Mike Attwood discusses the period of church history from 300 to 500 AD, highlighting the doctrinal controversies and corruption within the Church as it became intertwined with the Roman Empire. He emphasizes the responses from groups like the Donatists and Augustine's controversial teachings, which led to a mixed church and the persecution of dissenters. Attwood also notes the rise of monasticism as a reaction to church corruption and the significant contributions of figures like Jerome and Nestorius. He warns against the dangers of compromising the gospel and the importance of returning to the simplicity of Scripture amidst historical complexities.