Daniel 5:1 — Word Study
WLCבֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֗א עֲבַד֙ לְחֶ֣ם רַ֔ב לְרַבְרְבָנ֖וֹהִי אֲלַ֑ף וְלָקֳבֵ֥ל אַלְפָּ֖א חַמְרָ֥א שָׁתֵֽה׃
BSA[Later,]melek King BelshazzarBêlshaʼtstsar [ruler, monarch, son of Nebuchadnezzar] heldʻăbad a greatrab [abundant, lavish] feastlᵉchem△ [banquet, celebration] for a thousandʼălaph [a large group, multitude] of his noblesrabrᵉbân [lords, high-ranking officials] and he drankshᵉthâh [consumed, imbibed] winechămar [fermented drink] withqᵉbêl themʼălaph [in their presence, before the thousand]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֣ר | Belshazzar | Noun proper masculine |
| מַלְכָּ֗א | king the | Noun common both singular determined, particle |
| עֲבַד֙ | he made | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| לְחֶ֣ם | a feast | Noun common, both singular absolute |
| רַ֔ב | great | Adj |
| לְרַבְרְבָנ֖וֹהִי | for nobles his | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| אֲלַ֑ף | a thousand | Adj |
| וְלָקֳבֵ֥ל | and before | Conjunction, preposition, noun common both singular construct |
| אַלְפָּ֖א | thousand the | Particle |
| חַמְרָ֥א | wine | Noun common both singular determined, particle |
| שָׁתֵֽה׃ | [he was] drinking | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Later, King Belshazzar held a great feast for a thousand of his nobles, and he drank wine with them. |
| KJV | Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand. |
| ASV | Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand. |
| YLT | Belshazzar the king hath made a great feast to a thousand of his great men, and before the thousand he is drinking wine; |
| WEB | Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand. |
| BBE | Belshazzar the king made a great feast for a thousand of his lords, drinking wine before the thousand. |
The translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse, with no significant differences noted.
The sentence is structured around a main clause with supporting phrases that clarify the context and actions.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbעֲבַד
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 11 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 5:1
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Feast of Belshazzargenerated
Daniel 5:1 describes King Belshazzar holding a grand feast for a thousand nobles, which sets the stage for the events that follow, including the infamous writing on the wall. This moment illustrates the decadence of Babylonian leadership and foreshadows the kingdom's impending downfall, as detailed in the subsequent verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 40:20 | On the third day, which was Pharaoh’s birthday, he held a feast for all his officials, and in their presence he lifted up the heads of the chief cupbearer and the chief baker. |
| 2 | Esther 1:3 | In the third year of his reign, Xerxes held a feast for all his officials and servants. The military leaders of Persia and Media were there, along with the nobles and princes of the provinces. |
| 3 | Isaiah 21:4–5 | My heart falters; fear makes me tremble. The twilight of my desire has turned to horror. |
| 4 | Isaiah 22:12–14 | On that day the Lord GOD of Hosts called for weeping and wailing, for shaven heads and the wearing of sackcloth. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 51:39–57 | While they are flushed with heat, I will serve them a feast, and I will make them drunk so that they may revel; then they will fall asleep forever and never wake up, declares the LORD. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר, be.le.sha.Tzargenerated
The name בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר (Belsha'tstsar) means 'Bel protect the king.' It identifies Belshazzar as a significant figure in Babylon's history, specifically during its fall.
Belshazzar is noted as the son of Nebuchadnezzar, which adds to the historical context of the narrative. The name's Aramaic origin emphasizes the cultural and political significance of Babylon at the time.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the key elements of the verse, consistently rendering Belshazzar as the king who held a great feast.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb עֲבַד (he made) governs the main clause, with the subject 'King Belshazzar' and the object 'a great feast for a thousand nobles.' The structure highlights the action of hosting a feast as the central focus of the sentence.
The prepositional phrases provide additional context, specifying the nature of the feast and the company present, thereby enriching the narrative.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר as βαλτασαρ, maintaining the identity of the king while adapting the name into Greek phonetics. This reflects the cultural exchange between Hebrew and Greek-speaking audiences.
The choice of words in the Septuagint indicates a focus on the narrative's significance, aligning with the themes of power and downfall present in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 5:1 tells us that King Belshazzar hosted a large feast for a thousand nobles and drank wine with them. This event highlights the opulence of Babylonian royalty and sets the stage for the dramatic events that follow in the chapter.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Belshazzar was a king of Babylon, noted for holding a great feast during the kingdom's decline.
The feast represents the excess and moral decay of Babylonian leadership prior to its fall.
The feast leads to the famous incident of the writing on the wall, which foretells the kingdom's downfall.
Belshazzar is identified as the son of Nebuchadnezzar, linking him to the legacy of Babylon's former glory.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does Belshazzar's feast reveal about the state of Babylon at the time?
- How do the actions of Belshazzar foreshadow the events that follow in the chapter?
- In what ways can we see parallels between the decadence of Babylon and modern societies?
- What lessons can be drawn from the downfall of Belshazzar and the kingdom of Babylon?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentators, such as Jerome and Theodoret of Cyrus, provide insights on the identity of Belshazzar and the significance of his feast.
Verse 1. "Belshazzar the king made a great feast for his one thousand nobles; and each one drank in the order of his age." It should be known that this man was not the son of Nebuchadnezzar, as readers commonly imagine;Early Church Fathers on Daniel 5 →
This man was the son of Nebuchadnezzar but did not directly succeed him.… After Nebuchadnezzar, then, Evil-merodach ruled, and after him Belshazzar.Early Church Fathers on Daniel 5 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 5:1 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleBelshazzar the king made a great feast,.... This king was not the immediate successor of Nebuchadnezzar, but Evilmerodach, Jeremiah 52:31, who, according to Ptolemy's canon, reigned two years; then
Read John Gill on Daniel 5 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryBelshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand. Belshazzar.
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 5 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleDANIEL CHAPTER 5 Belshazzar’ s impious feast, . The hand-writing on the wall, which the magicians could not explain, troubleth him, . At the recommendation of the queen Daniel is brought in, . He reproveth the king of pride, profaneness, and idolatry, . He readeth and interpreteth the writing, . Belshazzar slain; the kingdom translated to the Medes, ,31. Belshazzar’ s name is from riches and power. They were wont, when they were promoted, to take new names, which also were significant, as this is, Belshazzar; Bel hath or gives power and riches; this they attributed to the honour of their idol, which belongs only to the God of heaven. There is much contest among the learned who this…
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 5 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 5:1 Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.Ver. 1. Belshazzar the king.] Son to Evilmerodach, grandson to Nebuchadnezzar, whose line failed in this king, according to Jeremiah 27:7. Of Evilmerodach, Daniel saith nothing, because nothing remarkable happen in his time but what was before related. Made a great feast.] Of this feast, see Jeremiah 25:26; Herodot., lib. i.; Xenoph., lib. vii. It was made, say some, upon occasion of a yearly solemnity, which continued five days together, wherein the servants bare sway in every family, having a master of misrule over them. Cyrus took this opportunity, saith Xenophon, and made…
Read John Trapp on Daniel 5 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English ReadersV. (1) Belshazzar.—On this king see Excursus C. As he was the son of Nabonidus, a space of about thirty years must have elapsed since the event recorded in the last chapter. The Babylonian empire survived the death of Nebuchadnezzar only twenty-five years. A thousand.—There is nothing unreasonable in the number of the guests; in fact, the LXX. have doubled the number. (See Esther 1:3-4.) Before the thousand.—The king appears to have had a special table reserved for himself apart from the guests. For this custom comp. Jeremiah 52:33.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 5 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleCHAPTER V In the commencement of this chapter we are informed how Belshazzar, the grandson of Nebuchadnezzar, when rioting in his palace, and profaning the severed vessels of the temple, 1-4, was suddenly terrified with the appearance of the fingers of a man's hand, which wrote a few words on the wall before him, 5, 6. The wise men and astrologers were immediately called in to show the king the interpretation; but they could not so much as read the writing, because (as Houbigant and others have conjectured) though the words are in the Chaldee tongue, yet they were written in the Samaritan or ancient Hebrew characters, with which the wise men of Babylon were very probably unacquainted, as…
Read AdamClarke on Daniel 5 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges1. Belshazzar] Babyl. Bκl-shar-uṣ ?ur, ‘Bel, protect the king!’ LXX. Theod. and Vulg. confuse this name with Belteshazzar (Daniel 1:7), representing both by Βαλτασαρ, ‘Baltassar.’ to a thousand of his lords] in accordance with the magnificence of Eastern monarchs. and drank, &c.] and before the thousand was drinking wine. By ‘before’ is no doubt meant, facing the guests, at a separate table, on a raised dais at the end of the banqueting-hall. We have little or no information respecting the custom of the king at state-banquets in Babylon: but something similar is reported, or may be inferred, of royal banquets among the Persians (Athen. iv. 26, p. 145 c, ll. 1–3; cf. Rawl. Anc. Mon.4 iii.…
Read Cambridge on Daniel 5 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleBelshazzar the king - See Introduction to the chapter, Section II.
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 5 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Later, King Belshazzar held a great feast for a thousand of his nobles, and he drank wine with them.
Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.
Later, King Belshazzar held a great feast for a thousand of his nobles, and he drank wine with them.
King Belshazzar prepared a great banquet for a thousand of his nobles, and he was drinking wine in front of them all.
Tyndale line
Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.
Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.
Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.
Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and drank wine before the thousand.
King Belshazzar made a great feast to a thousand of his princes, and dranke wine before the thousand.
Strictly literal
Belshazzar the king made a great feast to a thousand of his nobles, and drank wine before the thousand.
Belshazzar the king hath made a great feast to a thousand of his great men, and before the thousand he is drinking wine;
Belshazzar the king has made a great feast to one thousand of his great men, and before the one thousand he is drinking wine;
King Belshazzar prepared a great feast for a thousand of his lords, and before these thousand did he drink wine.
Belshazzar the king made a great feast for a thousand of his noblemen, and he drank wine in front of all one thousand of them.
From the Latin
Baltasar the king made a great feast for a thousand of his nobles: and every one drank according to his age.
Simplified
King Belshazzar held a great feast for one thousand of his nobles, and he was drinking wine with them.
Belshazzar the king made a great feast for a thousand of his lords, drinking wine before the thousand.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint exhibit substantial agreement, with seven out of eleven words matched between the two. This consistency reinforces the integrity of the narrative across different manuscript traditions.
בֵּלְשַׁאצַּ֣ר מַלְכָּ֗א עֲבַד֙ לְחֶ֣ם רַ֔ב לְרַבְרְבָנ֖וֹהִי אֲלַ֑ף וְלָקֳבֵ֥ל אַלְפָּ֖א חַמְרָ֥א שָׁתֵֽה׃
7 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 5:1
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר (Belsha'tstsar) refers to Belshazzar, the king of Babylon during its fall, as mentioned in Daniel 5:1. The name is derived from Aramaic, meaning 'Bel protect the king.' He is noted as the son of Nebuchadnezzar and is significant in the context of the Exile and Return.
בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר n.pr.m. king of Bab.
base
H1113 בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר
1113 Belsha'tstsar bale-shats-tsar'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 1112:--Belshazzar.
see HEBREW for 01112
בֵּֽלְאשַׁצַּר, בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר (be.le.shats.tsar) — Belshazzar.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Dan.5.1;
son of: Nebuchadnezzar (H5019)
Aramaic of be.le.shats.tsar (בֵּֽלְאשַׁצַּר, בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר "Belshazzar" H1112)
§ Belshazzar = "Bel protect the king"
king of Babylon at the time of its fall; he to whom Daniel interpreted the writing on the wall
Adj — Noun proper masculineANpm
bel-shaz'-ar (belsha'tstsar; Baltasar, Babylonian Bel-shar-usur): According to Da 5:30, he was the Chaldean king under whom Babylon was taken by Darius the Mede. The Babylonian monuments speak a number of times of a Bel-shar-usur who was the "firstborn son, the offspring of the heart of" Nabunaid, the last king of the Babylonian empire, that had been founded by Nabopolassar, the father of Nebuchadnezzar, at the time of the death of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, in 626 BC. There is no doubt that this Belshazzar is the same as the Belshazzar of Dnl. It is not necessary to suppose that Belshazzar was at any time king of the Babylonian empire in the sense that Nebuchadnezzar and Nabunaid were. It is probable, as M. Pognon argues, that a son of Nabunaid, called Nabunaid after his father, was king of Babylon, or Babylonian king, in Harran…
Belshazzar
Bel protect the king!, the last of the kings of Babylon (Dan. 5:1). He was the son of Nabonidus by Nitocris, who was the daughter of Nebuchadnezzar and the widow of Nergal-sharezer. When still young he made a great feast to a thousand of his lords, and when heated with wine sent for the sacred vessels his “father” (Dan. 5:2), or grandfather, Nebuchadnezzar had carried away from the temple in Jerusalem, and he and his princes drank out of them. In the midst of their mad revelry a hand was seen by the king tracing on the wall the announcement of God’s judgment, which that night fell upon him. At the instance of the queen (i.e., his mother) Daniel was brought in, and he interpreted the writing. That night the kingdom of the Chaldeans came to an end, and the king was slain (
(prince of Bel), the last king of Babylon. In (Daniel 5:2) Nebuchadnezzar is called the father of Belshazzar. This, of course, need only mean grandfather or ancestor. According to the well-known narrative Belshazzar gave a splendid feast in his palace during the siege of Babylon (B.C. 538), using the sacred vessels of the temple, which Nebuchadnezzer had brought from Jerusalem. The miraculous appearance of the handwriting on the wall, the calling in of Daniel to interpret its meaning the prophecy of the overthrow of the kingdom, and Belshazsar’s death, accorded in Dan. 5.
Prince of Bel, the Chaldean name given to Daniel at the court of Nebuchadnezzar, Da 1:7 4:8.
מֶ֫לֶךְ (melek) means 'king' in Hebrew and is also noted in Aramaic. The entries confirm its singular meaning related to royalty, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
מֶ֫לֶךְ 178 n.m. king
base
H4430 מֶ֫לֶךְ
4430 melek meh'-lek
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4428; a king:--king, royal.
see HEBREW for 04428
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — king.
king
Aramaic of me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "king" H4428)
§ 1) king
Adj | Art — Noun common both singular determined · particleANcbsd/Ta
King
Is in Scripture very generally used to denote one invested with authority, whether extensive or limited. There were thirty-one kings in Canaan (Josh. 12:9, 24), whom Joshua subdued. Adonibezek subdued seventy kings (Judg. 1:7). In the New Testament the Roman emperor is spoken of as a king (1 Pet. 2:13, 17); and Herod Antipas, who was only a tetrarch, is also called a king (Matt. 14:9; Mark 6:22).
This title is applied to God (1 Tim. 1:17), and to Christ, the Son of God (1 Tim. 6:15, 16;
"a chief ruler, one invested with supreme authority over a nation, tribe or country." --Webster. In the Bible the word does not necessarily imply great power or great extent of country. Many persons are called kings whom we should rather call chiefs or leaders. The word is applied in the Bible to God as the sovereign and ruler of the universe, and to Christ the Son of God as the head and governor of the Church. The Hebrews were ruled by a king during a period of about 500 years previous to the destruction of Jerusalem, B.C. 586. The immediate occasion of the substitution of a regal form of government for that of judges seems to have been the siege of Jabesh-gilead by Nahash king of the Ammonites. (1 Samuel 11:1; 12:12) The conviction seems to have forced itself on the Israelites that they could not resist their formidable neighbor…
עֲבַד (abad) primarily means to make or do. It encompasses actions such as creating, performing, or executing tasks. The word can also imply a state of being made or done, as noted in its various forms. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
עֲבַד vb. make, do
Pe.
make
do
Hithpe.
be made into
be done, wrought
base
H5648 עֲבַד
5648 `abad ab-bad'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5647; to do, make, prepare, keep,
etc.:--X cut, do, execute, go on, make, move, work.
see HEBREW for 05647
עֲבַד (a.vad) — to make.
1) to make, do
1a)(P'al)
1a1) to make, create
1a2) to do, perform
1b) (Ithp'al)
1b1) to be made into
1b2) to be done, be wrought, be performed, be executed, be carried out
Adj — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularAVqp3ms
לְחֵם (lechem) primarily means 'feast' or 'bread.' It is linked to the Aramaic word for food and is noted in Daniel 5:1. The entries suggest a connection to celebratory meals, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
לְחֵם n.m. feast;—abs. Dn 5:1
ref
H3900 לְחֵם, לְחֶם
3900 lchem lekh-em'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 3899:--feast.
see HEBREW for 03899
לְחֵם (le.chem) — feast.
feast, bread
Aramaic of le.chem (לֶ֫חֶם ": food" H3899)
Adj — Noun common · both singular absoluteANcbsa
Feast
As a mark of hospitality (Gen. 19:3; 2 Sam. 3:20; 2 Kings 6:23); on occasions of domestic joy (Luke 15:23; Gen. 21:8); on birthdays (Gen. 40:20; Job 1:4; Matt. 14:6); and on the occasion of a marriage (Judg. 14:10; Gen. 29:22).
רַב (rab) means 'great' and can refer to a person of authority, such as a captain or chief. It is used both as an adjective and a noun, indicating greatness in power or rank. The word is related to another Hebrew term, רַב (rab), which shares similar meanings.
H7229 רַב, רַבְרַב
7229 rab rab
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7227:--captain, chief, great,
lord, master, stout.
see HEBREW for 07227
רַב (rav) — great.
adj
1) great
1a) great
1b) great (fig of power)
n
2) captain, chief
Adj — AdjAAabsa
רַבְרְבָן (rabrban) is an Aramaic word meaning 'lord' or 'noble,' derived from the root for 'chief.' It is used to denote a magnate or prince. The entries consistently emphasize its noble connotation without significant disagreement.
[רַבְרְבָן] n.m. lord, noble
base
H7261 רַבְרְבָן
7261 rabrban rab-reb-awn'
(Aramaic) from 7260; a magnate:--lord, prince.
see HEBREW for 07260
רַבְרְבָן (rav.re.van) — noble.
lord, noble
Aramaic of rav (רַב "chief" H7227B)
Adj | N-mp | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixAR/Ncmpc/Sp3ms
אֲלַ֑ף (alaph) means 'thousand' and is used in both Hebrew and Aramaic contexts. It corresponds to the number 1,000 and is related to the Aramaic word for the same value. The entries consistently define it as a numeral without any significant disagreement among the lexicons.
אֲלַ֑ף n.m. 1,000
base
H506 אֲלַ֑ף
506 'alaph al-af'
(Aramaic) or meleph (Aramaic) {eh'-lef}; corresponding to
505:--thousand.
see HEBREW for 0505
אֲלַ֑ף (a.laph) — thousand.
a thousand, 1000
Aramaic of e.leph (אֶ֫לֶף ": thousand" H0505)
Adj — AdjAAcbsa
thou'-zand ('eleph; chilioi).
See NUMBER.
קֳבֵל, transliterated as qbel, is an Aramaic word meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' It functions as a noun, preposition, conjunction, and adverb, conveying ideas of location and causation, such as 'because of' or 'therefore.' The entries indicate that it is derived from a related term, קָבַל (H6905), and cover a range of uses in context.
קֳבֵל 29 subst. front, as prep. in front of, before, because of; as conj. because that
base
H6903 קֳבֵל, קְבֵל
6903 qbel keb-ale'
(Aramaic) or qobel (Aramaic) {kob-ale'}; (corresponding to
6905; (adverbially) in front of; usually (with other
particles) on account of, so as, since, hence:--+ according
to, + as, + because, before, + for this cause, + forasmuch as,
+ by this means, over against, by reason of, + that, +
therefore, + though, + wherefore.
see HEBREW for 06905
קֳבֵל (qe.vel) — before.
subst
1) front
prep
2) in front of, before, because of, in view of, by reason of, because of this, therefore
conj
3) because that, inasmuch as, although, according as, before
adv
4) accordingly, then
קֳבֵל (qe.vel) — before: because.
subst
1) front
prep
2) in front of, before, because of, in view of, by reason of, because of this, therefore
conj
3) because that, inasmuch as, although, according as, before
adv
4) accordingly, then
Adj | Prep | Prep — Conjunction · preposition · noun common both singular constructAC/R/Ncbsc
be-for': The translation of a great variety of Hebrew and Greek words. "Haran died before (the English Revised Version "in the presence of," literally "before the face of") his father Terah" (Ge 11:28). To be "before" God is to enjoy His favor (Ps 31:22). "The Syrians before" (Isa 9:12 the Revised Version, margin "on the east," as "behind," owing to the position of Canaan, relative to Syria, implies the west).
אֲלַ֑ף (alaph) means 'thousand' and is used in both Hebrew and Aramaic contexts. It corresponds to the number 1,000 and is related to the Aramaic word for the same value. The entries consistently define it as a numeral without any significant disagreement among the lexicons.
אֲלַ֑ף n.m. 1,000
base
H506 אֲלַ֑ף
506 'alaph al-af'
(Aramaic) or meleph (Aramaic) {eh'-lef}; corresponding to
505:--thousand.
see HEBREW for 0505
אֲלַ֑ף (a.laph) — thousand.
a thousand, 1000
Aramaic of e.leph (אֶ֫לֶף ": thousand" H0505)
Adj | Art — ParticleAAcbsd/Ta
thou'-zand ('eleph; chilioi).
See NUMBER.
חֲמַר (chamar) means 'wine' and is noted in both Hebrew and Aramaic contexts. It is linked to the word חֶ֫מֶר (chemer), also meaning 'wine'. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.
H2562 חֲמַר
2562 chamar kham-ar'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 2561; wine:--wine.
see HEBREW for 02561
חֲמַר (cha.mar) — wine.
wine
Aramaic of che.mer (חֶ֫מֶר "wine" H2561)
Adj | Art — Noun common both singular determined · particleANcbsd/Ta
Wine
The common Hebrew word for wine is yayin, from a root meaning “to boil up,” “to be in a ferment.” Others derive it from a root meaning “to tread out,” and hence the juice of the grape trodden out. The Greek word for wine is oinos_, and the Latin _vinun. But besides this common Hebrew word, there are several others which are thus rendered.
(1.) Ashishah (2 Sam. 6:19; 1 Chr. 16:3; Cant. 2:5; Hos. 3:1), which, however, rather denotes a solid cake of pressed grapes, or, as in the Revised Version, a cake of raisins.
(2.) ‘Asis, “sweet wine,” or “new wine,” the product of the same year (Cant. 8:2;
The manufacture of wine is carried back in the Bible to the age of Noah, (Genesis 9:20,21) to whom the discovery of the process is apparently, though not explicitly, attributed. The natural history and culture of the vine are described under a separate head. [VINE] The only other plant whose fruit is noticed as having been converted into wine was the pomegranate. (Solomon 8:2) In Palestine the vintage takes place in September, and is celebrated with great rejoicing. The ripe fruit was gathered in baskets, (Jeremiah 6:9) as represented in Egyptian paintings, and was carried to the wine-press. It was then placed in the upper one of the two vats or receptacles of which the winepress was formed, and was subjected to the process of "treading," which has prevailed in all ages in Oriental…
The vine being natural to the soil of Canaan and its vicinity, wine was much used as a beverage, especially at festivals, Es 1:7 5:6 Da 5:1-4 Joh 2:3. As one of the staple products of the Holy Land, it was employed for drink-offerings in the temple service, Ex 20:26 Nu 15:4-10; it was included among the "first-fruits," De 18:4, and was used in the celebration of the Passover, and subsequently of the Lord’s supper, Mt 26:27-29. Together with corn and oil it denoted all temporal supplies,
The Hebrew word שְׁתָה (*shthah*) means 'to drink' and is derived from the Aramaic form of the verb. It corresponds to the Hebrew word שָׁתָה (*sha.tah*), which also means 'to drink.' The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to drinking.
[שְׁתָה] vb. drink
base
H8355 שְׁתָה
8355 shthah sheth-aw'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 8354:--drink.
see HEBREW for 08354
שְׁתָה (she.tah) — to drink.
(P'al) to drink
Aramaic of sha.tah (שָׁתָה "to drink" H8354)
Adj — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularAVqrmsa