Proverbs 23:30 — Word Study
WLCלַֽמְאַחֲרִ֥ים עַל־ הַיָּ֑יִן לַ֝בָּאִ֗ים לַחְקֹ֥ר מִמְסָֽךְ׃
BSAThose who lingerʼâchar [tarry long, delay] overʻal wineyayin [fermented drink] who gobôwʼ [approach, come] to tastechâqar [search out, examine] mixed drinksmamçâk [diluted wine, cocktails]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| לַֽמְאַחֲרִ֥ים | to [those who] delay | Preposition, verb piel participle (active) masculine plural |
| עַל־ | over | Preposition |
| הַיָּ֑יִן | the wine | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| לַ֝בָּאִ֗ים | to [those who] go | Preposition, verb qal participle (active) masculine plural |
| לַחְקֹ֥ר | to examine | Preposition, verb qal infinitive construct common |
| מִמְסָֽךְ׃ | mixed wine | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Those who linger over wine, who go to taste mixed drinks. |
| KJV | They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine. |
| ASV | They that tarry long at the wine; They that go to seek out mixed wine. |
| YLT | Those tarrying by the wine, Those going in to search out mixed wine. |
| WEB | Those who stay long at the wine; those who go to seek out mixed wine. |
| BBE | Those who are seated late over the wine: those who go looking for mixed wine. |
The translations agree on the meaning of the verse, focusing on the behavior of those who linger over wine and seek mixed drinks.
The structure features one main clause with two descriptive phrases, emphasizing the actions of the subjects.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Proverbs 23:30
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Warnings Against Excessive Drinkinggenerated
Proverbs 23:30 is part of a series of warnings about the dangers of excessive drinking. The verses preceding it ask rhetorical questions about the consequences of wine, setting the stage for the caution against lingering over it. The following verses continue to describe the negative effects of wine, emphasizing the wisdom in avoiding its excesses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 20:1 | Wine is a mocker, strong drink is a brawler, and whoever is led astray by them is not wise. |
| 2 | Genesis 9:21 | But when he drank some of its wine, he became drunk and uncovered himself inside his tent. |
| 3 | Isaiah 5:11 | Woe to those who rise early in the morning in pursuit of strong drink, who linger into the evening, to be inflamed by wine. |
| 4 | Amos 6:6 | You drink wine by the bowlful and anoint yourselves with the finest oils, but you fail to grieve over the ruin of Joseph. |
| 5 | Ephesians 5:18 | Do not get drunk on wine, which leads to reckless indiscretion. Instead, be filled with the Spirit. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — לַֽמְאַחֲרִ֥ים, lam.'a.cha.Rimgenerated
The word אָחַר (achar) means to delay or tarry. It is a piel participle in the masculine plural form, indicating a group of people who are characterized by their tendency to delay. The action of delaying can imply hesitation or loitering, suggesting a lack of urgency or purpose.
In this verse, it highlights the behavior of those who spend too much time indulging in wine, leading to potential negative outcomes. The emphasis on delaying serves as a warning against the pitfalls of excessive drinking.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree that the verse describes people who linger over wine and seek mixed drinks.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb in the verse is לַֽמְאַחֲרִ֥ים, those who delay, which governs the rest of the sentence. The structure includes two participial phrases describing the actions of the subjects: עַל־ הַיָּ֑יִן (over the wine) and לַחְקֹ֥ר מִמְסָֽךְ (to examine mixed drinks).
This arrangement emphasizes the actions of lingering and seeking, showing a clear relationship between the subjects and their behaviors. The Hebrew word order places the focus on the delay before wine, leading into the subsequent actions.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates the Hebrew phrase for 'those who linger' as ἐγξρονιζόντων, which suggests a more active sense of engaging with wine. This choice may imply a deeper involvement with the drink rather than merely delaying.
The translation of 'mixed drinks' as πότοι indicates a broader understanding of the types of drinks being referred to, suggesting a variety of mixtures beyond just wine.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Proverbs 23:30 warns about the dangers of lingering over wine and seeking mixed drinks. It suggests that spending too much time drinking can lead to negative consequences, as seen in the surrounding verses that discuss the woes associated with excessive drinking.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
To linger over wine means to spend excessive time drinking, which can lead to negative consequences.
Mixed wine refers to drinks that are diluted or combined with other substances, which can also lead to intoxication.
Excessive drinking can lead to sorrow, disputes, and other negative outcomes, as highlighted in the surrounding verses.
This verse fits into a broader theme in Proverbs that cautions against the dangers of alcohol and encourages moderation.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What are some ways I can practice moderation in my own life?
- How can I support friends or family who may struggle with excessive drinking?
- What lessons can I learn from the warnings in Proverbs about the effects of alcohol?
- In what situations do I find myself lingering over things that may not be beneficial?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentary on this verse provides insight into the dangers of excessive drinking, highlighting the importance of moderation and the consequences of indulgence.
For those who tarry long over wine and go to seek mixed wine, etc. Symbol is a Greek name, and it means conference. There is a conference of words, as is usual in councils;Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 23 →
Is it not to those who linger over wine? etc. He does not forbid drinking wine for need, but lingering in wine beyond time and usefulness, and competing to empty each other's chalices;Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 23 →
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Proverbs 23:30 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThey that tarry long at the wine,.... At drinking it. Do not care to stir from it when at it; spend whole days and nights in it, and are overcome by it, and so bring upon them all the above evils;
Read John Gill on Proverbs 23 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThey that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine.
Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 23 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleEither mixed with water, or with other ingredients, to make it strong and delicious. Heb. mixture; mixed drinks of several sorts suited to their palates.
Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 23 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsProverbs 23:30 They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine.Ver. 30. They that tarry long at the wine.] These men do not want time, but waste it. Pliny, if he were alive, would surely say to such, as once he did to his nephew, Poteras has horas non perdidisse, Thou mightest have spent thy time much better. How may those winebibbers more justly lament their loss than good Bernard did, and say each man for himself, Totum vitae meae tempus perdidi, quia perdite vixi!
Read John Trapp on Proverbs 23 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(30) They that go to seek mixed wine.—Or, To test; to see whether it is to their taste. The wines of the ancients were not generally drunk pure, but diluted with water or flavoured with spices. (See above on Proverbs 9:2.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 23 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges30. seek] There is a touch of irony (non caret sale, Maur.) in the use of a word in such a connection, which is used elsewhere of the diligent search for wisdom (Job 28:27), or other noble objects (Psalms 139:1). mixt] i.e. with spices, Proverbs 9:2; Isaiah 5:22.
Read Cambridge on Proverbs 23 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible30. Tarry long at the wine — Compare Isaiah 3:11; Job 1:4; Job 28:9.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 23 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Those who linger over wine, who go to taste mixed drinks.
Those who stay long at the wine; those who go to seek out mixed wine.
Those who linger over wine, who go to taste mixed drinks.
Those who linger over wine, those who go looking for mixed wine.
Tyndale line
They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine.
They that tarry long at the wine; They that go to seek out mixed wine.
They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek out mixed wine.
They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine.
Euen to them that tarie long at the wine, to them that goe, and seeke mixt wine.
Strictly literal
— They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to try mixed wine.
Those tarrying by the wine, Those going in to search out mixed wine.
Those lingering by the wine, || Those going in to search out mixed wine.
They that tarry late over the wine: they that come to seek for mixed drink.
Those who linger over wine, those who try the mixed wine.
From the Latin
Surely they that pass their time in wine, and study to drink of their cups.
Simplified
—those who spend a long time drinking wine, those who are always trying some new cocktail.
Those who are seated late over the wine: those who go looking for mixed wine.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint share significant agreement, with four out of six words matched in the Septuagint translation. This alignment indicates a consistent understanding of the verse's meaning across these ancient texts.
לַֽמְאַחֲרִ֥ים עַל־ הַיָּ֑יִן לַ֝בָּאִ֗ים לַחְקֹ֥ר מִמְסָֽךְ׃
4 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 23:30
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word אָחַר (achar) is a primitive root meaning to delay, tarry, or remain behind. It covers actions like procrastination and hindering others. The entries indicate its use in both Qal and Piel forms, with the Piel form emphasizing causing delay. There is a mention of a verse where it is used, but no specific reference is provided.
אָחַר vb. to remain behind, delay, tarry
Qal and I have tarried until now
Pi.
intensive, delay, tarry
causat. of Qal, cause one to delay, hinder; keep back (= bring late)
base
H309 אָחַר to remain behind, delay, tarry .and I have tarried until now
. . intensive, delay, tarry
. causat. of Qal, cause one to delay, hinder; keep back (= bring late)
309 'achar aw-khar'
a primitive root; to loiter (i.e. be behind); by implication
to procrastinate:--continue, defer, delay, hinder, be late
(slack), stay (there), tarry (longer).
אָחַר (a.char) — to delay.
1) to delay, hesitate, tarry, defer, remain behind
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to delay, tarry (intensive)
1a2) to cause one to delay, hinder, keep back
1b) (Piel) to delay, wait, stay behind (but not in hope)
Also means: ya.char (יָחַר "to delay" H3186)
Prep | V-Piel — Preposition · verb piel participle (active) masculine pluralHRd/Vprmpa
de-la': The noun "delay" (Ac 25:17, "I made no delay"; the King James Version "without any delay") means "procrastination." The verb "to delay" (Ex 22:29; 'achar) involves the idea "to stop for a time," the people being admonished not to discontinue a custom. The Pil. perfect of bush (Ex 32:1), "Moses delayed to come," expresses not only the fact that he tarried, but also the disappointment on the part of the people, being under the impression that he possibly was put to shame and had failed in his mission, which also better explains the consequent action of the people. "To delay" (chronizo) is used transitively in Mt 24:48 (the Revised Version (British and American) "My…
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Prep — PrepositionHR
יַ֫יִן (yayin) means 'wine' and is associated with fermentation and intoxication. It appears in various contexts, including banqueting. The word is derived from an unused root that suggests the idea of effervescence.
יַ֫יִן 141 n.m. wine
base
H3196 יַ֫יִן wine
3196 yayin yah'-yin
from an unused root meaning to effervesce; wine (as
fermented); by implication, intoxication:--banqueting, wine,
wine(-bibber).
יַ֫יִן (ya.yin) — wine.
wine
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
Wine
The common Hebrew word for wine is yayin, from a root meaning “to boil up,” “to be in a ferment.” Others derive it from a root meaning “to tread out,” and hence the juice of the grape trodden out. The Greek word for wine is oinos_, and the Latin _vinun. But besides this common Hebrew word, there are several others which are thus rendered.
(1.) Ashishah (2 Sam. 6:19; 1 Chr. 16:3; Cant. 2:5; Hos. 3:1), which, however, rather denotes a solid cake of pressed grapes, or, as in the Revised Version, a cake of raisins.
(2.) ‘Asis, “sweet wine,” or “new wine,” the product of the same year (Cant. 8:2;
The manufacture of wine is carried back in the Bible to the age of Noah, (Genesis 9:20,21) to whom the discovery of the process is apparently, though not explicitly, attributed. The natural history and culture of the vine are described under a separate head. [VINE] The only other plant whose fruit is noticed as having been converted into wine was the pomegranate. (Solomon 8:2) In Palestine the vintage takes place in September, and is celebrated with great rejoicing. The ripe fruit was gathered in baskets, (Jeremiah 6:9) as represented in Egyptian paintings, and was carried to the wine-press. It was then placed in the upper one of the two vats or receptacles of which the winepress was formed, and was subjected to the process of "treading," which has prevailed in all ages in Oriental…
The vine being natural to the soil of Canaan and its vicinity, wine was much used as a beverage, especially at festivals, Es 1:7 5:6 Da 5:1-4 Joh 2:3. As one of the staple products of the Holy Land, it was employed for drink-offerings in the temple service, Ex 20:26 Nu 15:4-10; it was included among the "first-fruits," De 18:4, and was used in the celebration of the Passover, and subsequently of the Lord’s supper, Mt 26:27-29. Together with corn and oil it denoted all temporal supplies,
בּוֹא (bo) is a Hebrew verb meaning to come or go in, with a wide range of applications including entering, arriving, and bringing in. It can refer to both physical movement and abstract concepts like events coming to pass. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal (to come), Hiphil (to cause to come), and Hophal (to be brought). There is no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meanings.
בּוֹא 2569 vb. come in, come, go in, go
Qal
come in
come (approach, arrive)
go, i.e. walk, associate with
go from speaker, but with limit of motion given
Hiph.
cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)
cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)
Hoph.
be brought in (of pers. and things)
be brought
be introduced, put
base
H935 בּוֹא come in, come, go in, go .. come in
. come (approach, arrive)
. go, i.e. walk, associate with
. go from speaker, but with limit of motion given
. . cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)
. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)
. . be brought in (of pers. and things)
. be brought
. be introduced, put
935 bow' bo
a primitive root; to go or come (in a wide variety of
applications):--abide, apply, attain, X be, befall, +
besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, X
certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out,
upon, to pass), depart, X doubtless again, + eat, + employ,
(cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be
fallen, fetch, + follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war),
grant, + have, X indeed, (in-)vade, lead, lift (up), mention,
pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, X (well) stricken
(in age), X surely, take (in), way.
בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): come.
: come/go_in
1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to enter, come in
1a2) to come
1a2a) to come with
1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)
1a2c) to come to pass
1a3) to attain to
1a4) to be enumerated
1a5) to go
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to lead in
1b2) to carry in
1b3) to bring in, cause to come in, gather, cause to come, bring near, bring against, bring upon
1b4) to bring to pass
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be brought, brought in
1c2) to be introduced, be put
לְב֥וֹא (bo) — Lebo-(Hamath).
This name means to go in, enter
Combined with cha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574)
בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): towards.
: towards/entrance
1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to enter, come in
1a2) to come
1a2a) to come with
1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)
1a2c) to come to pass
1a3) to attain to
1a4) to be enumerated
Prep | V-Qal — Preposition · verb qal participle (active) masculine pluralHRd/Vqrmpa
(halakh, yalakh, bo', yatsa'; ago, hupago, anabaino, erchomi, aperchomai, poreuomai): "Go" ("went," etc.) occurs very frequently in the English Bible, and is the translation of a great many different Hebrew and Greek terms. As the word implies movement of all kinds, physical and mental, it has naturally many applications.
1. In the Old Testament:
In the Old Testament halakh and yalakh are among the commonest words, meaning "to go" in its original sense of "to walk," but also in the most varied senses, according to the verbal conjugations, etc., the preposition attached, and the words in connection with which the terms stand; halakh and yalakh are often used figuratively (translated "to walk," etc.) for to live, to pursue a way of life, e.g. "to walk ever in his ways" (De 19:9; compare
חָקַר (chaqar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to search or examine. It encompasses actions like searching for, exploring, and thoroughly investigating. The word can also imply being found out or ascertained. It appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Piel, indicating different nuances of searching and examination.
[חָקַר] vb. search
Qal
search (for)
search through, explore
search a man, find out his sentiments
of י׳ searching man
of examining thoroughly
Niph. be searched out, found out, ascertained
Pi. he sought out many proverbs
base
H2713 [חָקַר] search .. search (for)
. . search through, explore
. search a man, find out his sentiments
. of י׳ searching man
. of examining thoroughly
. be searched out, found out, ascertained
. he sought out many proverbs
2713 chaqar khaw-kar'
a primitive root; properly, to penetrate; hence, to examine
intimately:--find out, (make) search (out), seek (out), sound,
try.
חָקַר (cha.qar) — to search.
1) to search, search for, search out, examine, investigate
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to search (for)
1a2) to search through, explore
1a3) to examine thoroughly
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be searched out, be found out, be ascertained, be examined
1c) (Piel) to search out, seek out
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct commonHR/Vqcc
מַמְסָךְ (mamcak) refers to a mixed drink, specifically wine that is combined with water or spices. The term is associated with drink-offerings in the Old Testament, highlighting its use in ritual contexts. It is derived from a root meaning 'mixture'.
מִמְסָךְ n.m. mixed drink
base
H4469 מַמְסָךְ mixed drink
4469 mamcak mam-sawk'
from 4537; mixture, i.e. (specifically) wine mixed (with
water or spices):--drink-offering, mixed wine.
see HEBREW for 04537
מִמְסָךְ (mam.sakh) — mixed drink.
mixed drink, mixed wine, drink-offering
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
Wine
The common Hebrew word for wine is yayin, from a root meaning “to boil up,” “to be in a ferment.” Others derive it from a root meaning “to tread out,” and hence the juice of the grape trodden out. The Greek word for wine is oinos_, and the Latin _vinun. But besides this common Hebrew word, there are several others which are thus rendered.
(1.) Ashishah (2 Sam. 6:19; 1 Chr. 16:3; Cant. 2:5; Hos. 3:1), which, however, rather denotes a solid cake of pressed grapes, or, as in the Revised Version, a cake of raisins.
(2.) ‘Asis, “sweet wine,” or “new wine,” the product of the same year (Cant. 8:2;
The manufacture of wine is carried back in the Bible to the age of Noah, (Genesis 9:20,21) to whom the discovery of the process is apparently, though not explicitly, attributed. The natural history and culture of the vine are described under a separate head. [VINE] The only other plant whose fruit is noticed as having been converted into wine was the pomegranate. (Solomon 8:2) In Palestine the vintage takes place in September, and is celebrated with great rejoicing. The ripe fruit was gathered in baskets, (Jeremiah 6:9) as represented in Egyptian paintings, and was carried to the wine-press. It was then placed in the upper one of the two vats or receptacles of which the winepress was formed, and was subjected to the process of "treading," which has prevailed in all ages in Oriental…
The vine being natural to the soil of Canaan and its vicinity, wine was much used as a beverage, especially at festivals, Es 1:7 5:6 Da 5:1-4 Joh 2:3. As one of the staple products of the Holy Land, it was employed for drink-offerings in the temple service, Ex 20:26 Nu 15:4-10; it was included among the "first-fruits," De 18:4, and was used in the celebration of the Passover, and subsequently of the Lord’s supper, Mt 26:27-29. Together with corn and oil it denoted all temporal supplies,