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Psalms 35:2 — Word Study

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WLCהַחֲזֵ֣ק מָגֵ֣ן וְצִנָּ֑ה וְ֝ק֗וּמָה בְּעֶזְרָתִֽי׃

BSATake upchâzaq [seize, lay hold of] Your shieldmâgên [a protective device, buckler] and bucklertsinnâh [a hook, protective armor] arise and comeqûwm [stand up, rise] to my aidʻezrâh [personal, intimate, help, assistance, support]

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 35
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 2 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (be.'ez.ra.Ti) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 35:2quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist calls upon God to take up His protective gear and come to his aid.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, appealing directly to God.
Where we areIn the context of a plea for divine assistance amidst conflict.
The hard wordהַחֲזֵ֣ק
Take awayThe psalmist seeks strength and protection from God.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbחָזַק The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 35:2

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Plea for Divine Helpgenerated

1Contend with my opponents, O LORD; fight against those who fight against me.
2Take up Your shield and buckler; arise and come to my aid.
3Draw the spear and javelin against my pursuers; say to my soul: “I am your salvation.”
4May those who seek my life be disgraced and put to shame; may those who plan to harm me be driven back and confounded.

Psalm 35:2 is part of a larger prayer where the psalmist asks God to intervene against his adversaries. The psalm expresses a deep reliance on God's protection and assistance during times of trouble, much like other psalms that voice similar cries for help, such as Psalm 22:19 and Psalm 54:1.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 7:12–13If one does not repent, God will sharpen His sword; He has bent and strung His bow.
2Exodus 15:3The LORD is a warrior, the LORD is His name.
3Deuteronomy 32:41–42when I sharpen My flashing sword, and My hand grasps it in judgment, I will take vengeance on My adversaries and repay those who hate Me.
4Isaiah 13:5They are coming from faraway lands, from the ends of the heavens— the LORD and the weapons of His wrath— to destroy the whole country.
5Isaiah 42:13The LORD goes forth like a mighty one; He stirs up His zeal like a warrior. He shouts; yes, He roars in triumph over His enemies:

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

Take hold of shield and buckler, and stand up for mine help.Psalm 7:12–13 Exodus 15:3 Deuteronomy 32:41–42 Isaiah 13:5 Isaiah 42:13

The Key Word הַחֲזֵ֣ק, ha.cha.Zekgenerated

The verb חָזַק (chazaq) is in the imperative form, calling for action: to take hold of or seize. This word conveys a sense of strength and urgency, as it implores God to act decisively.

The Hiphil stem indicates a causative action, suggesting that the psalmist is asking God to make His strength manifest in a protective way. This word appears frequently in contexts of divine support and fortitude.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb הַחֲזֵ֣ק governs the entire verse, commanding God to take action. The structure emphasizes the urgency of the request for divine intervention.

The phrase מָגֵן וְצִנָּ֑ה serves as the object of the verb, indicating the specific items — shield and buckler — that the psalmist desires God to take up.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates חָזַק as ἐπιλαβοῦ, which means 'to take hold of' or 'to seize'. This choice reflects a direct appeal to God's active involvement in providing protection.

The Greek term used for מָגֵן is ὅπλου, which denotes a weapon or armor, reinforcing the imagery of God as a defender.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 35:2 is a cry for help where the psalmist asks God to take up His shield and come to his aid. This reflects a deep trust in God's protection during times of trouble.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to take up a shield?

Taking up a shield symbolizes readiness for battle and protection, indicating that God is called upon to defend the psalmist.

Why does the psalmist ask God to arise?

The psalmist asks God to arise as a way of requesting divine intervention, indicating urgency and the need for immediate help.

What is the significance of the word 'aid' in this verse?

The word 'aid' emphasizes the personal and intimate nature of the help sought from God, highlighting the psalmist's reliance on divine support.

How does this verse connect to other psalms?

This verse connects to other psalms that express similar themes of seeking God's protection and assistance, reflecting a common pattern in the psalms.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life do I need to seek God's protection and help?
  2. How can I actively trust in God's strength when facing challenges?
  3. What does it mean for me to call upon God for aid in my daily life?
  4. How can I encourage others to seek God's help in their struggles?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early commentators like Pseudo-Athanasius and Cassiodorus reflect on this verse, interpreting it as a plea for divine assistance and protection against enemies.

Pseudo-AthanasiusEXPOSITION ON Psalms 35 4th–6th c.
He indicates through the arms and shield and sword the chastising powers sent by God to help those who fear him.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 35 →
CassiodorusEXPLANATION OF THE Psalms 35:2 c. 485–585
Armor and shield are the very will of the Lord by which he protects someone in danger and fights back against his enemy.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 35 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 35:2 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Take hold of shield and buckler,.... Defensive weapons; not that the Lord stands in need of any of these to defend himself with: but the sense is, that he would be as these to David; as he was to

Read John Gill on Psalms 35 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Take hold of shield and buckler, and stand up for mine help. Shield and buckler. The Hebrew means 'the small shield' [ maageen (H4043)] and the 'large shield' respectively [ tsinaah (H6793)] (cf.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 35 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Take hold of shield and buckler; therewith to cover and defend me. Compare .

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 35 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 35:2 Take hold of shield and buckler, and stand up for mine help.Ver. 2. Take hold of shield and buckler] Jehovah is a man of war, Exodus 15:3, and so he is here stirred up to harness himself; not that he needeth weapons defensive, as here, or offensive, as Psalms 35:3, for he can destroy his enemies, solo nutu ac flatu, with a nod, or a blast; but this is spoken after the manner of men, and for our better apprehension of God’ s readiness to relieve his distressed ones.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 35 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(2) Shield and buckler.—Better, buckler and shield, as the first (Heb., magen) suggests a small, the latter (tsinnah) a large shield covering the whole body. Greek, θυρεός (see Note, Psalms 5:12.) Notice that the poet, in the intensity of his purpose, overlooks the anomaly of arming a warrior with two shields at once. The bold flight of imagination that could picture the Divine Being as a warrior, a picture common in Hebrew poetry, but here more vividly realised than anywhere else except Isaiah 63:1, may well excuse such a lapse.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 35 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 2. Take hold of shield and buckler] Let them be discomfited in battle who are striving to destroy my life. It is by the shield and buckler of others, not any of his own, that God overthrows the enemies of his people. This is spoken merely after the manner of men.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 35 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

1–3. Appeal to Jehovah to arm himself as the Psalmist’s champion.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 35 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Take hold of shield and buckler - That is, Arm thyself as if for the contest. It is a prayer, in a new form, that God would interpose, and that he would go forth as a warrior against the enemies of the psalmist.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 35 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Take up Your shield and buckler; arise and come to my aid.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Take hold of shield and buckler, and stand up for my help.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Take up Your shield and buckler; arise and come to my aid.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Grab your small shield and large shield, and rise up to help me!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Take hold of shield and buckler, and stand up for mine help.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Take hold of shield and buckler, And stand up for my help.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Take hold of shield and buckler, and stand up for mine help.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Take hold of shield and buckler, and stand up for my help.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Lay hand vpon the shielde and buckler, and stand vp for mine helpe.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Take hold of shield and buckler, and stand up for my help;

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Take hold of shield and buckler, and rise for my help,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Take hold of shield and buckler, and rise for my help,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Take hold of shield and buckler, and rise up for my help.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Grab your small shield and large shield; rise up and help me.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The unjust hath said within himself, that he would sin: there is no fear of God before his eyes.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Put your armor on, and pick up your shield. Get ready, come and help me.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Be a breastplate to me, and give me your help.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbהַחֲזֵ֣קtake.hold.ofnoun phrase · objectמָגֵ֣ןshieldוְandצִנָּ֑הbody.shieldוְ֝andclauseverb phrase · verbק֗וּמָariseהprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּ(in)noun phraseעֶזְרָתִֽhelpיmy

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in wording, with all five words matched in the Greek translation. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration but retain the core message of the plea for divine aid.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

הַחֲזֵ֣ק מָגֵ֣ן וְצִנָּ֑ה וְ֝ק֗וּמָה בְּעֶזְרָתִֽי׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
הַחֲזֵ֣קἐπιλαβοῦמָגֵ֣ןὅπλουוְצִנָּ֑הθυρεοῦוְ֝ק֗וּמָהἀνάστηθιבְּעֶזְרָתִֽי׃μου

5 of the 5 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q83a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

החזק מגן [וצנה] [וקומ׳ה] [בעזרת׳י]

1 word on the leather — 1 partly restored, 3 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 35:2חָזַקtake hold otake hold ofחָזַקמָגֵןshieldshieldמָגֵןצִנָּהand body shand body shieldצִנָּהלֵבand arise !and arise !לֵבעֶזְרָהhelp myhelp myעֶזְרָהגָּנַןto defendto defendגָּנַןאַבְדָ֑ןdestructiodestructionאַבְדָ֑ןצֵןthornthornצֵןבֶ֫דֶקbreachbreachבֶ֫דֶקאָמֵץto strengtto strengthenאָמֵץעֵ֫זֶרhelperhelperעֵ֫זֶרצִנָּהhookhookצִנָּהשָׁחַטbeatenbeatenשָׁחַטרֹ֫מַחspearspearרֹ֫מַחנֶ֫דֶרvowvowנֶ֫דֶרעֵדwitnesswitnessעֵדחוּשׁto hastento hastenחוּשׁתְּשׁוּעָהdeliverancdeliverance: saתְּשׁוּעָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 35:2

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

take hold of shield and body shield and arise ! help my
הַחֲזֵ֣קha.cha.Zek take hold of H2388 Verb · Hiphil · imperative second person masculine singular
291× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To strengthen means to be strong or courageous, and can also mean to seize or conquer, as seen in various KJV translations.
Amplified meaning
seize, lay hold of
Tyndale gloss
to strengthen: strengthen
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word חָזַק (chazaq) means to be strong or to strengthen. It encompasses a range of meanings including to support, encourage, and make firm, as well as to seize or hold fast. The word can be used in various forms, such as to strengthen oneself or to display strength. There is no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חָזַק 291 vb. be or grow firm, strong, strengthen

Qal

intrans. be or grow strong

transit. only strengthened him not

Pi.

make strong (physically)

strengthen the hands (acc.) of anyone, sustain, encourage

make strong = bold, encourage

make firm

make rigid, hard, i.e. perverse, obstinate, harden

Hiph.

make strong, strengthen

make firm, the kingdom

display strength

make severe, of battle

support

= repair

prevail

esp. take or keep hold of, seize, grasp

Hithp.

strengthen oneself

put forth strength, use one's strength

withstand

hold strongly with

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2388 חָזַק be or grow firm, strong, strengthen .. intrans. be or grow strong

. transit. only strengthened him not

. . make strong (physically)

. strengthen the hands (acc.) of anyone, sustain, encourage

. make strong = bold, encourage

. make firm

. make rigid, hard, i.e. perverse, obstinate, harden

. . . make strong, strengthen

. make firm, the kingdom

. display strength

. make severe, of battle

. support

. = repair

. prevail

. esp. take or keep hold of, seize, grasp

. . strengthen oneself

. put forth strength, use one's strength

. withstand

. hold strongly with

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2388 chazaq khaw-zak'

a primitive root; to fasten upon; hence, to seize, be strong

(figuratively, courageous, causatively strengthen, cure, help,

repair, fortify), obstinate; to bind, restrain, conquer:--aid,

amend, X calker, catch, cleave, confirm, be constant,

constrain, continue, be of good (take) courage(-ous, -ly),

encourage (self), be established, fasten, force, fortify, make

hard, harden, help, (lay) hold (fast), lean, maintain, play

the man, mend, become (wax) mighty, prevail, be recovered,

repair, retain, seize, be (wax) sore, strengthen (self), be

stout, be (make, shew, wax) strong(-er), be sure, take (hold),

be urgent, behave self valiantly, withstand.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חָזַק (cha.zaq) — to strengthen: strengthen.

: strengthen/support/encourage

1) to strengthen, prevail, harden, be strong, become strong, be courageous, be firm, grow firm, be resolute, be sore

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be strong, grow strong

1a1a) to prevail, prevail upon

1a1b) to be firm, be caught fast, be secure

1a1c) to press, be urgent

1a1d) to grow stout, grow rigid, grow hard (bad sense)

1a1e) to be severe, be grievous

1a2) to strengthen

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to make strong

1b2) to restore to strength, give strength

1b3) to strengthen, sustain, encourage

1b4) to make strong, make bold, encourage

1b5) to make firm

1b6) to make rigid, make hard

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to make strong, strengthen

1c2) to make firm

1c3) to display strength

1c4) to make severe

1c5) to support

1c6) to repair

1c7) to prevail, prevail upon

1c8) to have or take or keep hold of, retain, hold up, sustain, support

1c9) to hold, contain

1d) (Hithpael)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil-Impv-2ms — Verb · Hiphil · imperative second person masculine singular
HVhv2ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

take hold of shield and body shield and arise ! help my
מָגֵ֣ןma.Gen shield H4043 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
63× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A shield in biblical times, this word also symbolizes protection, like God being a shield to those who trust in Him, as seen in Psalm 3:3. It can also refer to a ruler or leader who defends their people.
Amplified meaning
a protective device, buckler
Tyndale gloss
shield
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָגֵן (magen) means 'shield' and can refer to both a small shield or buckler and a figurative protector. It can also denote the scaly hide of a crocodile. The word is feminine in plural form, מִגִּנָּה (mginnah), and is derived from a root meaning to cover or protect.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מָגֵן n.m. & f. shield

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4043 מָגֵן shield

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4043 magen maw-gane'

also (in plural) feminine mginnah {meg-in-naw'}; from 1598; a

shield (i.e. the small one or buckler); figuratively, a

protector; also the scaly hide of the crocodile:--X armed,

buckler, defence, ruler, + scale, shield.

see HEBREW for 01598

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָגֵן (ma.gen) — shield.

shield, buckler

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sheld.

See ARMOR, IV, 1.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Shield

Used in defensive warfare, varying at different times and under different circumstances in size, form, and material (1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 1:21; 1 Kings 10:17; 1 Chr. 12:8, 24, 34; Isa. 22:6; Ezek. 39:9; Nahum 2:3).

Used figuratively of God and of earthly princes as the defenders of their people (Gen. 15:1; Deut. 33:29; Ps. 33:20; 84:11). Faith is…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The ordinary shield consisted of a framework of wood covered with leather; it thus admitted of being burnt. (Ezekiel 39:9) It was frequently cased with metal, either brass or copper; its appearance in this case resembled gold when the sun shone on it, 1 Macc. 6:39 and to this, rather than to the practice of smearing blood on the shield we may refer the redness noticed by. Nahum. (Nahum 2:3) The surface of the shield was kept bright by the application of oil as implied in (Isaiah 21:5) The shield was worn on the left arm, to which it was attached by a strap. Shields of state were covered with beaten gold. Shields were suspended about public buildings for ornamental purposes. (1 Kings 10:17) In the metaphorical language of the…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A piece of defensive armor. God is often called the shield of his people, Ge 15:1 Ps 5:12 84:11, as are also princes and great men, 2Sa 1:21 Ps 47:9. See ARMOR.

take hold of shield and body shield and arise ! help my
וְצִנָּ֑הve.tzi.Nah and body shield H6793 Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absolute
22× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word for shield refers to a protective device used in battle, like a buckler. It appears in the Bible as a symbol of God's protection, as in Psalm 5:12. The word also means cold, as in piercing or biting.
Amplified meaning
a hook, protective armor
Tyndale gloss
hook
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word צִנָּה (*tsinnah*) has meanings related to a hook or barb, coolness, and a large shield. It is derived from a root meaning 'to prick' and can refer to something piercing or protective. The entries highlight its use in contexts like Amos 4:2 for a hook and Proverbs 25:13 for coolness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צִנָּה] n.f. appar. hook, or barb (of fishing-spear?);—pl. Am 4:2

ref

[צִנָּה] n.f. coolness;—cstr. Pr 25:13

ref

צִנָּה n.f. large shield (covering whole body)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6793a צִנָּה appar. hook, or barb (of fishing-spear?) H6793b צִנָּה coolness H6793c צִנָּה large shield (covering whole body)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6793 tsinnah tsin-naw'

feminine of 6791; a hook (as pointed); also a (large) shield

(as if guarding by prickliness); also cold (as piercing):--

buckler, cold, hook, shield, target.

see HEBREW for 06791

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צִנָּה (tsin.nah) — hook.

1) something piercing, hook, barb

1a) meaning uncertain

צִנָּה (tsin.nah) — coolness.

coolness, cold (of snow)

צִנָּה (tsin.nah) — shield.

1) shield, large shield, buckler

1a) shield

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absolute
HC/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

sheld.

See ARMOR, IV, 1.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Shield

Used in defensive warfare, varying at different times and under different circumstances in size, form, and material (1 Sam. 17:7; 2 Sam. 1:21; 1 Kings 10:17; 1 Chr. 12:8, 24, 34; Isa. 22:6; Ezek. 39:9; Nahum 2:3).

Used figuratively of God and of earthly princes as the defenders of their people (Gen. 15:1; Deut. 33:29; Ps. 33:20; 84:11). Faith is…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

The ordinary shield consisted of a framework of wood covered with leather; it thus admitted of being burnt. (Ezekiel 39:9) It was frequently cased with metal, either brass or copper; its appearance in this case resembled gold when the sun shone on it, 1 Macc. 6:39 and to this, rather than to the practice of smearing blood on the shield we may refer the redness noticed by. Nahum. (Nahum 2:3) The surface of the shield was kept bright by the application of oil as implied in (Isaiah 21:5) The shield was worn on the left arm, to which it was attached by a strap. Shields of state were covered with beaten gold. Shields were suspended about public buildings for ornamental purposes. (1 Kings 10:17) In the metaphorical language of the…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

A piece of defensive armor. God is often called the shield of his people, Ge 15:1 Ps 5:12 84:11, as are also princes and great men, 2Sa 1:21 Ps 47:9. See ARMOR.

take hold of shield and body shield and arise ! help my
וְ֝ק֗וּמָהve.Ku.mah and arise ! H6965 Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine singular · suffix
628× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Qum means to rise or stand up, used in various contexts like rising to power or standing firm, as seen in Jeremiah and Ezra.
Amplified meaning
stand up, rise
Tyndale gloss
(Leb)-kamai
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word קוּם (qum) is a primitive root meaning 'to rise' and encompasses a range of actions such as standing, becoming powerful, and establishing. It can imply a sudden or hostile rise, as well as the act of fulfilling or confirming something. The entries also note various grammatical forms, indicating its use in different contexts, including raising up or causing to stand.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.

ref

קוּם 628 vb. arise, stand up, stand

Qal 460

arise

arise, in hostile sense (oft. with idea of suddenness)

arise, abs., = become powerful

arise = come on the scene, appear, of leader, prophet

arise for, i.e. to become

arise for action

arise (out of inaction), introducing some specific deed

esp. arise = start, make a move, to go somewhere

stand

Pi.

fulfil

confirm, ratify

confirm, establish

impose, an obligation

Pō‛l. raise up

Hithpō‛l. raise oneself, = rise up

Hiph.

146cause to arise, raise

raise, set up, stones

erect, build

fig, of setting up law

raise up = bring on the scene

raise up = rouse, stir up

instigate, build

fig, of setting up law

raise up = constitute

cause to stand

Hoph. be raised up

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6965a לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash H6965b קוּם arise, stand up, stand .. arise

. arise, in hostile sense (oft. with idea of suddenness)

. arise, abs., = become powerful

. arise = come on the scene, appear, of leader, prophet

. arise for, i.e. to become

. . arise for action

. arise (out of inaction), introducing some specific deed

. esp. arise = start, make a move, to go somewhere

. stand

. . fulfil

. . confirm, ratify

. confirm, establish

. impose, an obligation

. raise up

. raise oneself, = rise up

. . cause to arise, raise

. . raise, set up, stones

. erect, build

. fig, of setting up law

. raise up = bring on the scene

. . raise up = rouse, stir up

. instigate, build

. fig, of setting up law

. raise up = constitute

. cause to stand

. be raised up

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6965 quwm koom

a primitive root; to rise (in various applications, literal,

figurative, intensive and causative):--abide, accomplish, X

be clearer, confirm, continue, decree, X be dim, endure, X

enemy, enjoin, get up, make good, help, hold, (help to) lift

up (again), make, X but newly, ordain, perform, pitch, raise

(up), rear (up), remain, (a-)rise (up) (again, against), rouse

up, set (up), (e-)stablish, (make to) stand (up), stir up,

strengthen, succeed, (as-, make) sure(-ly), (be) up(-hold, -

rising).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָמָי (qa.may) — (Leb)-kamai.

Combined with lev (לֵב "Leb" H3820B)

§ -Kamai = "my adversary"

Leb-kamai, i.e., people of Gambulai

קוּם (qum) — to arise: rise.

: rise/get_going

1) to rise, arise, stand, rise up, stand up

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to arise

1a2) to arise (hostile sense)

1a3) to arise, become powerful

1a4) to arise, come on the scene

1a5) to stand

1a5a) to maintain oneself

1a5b) to be established, be confirmed

1a5c) to stand, endure

1a5d) to be fixed

1a5e) to be valid

1a5f) to be proven

1a5g) to be fulfilled

1a5h) to persist

1a5i) to be set, be fixed

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to fulfil

1b2) to confirm, ratify, establish, impose

1c) (Polel) to raise up

1d) (Hithpael) to raise oneself, rise up

1e) (Hiphil)

1e1) to cause to arise, raise

1e2) to raise, set up, erect, build

1e3) to raise up, bring on the scene

1e4) to raise up, rouse, stir up, investigate

1e5) to raise up, constitute

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-Impv-2ms | Suff — Conjunction · verb qal imperative second person masculine singular · suffix
HC/Vqv2ms/Sh
take hold of shield and body shield and arise ! help my
בְּעֶזְרָתִֽי׃be.'ez.ra.Ti help my H5833 Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
26× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means 'help' or 'aid', referring to assistance or support, as seen in various Bible translations.
Amplified meaning
personal, intimate, help, assistance, support
Tyndale gloss
help
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֶזְרָה (ezrah) refers to help, succour, or assistance. It is a feminine noun derived from the root meaning aid. The word appears in contexts related to providing support, including in Psalm 60:11 and Psalm 108:12, where it emphasizes the act of helping or the one who helps.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֶזְרָה, עֶזְרָת, עֶזְרָ֫תָה n.f. help, succour, assistance

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5833 עֶזְרָה, עֶזְרָת, עֶזְרָ֫תָה help, succour, assistance

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5833 `ezrah ez-raw'

or mezrath (Psa. 60:11 (13); 108:12 (13)) {ez-rawth'};

feminine of 5828; aid:--help(-ed, -er).

see HEBREW for 013

see HEBREW for 013

see HEBREW for 05828

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֶזְרָה (ez.rah) — help.

1) help, succour, assistance

1a) help, succour

1b) one who helps

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-fs | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncfsc/Sp1bs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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