Proverbs 4
CambridgeProverbs 4:1-9
Seventh Address. Chap. Proverbs 4:1-9 Resuming, after the parenthesis (Proverbs 3:27-35) the style and tone of fatherly address of the preceding sections, the Teacher commends Wisdom to his scholars as his children, by the example of his own early education. Mr Horton happily remarks, “This chapter begins with a charming little piece of autobiography,” and quotes Wordsworth’s words, “Wisdom doth live with children round her knees.”
Proverbs 4:3
- my father’s son] The order of the words in the original: a son was I to my father, suggests the meaning, I was a true son, a son not only by birth, but by filial reverence and obedience, “filius, i.e. cum vi; veri nominis filius.” Maur. Others explain, with Bertheau, “I also stood in the relation to my actual father, in which you stand to me, your paternal instructor.” tender] Comp. 1 Chronicles 29:1, where David uses this word of Solomon. only beloved] Lit. only. The R.V., while giving in the margin “Heb. an only one,” retains the rendering of A.V. in the text, and prints the word “beloved” (not as A.V., in italics, but) in Roman characters, as being “plainly implied in the Hebrew, and necessary in English” (Revisers’ Preface). The point is interesting as bearing upon the authorship of this part of the Book. Solomon was not an “only” son, though it might reasonably be urged that he was so in the same sense as was Isaac, of whom this same word is used (Genesis 22:2; Genesis 22:16. Comp. μονογενῆ, Hebrews 11:17), and who was not strictly an only son either, but one who stood alone in the choice of God and in the Messianic line, and therefore in the estimation of his father. Comp. “Solomon my son, whom alone God hath chosen,” 1 Chronicles 29:1, where (see preceding note), the word “tender” is also applied as here to Solomon. But Solomon was from his birth specially beloved (2 Samuel 12:24-25), and the word is used elsewhere in this derived sense, “alone” not only in fact, but in the value set upon it (Psalms 22:20; Psalms 35:17, “my darling”; where see notes in this Series). ἀγαπώμενος, LXX.
Proverbs 4:4
- he taught me also] Rather, and he taught me, R.V.
Proverbs 4:7
- Wisdom is &c.] So also R.V. text. Others, with R.V. marg., The beginning of wisdom is, Get wisdom, Comp. Proverbs 2:1-5. with all thy getting] Rather, with all thou hast gotten, R.V., at the price or cost of all thy possessions. Comp. Matthew 13:44; Matthew 13:46.
Proverbs 4:11
Eighth Address. Chap. Proverbs 4:10-1911. right paths] Rather, paths of uprightness, R.V., as at once being a more exact rendering and preserving better the parallelism.
Proverbs 4:12
- goest … runnest] The figure of Pro 4:11 is continued. straitened] “His firm, wide steps of prosperity and security, when he walked in a wide place (Psalms 4:1), become narrowed and hampered.” Widening of the steps is a usual Oriental figure for the bold and free movements of one in prosperity, as straitening of them is for the constrained and timid action of one in adversity. Comp. Proverbs 4:12; Psalms 18:36; and note on Job 18:7, in this Series.
Proverbs 4:14
- The earnest warning of this and the following verses recalls the similar warnings of Pro 1:19 ff.; Proverbs 2:12 ff.; Proverbs 3:31 ff.
Proverbs 4:16
- their sleep is taken away] Comp.: “Ergo non aliter poterit dormire; quibusdam Somnum rixa facit.” Juv. Sat. III. 281, 2.
Proverbs 4:17
- This verse may be taken either (1) literally, they procure their bread and wine, get their living, by wickedness and violence, or (2) figuratively, wickedness and violence are to them as meat and drink. Comp. Job 15:16; Job 34:7; John 4:34.
Proverbs 4:18
- the shining light] Some would render, the light of dawn, with R.V. marg., but this is rather implied in the figure than expressed in the words. the perfect day] Lit. the standing firm of the day. ἕωςκατορθώσῃἡἡμέρα, LXX. As the sun climbs the heavens, shining brighter and brighter, from the first faint glimmer of dawn till he reaches his meridian height and appears to stand there firm and motionless; so is the path of the righteous. His sun standeth still at last in the heavens, and hasteth not to go down for the whole everlasting day.
Proverbs 4:19
- as darkness] Comp., for the contrast with the preceding verse, Proverbs 13:9.
Proverbs 4:22
Ninth Address. Chap. 4. Proverbs 4:20-2722. their flesh] Lit. his flesh, i.e. the flesh of every one of them. This individualising the teaching, by a sudden change from the plural to the singular number occurs again, Proverbs 3:18.
Proverbs 4:23
- with all diligence] Lit. above all keepings, that is bestowed on aught beside. πάσῃφυλακῇ, LXX. Omni custodia, Vulg. Others, with R.V. marg., above all that thou guardest; “prζ omnibus rebus custodiendis,” Maurer. “It is very strange that Judaism should ever have sunk into a formal religion of outward observance, when its own wisdom was so explicit on this point … ‘Keep them in the midst of thy heart … Keep thy heart with all diligence, for out of it are the issues of life.’ The Greek version, which was very generally used in our Lord’s time, had a beautiful variation of this last clause. [It is really of Pro 4:21, where by a slight change in the Heb. punctuation they read ‘fountains’ for ‘eyes’]: ‘In order that thy fountains may not fail thee, guard them in the heart’ [ὅπωςμὴἐκλίπωσίσεαἱπηγαίσου, φύλασσεαὐτὰςἐνκαρδίᾳ, Proverbs 4:21, LXX.]. It was after all but a new emphasis on the old teaching of the Book of Proverbs, when Jesus taught the necessity of heart purity, and when He shewed that out of the heart came forth evil thoughts and all the things which defile a man (Matthew 15:19).” Horton.
Proverbs 4:26
- ponder] So R.V. marg., weigh carefully; but R.V. text has make level, &c., with which agrees LXX. ὀρθὰςτροχιὰςποίεισοῖςποσίν: “make straight paths for thy feet.” So Hebrews 12:13. See Proverbs 5:21. established] Or, ordered aright, R.V. marg.
Proverbs 4:27
- At the end of this verse the LXX. add: “For the ways on the right God knoweth, But the ways on the left are crooked. And He will make straight thy paths, And thy goings will He conduct in peace.”