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Numbers 17:4 — Word Study

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WLCוְהִנַּחְתָּ֖ם בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד לִפְנֵי֙ הָֽעֵד֔וּת אֲשֶׁ֛ר אִוָּעֵ֥ד לָכֶ֖ם שָֽׁמָּה׃

BSAwhereʼăsher

Word
Listen & take awayNumbers 17
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 4 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Sha.mah) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Numbers 17:4quick helps
In a sentenceGod instructs Moses to place the staffs in the Tent of Meeting before the Testimony.
Who is speakingGod, giving instructions to Moses.
Where we areThe context is a directive regarding the arrangement of staffs in the sacred space.
The hard wordאִוָּעֵ֥ד
Take awayThe staffs are to be placed in a specific location, indicating God's presence.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott & more — read them › clause verbהַ The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Numbers 17:4

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Instructions for the Tent of Meetinggenerated

3and write Aaron’s name on the staff of Levi, because there must be one staff for the head of each tribe.
4Place the staffs in the Tent of Meeting in front of the Testimony, where I meet with you.
5The staff belonging to the man I choose will sprout, and I will rid Myself of the constant grumbling of the Israelites against you.”
6So Moses spoke to the Israelites, and each of their leaders gave him a staff—one for each of the leaders of their tribes, twelve staffs in all. And Aaron’s staff was among them.

Numbers 17:4 describes God's command to place the staffs in the Tent of Meeting, which serves as a sacred space for encounters with Him. This directive emphasizes the importance of the Testimony, where God meets with His people, and sets the stage for the miraculous sign that will follow regarding the chosen leader of Israel.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Exodus 25:16–22And place inside the ark the Testimony, which I will give you.
2Exodus 29:42–43For the generations to come, this burnt offering shall be made regularly at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting before the LORD, where I will meet you to speak with you.
3Exodus 30:6–36Place the altar in front of the veil that is before the ark of the Testimony —before the mercy seat that is over the Testimony—where I will meet with you.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 3 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

And thou shalt lay them up in the tabernacle of the congregation before the testimony, where I will meet with you.Exodus 25:16–22 Exodus 29:42–43 Exodus 30:6–36

The Key Word אִוָּעֵ֥ד, 'i.va.'Edgenerated

The verb יָעַד (ya'ad) means to appoint or designate, often in the context of a meeting or gathering. It indicates a specific time and place where God will meet with His people, highlighting the significance of divine appointments.

In this verse, the Niphal imperfect form indicates an ongoing action, suggesting that God's meeting with His people is not a one-time event but a continual promise of presence and communication.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses meet to translate אִוָּעֵ֥ד.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb הִנַּחְתָּ֖ם governs the sentence, indicating the action of placing the staffs. It is followed by prepositional phrases detailing the location and context of the action.

The structure emphasizes the significance of the Tent of Meeting and the Testimony, with the verb leading the instruction and the location providing the context for God's meeting with His people.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint uses προσήνεγκαν to translate the action of placing, indicating a similar directive but with a focus on the act of bringing or offering. This choice reflects a broader understanding of the act beyond mere placement.

The Greek term emphasizes the relational aspect of the action, suggesting that the staffs are not just deposited but presented before God.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Numbers 17:4 shows God telling Moses to place the staffs in the Tent of Meeting before the Testimony. This is a significant instruction, as it indicates where God will meet with His people.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to place the staffs in the Tent of Meeting?

It signifies an act of obedience and a means of seeking God's guidance and presence among His people.

Why is the Tent of Meeting important?

The Tent of Meeting is where God would meet with Moses and the Israelites, serving as a sacred space for worship and communication.

What is the significance of the Testimony?

The Testimony refers to the ark of the covenant, which holds God's laws and serves as a symbol of His presence and covenant with Israel.

How does this verse connect to the broader narrative of Numbers?

This verse is part of a larger narrative about God's leadership and guidance for Israel, emphasizing the importance of obedience to His commands.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What does it mean for you to meet with God in your life?
  2. How can you create a space for divine encounters in your daily routine?
  3. In what ways do you see God's presence guiding you in your decisions?
  4. How can you be obedient to God's instructions as seen in this passage?

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Numbers 17:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And thou shalt lay them up in the tabernacle of the congregation,.... In the most holy place: before the testimony; that is, the ark in which the testimony or the law was; here they were laid as in

Read John Gill on Numbers 17 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And thou shalt write Aaron's name upon the rod of Levi: for one rod shall be for the head of the house of their fathers. No JFB commentary on these verses.

Read Robert Jamieson on Numbers 17 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Before the testimony, i.e. before the ark of the testimony; either mediately, close by the veil behind which the ark stood; or rather immediately, within the veil in the most holy place, close by the ark, as may be gathered by comparing this place with , and with . I will meet with you, and manifest my mind to you for the ending of this dispute.

Read Matthew Poole on Numbers 17 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(4) Where I will meet with you.—Rather, where I meet with you.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Numbers 17 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

4. All the staves were placed in front of the ark for that night.

Read Cambridge on Numbers 17 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Before the testimony - See Numbers 17:10 note.

Read Albert Barnes on Numbers 17 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

4. Before the testimony — Or, ark of the covenant containing the testimony of Jehovah. Exodus 25:21.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Numbers 17 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Place the staffs in the Tent of Meeting in front of the Testimony, where I meet with you.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

You shall lay them up in the Tent of Meeting before the covenant, where I meet with you.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Place the staffs in the Tent of Meeting in front of the Testimony, where I meet with you.

NETBNew English Translation2006

You must place them in the tent of meeting before the ark of the covenant where I meet with you.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And thou shalt lay them up in the tabernacle of the congregation before the testimony, where I will meet with you.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And thou shalt lay them up in the tent of meeting before the testimony, where I meet with you.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And thou shalt lay them up in the tent of meeting before the testimony, where I meet with you.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And thou shalt lay them in the tabernacle of the congregation before the testimony, where I will meet with you.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And thou shalt put them in the Tabernacle of the Congregation, before the Arke of the Testimonie, where I wil declare my selfe to you.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And thou shalt lay them up in the tent of meeting before the testimony, where I meet with you.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and thou hast placed them in the tent of meeting, before the testimony, where I meet with you.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And you have placed them in the Tent of Meeting before the Testimony, where I meet with you.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(17:19) And thou shalt lay them down in the tabernacle of the congregation before the testimony, where I usually meet with you.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

You must place the staffs in the tent of meeting in front of the covenant decrees, where I meet with you.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And thou shalt lay them up in the tabernacle of the covenant before the testimony, where I will speak to thee.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Place the walking sticks in the Tent of Meeting in front of the Testimony where I meet with you.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And let them be stored up in the Tent of meeting, in front of the ark of witness where I come to you.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseverbהִנַּחְתָּ֖youobjectםwill.deposit.themprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּinnoun phrasenoun phrasenoun phraseאֹ֣הֶלthe.tentמוֹעֵ֑דof.meetingprepositional phraseלִbeforenoun phraseפְנֵי֙frontnoun phraseהָֽtheעֵד֔וּתtestimonyrelpאֲשֶׁ֛רwhereclauseverbאִוָּעֵ֥דI.meetprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָ(to)כֶ֖םyouadverb phrase · adverbialשָֽׁמָּthereה(to)

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text provides the primary wording for this verse. The Septuagint matches closely, with 8 of the 9 words corresponding directly, indicating a shared understanding of the instruction. The Samaritan Pentateuch differs in four words, suggesting variations in the tradition but not altering the fundamental instruction.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְהִנַּחְתָּ֖ם בְּאֹ֣הֶל מוֹעֵ֑ד לִפְנֵי֙ הָֽעֵד֔וּת אֲשֶׁ֛ר אִוָּעֵ֥ד לָכֶ֖ם שָֽׁמָּה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְהִנַּחְתָּ֖םελεαζαρבְּאֹ֣הֶלἱερέωςלִפְנֵי֙τὰהָֽעֵד֔וּתὅσαאֲשֶׁ֛רπροσήνεγκανאִוָּעֵ֥דοἱלָכֶ֖םκαὶשָֽׁמָּה׃αὐτὰ

8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Samaritan Pentateuchthe Torah as the Samaritan community kept it

ויקח אלעזר בן אהרן הכהן את מחתות הנחשׁת אשׁר הקריבו השׂרופים וירקעום צפואי למזבח

4 words differ from the Masoretic Text: בן (son), אהרן (Aaron), שׂרופים (burn), צפואי (plating)

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Numbers 17:4נוּחַand you wiland you will deנוּחַאֹ֫הֶלin [the] tein [the] tent oאֹ֫הֶלמוֹעֵדmeetingmeetingמוֹעֵדפָּנֶהbeforebeforeפָּנֶהעֵדוּתthe testimothe testimonyעֵדוּתאֲשֶׁרwherewhereאֲשֶׁריָעַדI meetI meetיָעַדכֶםyouyouכֶםשָׁםtherethereשָׁםאָהַלto shineto shineאָהַליָעַדto appointto appointיָעַדפָּנָהCorner (GaCorner (Gate)פָּנָהיָנוּםJanimJanimיָנוּםעֵדwitnesswitnessעֵדאֲשֶׁרwhichwhichאֲשֶׁרפֶּ֫תַחentranceentranceפֶּ֫תַחשָׁקַטto quietto quietשָׁקַטחֵמָהragerageחֵמָהמוֹעֵדmeetingmeetingמוֹעֵדאֹ֫הֶלtenttentאֹ֫הֶלסָתַרto hideto hideסָתַרנוּסto fleeto fleeנוּסכַּפֹּרֶתmercy seatmercy seatכַּפֹּרֶתלוּחַtablettabletלוּחַצָוָהto commandto commandצָוָהעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהיַ֫חַדunitednessunitednessיַ֫חַד
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Numbers 17:4

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and you will deposit them in [the] tent of meeting before the testimony where I meet you there
וְהִנַּחְתָּ֖םve.hi.nach.Tam and you will deposit them H5117 Verb hiphil sequential perfect second person masculine singular · suffix
142× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To rest means to settle down and remain in one place, and can be used literally or figuratively. This verb appears in many parts of the Bible, including Exodus 20:11 and Matthew 11:28.
Tyndale gloss
to rest
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נוּחַ (nuwach) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rest or settle down. It encompasses a wide range of applications, including both literal and figurative uses, such as to dwell, be quiet, or let something remain. The verb can appear in various forms, indicating actions like causing rest or allowing to depart. It is noted for its versatility in expressing different aspects of rest and stillness.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נוּחַ vb. rest

Qal

rest, settle down and remain

repose, be quiet, have rest

Hiph.

cause to rest = give rest to

cause to rest (i.e. light) upon

lay or set down, deposit, let lie

let remain, leave (in present condition)

leave = depart from

abandon

let alone (refrain from interfering with)

permit

Hoph.

no rest is granted to us

as subst. = space left, open space

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5117 נוּחַ rest

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5117 nuwach noo'-akh

a primitive root; to rest, i.e. settle down; used in a great

variety of applications, literal and figurative, intransitive,

transitive and causative (to dwell, stay, let fall, place, let

alone, withdraw, give comfort, etc.):--cease, be confederate,

lay, let down, (be) quiet, remain, (cause to, be at, give,

have, make to) rest, set down. Compare 3241.

see HEBREW for 03241

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נוּחַ (nu.ach) — to rest.

1) to rest

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to rest, settle down and remain

1a2) to repose, have rest, be quiet

1b) (Hiph)

1b1) to cause to rest, give rest to, make quiet

1b2) to cause to rest, cause to alight, set down

1b3) to lay or set down, deposit, let lie, place

1b4) to let remain, leave

1b5) to leave, depart from

1b6) to abandon

1b7) to permit

1c) (Hoph)

1c1) to obtain rest, be granted rest

1c2) to be left, be placed

1c3) open space (subst)

Also means: ya.nach (יָנַח "to rest" H3240)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Hc/Vhq2ms/Sp3mp — Verb hiphil sequential perfect second person masculine singular · suffix
Hc/Vhq2ms/Sp3mp
and you will deposit them in [the] tent of meeting before the testimony where I meet you there
בְּאֹ֣הֶלbe.'O.hel in [the] tent of H168 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
345× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for a tent, often used to describe the tabernacle or a nomad's home. In Exodus 33:7-11, it refers to the sacred tent where God meets with Moses.
Tyndale gloss
tent
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֹ֫הֶל (*ohel*) means 'tent' and is derived from a root meaning 'to be conspicuous.' It encompasses various meanings, including a nomad's tent, a dwelling or home, and specifically refers to the sacred tent used for worship, known as the tabernacle. The entries consistently highlight its association with transience and habitation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֹ֫הֶל 343 n.m. tent

tent of nomad

dwelling, habitation

the sacred tent used in worship of God

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H168 אֹ֫הֶל tent

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

168 'ohel o'-hel

from 166; a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a

distance):--covering, (dwelling)(place), home, tabernacle,

tent.

see HEBREW for 0166

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֹ֫הֶל (o.hel) — tent.

: tent

1) tent

1a) nomad's tent, and thus symbolic of wilderness life, transience

1b) dwelling, home, habitation

1c) the sacred tent of Jehovah (the tabernacle)

Also means: o.hel (אֹ֫הֶל ": home" H0168H)

אֹ֫הֶל (o.hel) — tent: home.

: home

1) tent

1a) nomad's tent, and thus symbolic of wilderness life, transience

1b) dwelling, home, habitation

1c) the sacred tent of Jehovah (the tabernacle)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncmsc — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and you will deposit them in [the] tent of meeting before the testimony where I meet you there
מוֹעֵ֑דmo.'Ed meeting H4150 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
223× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a meeting or appointed time, often for a sacred season or festival, like the tent of meeting in Exodus. It can also mean an assembly or congregation. In the Bible, it is used to describe the Israelites' gatherings and celebrations.
Tyndale gloss
meeting
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מוֹעֵד (mo'ed) refers to an appointed time, place, or meeting, often associated with festivals and sacred seasons. It can denote a specific appointment or assembly, and is linked to the concept of a tent of meeting. The word is derived from a root meaning to appoint, and encompasses a range of meanings related to scheduled gatherings and designated locations.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מוֹעֵד 223 n.m. appointed time, place, meeting

appointed time

appointed meeting

appointed place

appointed sign, signal

tent of meeting

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4150 מוֹעֵד appointed time, place, meeting . appointed time

. appointed meeting

. appointed place

. appointed sign, signal

. tent of meeting

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4150 mow`ed mo-ade'

or moled {mo-ade'}; or (feminine) moweadah (2 Chronicles

8:13) {mo-aw-daw'}; from 3259; properly, an appointment, i.e.

a fixed time or season; specifically, a festival;

conventionally a year; by implication, an assembly (as

convened for a definite purpose); technically the

congregation; by extension, the place of meeting; also a

signal (as appointed beforehand):--appointed (sign, time),

(place of, solemn) assembly, congregation, (set, solemn)

feast, (appointed, due) season, solemn(-ity), synogogue, (set)

time (appointed).

see HEBREW for 03259

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מוֹעֵד (mo.ed) — meeting: time appointed.

: time_appointed

1) appointed place, appointed time, meeting

1a) appointed time

1a1) appointed time (general)

1a2) sacred season, set feast, appointed season

1b) appointed meeting

1c) appointed place

1d) appointed sign or signal

1e) tent of meeting

מוֹעֵד (mo.ed) — meeting: festival.

: festival

1) appointed place, appointed time, meeting

1a) appointed time

1a1) appointed time (general)

1a2) sacred season, set feast, appointed season

1b) appointed meeting

1c) appointed place

1d) appointed sign or signal

1e) tent of meeting

מוֹעֵד (mo.ed) — meeting.

: meeting

1) appointed place, appointed time, meeting

1a) appointed time

1a1) appointed time (general)

1a2) sacred season, set feast, appointed season

1b) appointed meeting

1c) appointed place

1d) appointed sign or signal

1e) tent of meeting

מוֹעֵד (mo.ed) — meeting: signal appointed.

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
and you will deposit them in [the] tent of meeting before the testimony where I meet you there
לִפְנֵי֙lif.Nei before H6440 Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct
2,127× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means face or presence, like being in front of someone or something. It's used in many contexts, like in Genesis, Exodus, and Psalms, to describe interactions and relationships.
Tyndale gloss
face
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces

face, faces

presence, person

technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence

face of seraphim

face of animals

face (= surface) of ground

as adv.loc. before

for other phrases

with prepositions

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces

. . presence, person

. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence

. face of seraphim

. face of animals

. face (= surface) of ground

. as adv. loc. before

. for other phrases

. with prepositions

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6440 paniym paw-neem'

plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh

{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);

used in a great variety of applications (literally and

figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a

preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),

against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),

+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,

face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er

time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +

honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +

meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,

open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,

presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right

forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,

X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)

Read the full entry →
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.

: before/to/front

1) face

1a) face, faces

1b) presence, person

1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)

1d) face (of animals)

1e) face, surface (of ground)

1f) as adv of loc/temp

1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

1g) with prep

1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of

פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.

: face

1) face

1a) face, faces

1b) presence, person

1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)

1d) face (of animals)

1e) face, surface (of ground)

1f) as adv of loc/temp

1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before

1g) with prep

1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncmpc — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct
HR/Ncmpc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

be-for': The translation of a great variety of Hebrew and Greek words. "Haran died before (the English Revised Version "in the presence of," literally "before the face of") his father Terah" (Ge 11:28). To be "before" God is to enjoy His favor (Ps 31:22). "The Syrians before" (Isa 9:12 the Revised Version, margin "on the east," as "behind," owing to the position of Canaan, relative to Syria, implies the west).

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and you will deposit them in [the] tent of meeting before the testimony where I meet you there
הָֽעֵד֔וּתha.'e.Dut the testimony H5715 Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
61× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means a testimony or witness, often referring to God's laws or instructions. It is used in several books, including Exodus and Deuteronomy, to describe God's guidance. The word emphasizes the importance of following God's laws.
Tyndale gloss
testimony
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֵדוּת (eduwth) is a feminine noun meaning 'testimony' or 'witness.' It is derived from the root word עֵד (ed), which also relates to the concept of testimony. The term appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, emphasizing its significance in legal and religious settings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֵדוּת 19 and עֵדֻת 27 n.f. testimony

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5715 עֵדוּת, עֵדֻת testimony

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5715 `eduwth ay-dooth'

feminine of 5707; testimony:--testimony, witness.

see HEBREW for 05707

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֵדוּת (e.dut) — testimony.

testimony

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTd/Ncfsa — Particle · noun common feminine singular absolute
HTd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Testimony

(1.) Witness or evidence (2 Thess. 1:10).

(2.) The Scriptures, as the revelation of God’s will (2 Kings 11:12; Ps. 19:7; 119:88; Isa. 8:16, 20).

(3.) The altar raised by the Gadites and Reubenites (Josh. 22:10).

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

The whole revelation of God, testifying to man what he is to believe, do, and hope, Ps 19:7 119:88,99 1Co 1:6 Re 1:2. The two stone tables of the law were a visible "testimony" or witness of God’s covenant with his people; and hence the ark of the covenant was called sometimes the testimony, or the ark of the testimony, Ex 25:22 34:29. See ARK.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ LEGAL

See EVIDENCE

See WITNESSES

Ark of

See ARK

→ RELIGIOUS 1Ch 16:8,9; Ps 9:11; 18:49; 26:6,7; 119:27,172; 145:11,12; Isa 12:4-6; 32:4; 43:10; 44:8; 45:24; Jer 51:10; Mt 5:15; 10:32; Mr 4:21; 5:16,19,20; Lu 8:16,38,39; 12:8,9; 24:48; Joh 4:28-30,39,41,42; 15:27; Ac 1:8,22; Ro 10:9,10; 1Co 1:5,6; 12:3…

and you will deposit them in [the] tent of meeting before the testimony where I meet you there
אֲשֶׁ֛ר'a.Sher where H834 Particle
5,500× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is a conjunction that connects ideas and events in the Bible, like in the book of Genesis, where it's used to describe the relationship between God and His creation.
Tyndale gloss
which
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.

base

בַאֲשֶׁר

in (that) which

adv. in (the place) where

conj. in that, inasmuch as

on account of whom?

base

מֵאֲשֶׁר

from (or than) that which

adv. from (the place) where

conj. from (the fact) that …, since

base

כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when

according to that which, according as, as

with a causal force, in so far as, since

with a temporal force, when

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which

. adv. in (the place) where

. conj. in that, inasmuch as

. on account of whom?

H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which

. adv. from (the place) where

. conj. from (the fact) that …, since

H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as

. with a causal force, in so far as, since

. with a temporal force, when

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

834 'aher ash-er'

a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);

who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)

when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X

alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +

from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,

wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where

(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +

whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is

indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun

expletively, used to show the connection.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.

A: 1) (relative part.)

1a) which, who

1b) that which

2) (conj)

2a) that (in obj clause)

2b) when

2c) since

2d) as

2e) conditional if

B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

D: Kaph+

1) (conj.), according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since

1c) with a temporal force: when

בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.

1) in (that) which

2) (adv)

2a) where

3) (conj)

3a) in that, inasmuch as

3b) on account of

מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.

1) from (or than) that which

2) from (the place) where

3) from (the fact) that, since

כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.

conj

1) according as, as, when

1a) according to that which, according as, as

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Rel — Particle
HTr
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and you will deposit them in [the] tent of meeting before the testimony where I meet you there
אִוָּעֵ֥ד'i.va.'Ed I meet H3259 Verb · Niphal · imperfect first person common singular
29× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To appoint or agree on something, like setting a time to meet or making a plan, as seen in Esther when the king appoints a new leader. It can also mean to gather or assemble people for a purpose.
Tyndale gloss
to appoint
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָעַד (ya`ad) is a Hebrew verb meaning to appoint or fix upon, often in the context of time or place. It encompasses meanings such as to gather or assemble by appointment, to meet, and to designate someone for a role, including betrothal. The entries indicate various grammatical forms, including reflexive and causative uses, but do not present significant disagreement among sources.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָעַד vb. appoint

Qal appoint, a time; place; a rod; assign or designate as concubine

Niph.

reflexive, meet at an appointed place

meet by appointment

gather, assemble by appointment

Po‛ēl Pf.

Hiph. Impf. who will make me meet him at the appointed place (of judgment)

Hoph. Pt. be set, placed before

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3259 יָעַד appoint .appoint, a time; place; a rod; assign or designate as concubine

. . reflexive, meet at an appointed place

. meet by appointment

. gather, assemble by appointment

.Pf.

. Impf. who will make me meet him at the appointed place (of judgment)

. Pt. be set, placed before

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3259 ya`ad yaw-ad'

a primitive root; to fix upon (by agreement or appointment);

by implication, to meet (at a stated time), to summon (to

trial), to direct (in a certain quarter or position), to

engage (for marriage): -agree,(maxke an) appoint(-ment,a

time), assemble (selves), betroth, gather (selves, together),

meet (together), set (a time).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָעַד (ya.ad) — to appoint.

1) to fix, appoint, assemble, meet, set, betroth

1a)(Qal) to appoint, assign, designate

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to meet

1b2) to meet by appointment

1b3) to gather, assemble by appointment

1c) (Hiphil) to cause to meet

1d) (Hophal) to be set, be placed before, be fixed

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVNi1cs — Verb · Niphal · imperfect first person common singular
HVNi1cs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

met, adjective (yashar; axios): Various words are employed to express meetness, the sense of what is proper, worthy, or fit. We have yashar, "straight," "upright," "right" (2Ki 10:3, "meetest"; Jer 26:14, the Revised Version (British and American) "right"); yashar (Jer 27:5, the Revised Version (British and American) "right"); yosher (Pr 11:24, the Revised Version margin "what is justly due"); 'arikh, Aramaic "meet" (Ezr 4:14); bene, "sons of" (De 3:18, the King James Version "meet for the war," margin "Hebrew sons of power," the Revised Version (British and…

and you will deposit them in [the] tent of meeting before the testimony where I meet you there
לָכֶ֖םla.Khem you H9036 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֶם (khem) — you.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person masculine plural

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Sp2mp — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp2mp
and you will deposit them in [the] tent of meeting before the testimony where I meet you there
שָֽׁמָּה׃Sha.mah there H8033 Adverb · suffix
834× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word sham means there or then, often used to describe a location or point in time. It can also mean thither or thence, indicating movement or direction. This word is used frequently in the Bible to provide context and clarify the setting of a story.
Tyndale gloss
there
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁם (sham) is a Hebrew adverb meaning 'there' or 'thither,' indicating a location or direction. It can also refer to a point in time, translating to 'then.' The word is derived from a relative pronoun and is used in various contexts, including movement and temporal references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׁם adv. there, thither

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8033 שָׁם there, thither

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8033 sham shawm

a primitive particle (rather from the relative pronoun, 834);

there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or

thence:--in it, + thence, there (-in, + of, + out), +

thither, + whither.

see HEBREW for 0834

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁם (sham) — there.

1) there, thither

1a) there

1b) thither (after verbs of motion)

1c) from there, thence

1d) then (as an adverb of time)

Aramaic equivalent: tam.mah (תַּמָּה "there" H8536)

שָׁם (sham) — (Jerusalem) Is There.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

This name means there, thither

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HD/Sd — Adverb · suffix
HD/Sd
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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