Proverbs 11:18 — Word Study
WLCרָשָׁ֗ע עֹשֶׂ֥ה פְעֻלַּת־ שָׁ֑קֶר וְזֹרֵ֥עַ צְ֝דָקָ֗ה שֶׂ֣כֶר אֱמֶֽת׃
BSA◂The wicked manrâshâʻ [morally wrong, guilty of sin] earnsʻâsâh an emptysheqer [deceitful] wagepᵉʻullâh but he who sowszâraʻ [plants, spreads] righteousnesstsᵉdâqâh [justice, virtue, morality] [reaps] a trueʼemeth [faithful, sure] rewardseker
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| רָשָׁ֗ע | a wicked [person] | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| עֹשֶׂ֥ה | [is] making | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine singular |
| פְעֻלַּת־ | wage[s] of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| שָׁ֑קֶר | falsehood | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְזֹרֵ֥עַ | and [one who] sows | Conjunction, verb qal participle (active) masculine singular |
| צְ֝דָקָ֗ה | righteousness | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| שֶׂ֣כֶר | wage[s] of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| אֱמֶֽת׃ | truth | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The wicked man earns an empty wage, but he who sows righteousness reaps a true reward. |
| KJV | The wicked worketh a deceitful work: but to him that soweth righteousness shall be a sure reward. |
| ASV | The wicked earneth deceitful wages; But he that soweth righteousness hath a sure reward. |
| YLT | The wicked is getting a lying wage, And whoso is sowing righteousness — a true reward. |
| WEB | Wicked people earn deceitful wages, but one who sows righteousness reaps a sure reward. |
| BBE | The sinner gets the payment of deceit; but his reward is certain who puts in the seed of righteousness. |
Where they part company is שָׁקֶר — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has a main clause followed by a contrasting clause, highlighting the difference between the wicked and the righteous.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectרָשָׁע
verbעָשָׂה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Proverbs 11:18
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Wisdom on Righteousness and Wickednessgenerated
Proverbs 11:18 presents a clear distinction between the outcomes for the wicked and the righteous. The wicked earn what is ultimately empty, while those who act justly will receive a genuine reward. This teaching aligns with the broader themes in Proverbs, emphasizing the importance of moral integrity and the consequences of one's actions, as seen in the surrounding verses.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 1:18 | But they lie in wait for their own blood; they ambush their own lives. |
| 2 | Proverbs 5:22 | The iniquities of a wicked man entrap him; the cords of his sin entangle him. |
| 3 | Job 27:13–23 | This is the wicked man’s portion from God— the heritage the ruthless receive from the Almighty. |
| 4 | Ecclesiastes 10:8 | He who digs a pit may fall into it, and he who breaches a wall may be bitten by a snake. |
| 5 | Isaiah 59:5–8 | They hatch the eggs of vipers and weave a spider’s web. Whoever eats their eggs will die; crack one open, and a viper is hatched. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — רָשָׁע, ra.Sha'generated
The word רָשָׁע (ra.Sha') refers to a wicked person, one who is morally wrong and guilty of sin. It is derived from a root that implies moral wrongdoing, indicating a person who acts in opposition to God's standards. This term is used throughout the Hebrew Bible to describe individuals who are hostile to God or engage in sinful behavior.
In this verse, the wicked man is contrasted with the one who sows righteousness. The use of רָשָׁע emphasizes the moral state of the individual and serves as a warning about the futility of their actions.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse is structured around two main clauses, contrasting the actions and outcomes of the wicked and the righteous. The finite verbs are עֹשֶׂ֥ה (is making) and זֹרֵ֥עַ ([one who] sows), which govern the respective subjects.
The first clause focuses on the wicked man earning a wage, while the second emphasizes the one who sows righteousness reaping a true reward. This parallel structure highlights the contrasting fates based on moral choices.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates רָשָׁע as ἀσεβὴς (asebēs), which also means ungodly or wicked. This choice maintains the moral implications of the original Hebrew.
For שָׁקֶר, the LXX uses ἄδικα (adika), indicating injustice or wrongdoing, which aligns closely with the concept of falsehood present in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Proverbs 11:18 tells us that the wicked man earns a wage that is empty and deceitful, while the one who sows righteousness will reap a true and faithful reward. This verse contrasts the outcomes of wickedness and righteousness, emphasizing the futility of immoral actions.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means that despite any gains the wicked may appear to achieve, their rewards are ultimately worthless and without lasting value.
Sowing righteousness refers to living a just and moral life, which leads to genuine and lasting rewards, both in this life and the next.
Wickedness can include actions like deceit, injustice, and any behavior that goes against God's commandments, as seen in various biblical narratives.
Righteousness is emphasized because it represents the ideal moral standard that leads to true fulfillment and reward, contrasting sharply with the emptiness of wickedness.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I seen the consequences of wickedness in my own life or in the lives of others?
- How can I actively sow righteousness in my daily actions?
- What does a true reward look like in the context of my faith and moral choices?
- How can I encourage others to pursue righteousness instead of falling into wickedness?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Proverbs 11:18 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe wicked worketh a deceitful work,.... Such a wicked man as before described; that neither enjoys the good things of life he has, nor suffers others to enjoy them; and all to accumulate riches,
Read John Gill on Proverbs 11 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe wicked worketh a deceitful work: but to him that soweth righteousness shall be a sure reward. The wicked worketh a deceitful work: but to him that soweth righteousness (shall be) a sure reward.
Read Robert Jamieson on Proverbs 11 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleA deceitful work; a work which will deceive his expectation of that good for which he worketh. That soweth; that worketh it with constancy, and diligence, and hope of recompence, as they do who sow in seed-time. Righteousness; good works, acts of piety towards God, and charity to men.
Read Matthew Poole on Proverbs 11 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsProverbs 11:18 The wicked worketh a deceitful work: but to him that soweth righteousness [shall be] a sure reward.Ver. 18. The wicked worketh a deceitful work.] By defrauding his genius, and afflicting his flesh, he thinks he doth a very good work. Some emperors have left their thrones, and thrust [themselves] into a monastery, there to macerate themselves with much fasting and coarse clothing, out of an opinion of promoting their soul’ s health thereby. But "bodily exercise profiteth little." And as the pride of virginity is as foul a sin as impurity, so is it in this case. The formal faster loseth his labour. In seventy years they kept seven score fasts in Babylon; yet among them all not…
Read John Trapp on Proverbs 11 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(18) Worketh a deceitful work—i.e., which ends in nothing, deceiving his hopes. (Comp. Proverbs 11:7.) But to him that soweth righteousness shall be a sure reward.—Rather, he that soweth righteousness (worketh) a sure reward for himself. (For “righteousness,” see above on Proverbs 10:2.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Proverbs 11 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 18. Worketh a deceitful work] An unstable work; nothing is durable that he does, except his crimes.
Read AdamClarke on Proverbs 11 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges18. deceitful wages] Lit. wages of falsehood, i.e. transitory and disappointing, in contrast to a sure reward of the second clause, lit. a reward of truth, i.e. real and lasting. shall be] he that soweth … hath R.V. But there is no need to supply anything. The word worketh [earneth R.V.), governs both clauses.
Read Cambridge on Proverbs 11 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleDeceitful work - Work which deceives and disappoints the worker; in contrast with the “sure reward” of the second clause.
Read Albert Barnes on Proverbs 11 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The wicked man earns an empty wage, but he who sows righteousness reaps a true reward.
Wicked people earn deceitful wages, but one who sows righteousness reaps a sure reward.
The wicked man earns an empty wage, but he who sows righteousness reaps a true reward.
The wicked person earns deceitful wages, but the one who sows righteousness reaps a genuine reward.
Tyndale line
The wicked worketh a deceitful work: but to him that soweth righteousness shall be a sure reward.
The wicked earneth deceitful wages; But he that soweth righteousness hath a sure reward.
The wicked earneth deceitful wages: but he that soweth righteousness hath a sure reward.
The wicked worketh a deceitful work: but to him that soweth righteousness shall be a sure reward.
The wicked worketh a deceitful worke: but hee that soweth righteousnes, shall receiue a sure rewarde.
Strictly literal
The wicked worketh a deceitful work; but he that soweth righteousness hath a sure reward.
The wicked is getting a lying wage, And whoso is sowing righteousness — a true reward.
The wicked is getting a lying wage, || And whoever is sowing righteousness—a true reward.
The wicked practiseth a work of falsehood; but he that soweth righteousness [obtaineth] the reward of truth.
The wicked person lies to get his wages, but one who sows what is right reaps the wages of truth.
From the Latin
The wicked maketh an unsteady work: but to him that soweth justice, there is a faithful reward.
Simplified
The wicked earn wages that cheat them, but those who sow goodness reap a genuine reward.
The sinner gets the payment of deceit; but his reward is certain who puts in the seed of righteousness.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text of Proverbs 11:18 states, 'The wicked man earns an empty wage, but he who sows righteousness reaps a true reward.' The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in meaning, as all eight words correspond directly, though the word order and articles differ due to the nature of Greek syntax. There are no significant differences in the core message between these two witnesses, indicating a strong textual consistency.
רָשָׁ֗ע עֹשֶׂ֥ה פְעֻלַּת־ שָׁ֑קֶר וְזֹרֵ֥עַ צְ֝דָקָ֗ה שֶׂ֣כֶר אֱמֶֽת׃
8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Proverbs 11:18
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
רָשָׁע (rasha`) refers to someone who is wicked or criminal, encompassing meanings such as guilty and ungodly. It is derived from a root that implies moral wrongdoing. The term is used to describe individuals who are hostile to God or guilty of sin against others.
רָשָׁע 263 adj. wicked, criminal
base
H7563 רָשָׁע wicked, criminal
7563 rasha` raw-shaw'
from 7561; morally wrong; concretely, an (actively) bad
person:--+ condemned, guilty, ungodly, wicked (man), that did
wrong.
see HEBREW for 07561
רָשָׁע (ra.sah) — wicked.
1) wicked, criminal
1a) guilty one, one guilty of crime (subst)
1b) wicked (hostile to God)
1c) wicked, guilty of sin (against God or man)
Adj — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
עָשָׂה (asah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to do or make, encompassing a wide range of actions such as producing, preparing, and observing. It can refer to both concrete and abstract activities, including making offerings and attending to tasks. The verb also has forms indicating passive meanings, such as being made or offered. Notably, the Piel form refers to pressing or squeezing.
עָשָׂה 2622 vb. do, make
Qal 2524
do (1560 t.)
deal with
oft. in phr. do kindness with
abs. act, act with effect
make (670 t.)
produce, yield
prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
make offering
attend to, put in order
observe, celebrate, religious festival
acquire property of various kinds
appoint priests
bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
use
spend, pass, days of life
Niph.
97be done
be made, of concr. things
be produced from vine
be prepared, of food
be offered
be observed, passover
be used
Pu. I was made
base
[עָשָׂה] vb. Pi. press, squeeze
base
H6213a עָשָׂה do, make .. . do (1560 + t.)
. deal with
. oft. in phr. do kindness with
. abs. act, act with effect
. . make (670 + t.)
. produce, yield
. prepare, esp. of dressing and cooking food
. make offering
. attend to, put in order
. observe, celebrate, religious festival
. acquire property of various kinds
. appoint priests
. bring about of י׳’s effecting a deliverance
. use
. spend, pass, days of life
. . be done
. . be made, of concr. things
. be produced from vine
. be prepared, of food
. be offered
. be observed, passover
. be used
. I was made
H6213b עָשָׂה Pi. press, squeeze
6213 `asah aw-saw'
a primitive root; to do or make, in the broadest sense and
widest application (as follows):--accomplish, advance,
appoint, apt, be at, become, bear, bestow, bring forth,
bruise, be busy, X certainly, have the charge of, commit, deal
(with), deck, + displease, do, (ready) dress(-ed), (put in)
execute(-ion), exercise, fashion, + feast, (fight-)ing man, +
finish, fit, fly, follow, fulfill, furnish, gather, get, go
about, govern, grant, great, + hinder, hold ((a feast)), X
indeed, + be industrious, + journey, keep, labour, maintain,
make, be meet, observe, be occupied, offer, + officer, pare,
bring (come) to pass, perform, pracise, prepare, procure,
provide, put, requite, X sacrifice, serve, set, shew, X sin,
spend, X surely, take, X thoroughly, trim, X very, + vex, be
(warr-)ior, work(-man), yield, use.
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make: do.
: do/perform
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
1a2c) to prepare
1a2d) to make (an offering)
1a2e) to attend to, put in order
1a2f) to observe, celebrate
1a2g) to acquire (property)
1a2h) to appoint, ordain, institute
1a2i) to bring about
1a2j) to use
1a2k) to spend, pass
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be done
1b2) to be made
1b3) to be produced
1b4) to be offered
1b5) to be observed
1b6) to be used
1c) (Pual) to be made
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to press.
(Piel) to press, squeeze
עָשָׂה (a.sah) — to make.
: make(OBJECT)
1) to do, fashion, accomplish, make
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to do, work, make, produce
1a1a) to do
1a1b) to work
1a1c) to deal (with)
1a1d) to act, act with effect, effect
1a2) to make
1a2a) to make
1a2b) to produce
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine singularHVqrmsa
פְּעֻלָּה (pe'ullah) refers to work or recompense, often associated with wages or labor. It is derived from the root word פָּעַל (pa'al), which relates to actions or deeds. The term appears in a poetic or late context, emphasizing its abstract meanings of reward and effort.
[פְּעֻלָּה] n.f. work, recompense (poet. and late)
base
H6468 פְּעֻלָּה work, recompense (poet. and late)
6468 p`ullah peh-ool-law'
feminine passive participle of 6466; (abstractly)
work:--labour, reward, wages, work.
see HEBREW for 06466
פְּעֻלָּה (pe.ul.lah) — wages.
1) work, recompense, reward
1a) work
1b) wages
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שֶׁ֫קֶר (sheqer) refers to deception, falsehood, and disappointment. It encompasses various forms of deceit, including fraud and wrongful testimony. The word is built from the root associated with untruths and can imply sham or lying. It is used in contexts involving false prophets and general dishonesty.
שֶׁ֫קֶר 113 n.m. deception, disappointment, falsehood
deception, what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one
deceit, fraud, wrong
injurious falsehood, in testimony
falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets
lie, falsehood, in gen.
base
H8267 שֶׁ֫קֶר deception, disappointment, falsehood . deception, what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one
. deceit, fraud, wrong
. injurious falsehood, in testimony
. falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets
. lie, falsehood, in gen.
8267 sheqer sheh'-ker
from 8266; an untruth; by implication, a sham (often
adverbial):--without a cause, deceit(-ful),
false(-hood, -ly), feignedly, liar, + lie, lying, vain
(thing), wrongfully.
see HEBREW for 08266
שֶׁ֫קֶר (she.qer) — deception.
1) lie, deception, disappointment, falsehood
1a) deception (what deceives or disappoints or betrays one)
1b) deceit, fraud, wrong
1b1) fraudulently, wrongfully (as adverb)
1c) falsehood (injurious in testimony)
1c1) testify falsehood, false oath, swear falsely
1d) falsity (of false or self-deceived prophets)
1e) lie, falsehood (in general)
1e1) false tongue
1f) in vain
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
fols'-hood.
See LYING.
→ General scriptures concerning Ex 20:16; 23:1; Le 6:2-7; 19:11,12,16; Job 13:4; 21:34; 27:4; 31:5,6,33; 36:4; Ps 5:6,9; 10:7; 12:2,3; 28:3; 31:18; 34:13; 36:3; 50:19,20; 52:2-5; 55:21,23; 58:3; 59:12; 62:4; 63:11; 101:5,7; 109:2; 116:11; 119:29,69,163; 120:2-4; 144:8,11; Pr 2:12-15; 3:3; 6:12,13,17-19; 10:9,10,18,31; 11:9; 12:17,19,20,22; 13:5; 14:5,8,25; 17:4,7; 19:5,9,22,28; 20:17; 21:6; 26:18,19,24-26,28; 27:14; Ec 5:6; Isa 28:15; 32:7; 57:11; 59:3,4,12,13; 63:8;
זָרַע (zara`) is a Hebrew verb meaning to sow or scatter seed. It covers various aspects of planting and yielding, including the figurative sense of producing or conceiving. The root can denote actions in different forms, such as being sown or becoming pregnant. The entries indicate a range of uses, from agricultural to reproductive contexts.
זָרַע vb. sow, scatter seed
Qal
lit. sow
of shrub and tree producing, yielding seed
fig.
Niph. be sown, fructified
be sown
be fructified, made pregnant
Pu. of princes and judges under fig. of trees
Hiph.
produce seed
of a woman, = bear a child
base
H2232 זָרַע sow, scatter seed .. lit. sow
2232 zara` zaw-rah'
a primitive root; to sow; figuratively, to disseminate,
plant, fructify:--bear, conceive seed, set with sow(-er),
yield.
זָרַע (za.ra) — to sow.
1) to sow, scatter seed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sow
1a2) producing, yielding seed
1b)(Niphal)
1b1) to be sown
1b2) to become pregnant, be made pregnant
1c) (Pual) to be sown
1d) (Hiphil) to produce seed, yield seed
Conj | V-Qal — Conjunction · verb qal participle (active) masculine singularHC/Vqrmsa
צְדָקָה (tsdaqah) means 'righteousness' and encompasses various aspects such as justice, truthfulness, and ethical rightness. It can refer to God's attribute of sovereignty, righteousness in governance, and even justification or salvation. The term also implies righteous acts and has an Aramaic equivalent, צִדְקָה (tsid.qah).
צְדָקָה 157 n.f. righteousness
righteousness, in government
God's attribute as sovereign
righteousness, in a case or cause
righteousness = truthfulness
righteousness, as ethically right
righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc.
pl. righteous acts
base
H6666 צְדָקָה righteousness . righteousness, in government
. God's attribute as sovereign
. righteousness, in a case or cause
. righteousness = truthfulness
. righteousness, as ethically right
. righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc.
. pl. righteous acts
6666 tsdaqah tsed-aw-kaw'
from 6663; rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude),
objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively
(prosperity):--justice, moderately, right(-eous)
(act, -ly, -ness).
see HEBREW for 06663
צְדָקָה (tse.da.qah) — righteousness.
1) justice, righteousness
1a) righteousness (in government)
1a1) of judge, ruler, king
1a2) of law
1a3) of Davidic king Messiah
1b) righteousness (of God's attribute)
1c) righteousness (in a case or cause)
1d) righteousness, truthfulness
1e) righteousness (as ethically right)
1f) righteousness (as vindicated), justification, salvation
1f1) of God
1f2) prosperity (of people)
1g) righteous acts
Aramaic equivalent: tsid.qah (צִדְקָה "righteousness" H6665)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
ri'-chus-nes (tsaddiq, adjective, "righteous," or occasionally "just" tsedheq, noun, occasionally = "riahteousness," occasionally = "justice"; dikaios, adjective, dikaiosune, noun, from dike, whose first meaning seems to have been "custom"; the general use suggested conformity to a standard: righteousness, "the state of him who is such as he ought to be" (Thayer)):
1. Double Aspect of Righteousness: Changing and Permanent
2. Social Customs and Righteousness
3. Changing Conception of Character of God: Obligations of Power
4. Righteousness as Inner
5. Righteousness as Social
6. Righteousness as Expanding in Content with Growth in Ideals of Human Worth
LITERATURE
1. Double Aspect of Righteousness: Changing and Permanent:
In Christian thought the idea of righteousness contains both a permanent and a changing element. The fixed element is the will to do right; the changing factor is the conception of…
Righteousness
See JUSTIFICATION.
Rectitude, justice, holiness; an essential perfection of God’s character, Job 36:3; Isa 51:5-8; Joh 17:25; and of his administration, Ge 18:25; Ro 3:21,22; 10:3. It is the wonder of grace that as the righteous guardian of the law, he can acquit the unrighteous. "The righteousness of Christ" includes his spotless holiness, his perfect obedience the law demands; and "the righteousness of faith" is that imputed to the sinner who believes in Christ. With reference to personal character, righteousness is used both for uprightness between man and man, and for true religion,
שֶׂ֫כֶר (se.kher) means hire or wages, referring to payment for work. It is derived from the root word for 'reward' and is used in contexts related to compensation. The entries consistently define it as a form of remuneration without significant disagreement.
שֶׂ֫כֶר n.[m.] hire, wages
base
H7938 שֶׂ֫כֶר hire, wages
7938 seker seh'-ker
from 7936; wages:--reward, sluices.
see HEBREW for 07936
שֶׂ֫כֶר (se.kher) — hire.
hire, wages
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אֱמֶת (emeth) encompasses concepts of firmness, faithfulness, and truth. It signifies reliability and stability, often in the context of ethical or religious knowledge. The word can also function as an adverb meaning 'in truth' or 'truly.' There is a consistent emphasis on its meanings related to certainty and trustworthiness across the entries.
אֱמֶת n.f. firmness, faithfulness
reliability, sureness
stability, continuance
faithfulness, reliableness
truth
adv. in truth, truly
base
H571 אֱמֶת firmness, faithfulness . reliability, sureness
. stability, continuance
. faithfulness, reliableness
. truth
. adv. in truth, truly
571 'emeth eh'-meth
contracted from 539; stability; (figuratively) certainty,
truth, trustworthiness:--assured(-ly), establishment,
faithful, right, sure, true (-ly, -th), verity.
see HEBREW for 0539
אֱמֶת (e.met) — truth: faithful.
: faithful
1) firmness, faithfulness, truth
1a) sureness, reliability
1b) stability, continuance
1c) faithfulness, reliableness
1d) truth
1d1) as spoken
1d2) of testimony and judgment
1d3) of divine instruction
1d4) truth as a body of ethical or religious knowledge
1d5) true doctrine
adv
2) in truth, truly
אֱמֶת (e.met) — truth: true.
: true
1) firmness, faithfulness, truth
1a) sureness, reliability
1b) stability, continuance
1c) faithfulness, reliableness
1d) truth
1d1) as spoken
1d2) of testimony and judgment
1d3) of divine instruction
1d4) truth as a body of ethical or religious knowledge
1d5) true doctrine
adv
2) in truth, truly
אֱמֶת (e.met) — truth: certain.
: certain/fixed
1) firmness, faithfulness, truth
1a) sureness, reliability
1b) stability, continuance
1c) faithfulness, reliableness
1d) truth
1d1) as spoken
1d2) of testimony and judgment
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
trooth (`emeth, emunah, primary idea of "firmness," "stability" (compare Ex 17:12), hence "constancy," "faithfulness," etc.; the Septuagint's Apocrypha and the New Testament, aletheia (Ro 3:7), pistis (Ro 3:3); in adjectival and adverbial sense, "in truth," "of a truth," "faithful," etc.; alethos (Lu 21:3; Joh 6:14; 7:40; 1Th 2:13); alethinos (Joh 17:3); ontos (1Co 14:25); pistos (1Ti 3:1); in the King James…
Truth
Used in various senses in Scripture. In Prov. 12:17, 19, it denotes that which is opposed to falsehood. In Isa. 59:14, 15, Jer. 7:28, it means fidelity or truthfulness. The doctrine of Christ is called “the truth of the gospel” (Gal. 2:5), “the truth” (2 Tim. 3:7; 4:4). Our Lord says of himself, “I am the way, and the truth” (John 14:6).
- God is a God of
- Christ is
Joh 14:6; 7:18
- Christ was full of
- Christ spoke
- The Holy Spirit is the Spirit of