1 Chronicles 3:15 — Word Study
WLCוּבְנֵי֙ יֹאשִׁיָּ֔הוּ הַבְּכוֹר֙ יוֹחָנָ֔ן הַשֵּׁנִ֖י יְהוֹיָקִ֑ים הַשְּׁלִשִׁי֙ צִדְקִיָּ֔הוּ הָרְבִיעִ֖י שַׁלּֽוּם׃
BSAThe sonsbên [descendants, offspring] of JosiahYôʼshîyâh [whom Jehovah heals] JohananYôwchânân [Jehovah has graced] was the firstbornbᵉkôwr [the first in a sequence, holding a special status] JehoiakimYᵉhôwyâqîym [Jehovah raises up] the secondshênîy ZedekiahTsidqîyâh [Jehovah is righteous] the thirdshᵉlîyshîy and ShallumShallûwm [a personal name, referring to several Israelites] the fourthrᵉbîyʻîy
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וּבְנֵי֙ | and [the] sons of | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct |
| יֹאשִׁיָּ֔הוּ | Josiah | Noun proper masculine |
| הַבְּכוֹר֙ | the firstborn | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| יוֹחָנָ֔ן | Johanan | Noun proper masculine |
| הַשֵּׁנִ֖י | the second | Particle |
| יְהוֹיָקִ֑ים | Jehoiakim | Noun proper masculine |
| הַשְּׁלִשִׁי֙ | the third | Particle |
| צִדְקִיָּ֔הוּ | Zedekiah | Noun proper masculine |
| הָרְבִיעִ֖י | the fourth | Particle |
| שַׁלּֽוּם׃ | Shallum | Noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The sons of Josiah: Johanan was the firstborn, Jehoiakim the second, Zedekiah the third, and Shallum the fourth. |
| KJV | And the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum. |
| ASV | And the sons of Josiah: the first-born Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum. |
| YLT | And sons of Josiah: the first-born Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum. |
| WEB | The sons of Josiah: the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, and the fourth Shallum. |
| BBE | And the sons of Josiah: the oldest Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum. |
Where they part company is in the rendering of names and their order — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured to present the lineage clearly, with each son introduced in order of birth.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 3:15
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Lineage of Josiahgenerated
1 Chronicles 3:15 presents the sons of Josiah, a significant king of Judah, outlining the order of his sons and their respective names. This genealogy emphasizes the royal lineage and the continuity of leadership in Judah, which is crucial for understanding the historical context of the monarchy and its eventual decline. The verses surrounding this passage also provide insight into Josiah's father, Amon, and his grandson, Jeconiah, illustrating the family's place in the history of Israel.
Cross References
The Key Word — יֹאשִׁיָּ֔הוּ, yo.shi.Ya.hugenerated
The word יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ (yo'shiyahu) means 'whom Jehovah heals' and refers to Josiah, a king of Judah known for his religious reforms. The parsing indicates that it is a proper masculine noun, emphasizing its significance as a name of a historical figure.
Josiah's reign is noted for significant events in Judah's history, including the rediscovery of the Law and the subsequent reforms that followed. His name reflects a divine connection, indicating God's healing and restoration during his leadership.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is introduced by the subject וּבְנֵי֙ (u.ve.Nei), 'and the sons of,' followed by the proper noun יֹאשִׁיָּ֔הוּ (yo'shiyahu), 'Josiah.' The structure lists each son in succession, emphasizing their birth order.
The sentence is straightforward, with each son listed after the initial phrase, creating a clear lineage from Josiah. This structure serves to highlight the importance of each individual in the context of the royal family.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the word for Josiah is rendered as ιωσια (Iosias), maintaining the connection to the Hebrew name. This choice reflects a consistent understanding of Josiah's identity across both texts.
The Greek translation preserves the lineage structure, ensuring that the significance of Josiah's descendants is communicated to a Greek-speaking audience, reinforcing their historical importance.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 3:15 lists the sons of Josiah, naming Johanan as the firstborn, Jehoiakim as the second, Zedekiah as the third, and Shallum as the fourth. This genealogy highlights the royal lineage and the significance of each son in the history of Judah.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Josiah was a king of Judah known for his religious reforms and efforts to restore proper worship of Jehovah.
Johanan means 'Jehovah has graced' and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament.
The order of birth is significant as it establishes the line of succession and the roles each son played in the history of Judah.
Genealogies in the Bible serve to establish legitimacy, heritage, and the fulfillment of God's promises through specific lineages.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What do you think the significance of Josiah's reforms was for the people of Judah?
- How can understanding genealogies help us appreciate the history of God's people?
- In what ways can we recognize the impact of our own family heritage on our faith?
- How does knowing the names and roles of biblical figures enhance our understanding of Scripture?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 3:15 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan,.... Of whom we nowhere else read; he probably died before his father Josiah: the second Jehoiakim: whose name was Eliakim, changed for the former
Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 3 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum. Zedekiah - is called the son of Josiah, cf.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 3 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleOf whom, at least under that name, there is no mention in thee history of the reign of Josiah’ s sons, 2 Kings 23 2 Kings 24. But in , there is mention of Shallum the son of Josiah king of Judah, which reigned instead of Josiah his father; which most conceive to be the same who is otherwise called Jehoahaz, 2 Kings 23. And this seems most probable, 1. From that phrase, he reigned instead of Josiah; which implies that he immediately succeeded his father; otherwise he would have been said to have reigned instead of his brother, as Zedekiah is said to reign instead of Jehoiachin, , because he was his next successor. 2. From the order of that sermon or discourse of Jeremiah, which was directed…
Read Matthew Poole on 1 Chronicles 3 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments1 Chronicles 3:15 And the sons of Josiah [were], the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.Ver. 15. Johanan.] Alias Jehoahaz, alias Shallum. See on 2 Kings 23:31. Some think that Johanan was a distinct son from Jehoahaz: and conjecture that he was slain in battle together with his father Josiah.
Read John Trapp on 1 Chronicles 3 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(15) And the sons of Josiah.—The regular succession by primogeniture ceases with Josiah. The firstborn Johanan (Iahweh bestowed) never ascended the throne of his fathers. He may have died early. He is not to be identified with Jehoahaz, who was two years younger than Jehoiakim (2 Kings 23:31; 2 Kings 23:36), and therefore could not have been the firstborn of Josiah. The second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.—The order of succession to the throne after Josiah was this:—First, Shallum (= Jehoahaz, 2 Kings 23:30; comp. Jeremiah 22:11); then Jehoiakim (= Eliakim, 2 Kings 23:34; Jeremiah 22:18); then Jeconiah, son of Jehoiakini (= Jehoiachin, Jeremiah 22:24); and, lastly…
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 3 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges15. the firstborn Johanan] This son of Josiah never came to the throne, nor is anything known of him except from this passage. Perhaps he died before he grew up. Zedekiah] Though reckoned third here, he was younger than Shallum (=Jehoahaz); cp. 2 Chronicles 36:2 (= 2 Kings 23:31) with 2 Chronicles 36:11 (= 2 Kings 24:18). Shallum] To be identified with Jehoahaz; cp. 2 Chronicles 36:1 with Jeremiah 22:11.
Read Cambridge on 1 Chronicles 3 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleOf the sons of Josiah, Johanan, “the first-born,” who is mentioned in this place only, must, it would seem, have died before his father, or with him at Megiddo; and Shallum (also called Jehoahaz,
Read Albert Barnes on 1 Chronicles 3 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The sons of Josiah: Johanan was the firstborn, Jehoiakim the second, Zedekiah the third, and Shallum the fourth.
The sons of Josiah: the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, and the fourth Shallum.
The sons of Josiah: Johanan was the firstborn, Jehoiakim the second, Zedekiah the third, and Shallum the fourth.
The sons of Josiah: Johanan was the firstborn; Jehoiakim was born second; Zedekiah third; and Shallum fourth.
Tyndale line
And the sons of Josiah were, the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.
And the sons of Josiah: the first-born Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.
And the sons of Josiah; the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.
And the sons of Josiah were , the first-born Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.
And of the sonnes of Iosiah, the eldest was Iohanan, the second Iehoiakim, the thirde Zedekiah, and the fourth Shallum.
Strictly literal
And the sons of Josiah: the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.
And sons of Josiah: the first-born Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.
And sons of Josiah: the firstborn Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.
And the sons of Josiah were, the first-born Jochanan, the second Jehoyakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.
Josiah's sons were his firstborn Johanan, his second son Jehoiakim, his third son Zedekiah, and his fourth son Shallum.
From the Latin
And the sons of Josias were, the firstborn Johanan, the second Joakim, the third Sedecias, the fourth Sellum.
Simplified
The sons of Josiah: Johanan (firstborn), Jehoiakim (second), Zedekiah (third), Shallum (fourth).
And the sons of Josiah: the oldest Johanan, the second Jehoiakim, the third Zedekiah, the fourth Shallum.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with a complete match in the names and order of Josiah's sons. This consistency across witnesses supports the reliability of the genealogical record.
וּבְנֵי֙ יֹאשִׁיָּ֔הוּ הַבְּכוֹר֙ יוֹחָנָ֔ן הַשֵּׁנִ֖י יְהוֹיָקִ֑ים הַשְּׁלִשִׁי֙ צִדְקִיָּ֔הוּ הָרְבִיעִ֖י שַׁלּֽוּם׃
10 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 3:15
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural constructHC/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
יֹאשִׁיָּהוּ (Yo'shiyah) refers to Josiah, a king of Judah known for his religious reforms and revival during his reign. The name means 'whom Jehovah heals.' There are two individuals named Josiah in the texts: the king, son of Amon, and a returned exile, son of Zephaniah, mentioned in Zechariah. The lexicons agree on the identity and significance of the king, but also note the existence of another Josiah.
יֹאשִׁיָּ֫הוּ, יֹאשִׁיָּה n.pr.m. (י׳ supporteth)
king of Judah, son of Amon
a returned exile
base
H2977 יֹאשִׁיָּ֫הוּ, יֹאשִׁיָּה (י׳ supporteth) . king of Judah, son of Amon
. a returned exile
2977 Yo'shiyah yo-shee-yaw'
or {yo-she-yaw'-hoo}; from the same root as 803 and 3050;
founded of Jah; Joshijah, the name of two Israelites:--
Josiah.
see HEBREW for 0803
see HEBREW for 03050
יֹאשִׁיָּ֫הוּ (yo.shiy.yah) — Josiah.
A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.13.2;
son of: Amon (H0526H) and Jedidah (H3040); married to Hamutal (H2537) and Zebidah (H2080);
father of: Jehoahaz (H3059H), Jehoiakim (H3079), Zedekiah (H6667H) and Shallum (H7967J)
Also named: Iōsias (Ἰωσίας "Josiah" G2502)
§ Josiah = "whom Jehovah heals"
1) son of Amon by Jedidah who succeeded his father to the throne of Judah and reigned for 31 years; his reign is noteworthy for the great revivals back to the worship of Jehovah which he led
2) a returned exile and son of Zephaniah at whose house took place the solemn and symbolical crowning of Joshua the high priest in the time of Zechariah the prophet
יֹאשִׁיָּ֫הוּ (yo.shiy.yah) — Josiah.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Zec.6.10;
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
jo-si'-a (yo'shiyahu, "Yahweh supports him"; Ioseias; the King James Version Josias (which see)):
I. SOURCES FOR HIS LIFE AND TIMES
1. Annalistic
2. Prophetic
3. Memorial
II. TRAITS OF HIS REIGN
1. Situation at the Beginning
2. Finding of the Law
3. The Great Reform
4. Disaster at Megiddo
The name given 6 years before the death of his grandfather Manasseh resumes the Judaic custom, suspended in the case of that king and Amon, of compounding royal names with that of Yahweh; perhaps a hint of the time, when, according to the Chronicler, Manasseh realized Yahweh's claim on his realm (2Ch 33:12,13). One of the most eminent of the kings of Judah; came to the throne at 8 years of age and reigned circa 637-608 BC.
I. Sources for His Life and Times.
1. Annalistic:
Josiah
Healed by Jehovah, or Jehovah will support. The son of Amon, and his successor on the throne of Judah (2 Kings 22:1; 2 Chr. 34:1). His history is contained in 2 Kings 22, 23. He stands foremost among all the kings of the line of David for unswerving loyalty to Jehovah (23:25). He “did that which was right in the sight of the Lord, and walked in all the way of David his father.” He ascended the throne at the early age of eight years, and it appears that not till eight years afterwards did he begin “to seek after the God of David his father.” At that age he devoted himself to God. He distinguished himself by beginning a war of extermination against the prevailing idolatry, which had practically been the state religion for some seventy years (
(whom Jehovah heals). The son of Amon and Jedidah, succeeded his father B.C. 641, in the eighty years of his age, and reigned 31 years. His history is contained in (2 Kings 22:1; 2 Kings 24:30; 2 Chronicles 34:1; 2 Chronicles 35:1) ... and the first twelve chapters of Jeremiah throw much light upon the general character of the Jews in his day. He began in the eighth year of his reign to seek the Lord; and in his twelfth year, and for six years afterward, in a personal progress throughout all the land of Judah and Israel, he destroyed everywhere high places, groves, images and all outward signs and relics of idolatry. The temple was restored under a special commission; and…
Son of Amon and great-grandson of Hezekiah, a pious king of Judah, who introduced great reforms in the temple worship, and in the religious character of the nation in general. No king set himself more earnestly to destroy every vestige of idolatry out of the land. Among other things, he defiled the altars of the idols at Bethel by burning upon them the bones from the tombs of their deceased priests; as had been foretold more than three centuries before, 1Ki 13:2. While cleaning and repairing the temple at his command, the priests found the temple copy of the five books of the law, perhaps the original copy from Moses’ own hand. The sacred book was too much neglected in those days of declension; and even the pious Josiah seems to have been impressed by the closing chapters of Deuteronomy as though he had never read them before. To…
בְּכוֹר (bekor) means 'first-born' and can refer to both humans and animals. It denotes the eldest son or daughter and can also be used figuratively. The word is derived from a root that emphasizes the concept of being first or chief.
בְּכוֹר 122 n.m. first-born
men and women
animals
figurative
base
H1060 בְּכוֹר first-born
1060 bkowr bek-ore'
from 1069; firstborn; hence, chief:--eldest (son),
firstborn(-ling).
see HEBREW for 01069
בְּכוֹר (be.khor) — firstborn.
1) firstborn, firstling
1a) of men and women
1b) of animals
1c) noun of relation (fig.)
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
Under the law, in memory of the exodus (when the first-born of the Egyptians were slain), the eldest son was regarded as devoted to God, and was in very case to be redeemed by an offering not exceeding five shekels, within one month from birth. If he died before the expiration of thirty days, the Jewish doctors held the father excused, but liable to the payment if he outlived that time. (Exodus 13:12-15,16; Leviticus 27:6) The eldest son received a double portion of the father’s inheritance, (21:17) but not of the mother’s. Under the monarchy the eldest son usually, but no always, as appears in the case of Solomon, succeeded his father in the kingdom. (1 Kings 1:30; 2:22) The male first-born of animals was also devoted to God.…
This phrase is not always to be understood literally; it is sometimes taken for the prime, most excellent, most distinguished of things, Ps 89:27 Ro 8:29 Heb 1:4-6. Thus Jesus Christ is "the firstborn of every creature," Col 1:15, inasmuch as he was the "Only begotten" of the Father before any creature was produced. He is "the firstborn from the dead," Col 1:18, because he is the beginning, and the author of the resurrection of all who die in faith.
After the destroying angel had slain the firstborn of the Egyptians, God ordained that all the Jewish firstborn, both of men and of beasts for service, should be consecrated to…
→ Of man and beast, reserved to himself by God Ex 13:2,12-16; 22:29,30; 34:19,20; Le 27:26; Nu 3:13; 8:17,18; De 15:19-23; Ne 10:36
→ Redemption of Ex 13:13; 34:20; Le 27:27; Nu 3:40-51; 18:15-17
→ Levites taken instead of firstborn of the families of Israel Nu 3:12,40-45; 8:16-18
יוֹחָנָן (Yowchanan) means 'Jehovah has graced' and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, including priests, warriors, and a king. The entries highlight a range of figures named Johanan, such as a captain after Jerusalem's fall and the eldest son of King Josiah. Notably, there are multiple mentions of Johanan's lineage and roles, particularly during the Divided Monarchy.
יְהוֹחָנָן, יוֹחָנָן n.pr.m.
a priest
high priest
Levite
son of Tobiah
porter in David’s time
a Judaite captain
an Ephraimite
an Israelite, Ezra’s time
a Jewish captain, after fall of Jerus.
eldest son of king Josiah
a post-exilic prince of the line of David
father of Azariah, priest in Sol.’s time
two of David’s mighty men
a returning exile
base
H3110 יְהוֹחָנָן, יוֹחָנָן
3110 Yowchanan yo-khaw-nawn'
a form of 3076; Jochanan, the name of nine
Israelites:--Johanan.
see HEBREW for 03076
יוֹחָנָן (yo.cha.nan) — Johanan.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.25.23;
son of: Kareah (H7143);
brother of: Jonathan (H3129L)
§ Johanan = "Jehovah has graced"
1) a priest during the high priesthood of Joiakim who returned with Zerubbabel
2) a Jewish captain after the fall of Jerusalem
3) the eldest son of king Josiah
4) a post-exilic prince of the line of David
5) father of Azariah, priest in Solomon's time
6) a Benjamite, one of David's mighty warriors
7) a Gadite, one of David's mighty warriors
8) a returning exile
יוֹחָנָן (yo.cha.nan) — Johanan.
A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.23.30;
son of: Josiah (H2977) and Hamutal (H2537);
brother of: Zedekiah (H6667H);
half-brother of: Jehoiakim (H3079) and Shallum (H7967J); also called Johanan at 1Ch.3.15(?);
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
jo-ha'-nan (yochanan, "Yahweh has been gracious"; Ioanan; compare JEHOHANAN):
(1) Son of Kareah, and one of "the captains of the forces who were in the fields" (i.e. probably guerrilla bands), who allied with Gedaliah, governor of Judah, after the fall of Jerusalem, 586 BC (2Ki 25:23; Jer 40:7-43:7). He warned Gedaliah of the plot of Ishmael ben Nethaniah, who was instigated by the Ammonite king Baalis, to murder the governor; but the latter refused to believe him nor would he grant Johanan permission to slay Ishmael (Jer 40:8-16). After Ishmael had murdered Gedaliah and also 70 northern pilgrims, Johanan went in pursuit. He was joined by the unwilling followers of Ishmael, but the murderer escaped. Thereupon Johanan settled at…
Johanan
Whom Jehovah graciously bestows. (1.) One of the Gadite heroes who joined David in the desert of Judah (1 Chr. 12:12).
(2.) The oldest of King Josiah’s sons (1 Chr. 3:15).
(3.) Son of Careah, one of the Jewish chiefs who rallied round Gedaliah, whom Nebuchadnezzar had made governor in Jerusalem (2 Kings 25:23; Jer. 40:8). He warned Gedaliah of the plans of Ishmael against him, a warning which was unheeded (Jer. 40:13, 16). He afterwards pursued the murderer of the governor, and rescued the captives (41:8, 13, 15, 16). He and his associates subsequently fled to Tahpanhes in Egypt (43:2, 4, 5), taking Jeremiah…
(gift or grace of God). Son of Azariah and grandson of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok, and father of Azariah, 3. (1 Chronicles 6:9,10) Authorized Version. Son of Elioenai, the son of Neariah, the son of Shemaiah, in the line of Zerubbabel’s heirs. (1 Chronicles 3:24) (B.C. after 406.) The son of Kaereah, and one of the captains of the scattered remnants of the army of Judah, who escaped in the final attack upon Jerusalem by the Chaldeans. (B.C. 588.) After the murder of Gedaliah, Johanan was one of the foremost in the pursuit of his assassin, and rescued the captives he had carried off from Mizpah. (Jeremiah 41:11-16) Fearing the vengeance of the Chaldeans, the captains, with Johanan at their head, notwithstanding the warnings of…
Son of Kareah, a leading captain of the Jews after the destruction of Jerusalem, B. C. 588, who recognized the authority of Gedaliah, warned him in vain of the plot of Ishmael, and avenged his murder; but afterwards carried the remnant of the people to Egypt against the remonstrances of Jeremiah, who, unable to check his rebellious and idolatrous course, foretold divine judgments, which in due time were fulfilled, 2Ki 25:23-26 Jer 40:1-44:30.
שֵׁנִי (sheniy) means 'second' and can also imply 'again' or 'another.' It is an ordinal number used to denote position or sequence, as well as to indicate repetition. The word is derived from a root meaning 'double' and appears in various contexts in the Old Testament.
שֵׁנִי m. שֵׁנִית f. 157 adj.num.ord. second
base
H8145 שֵׁנִי m. שֵׁנִית f. adj. num. ord. second
8145 sheniy shay-nee'
from 8138; properly, double, i.e. second; also adverbially,
again:--again, either (of them), (an-)other, second (time).
see HEBREW for 08138
שֵׁנִי (she.ni) — second.
1) second
1a) second (the ordinal number)
1b) again (a second time)
1c) another, other (something as distinct from something else)
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Aomsa
יְהוֹיָקִים (Yhowyaqiym) refers to Jehoiakim, a king of Judah and son of Josiah. The name means 'Jehovah will raise up.' He is noted as one of the last kings of Judah, ruling during the Divided Monarchy and is mentioned in 2 Kings 23:34. He was a vassal of Nebuchadnezzar and had a violent death.
יְהוֹיָקִים, יוֹיָקִים, יוֹקִים n.pr.m. (י׳ raiseth up)
one of the last kings of Judah, son of Josiah
priest, son of Jeshua
a Judaite
base
H3079 יְהוֹיָקִים, יוֹיָקִים, יוֹקִים (י׳ raiseth up) . one of the last kings of Judah, son of Josiah
. priest, son of Jeshua
. a Judaite
3079 Yhowyaqiym yeh-ho-yaw-keem'
from 3068 abbreviated and 6965; Jehovah will raise;
Jehojakim, a Jewish king:--Jehoiakim. Compare 3113.
see HEBREW for 03068
see HEBREW for 06965
see HEBREW for 03113
יְהוֹיָקִים (ye.ho.ya.qim) — Jehoiakim.
A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.23.34;
son of: Josiah (H2977) and Zebidah (H2080);
half-brother of: Jehoahaz (H3059H), Zedekiah (H6667H) and Shallum (H7967J); married to Nehushta (H5179);
father of: Jehoiachin (H3078); also called Zedekiah at Jer.27.1; Eliakim at 2Ki.23.34; 1x
Also named: el.ya.qim (אֶלְיָקִים "Eliakim" H0471I)
§ Jehoiakim = "Jehovah raises up"
son of Josiah and the third from the last king of Judah; subject vassel of Nebuchadnezzar who reigned for 11 years before he died a violent death either in combat or by the hands of his own subjects
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
je-hoi'-a-kim (yehoyaqim, "Yahweh will establish"; Ioakeim): The name given him by Pharaoh-necoh, who raised him to the throne as vassal king in place of his brother Jehoahaz, is changed from Eliakim (`elyaqim, "God will establish"). The change compounds the name, after the royal Judean custom, with that of Yahweh; it may also imply that Necoh claims Yahweh's authorization for his act, as in a similar way Sennacherib had claimed it for his invasion of Judah (2Ki 18:25). He has represented the campaign with which Josiah interfered as undertaken by Divine command ('El, 2Ch 35:21); this episode of it merely translates the authorization, rather arrogantly, into the conquered nation's dialect.
Jehoiakim
He whom Jehovah has set up, the second son of Josiah, and eighteenth king of Judah, which he ruled over for eleven years (B.C. 610-599). His original name was Eliakim (q.v.).
On the death of his father his younger brother Jehoahaz (=Shallum, Jer. 22:11), who favoured the Chaldeans against the Egyptians, was made king by the people; but the king of Egypt, Pharaoh-necho, invaded the land and deposed Jehoahaz (2 Kings 23:33, 34; Jer. 22:10-12), setting Eliakim on the throne in his stead, and changing his name to Jehoiakim.
After this the king of Egypt took no part in Jewish politics, having been defeated by the Chaldeans at Carchemish (2 Kings 24:7;
(whom Jehovah sets up), called Eliakim, son of Josiah and king of Judah. After deposing Jehoahaz, Pharaoh-necho set Eliakim, his elder brother, upon the throne, and changed his name to Jehoiakim, B.C. 608-597. For four years Jehoiakim was subject toi Egypt, when Nebuchadnezzar, after a short siege, entered Jerusalem, took the king prisoner, bound him in fetters to carry him to Babylon, and took also some of the precious vessels of the temple and carried them to the land of Shinar. Jehoiakim became tributary to Nebuchadnezzar after his invasion of Judah, and continued so for three years, but at the end of that time broke his oath of allegiance and rebelled against him. (2 Kings 24:1) Nebuchadnezzar sent against him numerous bands of Chaldeans, with Syrians, Moabites and Ammonites, (
Or ELIAKIM, second son of Josiah, brother and successor of Jehoahaz or Shallum, king of Judah, for whom he was substituted by the king of Egypt. He was king during eleven years of luxury, extortion, and idolatry. In the third year, Nebuchadnezzar carried to Babylon a part of his princes and treasures. A year after, his allied the Egyptians were defeated on the Euphrates; yet he despised the warnings of Jeremiah, and cast his book into the fire. At length he rebelled against Nebuchadnezzar, but was defeated and ingloriously slain, B. C. 599, 2Ki 23:34 24:6 2Ch 36:4-8 Jer 22:1-30 26:1-24 36:1-32.
שְׁלִישִׁי (shliyshiy) means 'third' and is used as an ordinal number. It can refer to a third part, time, or rank, and can also denote a third-story cell. The entries indicate its feminine form as שְׁלִישִׁית and note its relation to the number three.
שְׁלִישִׁי m. שְׁלִישִׁית f. adj.num.ord. 108 third
base
H7992 שְׁלִישִׁי, שְׁלִישִׁית third
7992 shliyshiy shel-ee-shee'
ordinal from 7969; third; feminine a third (part); by
extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a
third-story cell):--third (part, rank, time), three (years
old).
see HEBREW for 07969
שְׁלִישִׁי (she.li.shi) — third.
1) third, one third, third part, third time
1a) ordinal number
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Aomsa
thurd (shelishi; tritos): Isa 19:24, "In that day shall Israel be the third with Egypt and with Assyria," etc., brings out very distinctly the universal and missionary character of Isaiah's prophecies and of Israel's destiny (compare Eze 16:63; and see G. A. Smith, Isaiah, II, 275, 278; Watkinson, Th. Blind Spot 21 ff).
For "third hour," "third month," "third year," see CALENDAR; DAY; TIME.
The Hebrew word צִדְקִיָּ֫הוּ (*Tsidqiyah*) means 'Jehovah is righteous' and refers primarily to Zedekiah, the last king of Judah. It is derived from words meaning 'right' and 'Jah' (God). The entries note various individuals named Zedekiah, including false prophets and a priest during Nehemiah's time. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings or references.
צִדְקִיָּ֫הוּ 66, צִדְקִיָּה 7 n.pr.m. (י׳ is righteousness)
last king of Judah
false prophets
prince; Jerem.’s time
priest, Nehem.’s time
son of Jehoiachin
base
H6667 צִדְקִיָּ֫הוּ, צִדְקִיָּה (י׳ is righteousness) . last king of Judah
. false prophets
. prince; Jerem.’s time
. priest, Nehem.’s time
. son of Jehoiachin
6667 Tsidqiyah tsid-kee-yaw'
or Tsidqiyahuw {tsid-kee-yaw'-hoo}; from 6664 and 3050; right
of Jah; Tsidkijah, the name of six Israelites:--Zedekiah,
Zidkijah.
see HEBREW for 06664
see HEBREW for 03050
צִדְקִיָּ֫הוּ (tsid.qiy.yah) — Zedekiah.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.22.11;
son of: Chenaanah (H3668)
§ Zedekiah = "Jehovah is righteous"
1) the last king of Judah renamed from 'Mattaniah' by Nebuchadnezzar; son of Josiah by wife Hamutal; placed on the throne by Nebuchadnezzar when he carried his nephew Jehoiakim in captivity
2) false prophet at the court of king Ahab of the northern kingdom of Israel
3) son of Maaseiah, a false prophet in Babylon
4) son of Hananiah, one of the princes of Judah in the time of Jeremiah
5) a priest who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah
6) son of king Jehoiakim of Judah
צִדְקִיָּ֫הוּ (tsid.qiy.yah) — Zedekiah.
A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.24.17;
son of: Josiah (H2977) and Hamutal (H2537);
brother of: Jehoahaz (H3059H);
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Zedekiah
Righteousness of Jehovah. (1.) The last king of Judah. He was the third son of Josiah, and his mother’s name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah, and hence he was the brother of Jehoahaz (2 Kings 23:31; 24:17, 18). His original name was Mattaniah; but when Nebuchadnezzar placed him on the throne as the successor to Jehoiachin he changed his name to Zedekiah. The prophet Jeremiah was his counsellor, yet “he did evil in the sight of the Lord” (2 Kings 24:19, 20; Jer. 52:2, 3). He ascended the throne at the age of twenty-one years. The kingdom was at that time tributary to Nebuchadnezzar; but, despite the strong remonstrances of Jeremiah and others, as well as the example of Jehoiachin, he threw off the yoke…
(justice of Jehovah). The last king of Judah and Jerusalem. He was the son of Josiah by his wife Hamutal, and therefore own brother to Jehoahaz. (2 Kings 24:18) comp. 2Kin 23:31 His original name was Mattaniah, which was changed to Zedekiah by Nebuchadnezzar when he carried off his nephew Jehoiachim to Babylon and left him on the throne of Jerusalem. Zedekiah was but twenty-one years old when he was thus placed in charge of an impoverished kingdom, B.C. 597. His history is contained in a short sketch .of the events of his reign given in (2 Kings 24:17; 2 Kings 25:7) and, with some trifling variations in (Jeremiah 39:1-7; 62:1-11) together with the still shorter summary in…
1. The twentieth and last king of Judah, son of Josiah and Hamutal, and uncle to Jeconiah his predecessor, 2Ki 24:17,19 Jer 52:1. When Nebuchadnezzar took Jerusalem, he carried Jeconiah to Babylon, with his wives, children, officers, and the best artificers in Judea, and put in his place his uncle Mattaniah, whose name he changed to Zedekiah, and made him promise with an oath that he would maintain fidelity to him. He was twenty-one years old when he began to reign at Jerusalem, and he reigned there eleven years. He did evil in the sight of the Lord, committing the same crimes as Jehoiakim, 2Ki 24:18-20 2Ch 36:11-13. Compare
the Lord is my justice; the justice of the Lord
רְבִיעִי (rbiy`iy) means 'fourth' and can also refer to a 'fourth part' or describe something as 'foursquare.' It is derived from the root word for 'four' and has both masculine and feminine forms. The term appears in contexts where ordinal numbers are used.
רְבִיעִי m., רְבִיעִית f., adj.num.ordin. fourth
base
H7243 רְבִיעִי, רְבִיעִית fourth
7243 rbiy`iy reb-ee-ee'
or rbiiy {reb-ee-ee'}; from 7251; fourth; also
(fractionally) a fourth:--foursquare, fourth (part).
see HEBREW for 07251
רְבִיעִי (re.vi.i) — fourth.
1) fourth
1a) fourth
1b) four square
1c) fourth part
Aramaic equivalent: re.vi.ay (רְבִיעִי "fourth" H7244)
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Aomsa
שַׁלּוּם (Shalluwm) refers to a name associated with several figures in the Old Testament, including a king of Israel and a son of Josiah, king of Judah. The name is linked to various roles, such as a husband, uncle, and members of priestly and Levitical families. It is noted that Shallum means 'retribution' and is mentioned in contexts involving political intrigue and temple service.
שַׁלּוּם (less oft. שַׁלֻּם)
n.pr.m.king of N. Israel
son of Josiah, and king of Judah
husband of Huldah
uncle of Jeremiah
in Simeon
in Jerahmeel
in Ephr.
in Napht.
father of threshhold-keeper
wall-builder
priests
Levites
v
base
H7967 שַׁלּוּם (less oft. שַׁלֻּם) . king of N. Israel
. son of Josiah, and king of Judah
. husband of Huldah
. uncle of Jeremiah
. in Simeon
. in Jerahmeel
. in Ephr.
. in Napht.
. father of threshhold-keeper
. wall-builder
. priests
. Levites
. v
7967 Shalluwm shal-loom'
or (shorter) Shallum {shal-loom'}; the same as 7966; Shallum,
the name of fourteen Israelites:--Shallum.
see HEBREW for 07966
שַׁלּוּם (shal.lum) — Shallum.
A king of the Kingdom of Israel, living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.15.10;
son of: Jabesh (H3003H)
§ Shallum = "retribution"
1) son of Jabesh, conspirator and slayer of king Zachariah of the northern kingdom of Israel ending the dynasty of Jehu; assumed the throne and became the 15th king of the northern kingdom; reigned for one month and was killed by Menahem
2) the 3rd son of king Josiah of Judah and subsequent king of Judah; reigned for 3 months before he was taken captive to Egypt where he was placed in chains and later died
2a) also 'Jehoahaz'
3) husband of Huldah the prophetess in the reign of king Josiah of Judah. Maybe the same as 4
4) uncle of Jeremiah the prophet. Maybe the same as 3
5) a Simeonite, son of Shaul and grandson of Simeon
6) a Judaite, son of Sisamai and father of Jekamiah in the family of Jerahmeel
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
Shallum
Retribution. (1.) The son of Jabesh, otherwise unknown. He “conspired against Zachariah, and smote him before the people, and slew him, and reigned in his stead” (2 Kings 15:10). He reigned only “a month of days in Samaria” (15:13, marg.). Menahem rose up against Shallum and put him to death (2 Kings 15:14, 15, 17), and became king in his stead.
(2.) Keeper of the temple vestments in the reign of Josiah (2 Kings 22:14).
(3.) One of the posterity of Judah (1 Chr. 2:40, 41).
(4.) A descendant of Simeon (1 Chr. 4:25).
(retribution). The fifteenth king of Israel, son of Jabesh, conspired against Zachariah, killed him, and brought the dynasty of Jehu to a close, B.C. 770. Shallum, after reigning in Samaria for a month only, was in his turn dethroned and killed by Menahem. (2 Kings 15:10-14) The husband of Huldah the prophetess, (2 Kings 22:14; 2 Chronicles 34:23) in the reign of Josiah. (B.C. 830.) A descendant of Shesham. (1 Chronicles 2:40,41) The third son of Josiah king of Judah, known in the books of Kings and Chronicles as Jehoahaz. (1 Chronicles 3:15; Jeremiah 22:11)…
1. Son of Jabesh, or a native of Jebesh, who treacherously killed Zechariah King of Israel and usurped his kingdom, B. C. 772. He held it only one month, when Menahem son of Gadi killed him in Samaria. Scripture says that Shallun was the executioner of the threatenings of the Lord against the house of Jehu, 2Ki 15:10-15.
2. See JEHOAHAZ 2.
3. The husband of Huldah the prophetess in the time of Josiah, 2Ki 22:14.
perfect; agreeable