Zephaniah 1:16 — Word Study
WLCי֥וֹם שׁוֹפָ֖ר וּתְרוּעָ֑ה עַ֚ל הֶעָרִ֣ים הַבְּצֻר֔וֹת וְעַ֖ל הַפִּנּ֥וֹת הַגְּבֹהֽוֹת׃
BSAa dayyôwm [of reckoning, a time of judgment] of horn [blast]shôwphâr [trumpet, a ram's horn] and battle crytᵉrûwʻâh [shout, a loud noise] againstʻal the fortifiedbâtsar [strong, walled] citiesʻîyr and againstʻal the highgâbôahh [elevated, lofty] corner towerspinnâh [pinnacles, chief rulers]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| י֥וֹם | a day of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| שׁוֹפָ֖ר | trumpet | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וּתְרוּעָ֑ה | and battle-cry | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| עַ֚ל | on | Preposition |
| הֶעָרִ֣ים | the cities | Particle, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| הַבְּצֻר֔וֹת | fortified | Particle |
| וְעַ֖ל | and on | Conjunction, preposition |
| הַפִּנּ֥וֹת | the corners | Particle, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| הַגְּבֹהֽוֹת׃ | high | Particle |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | a day of horn blast and battle cry against the fortified cities, and against the high corner towers. |
| KJV | A day of the trumpet and alarm against the fenced cities, and against the high towers. |
| ASV | a day of the trumpet and alarm, against the fortified cities, and against the high battlements. |
| YLT | A day of trumpet and shouting against the fenced cities, And against the high corners. |
| WEB | a day of the trumpet and alarm against the fortified cities and against the high battlements. |
| BBE | A day of sounding the horn and the war-cry against the walled towns and the high towers. |
Where they part company is שׁוֹפָר — see How Translations Differ.
The structure presents a main clause followed by two prepositional phrases that describe the targets of the impending judgment.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Zephaniah 1:16
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Coming Day of the LORDgenerated
Zephaniah 1:16 describes a day characterized by alarm and conflict, signaling a time of divine judgment against cities and their rulers. This verse is part of a larger context that warns of the consequences of sin and the certainty of God's wrath, as seen in the preceding and following verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 59:10 | Like the blind, we feel our way along the wall, groping like those without eyes. We stumble at midday as in the twilight; among the vigorous we are like the dead. |
| 2 | Jeremiah 4:19–20 | My anguish, my anguish! I writhe in pain! Oh, the pain in my chest! My heart pounds within me; I cannot be silent. For I have heard the sound of the horn, the alarm of battle. |
| 3 | Jeremiah 6:1 | “Run for cover, O sons of Benjamin; flee from Jerusalem! Sound the ram’s horn in Tekoa; send up a signal over Beth-haccherem, for disaster looms from the north, even great destruction. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 8:16 | The snorting of enemy horses is heard from Dan. At the sound of the neighing of mighty steeds, the whole land quakes. They come to devour the land and everything in it, the city and all who dwell in it. |
| 5 | Hosea 5:8 | Blow the ram’s horn in Gibeah, the trumpet in Ramah; raise the battle cry in Beth-aven: Lead on, O Benjamin! |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יוֹם, Yomgenerated
The word יוֹם (Yom) is a noun meaning 'day,' which can refer to a literal 24-hour period or a broader time frame. It often denotes significant times in biblical narratives, such as the 'day of the LORD,' which indicates a moment of divine intervention or judgment.
The parsing as a masculine singular construct suggests it is being used to denote a specific occasion, emphasizing the importance of this particular day of reckoning.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb is absent, as this verse presents a series of noun phrases describing the day. The structure emphasizes the elements that characterize this day: the trumpet and battle cry, the cities, and the towers.
The Hebrew word order places the most significant elements at the beginning, highlighting the urgency and importance of the sounds that announce the coming judgment.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יוֹם as ἡμέρα (hēmera), maintaining the meaning of 'day' and suggesting a direct correlation with the Hebrew term.
For שׁוֹפָר, the LXX uses σάλπιγγος (salpingos), which refers to a trumpet, indicating a consistent understanding of the instrument's role in signaling important events.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Zephaniah 1:16 describes a day of alarm marked by the sound of trumpets and battle cries directed at fortified cities and high towers. This verse is part of a larger warning about the consequences of sin and the certainty of God's judgment.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It refers to a time of alarm and impending judgment, where the sound of trumpets signals the seriousness of the situation.
They symbolize places of strength and security that will not be able to withstand the judgment of God.
The battle cry emphasizes the urgency and seriousness of the judgment being proclaimed.
This verse encapsulates the warning of divine judgment that runs throughout the book, highlighting the consequences of sin.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does it mean for me to recognize the seriousness of God's judgment in my life?
- How can I prepare myself spiritually for the 'day of the LORD'?
- In what ways do I see fortified cities in my life that I rely on for security?
- How can I respond to the call for repentance that this verse implies?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Zephaniah 1:16 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleA day of the trumpet and alarm against the fenced cities,.... The trumpet of the enemy, sounding the alarm of war against the fenced cities of Judea, which were taken before Jerusalem; calling and
Read John Gill on Zephaniah 1 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryA day of the trumpet and alarm against the fenced cities, and against the high towers.
Read Robert Jamieson on Zephaniah 1 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThe trumpet; God’ s trumpet calling the Chaldeans, the Chaldeans’ trumpet also gathering together their troops. Alarm, threatening and affrighting, against the fenced cities of Judah. The high towers; stately palaces and strong munitions, fortified with high towers, built at the angles of walls, and therefore the Hebrew calls them high corners; it may mean also the great men, which, as corners well built are the strength and beauty of a wall, so they of a state, .
Read Matthew Poole on Zephaniah 1 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsZephaniah 1:16 A day of the trumpet and alarm against the fenced cities, and against the high towers.Ver. 16. A day of the trumpet] With its horrid taratantara and alarm; not of those that shout and praise God, neither with a noise of joy and triumph, as Numbers 23:21 Psalms 67:5 Ezra 3:11-12; but of those that shout with broken sounds in the day of battle, as Amos 1:14, in classico, in a war trumpet with a vociferation and horrible howling, such as the Turks to this day make when they storm a city. Against the fenced cities, and against the high towers] Wherein ye trust, but in vain. These high towers were built at the corners of the walls. Hence the Hebrew text here hath it, Against the…
Read John Trapp on Zephaniah 1 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges16. Besides the supernatural terrors of the judgment there is the hostile assault which the supernatural terrors accompany. A day of the trumpet and alarm] The “trumpet” was blown amidst the attack (Judges 7:19), as now martial music accompanies the advance. Amos 2:2, “Moab shall die with tumult, with shouting, and with the sound of the trumpet.” The word “alarm” here is that rendered “shouting,” Amos 1:14; Amos 2:2, in accordance with its literal sense “to arms!” (Ital. all’ arme). The “shouting” (terû‘ah), originally that of battle (Jeremiah 4:19), became in later and more peaceful times the shout of the glad worshippers on the feast days (Ezra 3:11-13).
Read Cambridge on Zephaniah 1 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleA day of the trumpet and alarm - o that is, of the loud blast of the trumpet, which sounds alarm and causes it.
Read Albert Barnes on Zephaniah 1 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleThe terrors of the day of Jehovah, Zephaniah 1:14-18.In Zephaniah 1:14 Zephaniah calls attention once more to the nearness of the day of Jehovah (compare Zephaniah 1:7); in the succeeding verses he
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Zephaniah 1 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
a day of horn blast and battle cry against the fortified cities, and against the high corner towers.
a day of the trumpet and alarm against the fortified cities and against the high battlements.
a day of horn blast and battle cry against the fortified cities, and against the high corner towers.
a day of trumpet blasts and battle cries. Judgment will fall on the fortified cities and the high corner towers.
Tyndale line
A day of the trumpet and alarm against the fenced cities, and against the high towers.
a day of the trumpet and alarm, against the fortified cities, and against the high battlements.
a day of the trumpet and alarm, against the fenced cities, and against the high battlements.
A day of the trumpet and alarm against the fortified cities, and against the high towers.
A day of the trumpet and alarme against the strong cities, and against the hie towres.
Strictly literal
a day of the trumpet and alarm, against the fenced cities and against the high battlements.
A day of trumpet and shouting against the fenced cities, And against the high corners.
A day of horn and shouting against the fortified cities, || And against the high corners.
A day of the cornet and alarm, against the fenced cities, and against the high battlements.
It will be a day of trumpets and alarms against the fortified cities and the high battlements.
From the Latin
A day of the trumpet and alarm against the fenced cities, and against the high bulwarks.
Simplified
a day of trumpet calls and battle cries against fortified cities and watchtowers.
A day of sounding the horn and the war-cry against the walled towns and the high towers.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text aligns closely with the Septuagint, with 9 of the 9 words matched. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some editorial restoration but maintain the same essential message about the day of alarm and judgment.
י֥וֹם שׁוֹפָ֖ר וּתְרוּעָ֑ה עַ֚ל הֶעָרִ֣ים הַבְּצֻר֔וֹת וְעַ֖ל הַפִּנּ֥וֹת הַגְּבֹהֽוֹת׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
יום שופר [ותרועה] [על] [הערים] [הבצרות] [ועל] [הפנות] [הגבהות]
2 words on the leather — 7 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Zephaniah 1:16
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יוֹם (yowm) means 'day' and refers to a division of time, contrasting with night. It can denote a literal 24-hour period, a general time span, or even a year. The term is used in various contexts, including the 'day of Yahweh,' which signifies a time of divine judgment. It also appears in phrases indicating temporal references like today, yesterday, and tomorrow.
יוֹם 2285 n.m. day
day, opp. night
Day as division of time
יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous
Pl. days of anyone
Days
יוֹם = time
Phrases
base
H3117 יוֹם day . day, opp. night
. Day as division of time
. יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous
. Pl. days of anyone
. Days
. יוֹם = time
. Phrases
3117 yowm yome
from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm
hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one
sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by
an associated term), (often used adverb):--age, + always, +
chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to)
day, (now a, two) days (agone), + elder, X end, + evening, +
(for) ever(-lasting, -more), X full, life, as (so) long as
(... live), (even) now, + old, + outlived, + perpetually,
presently, + remaineth, X required, season, X since, space,
then, (process of) time, + as at other times, + in trouble,
weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), X whole
(+ age), (full) year(-ly), + younger.
יוֹם (yom) — day.
: day/when/time/period
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
1b2a) a working day, a day's journey
1c) days, lifetime (pl.)
1d) time, period (general)
1e) year
1f) temporal references
1f1) today
1f2) yesterday
1f3) tomorrow
יוֹם (yom) — day: old.
: old/(full/many)[days]
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
1b2a) a working day, a day's journey
1c) days, lifetime (pl.)
1d) time, period (general)
1e) year
1f) temporal references
1f1) today
1f2) yesterday
1f3) tomorrow
יוֹם (yom) — day: year.
: year[of_days]
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שֹׁפָר (sho-far) refers to a horn or trumpet, specifically one used for blowing. It is derived from a root meaning to incise and is associated with producing a clear sound. The term encompasses both a cornet and a ram's horn, as noted in various lexicons.
שֹׁפָר, שׁוֹפָר 72 n.m. horn, for blowing
base
H7782 שֹׁפָר, שׁוֹפָר horn, for blowing
7782 showphar sho-far'
or shophar {sho-far'}; from 8231 in the original sense of
incising; a cornet (as giving a clear sound) or curved
horn:--cornet, trumpet.
see HEBREW for 08231
שֹׁפָר (sho.phar) — trumpet.
horn, ram's horn
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
[CORNET]
The Lord commanded Moses to make two trumpets of beaten silver, for the purpose of calling the people together when they were to decamp, Nu 10:2. They used these trumpets to proclaim the beginning of the civil year, of the sabbatical year, Le 23:24 Nu 29:1, and of the jubilee, Le 25:9-10. See MUSIC.
The feast of Trumpets was kept on the first day of the seventh month of the sacred year, which was the first of the civil year, called Tishri. The beginning of the year was proclaimed by sound of trumpet, Le 23:24 Nu 29:1; and the day was kept solemn, all servile business…
- An instrument of music
- Called the trump
- MADE OF
. Rams' horns
. Silver
- Required to give an intelligible and understood sound
תְּרוּעָה (teru'ah) refers to a shout or blast, encompassing a range of meanings from alarm and battle cries to expressions of joy. It is derived from the root meaning to make a loud noise, and is associated with both war signals and joyful proclamations. The entries highlight its use in contexts of both alarm and celebration.
תְּרוּעָה n.f. shout or blast of war, alarm, or joy
base
H8643 תְּרוּעָה shout or blast of war, alarm, or joy
8643 truw`ah ter-oo-aw'
from 7321; clamor, i.e. acclamation of joy or a battle-cry;
especially clangor of trumpets, as an alarum:--alarm, blow(-
ing) (of, the) (trumpets), joy, jubile, loud noise, rejoicing,
shout(-ing), (high, joyful) sound(-ing).
see HEBREW for 07321
תְּרוּעָה (te.ru.ah) — shout.
1) alarm, signal, sound of tempest, shout, shout or blast of war or alarm or joy
1a) alarm of war, war-cry, battle-cry
1b) blast (for march)
1c) shout of joy (with religious impulse)
1d) shout of joy (in general)
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Ncfsa
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.
עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage
base
עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town
city, town, abode of men
of fortress in a city
appar. fortified place, of any size
base
H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men
. of fortress in a city
. appar. fortified place, of any size
5892 `iyr eer
or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)
{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a
watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or
post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
see HEBREW for 05782
עִיר (ir) — excitement.
1) excitement, anguish
1a) of terror
עִיר (ir) — city.
1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town
עִיר (ir) — City (of On).
Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)
This name means city, town
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
עִיר (ir) — Ir-.
#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;
son of: Tehinnah (H8468)
Art | N-fp — Particle · noun common masculine plural absoluteHTd/Ncmpa
The earliest notice in Scripture of city-building is of Enoch by Cain, in the land of his exile. (Genesis 4:17) After the confusion of tongues the descendants of Nimrod founded Babel, Erech, Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar, and Asshur, a branch from the same stock, built Nineveh, Rehoboth-by-the-river, Calah and Resen, the last being "a great city." The earliest description of a city, properly so called, is that of Sodom, (Genesis 19:1-22) Even before the time of Abraham there were cities in Egypt, (Genesis 12:14,15; Numbers 13:22) and the Israelites, during their sojourn there, were employed in building or fortifying the "treasure cities" of Pithom and Raamses.…
בָּצַר (batsar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to cut off or make inaccessible, often through fortification. It can refer to gathering grapes, as well as to restraining or enclosing something. The word encompasses various forms, including being withheld or fortified, and is associated with secrets or inaccessible things.
[בָּצַר] vb. cut off, make inaccessible (esp. by fortifying), enclose
Qal cut off, grape-clusters; hence grape-gathering, -gatherer; fig. cut off (= take away)
Niph. be withheld
Pi. fortify
base
H1219 [בָּצַר] cut off, make inaccessible (esp. by fortifying), enclose .cut off, grape-clusters; hence grape-gathering, -gatherer; fig. cut off (= take away)
. be withheld
. fortify
1219 batsar baw-tsar'
a primitive root; to clip off; specifically (as denominative
from 1210) to gather grapes; also to be isolated (i.e.
inaccessible by height or fortification):--cut off,
(de-)fenced, fortify, (grape) gather(-er), mighty things,
restrain, strong, wall (up), withhold.
see HEBREW for 01210
בָּצַר (ba.tsar) — to gather/restrain/fortify.
1) to gather, restrain, fence, fortify, make inaccessible, enclose
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to cut off
1a2) fortified, cut off, made inaccessible (pass participle)
1a3) secrets, mysteries, inaccessible things (subst)
1b) (Niphal) to be withheld
1c) (Piel) to fortify
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Aafpa
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
פִּנָּה (pinnah) means 'corner' and can refer to the corner of square objects or figuratively to a chief or chieftain. It is derived from a related word meaning 'to turn.' The entries indicate its use in contexts like a bulwark or pinnacle, but do not provide specific verse references.
פִּנָּה 28 n.f. corner
base
H6438 פִּנָּה corner
6438 pinnah pin-naw'
feminine of 6434; an angle; by implication, a pinnacle;
figuratively, a chieftain:--bulwark, chief, corner, stay,
tower.
see HEBREW for 06434
פִּנָּה (pin.nah) — Corner (Gate).
This name means corner, to turn, to turn back
פִּנָּה (pin.nah) — corner.
1) corner
1a) corner (of square objects)
1b) corner (of ruler or chief-fig.)
Also means: pen (פֵּן "Corner" H6434)
Art | N-fp — Particle · noun common feminine plural absoluteHTd/Ncfpa
The Hebrew word גָּבֹהַּ (*gaboah*) means high or exalted, covering meanings such as tall, lofty, and haughty. It can also refer to loftiness as a noun. The word is derived from a root meaning to elevate or be elevated, and it appears in contexts that emphasize height or pride.
גָּבֹהַּ adj. high, exalted
high, lofty, tall
exalted in station
haughty
n.[m.] loftiness
base
H1364 גָּבֹהַּ high, exalted . high, lofty, tall
. exalted in station
. haughty
. n. [m.] loftiness
1364 gaboahh gaw-bo'-ah
or (fully) gabowahh {gaw-bo'-ah}; from 1361; elevated (or
elated), powerful, arrogant:--haughty, height, high(-er),
lofty, proud, X exceeding proudly.
see HEBREW for 01361
גָּבֹהַּ (ga.vo.ah) — high.
adj
1) high, exalted
1a) high, tall
1b) high (in position)
1c) proud, haughty
n m
2) loftiness
Also means: ga.vah (גָּבֹהַּ "high" H1362)
Art | Adj — ParticleHTd/Aafpa