Proverbs 23:22 — Word Study
WLCשְׁמַ֣ע לְ֭אָבִיךָ זֶ֣ה יְלָדֶ֑ךָ וְאַל־ תָּ֝ב֗וּז כִּֽי־ זָקְנָ֥ה אִמֶּֽךָ׃
BSAListenshâmaʻ [hear and obey, pay attention] to your fatherʼâb [the one who begat you, gave you life] ◂whozeh gave you lifeyâlad■ and do notʼal [refuse, neglect] despisebûwz▸ [hold in contempt, show disrespect] your motherʼêm [the one who nurtured you] whenkîy she is oldzâqên■ [becomes, grows, aged, advanced in years]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| שְׁמַ֣ע | listen | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine singular |
| לְ֭אָבִיךָ | to father your | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| זֶ֣ה | who | Particle |
| יְלָדֶ֑ךָ | he begot you | Verb qal perfect third person masculine singular, suffix |
| וְאַל־ | and may not | Conjunction, particle |
| תָּ֝ב֗וּז | you despise | Verb, Qal, jussive second person masculine singular |
| כִּֽי־ | if | Particle |
| זָקְנָ֥ה | she is old | Verb, Qal, perfect third person feminine singular |
| אִמֶּֽךָ׃ | mother your | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Listen to your father who gave you life, and do not despise your mother when she is old. |
| KJV | Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old. |
| ASV | Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, And despise not thy mother when she is old. |
| YLT | Hearken to thy father, who begat thee, And despise not thy mother when she hath become old. |
| WEB | Listen to your father who gave you life, and don’t despise your mother when she is old. |
| BBE | Give ear to your father whose child you are, and do not keep honour from your mother when she is old. |
Where they part company is in the nuances of the commands regarding parental respect — see How Translations Differ.
The structure features a main command followed by a relative clause and a second main command with a temporal clause, emphasizing the actions to be taken regarding both parents.
6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectזֶה
verbשָׁמַע
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Proverbs 23:22
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Wisdom and Parental Respectgenerated
Proverbs 23:22 emphasizes the importance of listening to one's father and respecting one's mother, particularly as she ages. This teaching aligns with the broader themes found throughout Proverbs, where wisdom is often associated with honoring parental figures. The surrounding verses also highlight the consequences of neglecting such wisdom, urging the reader to invest in truth and understanding.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 1:8 | Listen, my son, to your father’s instruction, and do not forsake the teaching of your mother. |
| 2 | Proverbs 6:20 | My son, keep your father’s commandment, and do not forsake your mother’s teaching. |
| 3 | Deuteronomy 21:18–21 | If a man has a stubborn and rebellious son who does not obey his father and mother and does not listen to them when disciplined, |
| 4 | Deuteronomy 27:16 | ‘Cursed is he who dishonors his father or mother.’ And let all the people say, ‘Amen!’ |
| 5 | Mark 7:10 | For Moses said, ‘Honor your father and your mother’ and ‘Anyone who curses his father or mother must be put to death.’ |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 10 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שְׁמַ֣ע, she.Ma'generated
The Hebrew word שָׁמַע (sheMa') means 'to hear' and carries the connotation of listening attentively and obeying. It is a verb in the imperative form, commanding the listener to pay attention to the father, who is identified as the one who gave life.
This word is foundational in biblical texts, often used when God calls His people to listen and respond. The emphasis here is not just on hearing but on the action that follows — obedience to parental guidance.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
All translations agree on the core message of the verse, focusing on the importance of listening to one's father and not despising one's mother.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb שְׁמַ֣ע governs the main clause, directing the action of listening. The sentence structure includes a prepositional phrase identifying the father, a noun phrase that describes the mother, and two clauses that articulate the actions to be taken regarding both parents.
The word order places the emphasis on the command to listen, followed by the reasons and actions concerning the parents, creating a clear directive for the reader.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates שְׁמַע as ἄκουε (akoue), which also means 'listen' but carries a slightly different nuance in Greek, focusing on the act of hearing. This choice reflects the translators' intention to convey the same imperative nature of the command.
The translation choice indicates a continuity of thought regarding the importance of listening to authority figures, whether in a familial or broader societal context.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Proverbs 23:22 tells us to listen to our father and not to despise our mother as she grows old. This verse reminds us of the importance of respecting our parents throughout their lives, especially as they age.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Listening to your father means paying attention to his guidance and wisdom, recognizing his role in your life.
It is important to respect your mother, especially as she ages, because she has nurtured you and deserves honor and care.
You can show respect by listening to their advice, spending time with them, and caring for their needs.
Not listening to parents can lead to a lack of wisdom and understanding, as well as strained family relationships.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I actively listen to my parents and demonstrate respect for their wisdom?
- How can I support my parents as they age and ensure they feel valued?
- What lessons have I learned from my parents that I can apply in my own life?
- How does honoring my parents influence my relationships with others?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The earliest commentary on this verse comes from Evagrius Ponticus, who reflects on the relationship between the soul and the mind, drawing from the wisdom of Proverbs.
As the ancient saying goes, soul is the mother of the mind, because it is the soul which leads the mind to enlightenment by means of practical virtues.Early Church Fathers on Proverbs 23 →
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Proverbs 23:22 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHearken unto thy father that begat thee,.... And who has a true and hearty affection for thee, and whatever he says is for thy good and welfare, which he studies and has at heart; and who therefore
Read John Gill on Proverbs 23 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old.
Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 23 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThat begat thee; and therefore desires and seeks thy good in all his counsels. When she is old; when the infirmity of age is added to that of her sex, which is apt to breed contempt.
Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 23 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsProverbs 23:22 Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old.Ver. 22. Hearken to thy father, &c.] And despise not thy mother when she is old,] Dr Taylor, martyr, said to his son, among other things, when he was to suffer: When thy mother is waxed old, forsake her not, but provide for her to thy power, and see that she lack nothing; for so will God bless thee, and give thee long life upon earth, and prosperity. Acts and Mon.
Read John Trapp on Proverbs 23 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 22. Despise not thy mother when she is old.] A very necessary caution, as very old women are generally helpless, useless, and burdensome: yet these circumstances do not at all lessen the child's duty. And this duty is strengthened by the Divine command here given.
Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 23 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible22. Despise not thy mother — A negative for a positive precept — pay to thine aged mother all due deference and respect. When… old — Some read, because she is old. Let not the infirmities of age lessen thy esteem for her.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Proverbs 23 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Listen to your father who gave you life, and do not despise your mother when she is old.
Listen to your father who gave you life, and don’t despise your mother when she is old.
Listen to your father who gave you life, and do not despise your mother when she is old.
Listen to your father who begot you, and do not despise your mother when she is old.
Tyndale line
Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old.
Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, And despise not thy mother when she is old.
Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old.
Hearken to thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old.
Obey thy father that hath begotten thee, and despise not thy mother when she is olde.
Strictly literal
Hearken unto thy father that begat thee, and despise not thy mother when she is old.
Hearken to thy father, who begat thee, And despise not thy mother when she hath become old.
Listen to your father, who begot you, || And do not despise your mother when she has become old.
Hearken unto thy father that hath begotten thee, and despise not thy mother although she be old.
Listen to your father who begot you and do not despise your mother when she is old.
From the Latin
Hearken to thy father, that beget thee: and despise not thy mother when she is old.
Simplified
Pay attention to your father, and don't disregard your mother when she's old.
Give ear to your father whose child you are, and do not keep honour from your mother when she is old.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in their wording, with 9 of the 9 words matched. This consistency reinforces the reliability of the text across different traditions.
שְׁמַ֣ע לְ֭אָבִיךָ זֶ֣ה יְלָדֶ֑ךָ וְאַל־ תָּ֝ב֗וּז כִּֽי־ זָקְנָ֥ה אִמֶּֽךָ׃
9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 23:22
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שָׁמַע (shama`) means 'to hear' and encompasses a range of meanings including listening, obeying, and proclaiming. It is built from a primitive root and can imply attention and understanding. The entries highlight various grammatical forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of hearing and obeying. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
שָׁמַע 1152 vb. hear
Qal 1052
subj. pers. hum.
י׳ (God) subj.
Niph. 42 be heard, of voice, sound
be heard of
be regarded, obeyed
= (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice.
Pi. he caused the people to hear
Hiph. 63
of man
י׳ subj.
base
H8085 שָׁמַע hear
8085 shama` shaw-mah'
a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with
implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to
tell, etc.):--X attentively, call (gather) together, X
carefully, X certainly, consent, consider, be content,
declare, X diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make
to) hear(-ken, tell), X indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be)
obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish,
regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, X surely, tell,
understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.
שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: hear.
: hear
v
1) to hear, listen to, obey
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)
1a2) to hear of or concerning
1a3) to hear (have power to hear)
1a4) to hear with attention or interest, listen to
1a5) to understand (language)
1a6) to hear (of judicial cases)
1a7) to listen, give heed
1a7a) to consent, agree
1a7b) to grant request
1a8) to listen to, yield to
1a9) to obey, be obedient
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be heard (of voice or sound)
1b2) to be heard of
1b3) to be regarded, be obeyed
1c) (Piel) to cause to hear, call to hear, summon
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to hear, tell, proclaim, utter a sound
1d2) to sound aloud (musical term)
1d3) to make proclamation, summon
1d4) to cause to be heard
n m
2) sound
שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: obey.
: obey
v
1) to hear, listen to, obey
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)
1a2) to hear of or concerning
1a3) to hear (have power to hear)
V-Qal-Impv-2ms — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singularHVqv2ms
אָב (av) means 'father' and encompasses various roles such as the literal father of an individual, God as the father of His people, and the head of a household or clan. It can also refer to an ancestor, originator of a profession, or a figure of respect and protection. Notably, it can imply a ruler or chief in later contexts.
אָב 1101 n.m. father
father of individual
of God as father of his people
head of household, family or clan
ancestor
originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
fig. of producer, generator
fig. of benevolence & protection
term of respect & honor
specif., ruler, chief (late)
base
H1 אָב father . father of individual
. of God as father of his people
. head of household, family or clan
. ancestor
. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
. fig. of producer, generator
. fig. of benevolence & protection
. term of respect & honor
. specif., ruler, chief (late)
1 'ab awb
a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or
figurative and remote application):--chief,
(fore-)father(-less), X patrimony, principal. Compare names
in "Abi-".
אָב (av) — father.
1) father of an individual
2) of God as father of his people
3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan
4) ancestor
4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person
4b) of people
5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art
6) of producer, generator (fig.)
7) of benevolence and protection (fig.)
8) term of respect and honour
9) ruler or chief (spec.)
Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)
אָב (av) — (Huram)-abi.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.7.13; also called Huram-abi (KJV: "Huram my father's") at 2Ch.2.13; 4.16;
Combined with chi.ram (חִירָם "Hiram" H2438H)
אָב (av) — father of.
The father of Gibeon, also known as Abiel - a man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.9.1;
son of: Zeror (H6872C); married to Maacah (H4601N);
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncmsc/Sp2ms
זֶה (zeh) is a demonstrative pronoun meaning 'this' or 'here.' It can stand alone, be used appositively, or function as a predicate. The word can also attach enclitically to interrogative pronouns, adding emphasis and directness. In poetry, it may serve as a relative pronoun, though this usage is rare.
זֶה demonstr.pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here
standing alone
In appos. to subst.
More oft. as pred.
It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.
In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)
With prefixes (in special senses)
base
H2088 זֶה demonstr. pron. and adv.; fem. זֹאת, once זֹאתָה; this, here . standing alone
. In appos. to subst.
. More oft. as pred.
. It is attached enclitically, almost as an adv., to certain words, esp. interrog. pronouns, to impart, in a manner often not reproducible in Engl. idiom, directness and force, bringing the question or statement made into close relation with the speaker.
. In poetry, as a relative pron. (rare)
. With prefixes (in special senses)
2088 zeh zeh
a primitive word; the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this
or that:--he, X hence, X here, it(-self), X now, X of him, the
one...the other, X than the other, (X out of) the (self) same,
such (a one) that, these, this (hath, man), on this side...on
that side, X thus, very, which. Compare 2063, 2090, 2097,
2098.
see HEBREW for 02063
see HEBREW for 02090
see HEBREW for 02097
see HEBREW for 02098
זֶה (zeh) — this.
1) this, this one, here, which, this...that, the one...the other, another, such
1a) (alone)
1a1) this one
1a2) this...that, the one...the other, another
1b) (appos to subst)
1b1) this
1c) (as predicate)
1c1) this, such
1d) (enclitically)
1d1) then
1d2) who, whom
1d3) how now, what now
1d4) what now
1d5) wherefore now
1d6) behold here
1d7) just now
1d8) now, now already
1e) (poetry)
1e1) wherein, which, those who
1f) (with prefixes)
1f1) in this (place) here, then
1f2) on these conditions, herewith, thus provided, by, through this, for this cause, in this matter
1f3) thus and thus
1f4) as follows, things such as these, accordingly, to that effect, in like manner, thus and thus
1f5) from here, hence, on one side...on the other side
1f6) on this account
1f7) in spite of this, which, whence, how
Pron — ParticleHTm
The Hebrew word יָלַד (*yalad*) means to bear, bring forth, or beget, and it encompasses various forms of childbirth and lineage declaration. It can refer to both the act of giving birth and the role of a midwife. The entries also note its use in contexts of distress and wicked behavior, as well as in reference to birthdays.
יָלַד 497 vb. bear, bring forth, beget
Qal
bear, bring forth
less often beget
of both parents
Niph. be born
Pi. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife
Pu. be born
Hiph.
beget (a father a child)
bear
Hoph. day of one's being born = birthday
Hithp. declared their pedigree
base
H3205 יָלַד bear, bring forth, beget .. bear, bring forth
. less often beget
. of both parents
. be born
. cause (or help) to bring forth, viz., assist or tend as midwife
. be born
. . beget (a father a child)
. bear
. day of one's being born = birthday
. declared their pedigree
3205 yalad yaw-lad'
a primitive root; to bear young; causatively, to beget;
medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show
lineage:--bear, beget, birth((-day)), born, (make to) bring
forth (children, young), bring up, calve, child, come, be
delivered (of a child), time of delivery, gender, hatch,
labour, (do the office of a) midwife, declare pedigrees, be
the son of, (woman in, woman that) travail(-eth, -ing woman).
יָלַד (ya.lad) — to beget.
1) to bear, bringforth, beget, gender, travail
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to bear, bring forth
1a1a) of child birth
1a1b) of distress (simile)
1a1c) of wicked (behaviour)
1a2) to beget
1b) (Niphal) to be born
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to cause or help to bring forth
1c2) to assist or tend as a midwife
1c3) midwife (participle)
1d) (Pual) to be born
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to beget (a child)
1e2) to bear (fig. -of wicked bringing forth iniquity)
1f) (Hophal) day of birth, birthday (infinitive)
1g) (Hithpael) to declare one's birth (pedigree)
V-Qal-Perf-3ms | Suff — Verb qal perfect third person masculine singular · suffixHVqp3ms/Sp2ms
אַל (al) is a negative particle meaning 'not' or 'no,' often used to express a wish or prohibition rather than an objective fact. It can also function as a noun meaning 'nothing.' The lexicons highlight its use in various contexts, including deprecative forms, but do not show significant disagreement.
אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
base
H408 אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
408 'al al
a negative particle (akin to 3808); not (the qualified
negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun,
nothing:--nay, neither, + never, no ,nor, not, nothing
(worth), rather than.
see HEBREW for 03808
אַל (al) — not.
1) not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)
1a) do not, let not (with a verb)
1b) let there not be (with a verb understood)
1c) not, no (with substantive)
1d) nothing (as substantive)
Aramaic equivalent: al (אַל "not" H0409)
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particleHC/Tn
בּוּז (buwz) is a primitive root meaning to despise or hold in contempt. The entries consistently emphasize its connotation of disrespect and insignificance, particularly in the Qal form, which denotes a straightforward act of disdain. There are no noted disagreements among the lexicons.
[בּוּז] vb. despise
base
H936 בּוּז
936 buwz booz
a primitive root; to disrespect:--contemn, despise, X
utterly.
בּוּז (buz) — to despise.
1) to despise, hold in contempt, hold as insignificant
1a) (Qal) to despise, show despite toward
V-Qal-Juss-2ms — Verb · Qal · jussive second person masculine singularHVqj2ms
כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'
כִּי conj. that, for, when
that
Of time, when, of the past
elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
Because, since
base
כִּי אם־
each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
that if
for if
(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—
limiting the prec. clause, except
the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
after an oath, surely
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that
. . Of time, when, of the past
. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
. Because, since
H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if
. for if
. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except
. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
. after an oath, surely
H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
3588 kiy kee
a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional
prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent
or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative
conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by
other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,
where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,
even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +
nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,
therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,
whether, while, whom, yea, yet.
כִּי (ki) — for.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if
1f) but rather, but
1g) except that
1h) only, nevertheless
1i) surely
1j) that is
1k) but if
1l) for though
1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.
1) except if
1a) but if
1b) even though
כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
Conj — ParticleHTc
זָקֵן (zaqen) is a Hebrew verb meaning to be or become old. It has a basic meaning of aging, with forms indicating both the process of growing old and the state of being old. The entries highlight its use in different grammatical aspects, such as Qal and Hiphil, but do not provide specific verse references.
זָקֵן vb. be or become old
Qal be (or become) old
Hiph. shew age, grow old
base
H2204 זָקֵן be or become old
2204 zaqen zaw-kane'
a primitive root; to be old:--aged man, be (wax) old (man).
זָקֵן (za.qen) — be old.
1) to be old, become old
1a) (Qal) to be old, become old
1b) (Hiphil) to grow old, show age
V-Qal-Perf-3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singularHVqp3fs
old.
See AGE, OLD.
The Hebrew word אֵם (em) means 'mother' and can refer to a human mother, an animal's dam, or even a figurative sense, such as Deborah's nurturing role for her people. It also conveys the idea of a point of departure or division. This word is built from a primitive root and encompasses both literal and figurative meanings.
אֵם 221 n.f. mother
lit. (human) mother
fig. of Deborah as caring for her people
of animals, dam
= point of departure or division
base
H517 אֵם mother . lit. (human) mother
. fig. of Deborah as caring for her people
. of animals, dam
. = point of departure or division
517 'em ame
a primitive word; a mother (as the bond of the family); in a
wide sense (both literally and figuratively (like 1):--dam,
mother, X parting.
see HEBREW for 01
אֵם (em) — mother.
1) mother
1a) of humans
1b) of Deborah's relationship to the people (fig.)
1c) of animals
2) point of departure or division
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp2ms