Menu

Psalms 9:5 — Word Study

Depth

WLCגָּעַ֣רְתָּ ג֭וֹיִם אִבַּ֣דְתָּ רָשָׁ֑ע שְׁמָ֥ם מָ֝חִ֗יתָ לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃

BSAforkîy to makeʻâsâh justicemishpâṭ judgmentdîyn to dwellyâshab thronekiççêʼ to judgeshâphaṭ Righteousnesstsedeq

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 9
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 5 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (va.'Ed) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 9:5quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist declares God's judgment against the nations and the wicked, emphasizing His power to erase their memory forever.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, reflecting on God's actions against the wicked.
Where we areThis verse is part of a psalm that praises God's righteous judgment and enduring nature.
The hard wordאִבַּ֣דְתָּ
Take awayGod's judgment is final and everlasting.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbכִּי The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 9:5

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — God's Judgment on the Nationsgenerated

4For You have upheld my just cause; You sit on Your throne judging righteously.
5You have rebuked the nations; You have destroyed the wicked; You have erased their name forever and ever.
6The enemy has come to eternal ruin, and You have uprooted their cities; the very memory of them has vanished.
7But the LORD abides forever; He has established His throne for judgment.

Psalm 9:5 presents a powerful declaration of God's authority over the nations and the wicked. The psalmist recounts how God has rebuked the nations, destroyed the wicked, and erased their names forever. This reflects a theme found throughout the Psalms, where God's justice and righteousness are celebrated, particularly in contrast to the fate of the ungodly. The surrounding verses emphasize God's eternal reign and the ultimate fate of His enemies, reinforcing the certainty of His judgment.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 2:1–8Why do the nations rage and the peoples plot in vain?
2Psalm 78:55He drove out nations before them and apportioned their inheritance; He settled the tribes of Israel in their tents.
3Psalm 79:10Why should the nations ask, “Where is their God?” Before our eyes, make known among the nations Your vengeance for the bloodshed of Your servants.
4Psalm 149:7to inflict vengeance on the nations and punishment on the peoples,
51 Samuel 17:45–51But David said to the Philistine, “You come against me with sword and spear and javelin, but I come against you in the name of the LORD of Hosts, the God of the armies of Israel, whom you have defied.

The Key Word אִבַּ֣דְתָּ, 'i.Bad.tagenerated

The verb אִבַּדְתָּ ('i.Bad.ta) is a perfect form in the Piel stem, indicating an intense action of destruction. It means 'you have destroyed' or 'you have caused to perish.' This word conveys a sense of finality and totality in the act of destruction, aligning with the context of divine judgment.

The Piel stem often intensifies the meaning of the root, which is אָבַד (abad), meaning to perish or be lost. Here, it emphasizes God's active role in bringing about the destruction of the wicked, highlighting His authority and power over all nations.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses destroyed for אִבַּ֣דְתָּ.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse consists of three main clauses, each beginning with a verb: גָּעַ֣רְתָּ, you have rebuked, אִבַּ֣דְתָּ, you have destroyed, and מָ֝חִ֗יתָ, you have wiped out. Each verb is followed by its respective object, indicating what God has done to the nations and the wicked.

The structure emphasizes the sequential nature of God's actions against the wicked, highlighting His authority and the permanence of His judgment.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb אִבַּ֣דְתָּ is rendered as κρίσιν (krisin), meaning 'judgment.' This choice reflects a focus on the judicial aspect of God's actions, suggesting that the destruction of the wicked is not only an act of power but also a matter of divine justice.

This translation indicates a broader interpretation of the Hebrew text, emphasizing the moral implications of God's judgment on the nations.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 9:5 speaks of God's actions against the nations and the wicked. It states that God has rebuked the nations, destroyed the wicked, and erased their names forever. This verse highlights God's authority and the permanence of His judgment, emphasizing that those who oppose Him will face ultimate destruction.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that God has rebuked the nations?

To rebuke the nations means that God has corrected or condemned them for their wrongdoing, asserting His authority over them.

Why does the psalmist emphasize the destruction of the wicked?

The emphasis on the destruction of the wicked serves to highlight God's justice and the consequences of moral failure, reinforcing the idea that evil will not prevail.

What is the significance of erasing their name forever?

Erasing their name forever signifies complete and total judgment, indicating that the memory of the wicked will be obliterated and they will not be remembered.

How does this verse connect to God's eternal nature?

This verse connects to God's eternal nature by showing that His judgment is not temporary; it is everlasting, reflecting His authority over time and history.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How do I see God's judgment at work in the world today?
  2. In what ways can I ensure that my actions align with God's standards of righteousness?
  3. What does it mean for me that God has the power to erase names forever?
  4. How can I trust in God's justice when I see evil prevailing around me?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers comment on God's judgment in this verse, highlighting its implications for understanding divine authority and justice.

Origen of AlexandriaSELECTIONS FROM THE Psalms 9:6 c. 185–253
The expression “you have rebuked” indicates correction: “You have blotted out his name.” God blotted out the name Abram, making it Abraham, and Sarai, calling her Sarah, and Simon, naming him Peter.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 9 →
John ChrysostomCOMMENTARY ON THE Psalms 9:3 c. 347–407
You see how he has no need of weapons—sword, bows, arrows; rather, those things are mentioned in more human fashion. After all, God has only to censure, and those destined for punishment perish.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 9 →
Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 9 354–430
"You have rebuked the heathen, and the ungodly has perished" [Psalms 9:5]. We take this to be more suitably said to the Lord Jesus Christ, than said by Him.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 9 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 9:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Thou hast rebuked the Heathen,.... The people of the Philistines, as the Targum and Kimchi explain it, though some Jewish writers (a) understand it of Amalek the chief of the Heathen nations; but it

Read John Gill on Psalms 9 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Thou hast rebuked the heathen, thou hast destroyed the wicked, thou hast put out their name for ever and ever.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 9 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Rebuked, i.e. punished, as ; or destroyed, as it is explained in the next clause. The heathen, to wit, the Philistines and other heathen nations, who did from time to time molest David, or the people of Israel. Their name; either that fame and honour which they had gained by their former exploits, but now utterly lost by their shameful defeats; or their very memorial, as it fared with Analek.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 9 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 9:5 Thou hast rebuked the heathen, thou hast destroyed the wicked, thou hast put out their name for ever and ever.Ver. 5. Thou hast rebuked the heathen, &c.] God first chideth the Church’ s enemies by lighter judgments; if these be not improved, he destroyeth them, Psalms 119:21; and, because they sought to obscure and extirpate his name from among men, therefore he puts out their name, that is, their fame and reputation, for ever and yet, or for ever and a day, as we use to say: Ingloria vita recedit, they go out in a snuff, as did the primitive and modern persecutors, of abhorred memory.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 9 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(5) Put out.—Better, blotted out. The family is extinct and its name erased from the civil register. (See Psalms 69:28; Psalms 109:13.) The Daleth stanza is wanting.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 9 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 5. Thou hast rebuked the heathen] We know not what this particularly refers to, but it is most probably to the Canaanitish nations, which God destroyed from off the face of the earth; hence it is said, Thou hast put out their name for ever and ever, לעולם ועד leolam vaed, endlessly. Here עולם olam has its proper signification, without end. He who contends it means only a limited time, let him tell us where the Hivites, Perizzites, Jebusites, c., now dwell and when it is likely they are to be restored to Canaan.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 9 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

5, 6. Stanza of Gimel. The utter destruction of the nations in their wickedness.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 9 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Thou hast rebuked the heathen - Not the pagan in general, or the nations at large, but those who are particularly referred to in this psalm - those who are described as the enemies of the writer and of God.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 9 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

You have rebuked the nations; You have destroyed the wicked; You have erased their name forever and ever.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

You have rebuked the nations. You have destroyed the wicked. You have blotted out their name forever and ever.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

You have rebuked the nations; You have destroyed the wicked; You have erased their name forever and ever.

NETBNew English Translation2006

You terrified the nations with your battle cry; you destroyed the wicked; you permanently wiped out all memory of them.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Thou hast rebuked the heathen, thou hast destroyed the wicked, thou hast put out their name for ever and ever.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Thou hast rebuked the nations, thou hast destroyed the wicked; Thou hast blotted out their name for ever and ever.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Thou hast rebuked the nations, thou hast destroyed the wicked, thou hast blotted out their name for ever and ever.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Thou hast rebuked the heathen, thou hast destroyed the wicked, thou hast put out their name for ever and ever.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Thou hast rebuked the heathen: thou hast destroyed the wicked: thou hast put out their name for euer and euer.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Thou hast rebuked the nations, thou hast destroyed the wicked; thou hast put out their name for ever and ever.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Thou hast rebuked nations, Thou hast destroyed the wicked, Their name Thou hast blotted out to the age and for ever.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

You have rebuked nations, || You have destroyed the wicked, || You have blotted out their name for all time and forever.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(9:6) Thou hast rebuked nations, thou hast caused the wicked to perish, their name hast thou blotted out for ever and ever.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

You rebuked the nations; you have destroyed the wicked; you have blotted out their name forever and ever.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

For thou hast maintained my judgment and my cause: thou hast sat on the throne, who judgest justice.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

You have condemned the nations; you have destroyed the wicked; you have wiped out their names forever and ever.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

You have said sharp words to the nations, you have sent destruction on the sinners, you have put an end to their name for ever and ever.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbגָּעַ֣רְתָּyou.have.rebukedobjectג֭וֹיִםnationsclauseverbאִבַּ֣דְתָּyou.have.destroyedobjectרָשָׁ֑ע[the].wickedclausenoun phrase · objectשְׁמָ֥nameםtheirverbמָ֝חִ֗יתָyou.have.wiped.outprepositional phrase · prepositionalלְforevernoun phraseעוֹלָ֥םof.perpetuityוָandעֶֽדever

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text reads: גָּעַ֣רְתָּ ג֭וֹיִם אִבַּ֣דְתָּ רָשָׁ֑ע שְׁמָ֥ם מָ֝חִ֗יתָ לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃. The Septuagint matches this closely, providing a word-for-word correspondence without significant variation.

The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration in their text, but the core message aligns with the Masoretic Text, affirming the consistency of this verse across different manuscripts.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

גָּעַ֣רְתָּ ג֭וֹיִם אִבַּ֣דְתָּ רָשָׁ֑ע שְׁמָ֥ם מָ֝חִ֗יתָ לְעוֹלָ֥ם וָעֶֽד׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
גָּעַ֣רְתָּὅτιג֭וֹיִםἐποίησαςאִבַּ֣דְתָּκρίσινרָשָׁ֑עμουשְׁמָ֥םδίκηνמָ֝חִ֗יתָμουלְעוֹלָ֥םἐπὶוָעֶֽד׃κρίνων

8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 11Q7a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[כי] עשיתה משפט׳י ודינ׳י ושבתה לכסא שפטתה צדק

5 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 1 supplied entire by an editor.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 11Q8a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[כי] [עשית] משפט׳י [ודינ׳י] [ישבת] [לכסא] [שופט] [צדק]

1 word on the leather — 7 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 9:5גָּעַרyou have reyou have rebukeגָּעַרגּוֹיnationsnationsגּוֹיאָבַדyou have deyou have destroאָבַדרָשָׁע[the] wicke[the] wickedרָשָׁעשֵׁםname theirname theirשֵׁםמָחָהyou have wiyou have wiped מָחָהעוֹלָםfor everfor everעוֹלָםעַדand everand everעַדרָשַׁעbe wickedbe wickedרָשַׁעשׂוּםto set: mato set: makeשׂוּםעָלַםto concealto concealעָלַםעָדָהto advanceto advanceעָדָהגֵּוָהbackbackגֵּוָהשָׂטָןSatanSatanשָׂטָןעָצוּםmightymightyעָצוּםמַמְלָכָהkingdomkingdomמַמְלָכָהתִּקְוָהcordcordתִּקְוָהשָׁמַדto destroyto destroyשָׁמַדצַדִּיקrighteousrighteousצַדִּיקאָבַדto perishto perishאָבַדקָרָאto call: cto call: call tקָרָאיָדָהto give thto give thanksיָדָהזֵ֫כֶרmemorialmemorialזֵ֫כֶרעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדדּוֹרgenerationgenerationדּוֹרעוֹלָםforever: aforever: antiquעוֹלָם
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 9:5

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

you have rebuked nations you have destroyed [the] wicked name their you have wiped out for ever and ever
גָּעַ֣רְתָּga.'Ar.ta you have rebuked H1605 Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine singular
14× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to rebuke or reprove someone, often in a stern or corrective manner, as seen in the Bible's teachings on discipline. It can also mean to corrupt.
Tyndale gloss
to rebuke
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גָּעַר (ga'ar) is a primitive root meaning to rebuke or reprove. The entries indicate that it can also imply chiding or corrupting. It is primarily used in the context of reprimanding or correcting someone.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גָּעַר vb. rebuke

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1605 גָּעַר rebuke

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1605 ga`ar gaw-ar'

a primitive root; to chide:--corrupt, rebuke, reprove.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גָּעַר (ga.ar) — to rebuke.

(Qal) to rebuke, reprove, corrupt

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqp2ms — Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine singular
HVqp2ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
you have rebuked nations you have destroyed [the] wicked name their you have wiped out for ever and ever
ג֭וֹיִםGo.yim nations H1471 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
561× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a Gentile, someone who is not Hebrew or Israeli. It can also describe a large group of animals or a nation of people, emphasizing their unity and shared identity.
Tyndale gloss
Gentile
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

גּוֹי (goy) refers to a nation or people, often indicating non-Hebrew groups, but can also encompass descendants of Abraham and Israel. It may figuratively describe a swarm of locusts or animals. The plural form, גּוֹיִם (goyim), is noted as a proper noun referring to the people of Goim, specifically mentioned in Genesis 14:1.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

גּוֹי 661 n.m. nation, people

base

גּוֹיִם n.pr.gent. Tid‛al king of Goim

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1471a גּוֹי nation, people H1471b גּוֹיִם n. pr. gent. Tid‛al king of Goim

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1471 gowy go'-ee

rarely (shortened) goy {go'-ee}; apparently from the same

root as 1465 (in the sense of massing); a foreign nation;

hence, a Gentile; also (figuratively) a troop of animals, or a

flight of locusts:--Gentile, heathen, nation, people.

see HEBREW for 01465

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

גּוֹי (goy) — nation.

1) nation, people

1a) nation, people

1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people

1a2) of descendants of Abraham

1a3) of Israel

1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)

גּוֹיִם (go.yim) — Goiim.

People descended from Goy(?), first mentioned at Gen.14.1

§ Goyim (Tidgal, king of)

גּוֹי (goy) — Gentile.

1) nation, people

1a) nation, people

1a1) usually of non-Hebrew people

1a2) of descendants of Abraham

1a3) of Israel

1b) of swarm of locusts, other animals (fig.)

1c) Goyim? = "nations"

Also named: ethnos (ἔθνος "Gentiles" G1484)

גּוֹי (goy) — (Harosheth)-hagoyim.

Goyim (Tidgal, king of)

Combined with cha.ro.shet (חֲרֹ֫שֶׁת "Harosheth" H2800)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

na'-shunz.

See GENTILES; GOIIM; HEATHEN; TABLE OF NATIONS.

you have rebuked nations you have destroyed [the] wicked name their you have wiped out for ever and ever
אִבַּ֣דְתָּ'i.Bad.ta you have destroyed H6 Verb · Piel · perfect second person masculine singular
184× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To perish means to be destroyed or lost, whether it's a person, animal, or thing, like the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah in Genesis 19.
Tyndale gloss
to perish
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָבַד (abad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to perish or be lost. It encompasses a range of meanings, including dying, vanishing, and destruction, often in a moral or judgment context. The word appears in various forms in the Old Testament, with uses related to individuals, nations, and inanimate objects. The lexicons indicate that it can also imply causing something to perish or stray.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָבַד vb. perish (M I אבד, As. abâtu Dl W 184 Aram אֲבַד, Syriac).—

Qal Pf. א׳ Nu 21:30 +; אָבְדוּ ψ 10:16 + (+ Ez 6:3 𝔊 Co) etc.; Impf. יֹאבַד Jb 3:3 Je 4:9; יֹאבֵ֑ד Jb 20:7 + 2t.; 3fs. תֹּאבַד Dt 22:3 + 4t.; תֹּאבֵ֑ד Jb 8:13 + 3t.; יֹאבְדוּ Ju 5:31 + 3t.; יֹאבֵ֑דוּ Jb 4:9 +; 3fpl. וַתֹּאבַדְנָה֙ I S 9:3; תֹּאבֵדוּן Dt 4:26 +; נֹאבֵ֑ד Jon 1:6

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6 אָבַד perish .. perish, die, of individuals

. fig. perish, vanish, subj. memory

. be lost, strayed

. . cause to perish, destroy, kill

. fig. cause to vanish, blot out, do away with

. cause to stray, lose

. . destroy, put to death, in judgment

. fig. obj. name of kings; hope; voice of mirth etc.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6 'abad aw-bad'

a primitive root; properly, to wander away, i.e. lose

oneself; by implication to perish (causative,

destroy):--break, destroy(- uction), + not escape, fail,

lose, (cause to, make) perish, spend, X and surely, take, be

undone, X utterly, be void of, have no way to flee.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָבַד (a.vad) — to perish.

1) perish, vanish, go astray, be destroyed

1a) (Qal)

1a1) perish, die, be exterminated

1a2) perish, vanish (fig.)

1a3) be lost, strayed

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to destroy, kill, cause to perish, to give up (as lost), exterminate

1b2) to blot out, do away with, cause to vanish, (fig.)

1b3) cause to stray, lose

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to destroy, put to death

1c1a) of divine judgment

1c2) object name of kings (fig.)

Aramaic equivalent: a.vad (אֲבַד "to destroy" H0007)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVpp2ms — Verb · Piel · perfect second person masculine singular
HVpp2ms
you have rebuked nations you have destroyed [the] wicked name their you have wiped out for ever and ever
רָשָׁ֑עra.Sha' [the] wicked H7563 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
263× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes someone who is morally wrong, a bad person who is guilty of crime or sin against God or others. It is used to describe the wicked in biblical stories, such as in the book of Genesis.
Tyndale gloss
wicked
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָשָׁע (rasha`) refers to someone who is wicked or criminal, encompassing meanings such as guilty and ungodly. It is derived from a root that implies moral wrongdoing. The term is used to describe individuals who are hostile to God or guilty of sin against others.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רָשָׁע 263 adj. wicked, criminal

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7563 רָשָׁע wicked, criminal

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7563 rasha` raw-shaw'

from 7561; morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad

person:--+ condemned, guilty, ungodly, wicked (man), that did

wrong.

see HEBREW for 07561

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָשָׁע (ra.sah) — wicked.

1) wicked, criminal

1a) guilty one, one guilty of crime (subst)

1b) wicked (hostile to God)

1c) wicked, guilty of sin (against God or man)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
you have rebuked nations you have destroyed [the] wicked name their you have wiped out for ever and ever
שְׁמָ֥םshe.Mam name their H8034 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
864× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, a name represents a person's identity, honor, and character, like God's name symbolizing His power and authority. It appears in Genesis and other books, often referring to God's name or a person's reputation. This concept is central to understanding biblical identity.
Tyndale gloss
name
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שֵׁם (shem) means 'name' and encompasses various meanings such as reputation, fame, and glory. It can refer to the designation of God and is often associated with memorials or monuments. The word is built from a primitive root and highlights individuality and honor. There is a mention of its use in relation to false gods, which is forbidden.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שֵׁם 864 n.m. name (√ unknown)

of river, beasts, city, i.e. exact designation of it

usu. of pers.

= reputation

esp. as giving a man a kind of posthumous life, esp. in his sons

name, as designation of God

of false gods, use forbidden

= memorial, monument

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8034 שֵׁם name (√ unknown)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8034 shem shame

a primitive word (perhaps rather from 7760 through the idea

of definite and conspicuous position; compare 8064); an

appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality; by

implication honor, authority, character:--+ base,

(in-)fame(-ous), named(-d), renown, report.

see HEBREW for 07760

see HEBREW for 08064

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שֵׁם (shem) — name.

1) name

1a) name

1b) reputation, fame, glory

1c) the Name (as designation of God)

1d) memorial, monument

Aramaic equivalent: shum (שֻׁם "name" H8036)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc/Sp3mp — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp3mp
you have rebuked nations you have destroyed [the] wicked name their you have wiped out for ever and ever
מָ֝חִ֗יתָma.Chi.ta you have wiped out H4229 Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine singular
36× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to erase or wipe something away. In Psalm 51:1, David asks God to blot out his sins. It can also mean to reach out or touch something.
Tyndale gloss
to wipe
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מָחָה (machah) primarily means to wipe or erase, with implications of obliteration or destruction. It can denote actions like striking or smoothing, and has various grammatical forms indicating different nuances, such as being wiped out or blotted from memory. Notably, it appears in Numbers 34:11 and Isaiah 25:6.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מָחָה vb. wipe, wipe out

Qal

wipe

blot out = obliterate from the memory

blot out = exterminate

Niph.

be wiped out

be blotted out

be exterminated

Hiph. blot out, from the memory

base

מָחָה vb. strike;—Nu 34:11 (P)

ref

מָחָה vb. denom. only Pu. Pt. in Is 25:6 fat pieces full of marrow

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4229a מָחָה wipe, wipe out H4229b מָחָה strike H4229c מָחָה vb. denom. only Pu. Pt. fat pieces full of marrow

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4229 machah maw-khaw'

a primitive root; properly, to stroke or rub; by implication,

to erase; also to smooth (as if with oil), i.e. grease or make

fat; also to touch, i.e. reach to:--abolish, blot out,

destroy, full of marrow, put out, reach unto, X utterly, wipe

(away, out).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָחָה (ma.chah) — to wipe.

1) to wipe, wipe out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to wipe

1a2) to blot out, obliterate

1a3) to blot out, exterminate

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be wiped out

1b2) to be blotted out

1b3) to be exterminated

1c) (Hiphil) to blot out (from memory)

מָחָה (ma.chah) — to strike.

(Qal) to strike

מָחָה (ma.chah) — be marrow.

(Pual) full of marrow (participle)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqp2ms — Verb · Qal · perfect second person masculine singular
HVqp2ms
you have rebuked nations you have destroyed [the] wicked name their you have wiped out for ever and ever
לְעוֹלָ֥םle.'o.Lam for ever H5769 Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
438× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means forever or always, describing something that lasts an eternity. It is used in the Bible to describe God's eternal nature and his lasting promises.
Tyndale gloss
forever: antiquity
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עוֹלָם (owlam) refers to concepts of long duration, antiquity, and futurity, encompassing meanings like eternity and perpetual existence. It is derived from a root meaning 'concealed' or 'the vanishing point.' The term is used to describe both ancient times and an indefinite future, indicating continuity and everlastingness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עוֹלָם 439 n.m. long duration, antiquity, futurity

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5769 עוֹלָם long duration, antiquity, futurity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5769 `owlam o-lawm'

or lolam {o-lawm'}; from 5956; properly, concealed, i.e. the

vanishing point; generally, time out of mind (past or future),

i.e. (practically) eternity; frequentatively, adverbial

(especially with prepositional prefix) always:--alway(-s),

ancient (time), any more, continuance, eternal, (for,

(n-))ever(-lasting, -more, of old), lasting, long (time), (of)

old (time), perpetual, at any time, (beginning of the) world

(+ without end). Compare 5331, 5703.

see HEBREW for 05956

see HEBREW for 05331

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: enduring.

: enduring/eternal

1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world

1a) ancient time, long time (of past)

1b) (of future)

1b1) for ever, always

1b2) continuous existence, perpetual

1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity

עוֹלָם (o.lam) — Everlasting.

This name means long duration, everlasting, perpetual

Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)

עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: any time.

: any_time

1) long duration, antiquity, futurity, for ever, ever, everlasting, evermore, perpetual, old, ancient, world

1a) ancient time, long time (of past)

1b) (of future)

1b1) for ever, always

1b2) continuous existence, perpetual

1b3) everlasting, indefinite or unending future, eternity

עוֹלָם (o.lam) — forever: antiquity.

: old/ancient

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncmsa — Preposition · noun common masculine singular absolute
HR/Ncmsa
you have rebuked nations you have destroyed [the] wicked name their you have wiped out for ever and ever
וָעֶֽד׃va.'Ed and ever H5703 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
49× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means forever or eternity, describing something that has no end, like God's existence. It's used in the Bible to talk about things that last forever. In Genesis, it describes God's eternal nature.
Tyndale gloss
perpetuity
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַד, transliterated as ad, refers to the concept of perpetuity, encompassing both past and future time. It signifies a duration that can imply eternity or continuous existence. The term is associated with ancient mountains in the context of the past and is used to denote the idea of forever in relation to the future, particularly in reference to God's existence.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַד and וָעֶ֑ד (so alw.) n.m. perpetuity (= advancing time)

of past time: ancient mountains

of future time, לָעַד for ever

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5703 עַד, וָעֶ֑ד perpetuity . of past time: ancient mountains

. of future time, לָעַד for ever

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5703 `ad ad

from 5710; properly, a (peremptory) terminus, i.e. (by

implication) duration, in the sense of advance or perpetuity

(substantially as a noun, either with or without a

preposition):--eternity, ever(- lasting, -more), old,

perpetually, + world without end.

see HEBREW for 05710

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַד (ad) — perpetuity.

1) perpetuity, for ever, continuing future

1a) ancient (of past time)

1b) for ever (of future time)

1b1) of continuous existence

1c) for ever (of God's existence)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Ncmsa — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absolute
HC/Ncmsa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

Everything we make is available for free because of a generous community of supporters.

Donate