1 Chronicles 12:10 — Word Study
WLCמִשְׁמַנָּה֙ הָרְבִיעִ֔י יִרְמְיָ֖ה הַחֲמִשִֽׁי׃
BSAEzerʻÊzer headrôʼsh ObadiahʻÔbadyâh secondshênîy EliabʼĔlîyʼâb thirdshᵉlîyshîy
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| מִשְׁמַנָּה֙ | Mishmannah | Noun proper masculine |
| הָרְבִיעִ֔י | the fourth | Particle |
| יִרְמְיָ֖ה | Jeremiah | Noun proper masculine |
| הַחֲמִשִֽׁי׃ | the fifth | Particle |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth, |
| KJV | Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth, |
| ASV | Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth, |
| YLT | Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth, |
| WEB | Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth, |
| BBE | Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth, |
Where they part company is in the rendering of the names and ranks — see How Translations Differ.
Two main clauses, each presenting a subject with its corresponding rank, reflecting the structured hierarchy among David's warriors.
3 commentators on this verse
Jamieson, Ellicott, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
subjectעֵזֶר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 4 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 12:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Leaders of David's Warriorsgenerated
1 Chronicles 12:10 identifies key figures who joined David during his time at Ziklag. This verse emphasizes the ranks of the warriors who supported David, showcasing their loyalty and importance in his rise to kingship. The context highlights the unity among David's followers as they prepared for the challenges ahead.
Cross References
The Key Word — מִשְׁמַנָּה, mish.ma.Nahgenerated
The name מִשְׁמַנָּה (Mishmannah) refers to a Gadite warrior who joined David at Ziklag. It is derived from a root meaning 'to be fat,' suggesting abundance or richness. The parsing indicates it is a masculine proper noun, signifying a specific individual within the narrative.
Mishmannah is noted for his rank as the fourth leader among David's warriors, highlighting his significance in the context of Israel's military history. This name appears only in this verse, underlining the importance of each warrior's contribution to David's reign.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the name Mishmannah and ranks him as the fourth, while Jeremiah is noted as the fifth.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse consists of two main clauses, each presenting a subject and a predicate: מִשְׁמַנָּה and יִרְמְיָה. The finite verb is implicit, as the sentence lists the subjects and their corresponding ranks.
The order of the names emphasizes their ranks, with Mishmannah first as the fourth leader and Jeremiah following as the fifth, showcasing the hierarchical nature of David's warriors.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מִשְׁמַנָּה as αζερ, indicating a direct correspondence between the Hebrew and Greek texts. This choice reflects the translators' intention to preserve the identity of the characters while adapting to the Greek linguistic context.
The name יִרְמְיָה is rendered similarly in the Septuagint, maintaining its significance as a recognized figure in the biblical narrative.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 12:10 lists two leaders among David's warriors: Mishmannah, who is the fourth in rank, and Jeremiah, who is the fifth. This verse highlights their importance in supporting David during his rise to kingship.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Mishmannah was a Gadite warrior who joined David at Ziklag, noted for his rank among David's mighty men.
The name Mishmannah means 'fatness,' derived from a root that suggests abundance.
Jeremiah, also known as a major prophet, is listed here as one of David's warriors, indicating his role beyond just prophecy.
This verse highlights the loyalty and ranks of David's supporters, emphasizing the unity and strength of his forces during a crucial time.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What qualities do you think made Mishmannah and Jeremiah valuable leaders among David's warriors?
- How can understanding the ranks of David's warriors help us appreciate the structure of leadership in biblical times?
- In what ways can we show loyalty and support to leaders in our communities today?
- How does the meaning of Mishmannah's name relate to his role as a warrior?
Commentators on this verse — 3 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 12:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryEzer the first, Obadiah the second, Eliab the third, No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 12 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(8-18) A. list of Gadites, and an account of a band of Judæans and Benjammites who joined David in the stronghold (1 Chronicles 11:14) towards the desert of Judah.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 12 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10. Jeremiah the fifth] Cp. 1 Chronicles 12:13, Jeremiah the tenth. A very slight difference of spelling distinguishes the two in the Heb.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 12 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
Tyndale line
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
Mishmannah the fourth; Jeremiah the fifth;
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
Mishmanah the fourth, Ieremiah the fift,
Strictly literal
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth.
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
From the Latin
Masmana the fourth, Jeremias the fifth.
Simplified
Mishmannah (fourth), Jeremiah (fifth),
Mishmannah the fourth, Jeremiah the fifth,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree in their representation of this verse, with all four words matched. This consistency indicates a strong textual tradition in both Hebrew and Greek.
מִשְׁמַנָּה֙ הָרְבִיעִ֔י יִרְמְיָ֖ה הַחֲמִשִֽׁי׃
4 of the 4 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 12:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מִשְׁמַנָּה (Mishmannah) refers to a Gadite warrior who joined David at Ziklag, noted in 1 Chronicles 12:10. The word itself means 'fatness' and is derived from the root meaning 'to be fat.' There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meaning or usage.
מַשְׁמַנָּה n.pr.m. a hero of David, 1 Ch 12:11
ref
H4925 מַשְׁמַנָּה, מִשְׁמַנָּה
4925 Mishmannah mish-man-naw'
from 8080; fatness; Mashmannah, an Israelite:--Mishmannah.
see HEBREW for 08080
מִשְׁמַנָּה (mish.man.nah) — Mishmannah.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.12.10
§ Mishmannah = "fatness"
a Gadite, one of David's mighty warriors, who joined him at Ziklag
HNpm — Noun proper masculineHNpm
mish-man'-a (mishmannah): A Gadite warrior who joined David at Ziklag (1Ch 12:10).
Mishmannah
Fatness, one of the Gadite heroes who gathered to David at Ziklag (1 Chr. 12:10).
(fatness), the fourth of the twelve lion-faced Gadites who joined David at Ziklag. (1 Chronicles 12:10)
fatness; taking away provision
רְבִיעִי (rbiy`iy) means 'fourth' and can also refer to a 'fourth part' or describe something as 'foursquare.' It is derived from the root word for 'four' and has both masculine and feminine forms. The term appears in contexts where ordinal numbers are used.
רְבִיעִי m., רְבִיעִית f., adj.num.ordin. fourth
base
H7243 רְבִיעִי, רְבִיעִית fourth
7243 rbiy`iy reb-ee-ee'
or rbiiy {reb-ee-ee'}; from 7251; fourth; also
(fractionally) a fourth:--foursquare, fourth (part).
see HEBREW for 07251
רְבִיעִי (re.vi.i) — fourth.
1) fourth
1a) fourth
1b) four square
1c) fourth part
Aramaic equivalent: re.vi.ay (רְבִיעִי "fourth" H7244)
HTd/Aomsa — ParticleHTd/Aomsa
יִרְמְיָ֫הוּ (Yirmyah) refers to Jeremiah, meaning 'whom Jehovah has appointed.' He is primarily known as a major prophet from a priestly family in Anathoth, authoring the book of Jeremiah. The name also applies to several other individuals, including a man from Libnah, a Gadite warrior, and priests during the time of Nehemiah. The entries suggest a diverse range of figures associated with this name.
יִרְמְיָ֫ה(וּ) 147 n.pr.m. (? י׳ looseneth, sc. the womb ?)
proph., son of Ḥilḳiah, of priestly family in ‛Anathôth
of Libnah, father of Josiah’s wife
Gadite, David’s time
Manassite
Benjamite
Gadite
priestly name
base
H3414 יִרְמְיָ֫ה(וּ) (? י׳ looseneth, sc. the womb ?) . proph., son of Ḥilḳiah, of priestly family in ‛Anathôth
. of Libnah, father of Josiah’s wife
. Gadite, David’s time
. Manassite
. Benjamite
. Gadite
. priestly name
3414 Yirmyah yir-meh-yaw'
or Yirmyahuw {yir-meh-yaw'-hoo}; from 7311 and 3050; Jah will
rise; Jirmejah, the name of eight or nine
Israelites:--Jeremiah.
see HEBREW for 07311
see HEBREW for 03050
יִרְמְיָ֫הוּ (yir.me.yah) — Jeremiah.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.23.31;
father of: Hamutal (H2537)
§ Jeremiah = "whom Jehovah has appointed"
1) the major prophet, son of Hilkiah of the priestly family in Anathoth; author of the prophetic book bearing his name
2) a man of Libnah and father of Hamutal the wife of king Josiah
3) a Gadite who joined David at Ziklag
4) a Manassehite, one of the mighty men of valour of the Transjordanic half tribe of Manasseh
5) a Gadite and warrior of David
6) a warrior of David
7) a priest who joined Nehemiah in the covenant ceremony
8) a priest also in the time of Nehemiah; maybe same as 7
9) father of Jaazaniah the Rechabites
יִרְמְיָ֫הוּ (yir.me.yah) — Jeremiah.
A man of the tribe of Manasseh living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.5.24
§ Jeremiah = "whom Jehovah has appointed"
HNpm — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Jeremiah
Raised up or appointed by Jehovah. (1.) A Gadite who joined David in the wilderness (1 Chr. 12:10).
(2.) A Gadite warrior (1 Chr. 12:13).
(3.) A Benjamite slinger who joined David at Ziklag (1 Chr. 12:4).
(4.) One of the chiefs of the tribe of Manasseh on the east of Jordan (1 Chr. 5:24).
(5.) The father of Hamutal (2 Kings 23:31), the wife of Josiah.
(6.) One of the “greater prophets” of the Old Testament, son of Hilkiah (q.v.), a priest of Anathoth (Jer. 1:1; 32:6). He was called to the prophetical office when still young (1:6), in the thirteenth year of Josiah…
Seven other persons bearing the same name as the prophet are mentioned in the Old Testament:-- Jeremiah of Libnah, father of Hamutal wife of Josiah. (2 Kings 23:31) (B.C. before 632.) 2,3,4. Three warriors --two of the tribe of Gad-- in David’s army. (1 Chronicles 12:4,10,13) (B.C. 1061-53.) One of the "mighty men of valor" of the transjordanic half-tribe of Manasseh. (1 Chronicles 5:24) (B.C. 782.) A priest of high rank, head of the second or third of the twenty-one courses which are apparently enumerated in (Nehemiah 10:2-8; 12:1,12) (B.C. 446-410). The father of Jazaniah the Rechabite. (Jeremiah 35:3) (B.C. before…
One of the chief prophets of the Old Testament, prophesied under Josiah, Jehoiakim, and Zedekiah, and also after the captivity of the latter. He was born at Anathoth, of the race of the priests, and was destined of God to be a prophet, and consecrated for that object before his birth, Jer 1:1,5. At an early age he was called to act as a prophet, B. C. 628, in the thirteenth year of King Josiah. This good king no doubt cooperated with him to promote the reformation of the people; but the subsequent life of the prophet was full of afflictions and persecutions. Jehoiakim threw his prophetic roll into the fire, and sought his life. Zedekiah was kindly instructed by him, and warned of the woes impending over his guilty people, and of their seventy years’ captivity, but to no purpose. The fidelity of the prophet often endangered his life…
exaltation of the Lord
חֲמִישִׁי (chamiyshiy) means 'fifth' and serves as an ordinal number indicating the position of five. It can also refer to a fifth part. The word is derived from a root associated with the number five, as noted in various lexicons.
חֲמִישִׁי m., חֲמִישִׁית f.adj.num.ordin. fifth
base
H2549 חֲמִישִׁי, חֲמִישִׁית fifth
2549 chamiyshiy kham-ee-shee'
or chamishshiy {kham-ish-shee'}; ord. from 2568; fifth; also
a fifth:--fifth (part).
see HEBREW for 02568
חֲמִישִׁי (cha.mi.shi) — fifth.
ordinal number, 5th
HTd/Aomsa — ParticleHTd/Aomsa