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Ezekiel 22:18

Ezekiel 22:18 in Multiple Translations

“Son of man, the house of Israel has become dross to Me. All of them are copper, tin, iron, and lead inside the furnace; they are but the dross of silver.

Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they are brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are even the dross of silver.

Son of man, the house of Israel is become dross unto me: all of them are brass and tin and iron and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are the dross of silver.

Son of man, the children of Israel have become like the poorest sort of waste metal to me: they are all silver and brass and tin and iron and lead mixed with waste.

“Son of man, the people of Israel have ended up like the impurities left over from refining metal. They're all like copper, tin, iron, and lead in the furnace—they are just the impurities left from refining silver.

Sonne of man, the house of Israel is vnto me as drosse: all they are brasse, and tinne, and yron, and leade in the mids of the fornace: they are euen the drosse of siluer.

The house of Israel hath been to Me for dross, All of them [are] brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, In the midst of a furnace — dross hath silver been,

“Son of man, the house of Israel has become dross to me. All of them are bronze, tin, iron, and lead in the middle of the furnace. They are the dross of silver.

Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they are brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are even the dross of silver.

Son of man, the house of Israel is become dress to me: all these are brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace: they are become the dress of silver.

“You human, your Israeli people [MTY] have becomeuseless to me. They are like [MET] dross/slag to me. They are like [SIM] theworthless copper, tin, iron, and lead that remains after silver is melted in avery hot furnace.

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Berean Amplified Bible — Ezekiel 22:18

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Word Study

Hover over any word to see its amplified meaning. Click a word to explore its full definition and translation comparisons.

Amplified text is generated using scripting to tie together English translations for comparison. Always refer to the core BSB translation and original Hebrew/Greek text for accuracy. Anomalies may occur.

Ezekiel 22:18 Interlinear (Deep Study)

BIB
HEB בֶּן אָדָ֕ם הָיוּ לִ֥/י בֵֽית יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל ל/סוג לְ/סִ֑יג כֻּלָּ֡/ם נְ֠חֹשֶׁת וּ/בְדִ֨יל וּ/בַרְזֶ֤ל וְ/עוֹפֶ֨רֶת֙ בְּ/ת֣וֹךְ כּ֔וּר סִגִ֥ים כֶּ֖סֶף הָיֽוּ
בֶּן bên H1121 son N-ms
אָדָ֕ם ʼâdâm H120 the man (Adam) N-ms
הָיוּ hâyâh H1961 to be V-Qal-Perf-3cp
לִ֥/י Prep | Suff
בֵֽית bayith H1004 place N-ms
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל Yisrâʼêl H3478 Israel N-proper
ל/סוג çîyg H5509 dross Prep | N-ms
לְ/סִ֑יג çîyg H5509 dross Prep | N-ms
כֻּלָּ֡/ם kôl H3605 all N-ms | Suff
נְ֠חֹשֶׁת nᵉchôsheth H5178 bronze N-fs
וּ/בְדִ֨יל bᵉdîyl H913 tin Conj | N-ms
וּ/בַרְזֶ֤ל barzel H1270 iron Conj | N-ms
וְ/עוֹפֶ֨רֶת֙ ʻôwphereth H5777 lead Conj | N-fs
בְּ/ת֣וֹךְ tâvek H8432 midst Prep | N-ms
כּ֔וּר kûwr H3564 furnace N-ms
סִגִ֥ים çîyg H5509 dross N-mp
כֶּ֖סֶף keçeph H3701 silver N-ms
הָיֽוּ hâyâh H1961 to be V-Qal-Perf-3cp
Hebrew Word Study

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Hebrew Word Reference — Ezekiel 22:18

בֶּן bên H1121 "son" N-ms
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Definition: : child/son
Usage: Occurs in 3653 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] afflicted, age, (Ahoh-) (Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-) ite, (anoint-) ed one, appointed to, ([phrase]) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-) ian, one born, bough, branch, breed, [phrase] (young) bullock, [phrase] (young) calf, [idiom] came up in, child, colt, [idiom] common, [idiom] corn, daughter, [idiom] of first, [phrase] firstborn, foal, [phrase] very fruitful, [phrase] postage, [idiom] in, [phrase] kid, [phrase] lamb, ([phrase]) man, meet, [phrase] mighty, [phrase] nephew, old, ([phrase]) people, [phrase] rebel, [phrase] robber, [idiom] servant born, [idiom] soldier, son, [phrase] spark, [phrase] steward, [phrase] stranger, [idiom] surely, them of, [phrase] tumultuous one, [phrase] valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth. See also: Genesis 3:16; Genesis 23:3; Genesis 34:18.
אָדָ֕ם ʼâdâm H120 "the man (Adam)" N-ms
Adam was the first human, created by God and mentioned in Genesis 2:19, who married Eve and had sons including Cain, Abel, and Seth.
Definition: The first named man living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.2.19; married to Eve (H2332); father of: Cain (H7014B), Abel (H1893) and Seth (H8352); also translated "man" at Gen.2.19,21,23; 3.8,9,20; 5.2; "mankind" at Deu.32.8; "others" at Job.31.33; Another spelling of a.dam (אָדָם "Adam" H0121) man, human being
Usage: Occurs in 526 OT verses. KJV: [idiom] another, [phrase] hypocrite, [phrase] common sort, [idiom] low, man (mean, of low degree), person. See also: Genesis 1:26; Judges 18:7; Psalms 8:5.
הָיוּ hâyâh H1961 "to be" V-Qal-Perf-3cp
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.
לִ֥/י "" Prep | Suff
בֵֽית bayith H1004 "place" N-ms
The Hebrew word for house refers to a dwelling place, including a family home, temple, or even the human body. It appears in various contexts, such as the temple in Jerusalem or the household of a family. In the Bible, it is often used to describe a place of worship or a family's living space.
Definition: nm place, origin, between
Usage: Occurs in 1712 OT verses. KJV: court, daughter, door, [phrase] dungeon, family, [phrase] forth of, [idiom] great as would contain, hangings, home(born), (winter) house(-hold), inside(-ward), palace, place, [phrase] prison, [phrase] steward, [phrase] tablet, temple, web, [phrase] within(-out). See also: Genesis 6:14; Exodus 8:5; Numbers 1:45.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל Yisrâʼêl H3478 "Israel" N-proper
Israel is the symbolic name of Jacob, also referring to his descendants. Jacob, son of Isaac and Rebekah, had 12 sons who became the tribes of Israel, as told in Genesis 25:26. His story is crucial to the Bible's narrative.
Definition: A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.26; son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259); brother of: Esau (H6215); married to Rachel (H7354), Leah (H3812), Zilpah (H2153) and Bilhah (H1090A); father of: Reuben (H7205), Simeon (H8095), Levi (H3878), Judah (H3063), Dan (H1835H), Naphtali (H5321), Gad (H1410), Asher (H0836), Issachar (H3485), Zebulun (H2074), Dinah (H1783), Joseph (H3130) and Benjamin (H1144); also called Jacob frequently § Israel = "God prevails" 1) the second name for Jacob given to him by God after his wrestling with the angel at Peniel 2) the name of the descendants and the nation of the descendants of Jacob 2a) the name of the nation until the death of Solomon and the split 2b) the name used and given to the northern kingdom consisting of the 10 tribes under Jeroboam; the southern kingdom was known as Judah 2c) the name of the nation after the return from exile
Usage: Occurs in 2231 OT verses. KJV: Israel. See also: Genesis 32:29; Exodus 13:18; Exodus 40:38.
ל/סוג çîyg H5509 "dross" Prep | N-ms
In the Bible, this word means the waste or scum that rises to the surface when metal is melted, like dross from silver. It's about refining and purifying.
Definition: 1) a moving back or away 2) dross (usually of silver)
Usage: Occurs in 7 OT verses. KJV: dross. See also: Psalms 119:119; Isaiah 1:22; Proverbs 25:4.
לְ/סִ֑יג çîyg H5509 "dross" Prep | N-ms
In the Bible, this word means the waste or scum that rises to the surface when metal is melted, like dross from silver. It's about refining and purifying.
Definition: 1) a moving back or away 2) dross (usually of silver)
Usage: Occurs in 7 OT verses. KJV: dross. See also: Psalms 119:119; Isaiah 1:22; Proverbs 25:4.
כֻּלָּ֡/ם kôl H3605 "all" N-ms | Suff
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Definition: 1) all, the whole 1a) all, the whole of 1b) any, each, every, anything 1c) totality, everything Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
Usage: Occurs in 4242 OT verses. KJV: (in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever). See also: Genesis 1:21; Genesis 17:10; Genesis 41:40.
נְ֠חֹשֶׁת nᵉchôsheth H5178 "bronze" N-fs
This Hebrew word refers to copper or something made of it, like a coin or chain. It can also symbolize something base or impure, as in lust or filthiness. It appears in various KJV translations, including brasen and brass.
Definition: 1) copper, bronze 1a) copper (ore), bronze (as copper alloy) 1b) fetters (of copper or bronze) 1c) copper (as value)
Usage: Occurs in 119 OT verses. KJV: brasen, brass, chain, copper, fetter (of brass), filthiness, steel. See also: Genesis 4:22; 1 Kings 7:38; Psalms 107:16.
וּ/בְדִ֨יל bᵉdîyl H913 "tin" Conj | N-ms
This Hebrew word refers to tin or alloy, and is also used figuratively to describe Israel. It is translated as plummet or tin in the KJV.
Definition: 1) alloy, tin, dross 1a) of Israel (metaph.)
Usage: Occurs in 6 OT verses. KJV: [phrase] plummet, tin. See also: Numbers 31:22; Ezekiel 22:20; Isaiah 1:25.
וּ/בַרְזֶ֤ל barzel H1270 "iron" Conj | N-ms
Iron refers to a strong metal used for tools and furniture, symbolizing strength or harshness, as seen in the Bible's descriptions of iron implements.
Definition: 1) iron 1a) iron 1a1) iron ore 1a2) as material of furniture, utensils, implements 2) tool of iron 3) harshness, strength, oppression (fig.) Aramaic equivalent: par.zel (פַּרְזֶל "iron" H6523)
Usage: Occurs in 70 OT verses. KJV: (ax) head, iron. See also: Genesis 4:22; 2 Chronicles 2:6; Psalms 2:9.
וְ/עוֹפֶ֨רֶת֙ ʻôwphereth H5777 "lead" Conj | N-fs
This word means lead, a heavy metal, and is used in the Bible to describe a type of metal used for making items. It appears in Ezekiel and Zechariah, describing the use of lead in construction and craftsmanship.
Definition: lead
Usage: Occurs in 9 OT verses. KJV: lead. See also: Exodus 15:10; Ezekiel 22:18; Jeremiah 6:29.
בְּ/ת֣וֹךְ tâvek H8432 "midst" Prep | N-ms
This word refers to the middle or center of something, such as a group of people or a physical space. It can also mean among or between things, as seen in various Bible translations.
Definition: 1) midst, middle 1a) midst, middle 1b) into, through (after verbs of motion) 1c) among (of a number of persons) 1d) between (of things arranged by twos) 1e) from among (as to take or separate etc)
Usage: Occurs in 390 OT verses. KJV: among(-st), [idiom] between, half, [idiom] (there-, where-), in(-to), middle, mid(-night), midst (among), [idiom] out (of), [idiom] through, [idiom] with(-in). See also: Genesis 1:6; Numbers 35:5; 2 Chronicles 32:4.
כּ֔וּר kûwr H3564 "furnace" N-ms
This Hebrew word means a furnace or a pot, often used for smelting or refining metals. It's mentioned in Exodus 9:8, where God tells Moses to take ashes from the furnace. The KJV translates it as 'furnace'.
Definition: 1) furnace, forge, smelting furnace or pot v 2) (Qal) to bore, pierce, dig, hew
Usage: Occurs in 9 OT verses. KJV: furnace. Compare H3600 (כִּיר). See also: Deuteronomy 4:20; Isaiah 48:10; Proverbs 17:3.
סִגִ֥ים çîyg H5509 "dross" N-mp
In the Bible, this word means the waste or scum that rises to the surface when metal is melted, like dross from silver. It's about refining and purifying.
Definition: 1) a moving back or away 2) dross (usually of silver)
Usage: Occurs in 7 OT verses. KJV: dross. See also: Psalms 119:119; Isaiah 1:22; Proverbs 25:4.
כֶּ֖סֶף keçeph H3701 "silver" N-ms
Silver or money, often referring to payment or wealth, like the silver talents in Matthew 25. It can also describe silver as a valuable metal or ornament.
Definition: : money/payment/silver 1) silver, money 1a) silver 1a1) as metal 1a2) as ornament 1a3) as colour 1b) money, shekels, talents
Usage: Occurs in 343 OT verses. KJV: money, price, silver(-ling). See also: Genesis 13:2; Numbers 22:18; 2 Chronicles 1:17.
הָיֽוּ hâyâh H1961 "to be" V-Qal-Perf-3cp
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Definition: 1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out 1a) (Qal) 1a1) --- 1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass 1a1b) to come about, come to pass 1a2) to come into being, become 1a2a) to arise, appear, come 1a2b) to become 1a2b1) to become 1a2b2) to become like 1a2b3) to be instituted, be established 1a3) to be 1a3a) to exist, be in existence 1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) 1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality) 1a3d) to accompany, be with 1b) (Niphal) 1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about 1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
Usage: Occurs in 3131 OT verses. KJV: beacon, [idiom] altogether, be(-come), accomplished, committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint, fall, [phrase] follow, happen, [idiom] have, last, pertain, quit (one-) self, require, [idiom] use. See also: Genesis 1:2; Genesis 17:4; Genesis 36:11.

Study Notes — Ezekiel 22:18

Show Verse Quote Highlights

Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1 Psalms 119:119 All the wicked on earth You discard like dross; therefore I love Your testimonies.
2 Isaiah 1:22 Your silver has become dross; your fine wine is diluted with water.
3 Jeremiah 6:28–30 All are hardened rebels, walking around as slanderers. They are bronze and iron; all of them are corrupt. The bellows blow fiercely, blasting away the lead with fire. The refining proceeds in vain, for the wicked are not purged. They are called rejected silver, because the LORD has rejected them.”
4 Isaiah 48:10 See, I have refined you, but not as silver; I have tested you in the furnace of affliction.
5 Proverbs 17:3 A crucible for silver and a furnace for gold, but the LORD is the tester of hearts.
6 Ezekiel 22:20 Just as one gathers silver, copper, iron, lead, and tin into the furnace to melt with a fiery blast, so I will gather you in My anger and wrath, leave you there, and melt you.
7 Lamentations 4:1–2 How the gold has become tarnished, the pure gold has become dull! The gems of the temple lie scattered on every street corner. How the precious sons of Zion, once worth their weight in pure gold, are now esteemed as jars of clay, the work of a potter’s hands!
8 Isaiah 31:9 Their rock will pass away for fear, and their princes will panic at the sight of the battle standard,” declares the LORD, whose fire is in Zion, whose furnace is in Jerusalem.
9 Isaiah 1:25 I will turn My hand against you; I will thoroughly purge your dross; I will remove all your impurities.
10 Isaiah 48:4 For I knew that you are stubborn; your neck is iron and your forehead is bronze.

Ezekiel 22:18 Summary

[Ezekiel 22:18 means that God sees the house of Israel as impure and corrupted, like the waste that is removed from metals during refining. This is because they have turned away from Him and sinned, as seen in the surrounding verses. Just like a refiner removes impurities from metal to make it pure, God wants to purify His people and make them holy, as described in (Malachi 3:3) and (1 Peter 1:7). He longs for them to be like refined silver, pure and clean in His sight, reflecting the beauty of His holiness, as seen in (Leviticus 11:44-45).]

Frequently Asked Questions

What does 'dross' mean in Ezekiel 22:18?

Dross refers to the waste or impurities that are separated from metals during the refining process, as seen in Ezekiel 22:18, and is used to illustrate the spiritual impurity of the house of Israel, much like the concept of refining and purification found in Isaiah 1:25 and Malachi 3:3.

Why is God comparing the house of Israel to metals like copper, tin, iron, and lead?

God is using these metals to illustrate the mixed and impure state of the house of Israel, emphasizing their spiritual corruption and need for refinement, much like the process described in Ezekiel 22:20 and Jeremiah 6:27-30.

Is this verse only talking about the ancient Israelites, or does it have relevance for us today?

While Ezekiel 22:18 is addressed to the house of Israel, the principle of God's desire for spiritual purity and refinement applies to all believers, as seen in 1 Peter 1:7 and Revelation 3:18, reminding us of our need for ongoing sanctification and cleansing from sin.

How does God's description of the house of Israel as 'dross' relate to His love and care for them?

Despite describing the house of Israel as dross, God's words in Ezekiel 22:18 convey a sense of sorrow and longing for their purification, reflecting His deep love and desire to restore them to a state of spiritual purity, as expressed in Jeremiah 31:3 and Hosea 11:1-4.

Reflection Questions

  1. What are some areas in my own life where I may be like 'dross' to God, needing refinement and purification?
  2. How can I cooperate with God's refining process in my life, as described in Ezekiel 22:20 and Malachi 3:3?
  3. In what ways can I reflect the purity and righteousness of God, as called for in Leviticus 11:44-45 and 1 Peter 1:15-16?
  4. What does it mean for me to be 'but the dross of silver' in God's eyes, and how can I strive to be more like refined silver, as described in Psalm 66:10 and Isaiah 48:10?

Gill's Exposition on Ezekiel 22:18

Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross,.... Vile, despicable, useless, and unprofitable; to which the wicked of the earth are compared, Psalms 119:119 and here the Lord's professing

Jamieson-Fausset-Brown on Ezekiel 22:18

Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they are brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are even the dross of silver.

Matthew Poole's Commentary on Ezekiel 22:18

Not a few among many, but universally the whole house of Israel, the seed of him that was a prince with God, the covenant people of God, are strangely degenerate and corrupted, as if purer and richer metals should by worse and worse turn to dross. All they, from the king to the peasant, the priests, and prophets, and people, are brass; impudent in sin; and tin; hypocrites, and mixed as tin; and iron; hard, cruel, and oppressive as iron; and lead; stupid and senseless as lead. Though I rather think this particular accommodating these metals somewhat too curious, I judge the prophet chargeth them with a continued degeneracy from bad to worse, by this gradation. In the midst of the furnace; the afflictions I have laid upon them have not bettered them, they retain their corruptions and vices. While they kept covenant, adhered to my law, kept my worship pure, and loved mercy, did justly, walked humbly with their God, they were as silver; now they are degenerated, and are but the dross of silver, vile of price, and of little use.

Trapp's Commentary on Ezekiel 22:18

Ezekiel 22:18 Son of man, the house of Israel is to me become dross: all they [are] brass, and tin, and iron, and lead, in the midst of the furnace; they are [even] the dross of silver.Ver. 18. The house of Israel is to me become dross.] Recrementum argenti; offal stuff. Silver they were once, but now nothing less. Haec ad nos quoque transferenda sunt. This is even our case; we are quite degenerate, and altogether unlike our zealous progenitors. “ Heu! pietas ubi prisca! profana O tempora! Mundi Faex, vesper, prope nox! O Mora! Christe veni. ” All they are brass.] See on Isaiah 1:22.

Ellicott's Commentary on Ezekiel 22:18

(18) Become dross.—The second prophecy (Ezekiel 22:17-22) is occupied with a figure taken from the refining of silver, which is a favourite one with the prophets (see Isaiah 1:25; Jeremiah 6:29; Zechariah 13:9; Malachi 3:3). The peculiar appropriateness of this figure has been often noted in the fact that the completion of the process of refining silver in the furnace was determined by the parting of the floating dross and the reflection of the image of the refiner from its molten surface. This figure, while setting forth the punishment of Israel, shows clearly that this punishment was for the purpose of purification.

Adam Clarke's Commentary on Ezekiel 22:18

Verse 18. The house of Israel is to me become dross] They are all like base metal-brass, tin, iron, and lead alloyed together with silver. Ye must be put in the furnace, and subjected to the most intense fire, till your impurities are consumed away. No ordinary means will avail any thing; the most violent must be resorted to.

Cambridge Bible on Ezekiel 22:18

18. dross of silver] In construction “silver” is in apposition with dross. For the figure cf. Isaiah 1:22; Isaiah 48:10; Jeremiah 6:28-30; Malachi 3:2-3.

Whedon's Commentary on Ezekiel 22:18

ISRAEL IN THE FURNACE, Ezekiel 22:18-22.In this new prophecy Israel is compared with the ore in a smelting furnace. This ore looks now perfectly worthless. Once it was good silver ore, but now it is only the “dross” of silver.

Sermons on Ezekiel 22:18

SermonDescription
Art Katz Dvd 15 the Mystery of Israel - Part 1 by Art Katz This sermon delves into the profound themes of the faith, focusing on the intertwining of the cross of Christ, the centrality of the nation of Israel, and the last days' revelation
F. L. Mortimer The Life of Christ, for Family Devotions - September by F. L. Mortimer F. L. Mortimer preaches a powerful sermon denouncing the hypocrisy and pride of the Pharisees, warning against false teachings and the dangers of seeking worldly recognition over g
Stephen Kaung Isaiah Chapter 66 by Stephen Kaung In this sermon, the preacher discusses the book of Isaiah and its message of redemption. He emphasizes that despite God's love for the children of Israel, they rebelled against Him
Bakht Singh Trials and Afflictions by Bakht Singh In this sermon, the preacher emphasizes the importance of rejoicing in faithfulness during trials and afflictions. He refers to 1 Peter chapter 4 verses 12-14, which encourages bel
Keith Daniel Bearing Fruit - Part 4 by Keith Daniel This sermon emphasizes the importance of trusting God through trials and challenges, highlighting how God refines and purifies us like gold through the fires of life. It discusses
Hans R. Waldvogel Something Is Happening by Hans R. Waldvogel In this sermon, the speaker shares a story about a group of British men who were supposed to protect people from a man-eating lion but failed because one of them fell asleep. The s
Charles Mchatton Chosen in the Furnace of Affliction by Charles Mchatton Charles Mchatton preaches about how God refines and chooses His children in the furnace of affliction, using trials, oppression, and humiliating experiences to purify their hearts

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