (1 Chr. 2:18).
(uprightness), one of the sons of Caleb the son of Hezron by his wife Azubah. (1 Chronicles 2:18) (B.C. before 1491).
right; singing
שׁוֹבָב (sho.vav) means 'rebellious' and refers to two individuals in the Old Testament: one is a son of David and Bathsheba, and the other is a son of Caleb. The entries indicate that the name is associated with rebellion, and both lexicons confirm the same meanings and references.
שׁוֹבָב n.pr.m.
son of David
son of Caleb
base
H7727 שׁוֹבָב
7727 Showbab sho-bawb'
the same as 7726; rebellious; Shobab, the name of two
Israelites:--Shobab.
see HEBREW for 07726
שׁוֹבָב (sho.vav) — Shobab.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.5.14;
son of: David (H1732) and Bathsheba (H1339);
brother of: Shammua (H8051H), Nathan (H5416) and Solomon (H8010);
half-brother of: Amnon (H0550), Chileab (H3609), Absalom (H0053), Adonijah (H0138), Shephatiah (H8203), Ithream (H3507), Ibhar (H2984), Elishua (H0474), Nepheg (H5298H), Japhia (H3309I), Elishama (H0476H), Eliada (H0450), Eliphelet (H0467), Tamar (H8559H), Elpelet (H0467I), Nogah (H5052) and Jerimoth (H3406N)
§ Shobab = "rebellious"
1) son of David by Bathsheba
2) a Judaite, son of Caleb by his wife Azubah and grandson of Hezron
שׁוֹבָב (sho.vav) — Shobab.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at 1Ch.2.18;
son of: Caleb (H3612H) and Jerioth(?) (H3408);
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Shobab
Apostate. (1.) One of David’s sons by Bathseheba (2 Sam. 5:14).
(2.) One of the sons of Caleb (1 Chr. 2:18), the son of Hezron.
(rebellious). Son of David by Bath-sheba. (2 Samuel 5:14; 1 Chronicles 3:5; 14:4) (B.C. about 1046.) Apparently the son of Caleb the son of Hezron by his wife Azubah. (1 Chronicles 2:18) (B.C. after 1706.)
returned; turned back; a spark
אַרְדּוֹן (Ardon) refers to a man from the tribe of Judah, specifically the son of Caleb, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 2:18. The name is derived from a root meaning 'roaming' and can be interpreted as 'subduer' or 'fugitive.' The lexicons consistently identify Ardon as a notable figure in the genealogies of Israel.
אַרְדּוֹן n.pr.m. son of Caleb, of tribe of Judah 1 Ch 2:18.
done
H715 אַרְדּוֹן
715 'Ardown ar-dohn'
from the same as 714; roaming; Ardon, an Israelite:--Ardon.
see HEBREW for 0714
אַרְדּוֹן (ar.don) — Ardon.
A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Egypt and Wilderness, only mentioned at 1Ch.2.18;
son of: Caleb (H3612H) and Jerioth (H3408)
brother of: Hur (H2354), Jesher (H3475), Shobab (H7727H), Mareshah@1Ch.2.42 (H4337), Haran (H2771B), Moza (H4162), Gazez (H1495), Jahdai (H3056), Sheber (H7669), Tirhanah (H8647), Shaaph (H8174H), Sheva (H7724) and Achsah (H5915H)
§ Ardon = "subduer: fugitive"
a son of Caleb
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
ar'-don ('ardon, meaning unknown): One of the three sons of Caleb and Azubah, of the tribe of Judah (1Ch 2:18).
Ardon
Descendant, the last of the three sons of Caleb by his first wife Azubah (1 Chr. 2:18).
(fugitive) a Son of Caleb, the son of Hezron, by his wife Azubah. (1 Chronicles 2:18)
ruling; a judgment of malediction