1 Chronicles 12:4 — Word Study
WLCוְיִֽשְׁמַֽעְיָ֧ה הַגִּבְעוֹנִ֛י גִּבּ֥וֹר בַּשְּׁלֹשִׁ֖ים וְעַל־ הַשְּׁלֹשִֽׁים׃ וְיִרְמְיָ֤ה וְיַחֲזִיאֵל֙ וְי֣וֹחָנָ֔ן וְיוֹזָבָ֖ד הַגְּדֵרָתִֽי׃
BSAIshmaiahYishmaʻyâh [Jehovah will hear, a leader] the GibeoniteGibʻônîy [from Gibeon, a city of hills] a mighty mangibbôwr [strong warrior, champion] among the Thirtyshᵉlôwshîym [a group of elite fighters] and a leader overʻal [commander, chief] the Thirtyshᵉlôwshîym
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְיִֽשְׁמַֽעְיָ֧ה | and Ishmaiah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| הַגִּבְעוֹנִ֛י | the Gibeonite | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| גִּבּ֥וֹר | a mighty [man] | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בַּשְּׁלֹשִׁ֖ים | among the thirty | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| וְעַל־ | and over | Conjunction, preposition |
| הַשְּׁלֹשִֽׁים׃ | the thirty | Particle, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| וְיִרְמְיָ֤ה | and Jeremiah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְיַחֲזִיאֵל֙ | and Jahaziel | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְי֣וֹחָנָ֔ן | and Johanan | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| וְיוֹזָבָ֖ד | and Jozabad | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| הַגְּדֵרָתִֽי׃ | the Gederathite | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the Thirty and a leader over the Thirty; Jeremiah, Jahaziel, Johanan, and Jozabad the Gederathite; |
| KJV | And Ismaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty; and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Josabad the Gederathite, |
| ASV | and Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty, and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Jozabad the Gederathite, |
| YLT | and Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty one among the thirty, and over the thirty, and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Josabad the Gederathite. |
| WEB | Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty and a leader of the thirty; Jeremiah; Jahaziel; Johanan; Jozabad the Gederathite; |
| BBE | And Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a great man among the thirty, and their chief; and Jeremiah and Jehaziel and Johanan and Jozabad the Gederathite; |
Where they part company is the phrase גִּבּוֹר — see How Translations Differ.
A main clause introduces Ishmaiah, followed by a description of his role and additional names of other warriors, creating a comprehensive list.
5 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 11 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 12:4
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Mighty Men of Davidgenerated
1 Chronicles 12:4 lists notable warriors who served under King David, emphasizing their strength and leadership. Ishmaiah, a Gibeonite, stands out among the elite thirty warriors, showcasing the diverse backgrounds of those who supported David during his reign. This passage reflects the importance of loyalty and valor in David's army, as seen in other accounts of his mighty men, such as in 1 Chronicles 11:10.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Joshua 9:3–17 | But the people of Gibeon, having heard what Joshua had done to Jericho and Ai, |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 11:15 | Three of the thirty chief men went down to David, to the rock at the cave of Adullam, while a company of Philistines was encamped in the Valley of Rephaim. |
| 3 | Joshua 15:36 | Shaaraim, Adithaim, and Gederah (or Gederothaim)—fourteen cities, along with their villages. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יִשְׁמַעְיָה, ve.yish.ma'.Yahgenerated
The name יִשְׁמַעְיָה (Yishma'yah) means 'Jehovah will hear.' It is a proper masculine noun, signifying a person who is either a warrior or a leader. This name appears in contexts that highlight the individual's role and significance in Israel's history, particularly during the reign of King David.
Ishmaiah is noted for his might and leadership among the thirty elite fighters, indicating his importance in the military structure of David's time. The name's roots suggest a divine connection, reflecting the belief that God hears and responds to His people.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause centers around the subject יִשְׁמַעְיָה, Ishmaiah, with several noun phrases detailing his identity and attributes. The structure highlights his role as a leader among the thirty elite warriors, establishing a hierarchy within the military context.
The prepositional phrases בַּשְּׁלֹשִׁ֖ים and וְעַל־ הַשְּׁלֹשִֽׁים emphasize his position both among and over the thirty, indicating his leadership status and the collective strength of this group.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יִשְׁמַעְיָה as σαμαιας, which does not carry the same meaning as the Hebrew. This choice narrows the focus from the divine aspect of the name to a more neutral designation, which may reflect the translators' intent to convey a straightforward identification rather than a theological implication.
The Greek word for גִּבּוֹר is δυνατὸς, meaning 'mighty' or 'powerful,' aligning closely with the Hebrew meaning and emphasizing Ishmaiah's strength.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 12:4 introduces Ishmaiah the Gibeonite as a mighty warrior and leader among David's elite fighters. This verse highlights his strength and leadership, emphasizing the valor of those who supported David during his reign.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Ishmaiah means 'Jehovah will hear,' reflecting a connection to God.
The thirty refers to a group of elite warriors who served under King David.
Gibeonites were known for their cleverness and diplomacy, and Ishmaiah's background adds diversity to David's army.
Ishmaiah is noted for his might and leadership, placing him among the most distinguished fighters in David's service.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What qualities do you think made Ishmaiah a successful leader among the thirty?
- How can we learn from the diverse backgrounds of David's warriors in our own communities?
- What does it mean to be a 'mighty man' in today's context?
- How can we apply the values of loyalty and strength demonstrated by Ishmaiah in our lives?
Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 12:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty,.... That came with him, and he had the command of; this man was of Gibeon, another city in the tribe of Benjamin,
Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 12 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Ismaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty; and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Josabad the Gederathite, Ismaiah the Gibeonite.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 12 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleOver the thirty, i.e. who came attended with thirty valiant Benjamites, and was their leader and commander.
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 12 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(4) Ismaiah the Gibeonite.—Gibeon belonged to Benjamin (1 Chronicles 9:35), and 1 Chronicles 12:2 proves that Ismaiah was a Benjamite, not a Gibeonite in the strict sense of the term. A mighty man among the thirty.—The “thirty” must be the famous corps (1 Chronicles 11:25). Ismaiah’s name does not occur in the catalogue, perhaps because he died before it was drawn up. Over the thirty may mean that at one time he was captain of the band, or it may simply denote comparison—“a hero above the thirty.” Josabad the Gederathite; of Gederah in the lowland of Judah (Joshua 15:36). Josabad is perhaps the same as Zabad ben Ahlai (1 Chronicles 11:41), one of the thirty.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 12 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges4. among the thirty and over the thirty] Ismaiah’s name does not occur among the thirty (2 Samuel 23:24-39); the phrase is therefore perhaps only a kind of superlative; Ismaiah was worthy to be ranked with the thirty or even above them. Probably however the list in ch. 11 and that in ch. 12 belong to different times. the Gederathite] i.e. the man of Gederah. The only Gederah known was in the Judæan Shephelah (Joshua 15:36), so that it would seem that some men of Judah are reckoned along with the Benjamites in these verses. Similarly in 1 Chronicles 12:7 men of the Judæan town of Gedor (1 Chronicles 4:4; Joshua 15:58) are mentioned. It is possible that some words introducing the names of…
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 12 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the Thirty and a leader over the Thirty; Jeremiah, Jahaziel, Johanan, and Jozabad the Gederathite;
Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty and a leader of the thirty; Jeremiah; Jahaziel; Johanan; Jozabad the Gederathite;
Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the Thirty and a leader over the Thirty; Jeremiah, Jahaziel, Johanan, and Jozabad the Gederathite;
Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, one of the thirty warriors and their leader, Jeremiah, Jahaziel, Johanan, Jozabad the Gederathite,
Tyndale line
And Ismaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty; and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Josabad the Gederathite,
and Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty, and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Jozabad the Gederathite,
and Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty and over the thirty; and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Jozabad the Gederathite;
And Ismaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty; and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Josabad the Gederathite,
And Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a valiant man among thirtie, and aboue the thirtie, and Ieremiah, and Iehaziel, and Iohanan, and Ioshabad the Gederathite,
Strictly literal
and Jishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty; and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Jozabad the Gederathite.
and Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty one among the thirty, and over the thirty, and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Josabad the Gederathite.
and Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a mighty one among the thirty, and over the thirty, and Jeremiah, and Jahaziel, and Johanan, and Josabad the Gederathite.
And Yishma'yah the Gib'onite, a mighty man among the thirty, and over the thirty; and Jeremiah, and Jachaziel, and Jochanan, and Jozabad the Gederathite,
Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a soldier among the thirty (and in command of the thirty); Jeremiah, Jahaziel, Johanan, Jozabad the Gederathite,
From the Latin
And Samaias of Gabaon, the stoutest amongst the thirty and over the thirty; Jeremias, and Jeheziel, and Johanan, and Jezabad of Gaderoth;
Simplified
Ishmaiah the Gibeonite (a strong warrior among the Thirty, and leader over the Thirty); Jeremiah; Jahaziel; Johanan; Jozabad the Gederathite;
And Ishmaiah the Gibeonite, a great man among the thirty, and their chief; and Jeremiah and Jehaziel and Johanan and Jozabad the Gederathite;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show some agreement in the names listed, though the Septuagint's word order and specific translations differ. The Hebrew text retains the focus on Ishmaiah's identity and role, while the Greek version presents the content in a more generalized manner.
וְיִֽשְׁמַֽעְיָ֧ה הַגִּבְעוֹנִ֛י גִּבּ֥וֹר בַּשְּׁלֹשִׁ֖ים וְעַל־ הַשְּׁלֹשִֽׁים׃ וְיִרְמְיָ֤ה וְיַחֲזִיאֵל֙ וְי֣וֹחָנָ֔ן וְיוֹזָבָ֖ד הַגְּדֵרָתִֽי׃
6 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 12:4
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יִשְׁמַעְיָ֫הוּ (Yishma`yah) means "Jehovah will hear" and refers to two individuals in the Old Testament: a Gibeonite warrior and a leader from the tribe of Zebulun during King David's reign. The name is derived from the roots for 'hear' and 'Jah' (a form of Yahweh). It appears in 1 Chronicles 12:4 and 1 Chronicles 27:19.
יִשְׁמַעְיָ֫ה(וּ) n.pr.m. (י׳ heareth)
Gibeonite, one of David’s heroes
in Zebulun
base
H3460 יִשְׁמַעְיָ֫ה(וּ), יִשְׁמַעְיָה, יִשְׁמַעְיָהוּ
3460 Yishma`yah yish-mah-yaw'
or Yishmacyahuw {yish-mah-yaw'-hoo}; from 8085 and 3050; Jah
will hear; Jishmajah, the name of two Israelites:--Ishmaiah.
see HEBREW for 08085
see HEBREW for 03050
יִשְׁמַעְיָ֫הוּ (yish.ma.yah) — Ishmaiah.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.12.4
§ Ishmaiah = "Jehovah will hear"
1) a Gibeonite and one of David's mighty warriors
2) a son of Obadiah and the ruler of the tribe of Zebulun in the time of king David
יִשְׁמַעְיָ֫הוּ (yish.ma.yah) — Ishmaiah.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.27.19;
son of: Obadiah (H5662M)
§ Ishmaiah = "Jehovah will hear"
1) a Gibeonite and one of David's mighty warriors
2) a son of Obadiah and the ruler of the tribe of Zebulun in the time of king David
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Ishmaiah
Heard by Jehovah. (1.) A Gibeonite who joined David at Ziklag, “a hero among the thirty and over the thirty” (1 Chr. 12:4).
(2.) Son of Obadiah, and viceroy of Zebulun under David and Solomon (1 Chr. 27:19).
(Jehovah hears), son of Obadiah; the ruler of the tribe of Zebulun in the time of King David. (1 Chronicles 27:19) (B.C. 1046.)
hearing or obeying the Lord
גִּבְעֹנִי (Gib`oniy) refers to a Gibeonite, an inhabitant of Gibeon, which means 'little hill' or 'hilly.' The word is derived from גִּבְעוֹן (Giv'on, H1391). It is consistently used as an adjective in the context of describing the people from this location.
גִּבְעֹנִי adj.gent.—alw. c. art.
base
H1393 גִּבְעֹנִי
1393 Gib`oniy ghib-o-nee'
patrial from 1391; a Gibonite, or inhabitant of
Gibon:--Gibeonite.
see HEBREW for 01391
גִּבְעֹנִי (giv.o.ni) — Gibeonite.
Group of giv.on (גִּבְעוֹן "Gibeon" H1391)
§ Gibeonite = "little hill: hilly"
an inhabitant of Gibeon
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
גִּבּוֹר (gibbor) means strong or mighty, and can refer to a powerful person, such as a warrior or chief. It is built from a root that implies strength and valor, covering meanings related to strength and bravery. The entries consistently emphasize its use to describe a strong man or mighty figure.
גִּבּוֹר 159 adj. strong, mighty
base
H1368 גִּבּוֹר strong, mighty
1368 gibbowr ghib-bore'
or (shortened) gibbor {ghib-bore'}; intensive from the same
as 1397; powerful; by implication, warrior, tyrant:--
champion, chief, X excel, giant, man, mighty (man, one),
strong (man), valiant man.
see HEBREW for 01397
גִּבּוֹר (gib.bor) — mighty man.
adj
1) strong, mighty
n m
2) strong man, brave man, mighty man
Adj — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
See ANTHROPOLOGY.
Man
(1.) Heb. ‘Adam, used as the proper name of the first man. The name is derived from a word meaning “to be red,” and thus the first man was called Adam because he was formed from the red earth. It is also the generic name of the human race (Gen. 1:26, 27; 5:2; 8:21; Deut. 8:3). Its equivalents are the Latin homo and the Greek anthropos (Matt. 5:13, 16). It denotes also man in opposition to woman (Gen. 3:12; Matt. 19:10).
(2.) Heb. ‘ish, like the Latin vir and Greek aner, denotes properly a man in opposition to a woman (1 Sam. 17:33;
Four Hebrew terms are rendered "man" in the Authorized Version: Adam, the name of the man created in the image of God. It appears to be derived from adam , "he or it was red or ruddy," like Edom. This was the generic term for the human race. Ish , "man," as distinguished from woman, husband. Geber , "a man," from gabar , "to be strong," generally with reference to his strength. Methim , "men," always masculine. Perhaps it may be derived from the root muth , "he died."
שְׁלֹשִׁים (*shlowshiym*) means 'thirty' and can also refer to 'thirtieth' as an ordinal number. It is an indeclinable noun and is derived from the root word for 'three.' The entries indicate that it is used in various contexts, but there are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
שְׁלֹשִׁים (very seldom שְׁלוֹשִׁים, שְׁלֹשִׁם) 174 n.indecl. thirty
bef. n. sg.
as ordin.
base
H7970 שְׁלֹשִׁים (very seldom שְׁלוֹשִׁים, שְׁלֹשִׁם) n. indecl. thirty . bef. n. sg.
. as ordin.
7970 shlowshiym shel-o-sheem'
or shloshiym {shel-o-sheem'}; multiple of 7969; thirty; or
(ordinal) thirtieth:--thirty, thirtieth. Compare 7991.
see HEBREW for 07969
see HEBREW for 07991
שְׁלֹשִׁים (she.lo.shim) — thirty.
thirty, thirtieth
Aramaic equivalent: te.la.tin (תְּלָתִין "thirty" H8533)
Prep | Adj — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteHRd/Ncmpa
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
שְׁלֹשִׁים (*shlowshiym*) means 'thirty' and can also refer to 'thirtieth' as an ordinal number. It is an indeclinable noun and is derived from the root word for 'three.' The entries indicate that it is used in various contexts, but there are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.
שְׁלֹשִׁים (very seldom שְׁלוֹשִׁים, שְׁלֹשִׁם) 174 n.indecl. thirty
bef. n. sg.
as ordin.
base
H7970 שְׁלֹשִׁים (very seldom שְׁלוֹשִׁים, שְׁלֹשִׁם) n. indecl. thirty . bef. n. sg.
. as ordin.
7970 shlowshiym shel-o-sheem'
or shloshiym {shel-o-sheem'}; multiple of 7969; thirty; or
(ordinal) thirtieth:--thirty, thirtieth. Compare 7991.
see HEBREW for 07969
see HEBREW for 07991
שְׁלֹשִׁים (she.lo.shim) — thirty.
thirty, thirtieth
Aramaic equivalent: te.la.tin (תְּלָתִין "thirty" H8533)
Art | Adj — Particle · noun common masculine plural absoluteHTd/Ncmpa
יִרְמְיָ֫הוּ (Yirmyah) refers to Jeremiah, meaning 'whom Jehovah has appointed.' He is primarily known as a major prophet from a priestly family in Anathoth, authoring the book of Jeremiah. The name also applies to several other individuals, including a man from Libnah, a Gadite warrior, and priests during the time of Nehemiah. The entries suggest a diverse range of figures associated with this name.
יִרְמְיָ֫ה(וּ) 147 n.pr.m. (? י׳ looseneth, sc. the womb ?)
proph., son of Ḥilḳiah, of priestly family in ‛Anathôth
of Libnah, father of Josiah’s wife
Gadite, David’s time
Manassite
Benjamite
Gadite
priestly name
base
H3414 יִרְמְיָ֫ה(וּ) (? י׳ looseneth, sc. the womb ?) . proph., son of Ḥilḳiah, of priestly family in ‛Anathôth
. of Libnah, father of Josiah’s wife
. Gadite, David’s time
. Manassite
. Benjamite
. Gadite
. priestly name
3414 Yirmyah yir-meh-yaw'
or Yirmyahuw {yir-meh-yaw'-hoo}; from 7311 and 3050; Jah will
rise; Jirmejah, the name of eight or nine
Israelites:--Jeremiah.
see HEBREW for 07311
see HEBREW for 03050
יִרְמְיָ֫הוּ (yir.me.yah) — Jeremiah.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.23.31;
father of: Hamutal (H2537)
§ Jeremiah = "whom Jehovah has appointed"
1) the major prophet, son of Hilkiah of the priestly family in Anathoth; author of the prophetic book bearing his name
2) a man of Libnah and father of Hamutal the wife of king Josiah
3) a Gadite who joined David at Ziklag
4) a Manassehite, one of the mighty men of valour of the Transjordanic half tribe of Manasseh
5) a Gadite and warrior of David
6) a warrior of David
7) a priest who joined Nehemiah in the covenant ceremony
8) a priest also in the time of Nehemiah; maybe same as 7
9) father of Jaazaniah the Rechabites
יִרְמְיָ֫הוּ (yir.me.yah) — Jeremiah.
A man of the tribe of Manasseh living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.5.24
§ Jeremiah = "whom Jehovah has appointed"
HC/Npm — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Jeremiah
Raised up or appointed by Jehovah. (1.) A Gadite who joined David in the wilderness (1 Chr. 12:10).
(2.) A Gadite warrior (1 Chr. 12:13).
(3.) A Benjamite slinger who joined David at Ziklag (1 Chr. 12:4).
(4.) One of the chiefs of the tribe of Manasseh on the east of Jordan (1 Chr. 5:24).
(5.) The father of Hamutal (2 Kings 23:31), the wife of Josiah.
(6.) One of the “greater prophets” of the Old Testament, son of Hilkiah (q.v.), a priest of Anathoth (Jer. 1:1; 32:6). He was called to the prophetical office when still young (1:6), in the thirteenth year of Josiah…
Seven other persons bearing the same name as the prophet are mentioned in the Old Testament:-- Jeremiah of Libnah, father of Hamutal wife of Josiah. (2 Kings 23:31) (B.C. before 632.) 2,3,4. Three warriors --two of the tribe of Gad-- in David’s army. (1 Chronicles 12:4,10,13) (B.C. 1061-53.) One of the "mighty men of valor" of the transjordanic half-tribe of Manasseh. (1 Chronicles 5:24) (B.C. 782.) A priest of high rank, head of the second or third of the twenty-one courses which are apparently enumerated in (Nehemiah 10:2-8; 12:1,12) (B.C. 446-410). The father of Jazaniah the Rechabite. (Jeremiah 35:3) (B.C. before…
One of the chief prophets of the Old Testament, prophesied under Josiah, Jehoiakim, and Zedekiah, and also after the captivity of the latter. He was born at Anathoth, of the race of the priests, and was destined of God to be a prophet, and consecrated for that object before his birth, Jer 1:1,5. At an early age he was called to act as a prophet, B. C. 628, in the thirteenth year of King Josiah. This good king no doubt cooperated with him to promote the reformation of the people; but the subsequent life of the prophet was full of afflictions and persecutions. Jehoiakim threw his prophetic roll into the fire, and sought his life. Zedekiah was kindly instructed by him, and warned of the woes impending over his guilty people, and of their seventy years’ captivity, but to no purpose. The fidelity of the prophet often endangered his life…
exaltation of the Lord
יַחֲזִיאֵל (Yachaziy'el) means "beheld of God" and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, primarily during the time of the Divided Monarchy and the Exile. Notable figures include a Benjamite warrior who joined David, a priest, and various Levites. The name appears in multiple contexts, including 1 Chronicles and Ezra.
יַחֲזִיאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl sees)
Benjamite warrior of David
priest of David
a Levite
a Levite of the sons of Asaph
ancestor of one of the families of the restoration
base
H3166 יַחֲזִיאֵל
3166 Yachaziy'el yakh-az-ee-ale'
from 2372 and 410; beheld of God; Jachaziel, the name of five
Israelites:--Jahaziel, Jahziel.
see HEBREW for 02372
see HEBREW for 0410
יַחֲזִיאֵל (ya.cha.zi.el) — Jahaziel.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.12.4
§ Jahaziel = "beheld of God"
1) a Benjamite warrior who joined David at Ziklag
2) a priest in the reign of David who helped move the ark
3) a Kohathite Levite, 3rd son of Hebron
4) a Levite, son of Zechariah, of the sons of Asaph, in the reign of Jehoshaphat
5) an ancestor of one of the families who returned from exile with Ezra
יַחֲזִיאֵל (ya.cha.zi.el) — Jahaziel.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.16.6
§ Jahaziel = "beheld of God"
1) a Benjamite warrior who joined David at Ziklag
2) a priest in the reign of David who helped move the ark
3) a Kohathite Levite, 3rd son of Hebron
4) a Levite, son of Zechariah, of the sons of Asaph, in the reign of Jehoshaphat
5) an ancestor of one of the families who returned from exile with Ezra
HC/Npm — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
ja-ha'-zi-el (yachazi'el, "God sees"):
(1) In 1Ch 12:4 (Hebrew 5), one of David's recruits at Ziklag, a Benjamite or maybe a Judean.
(2) In 1Ch 16:6, one of two priests appointed by David to sound trumpets before the ark on its journey to Jerusalem. The Septuagint's Codex Vaticanus and Codex Alexandrinus, read "Uzziel."
Jahaziel
Beheld by God. (1.) The third son of Hebron (1 Chr. 23:19).
(2.) A Benjamite chief who joined David at Ziklag (1 Chr. 12:4).
(3.) A priest who accompanied the removal of the ark to Jerusalem (1 Chr. 16:6).
(4.) The son of Zechariah, a Levite of the family of Asaph (2 Chr. 20:14-17). He encouraged Jehoshaphat against the Moabites and Ammonites.
(whom God watches over) One of the heroes of Benjamin who joined David at Ziklag. (1 Chronicles 12:4) (B.C. 1055.) A priest in the reign of David. (1 Chronicles 16:6) A Kohathite Levite, third son of Hebron. (1 Chronicles 23:19; 24:23) Son of Zechariah, a Levite of the Bene-Asaph in the reign of Jehoshaphat. (2 Chronicles 20:14) (B.C. 896.) The "son of Jahaziel" was the chief of the Bene-Shecaniah who returned from Babylon with Ezra. (Ezra 8:5) (B.C. before 459.)
seeing God
יְהוֹחָנָן (Yhowchanan) means 'Jehovah has graced' and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, including priests, a high priest, and warriors. The name combines elements meaning 'Jehovah' and 'to be gracious.' It appears in various contexts, notably during the Divided Monarchy and post-exilic periods, with multiple figures sharing this name.
יְהוֹחָנָן, יוֹחָנָן n.pr.m.
a priest
high priest
Levite
son of Tobiah
porter in David’s time
a Judaite captain
an Ephraimite
an Israelite, Ezra’s time
a Jewish captain, after fall of Jerus.
eldest son of king Josiah
a post-exilic prince of the line of David
father of Azariah, priest in Sol.’s time
two of David’s mighty men
a returning exile
base
H3076 יְהוֹחָנָן, יוֹחָנָן
3076 Yhowchanan yeh-ho-khaw-nawn'
from 3068 and 2603; Jehovah-favored; Jehochanan, the name of
eight Israelites:--Jehohanan, Johanan. Compare 3110.
see HEBREW for 03068
see HEBREW for 02603
see HEBREW for 03110
יְהוֹחָנָן (ye.ho.cha.nan) — Johanan.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.12.4
§ Jehohanan = "Jehovah has graced"
1) a priest during the high priesthood of Joiakim who returned with Zerubbabel
2) a high priest in the time of Ezra
3) a Levite priest who took part in the dedication of the wall in the time of Nehemiah
4) son of Tobiah
5) a Korhite Levite and one of the doorkeepers to the tabernacle in the time of David
6) a captain of Judah under king Jehoshaphat
7) an Ephraimite
8) an Israelite with a foreign wife in the time of Ezra
9) a Jewish captain after the fall of Jerusalem
10) the eldest son of king Josiah
11) a post-exilic prince of the line of David
12) father of Azariah, priest in Solomon's time
13) a Benjamite, one of David's mighty warriors
14) a Gadite, one of David's mighty warriors
15) a returning exile
HC/Npm — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
jo-ha'-nan (yochanan, "Yahweh has been gracious"; Ioanan; compare JEHOHANAN):
(1) Son of Kareah, and one of "the captains of the forces who were in the fields" (i.e. probably guerrilla bands), who allied with Gedaliah, governor of Judah, after the fall of Jerusalem, 586 BC (2Ki 25:23; Jer 40:7-43:7). He warned Gedaliah of the plot of Ishmael ben Nethaniah, who was instigated by the Ammonite king Baalis, to murder the governor; but the latter refused to believe him nor would he grant Johanan permission to slay Ishmael (Jer 40:8-16). After Ishmael had murdered Gedaliah and also 70 northern pilgrims, Johanan went in pursuit. He was joined by the unwilling followers of Ishmael, but the murderer escaped. Thereupon Johanan settled at…
Johanan
Whom Jehovah graciously bestows. (1.) One of the Gadite heroes who joined David in the desert of Judah (1 Chr. 12:12).
(2.) The oldest of King Josiah’s sons (1 Chr. 3:15).
(3.) Son of Careah, one of the Jewish chiefs who rallied round Gedaliah, whom Nebuchadnezzar had made governor in Jerusalem (2 Kings 25:23; Jer. 40:8). He warned Gedaliah of the plans of Ishmael against him, a warning which was unheeded (Jer. 40:13, 16). He afterwards pursued the murderer of the governor, and rescued the captives (41:8, 13, 15, 16). He and his associates subsequently fled to Tahpanhes in Egypt (43:2, 4, 5), taking Jeremiah…
(gift or grace of God). Son of Azariah and grandson of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok, and father of Azariah, 3. (1 Chronicles 6:9,10) Authorized Version. Son of Elioenai, the son of Neariah, the son of Shemaiah, in the line of Zerubbabel’s heirs. (1 Chronicles 3:24) (B.C. after 406.) The son of Kaereah, and one of the captains of the scattered remnants of the army of Judah, who escaped in the final attack upon Jerusalem by the Chaldeans. (B.C. 588.) After the murder of Gedaliah, Johanan was one of the foremost in the pursuit of his assassin, and rescued the captives he had carried off from Mizpah. (Jeremiah 41:11-16) Fearing the vengeance of the Chaldeans, the captains, with Johanan at their head, notwithstanding the warnings of…
Son of Kareah, a leading captain of the Jews after the destruction of Jerusalem, B. C. 588, who recognized the authority of Gedaliah, warned him in vain of the plot of Ishmael, and avenged his murder; but afterwards carried the remnant of the people to Egypt against the remonstrances of Jeremiah, who, unable to check his rebellious and idolatrous course, foretold divine judgments, which in due time were fulfilled, 2Ki 25:23-26 Jer 40:1-44:30.
The Hebrew word יוֹזָבָד (*Yowzabad*) refers to Jozabad, meaning "Jehovah has endowed." It is associated with several individuals in the Old Testament, including a Korhite Levite and multiple mighty warriors of David. The entries indicate that Jozabad is mentioned in various contexts, including priestly roles and military leadership, particularly during the Divided Monarchy.
יְהוֹזָבָד, יוֹזָבָד n.pr.m.
servant & murderer of Joash of Judah
three of David’s mighty men
a Benjamite chief
priests & Levites
base
H3107 יְהוֹזָבָד, יוֹזָבָד
3107 Yowzabad yo-zaw-bawd'
a form of 3075; Jozabad, the name of ten
Israelites:--Josabad, Jozabad.
see HEBREW for 03075
יוֹזָבָד (yo.za.vad) — Jozacar.
A man of the Ammonites living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.12.22;
son of: Shimeath (H8100); also called Zabad at 2Ch.24.26;
Another name of yo.za.khar (יוֹזָכָר "Jozacar" H3108)
§ Jozabad or Josabad = "Jehovah has endowed"
1) a Korhite Levite, 2nd son of Obededom, and one of the porters of the temple and of the storehouse there in the time of David
2) one of David's mighty warriors
3) another of David's mighty warriors
4) four other priests or Levites
יוֹזָבָד (yo.za.vad) — Jozabad.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.12.4
§ Jozabad or Josabad = "Jehovah has endowed"
1) a Korhite Levite, 2nd son of Obededom, and one of the porters of the temple and of the storehouse there in the time of David
2) one of David's mighty warriors
3) another of David's mighty warriors
HC/Npm — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
joz'-a-bad (yozabhadh, "Yahweh has bestowed"):
(1) A Gederathite, and one of David's recruits at Ziklag (1Ch 12:4 (Hebrew 5)). He is named with the Benjamites, but possibly he was a native of the town Gedara in Southern Judah. See Curtis, Chronicles, 196.
(2), (3) Two Manassite captains who joined David at Ziklag (1Ch 12:20 (Hebrew 21)).
Jozabad
Whom Jehovah bestows. (1.) One of the Benjamite archers who joined David at Ziklag (1 Chr. 12:4).
(2.) A chief of the tribe of Manasseh (1 Chr. 12:20).
(Jehovah justifies). A captain of the thousands of Manasseh, who deserted to David before the battle of Gilboa. (1 Chronicles 12:20) (B.C. 1053.) A hero of Manasseh, like the preceding. (1 Chronicles 12:20) A Levite in the reign of Hezekiah. (2 Chronicles 31:13) (B.C. 726.) A chief Levite in the reign of Josiah. (2 Chronicles 35:9) A Levite, son of Jeshua, in the days of Ezra. (Ezra 8:33) (B.C. 459.) Probably identical with No. 7. A priest of the sons of Pashur, who had married a foreign wife. (Ezra 10:22) A Levite among those who returned with Ezra and had married…
same as Josabad
גְּדֵרָתִי (Gderathiy) means 'Gederathite,' referring to an inhabitant of Gederah, a place associated with walls. It is derived from the root word for 'wall' and appears in 1 Chronicles 12:5. The term is consistently defined across entries, with no significant disagreement noted.
גְּדֵרָתִי adj.gent. 1 Ch 12:5.
ref
H1452 גְּדֵרָתִי
1452 Gderathiy ghed-ay-raw-thee'
patrial from 1449; a Gederathite, or inhabitant of
Gederah:--Gederathite.
see HEBREW for 01449
גְּדֵרָתִי (ge.de.ra.ti) — Gederathite.
Gederathite = "a wall"
an inhabitant of Gederah
Another spelling of ge.de.rah (גְּדֵרָה "Gederah" H1449)
HTd/Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
Gederathite
An epithet applied to Josabad, one of David’s warriors at Ziklag (1 Chr. 12:4), a native of Gederah.