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Nehemiah 11:13 — Word Study

Depth

WLCוְאֶחָיו֙ רָאשִׁ֣ים לְאָב֔וֹת מָאתַ֖יִם אַרְבָּעִ֣ים וּשְׁנָ֑יִם וַעֲמַשְׁסַ֧י בֶּן־ עֲזַרְאֵ֛ל בֶּן־ אַחְזַ֥י בֶּן־ מְשִׁלֵּמ֖וֹת בֶּן־ אִמֵּֽר׃

BSAand his associatesʼâch [brethren, close relatives] the leadersrôʼsh [chiefs, heads] of familiesʼâb [fathers' houses] 242 menmêʼâh AmashaiʻĂmashçay sonbên of AzarelʻĂzarʼêl [one of five Israelites with this name] the sonbên of AhzaiʼAchzay [an Israelite who lived during the time of exile and return] the sonbên of MeshillemothMᵉshillêmôwth [an Israelite who lived during the time of Exile and Return] the sonbên of ImmerʼImmêr [a priest during David's time]

Word
Listen & take awayNehemiah 11
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 13 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('i.Mer) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Nehemiah 11:13quick helps
In a sentenceThis verse lists the leaders of families and their lineage, emphasizing their roles and connections.
Who is speakingThe narrator is recounting the names and lineage of leaders during the time of return from exile.
Where we areThis verse is part of a larger list detailing the leaders and workers involved in the restoration of Jerusalem.
The hard wordרָאשִׁים
Take awayThe verse highlights the importance of family lineage in leadership roles.
6 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them › clause The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

2 of 15 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Nehemiah 11:13

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Leaders of Families in Jerusalemgenerated

12and their associates who did the work at the temple—822 men; Adaiah son of Jeroham, the son of Pelaliah, the son of Amzi, the son of Zechariah, the son of Pashhur, the son of Malchijah;
13and his associates, the leaders of families—242 men; Amashai son of Azarel, the son of Ahzai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer;
14and his associates —128 mighty men of valor. Zabdiel son of Haggedolim was their overseer.
15From the Levites: Shemaiah son of Hasshub, the son of Azrikam, the son of Hashabiah, the son of Bunni;

Nehemiah 11:13 is part of a record of those who returned to Jerusalem after the Babylonian exile. This passage emphasizes the organization of families and their leaders, showing the structure of society as they rebuilt their community. The names listed are significant, as they connect the present community to their ancestral heritage, reinforcing their identity as God's chosen people.


Cross References


The Key Word רָאשִׁים, ra.Shimgenerated

The Hebrew word רָאשׁ (ro'sh) means 'head' or 'chief,' and it signifies a position of authority. In this verse, it refers to the leaders of families, indicating their roles as heads of households and their importance in the community structure.

The parsing as a masculine plural absolute noun indicates that it refers to multiple leaders, emphasizing the collective authority of these individuals in guiding their families and contributing to the rebuilding efforts.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main clause is centered around the subject רָאשִׁים, leaders, with additional phrases providing details about the number of men and their lineage. The structure indicates a list format, where each name and relationship is presented sequentially.

The Hebrew word order places the leaders first, emphasizing their importance in the context of the verse, followed by the details of their lineage, which serves to reinforce their legitimacy and authority.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates רָאשִׁים as ἄρξοντες (G758), meaning 'rulers' or 'chiefs.' This choice highlights the authoritative role of these figures in the community, aligning with the Hebrew sense of leadership.

This translation choice reflects a broader interpretation of their roles, indicating not just familial leadership but also governance and oversight in the restoration of Jerusalem.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Nehemiah 11:13 lists the leaders of families who returned to Jerusalem after the exile, noting their lineage and the number of men associated with them. This verse emphasizes the importance of family connections in the rebuilding of the community.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What is the significance of the leaders mentioned in this verse?

The leaders represent the heads of families who played a crucial role in the restoration of Jerusalem, linking the present community to their ancestral heritage.

Why is lineage important in this context?

Lineage establishes legitimacy and authority, showing that these leaders are part of a continuous tradition dating back to the time of the patriarchs.

Who was Amashai?

Amashai was a leader mentioned in this verse, identified as the son of Azarel, and played a role in the community during the return from exile.

What does the number 242 signify?

The number 242 indicates the total count of men associated with the leaders, reflecting the size of the families involved in the rebuilding efforts.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How does understanding the lineage of these leaders enhance our comprehension of community structure in ancient Israel?
  2. In what ways can we draw parallels between the leadership in Nehemiah's time and leadership in our communities today?
  3. What role does family heritage play in shaping our identities as individuals and communities?
  4. How can we apply the lessons of organization and leadership from this verse to our own lives?

Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Nehemiah 11:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And his brethren, chief of the fathers, two hundred forty and two,.... That is, the brethren or relations of Adaiah: and Amashai; called Maasiai, 1 Chronicles 9:12, whose lineage is traced here

Read John Gill on Nehemiah 11 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And their brethren that did the work of the house were eight hundred twenty and two: and Adaiah the son of Jeroham, the son of Pelaliah, the son of Amzi, the son of Zechariah, the son of Pashur, the

Read Robert Jamieson on Nehemiah 11 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Nehemiah 11:12 And their brethren that did the work of the house [were] eight hundred twenty and two: and Adaiah the son of Jeroham, the son of Pelaliah, the son of Amzi, the son of Zechariah, the son of Pashur, the son of Malchiah,Ver. 12-24. In all 1192. The total of priests and Levites 1476, and of Judah and Benjamin 1396. So that there were more priests and Levites than of the lay people; which argues their zeal to be greatest. There were also 172 porters, who were all Levites.

Read John Trapp on Nehemiah 11 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(4-19) The heads in Jerusalem: as compared with 1 Chronicles 9, by no means complete. Judah and Benjamin are represented, with priests and Levites and porters.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Nehemiah 11 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

13. chief of the fathers] R.V. chiefs of fathers’ houses. From the technical use of the term ‘chiefs of fathers’ houses,’ it is obvious that the figure 242 denotes the number of the retainers of Adaiah and ‘his brethren,’ who were ‘chiefs of fathers’ houses.’ Amashai (R.V. Amashsai) the son of Azareel (R.V. Azarel), the son of Ahasai (R.V. Ahzai), the son of Meshillemoth] In 1 Chronicles 9:12, ‘Maasai the son of Adiel, the son of Jahzerah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Meshillemith’ is clearly the same person. A comparison of the names here will illustrate the way in which proper names were liable to be confused and altered in the process of copying; it will also show how in one list…

Read Cambridge on Nehemiah 11 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

LIST OF THE CHIEFS OF THE , Nehemiah 11:3-16.A comparison of this list with that of 1 Chronicles 9, (where see notes,) shows that they both agree in their plan, and in a considerable number of their names.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Nehemiah 11 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

and his associates, the leaders of families—242 men; Amashai son of Azarel, the son of Ahzai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer;

WEBWorld English Bible2000

and his brothers, chiefs of fathers’ households, two hundred forty-two; and Amashsai the son of Azarel, the son of Ahzai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer,

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

and his associates, the leaders of families—242 men; Amashai son of Azarel, the son of Ahzai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer;

NETBNew English Translation2006

and his colleagues who were heads of families – 242; and Amashsai son of Azarel, the son of Ahzai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer,

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And his brethren, chief of the fathers, two hundred forty and two: and Amashai the son of Azareel, the son of Ahasai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer,

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

and his brethren, chiefs of fathers’ houses, two hundred forty and two; and Amashsai the son of Azarel, the son of Ahzai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer,

RVARevised Version, American1894

and his brethren, chiefs of fathers’ houses, two hundred forty and two: and Amashsai the son of Azarel, the son of Ahzai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer,

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And his brethren, chief of the fathers, two hundred forty and two: and Amashai the son of Azareel, the son of Ahasai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer,

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And his brethren, chiefe of the fathers, two hundreth and two and fourtie: and Amashsai the sonne of Azareel, the sonne of Ahazai, the sonne of Meshilemoth, the sonne of Immer:

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

and his brethren, chief fathers, two hundred and forty-two; and Amassai the son of Azareel, the son of Ahzai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer;

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and his brethren, heads of fathers, two hundred forty and two; and Amashsai son of Azareel, son of Ahazai, son of Meshillemoth, son of Immer,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and his brothers, heads of fathers, two hundred forty-two; and Amashsai son of Azareel, son of Ahazai, son of Meshillemoth, son of Immer,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And his brethren, chiefs of the divisions, two hundred forty and two; and 'Amashsai the son of 'Azarel, the son of Achsai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer;

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

His brothers were heads of clans, 242 men; and Amashsai son of Azarel son of Ahzai son of Meshillemoth son of Immer,

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And his brethren the chiefs of the fathers: two hundred forty-two. And Amassai the son of Azreel, the son of Ahazi, the son of Mosollamoth, the son of Emmer,

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

and those who worked with him, family leaders, a total of 242; and Amashsai, son of Azarel, son of Ahzai, son of Meshillemoth, son of Immer,

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And his brothers, heads of families, two hundred and forty-two; and Amashsai, the son of Azarel, the son of Ahzai, the son of Meshillemoth, the son of Immer,

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclausenoun phrase · subjectnoun phraseאֶחָיbrothersו֙hisnoun phraseרָאשִׁ֣יםheadsprepositional phraseלְofאָב֔וֹתfathersnoun phrase · predicatenumeral phraseמָאתַ֖יִםtwo.hundredאַרְבָּעִ֣יםfortyוּandשְׁנָ֑יִםtwoוַandclausenoun phrase · subjectעֲמַשְׁסַ֧יAmashsainoun phraseבֶּןthe.sonnoun phraseעֲזַרְאֵ֛לof.Azarelnoun phraseבֶּןthe.sonnoun phraseאַחְזַ֥יof.Ahzainoun phraseבֶּןthe.sonnoun phraseמְשִׁלֵּמ֖וֹתof.Meshillemothnoun phraseבֶּןthe.sonאִמֵּֽרof.Immer

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text matches the Septuagint closely, with 11 of the 15 words aligned. This consistency suggests that both texts convey the same essential information about the leaders and their lineage, reinforcing the historical context of the verse.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְאֶחָיו֙ רָאשִׁ֣ים לְאָב֔וֹת מָאתַ֖יִם אַרְבָּעִ֣ים וּשְׁנָ֑יִם וַעֲמַשְׁסַ֧י בֶּן־ עֲזַרְאֵ֛ל בֶּן־ אַחְזַ֥י בֶּן־ מְשִׁלֵּמ֖וֹת בֶּן־ אִמֵּֽר׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
רָאשִׁ֣יםἄρξοντεςלְאָב֔וֹתπατριῶνוַעֲמַשְׁסַ֧יαμεσσαιבֶּן־υἱὸςעֲזַרְאֵ֛לεσδριηλבֶּן־’’אַחְזַ֥י’’בֶּן־’’מְשִׁלֵּמ֖וֹת’’בֶּן־’’אִמֵּֽר׃’’

11 of the 15 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Nehemiah 11:13אָחand brotherand brothers hiאָחרֹאשׁleadersleadersרֹאשׁאָבof fathersof fathersאָבמֵאָהtwo hundredtwo hundredמֵאָהאַרְבָּעִיםfortyfortyאַרְבָּעִיםשְׁנַ֫יִםand twoand twoשְׁנַ֫יִםעֲמַשְׁסַיand Amashsaand Amashsaiעֲמַשְׁסַיבֵּן[the] son o[the] son ofבֵּןעֲזַרְאֵלAzarelAzarelעֲזַרְאֵלבֵּן[the] son o[the] son ofבֵּןאֲחַזְיָ֫הוּAhzaiAhzaiאֲחַזְיָ֫הוּבֵּן[the] son o[the] son ofבֵּןמְשִׁלֵּמוֹתMeshillemotMeshillemothמְשִׁלֵּמוֹתבֵּן[the] son o[the] son ofבֵּןאִמֵּרImmerImmerאִמֵּרבָּנָהto buildto buildבָּנָהעָמַסto liftto liftעָמַסעָזַרto helpto helpעָזַראָחַזto graspto graspאָחַזשָׁלֵםto completto completeשָׁלֵםאָמַרto sayto sayאָמַראָבfatherfatherאָבאַרְבַּעfourfourאַרְבַּעשֵׁנִיsecondsecondשֵׁנִיעַמּוֹןAmmonAmmonעַמּוֹןרְאוּבֵןReubenReubenרְאוּבֵןעֵשָׂו(Mount) Es(Mount) EsauעֵשָׂויוֹסֵףJosephJosephיוֹסֵףעֲטָרָהcrowncrownעֲטָרָהנָשִׂיאleaderleaderנָשִׂיאקָבַרto buryto buryקָבַראֵםmothermotherאֵםאֶ֫לֶףthousandthousandאֶ֫לֶף
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Nehemiah 11:13

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
וְאֶחָיו֙ve.'e.Chav and brothers his H251 Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
630× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a brother or male sibling, but it can also refer to a close relative, friend, or someone with a similar relationship. It is used to describe the bond between brothers, like the relationship between Cain and Abel in Genesis.
Amplified meaning
brethren, close relatives
Tyndale gloss
brother: male-sibling
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָח (ach) means 'brother' and encompasses a broad range of relationships, including literal siblings, half-brothers, and metaphorical kinship. It can refer to any male relative or compatriot, and it may also imply resemblance or reciprocal relationships. The term is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, highlighting both familial and figurative connections.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָח 630 n.m. brother

brother, born of same mother (& father)

indef. = relative

fig. of resemblance

in phr. one … another

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H251 אָח brother

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

251 'ach awkh

a primitive word; a brother (used in the widest sense of

literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance

(like 1)):--another, brother(-ly); kindred, like, other.

Compare also the proper names beginning with "Ah-" or "Ahi-".

see HEBREW for 01

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָח (ach) — brother: male-sibling.

: male-sibling

1) brother

1a) brother of same parents

1b) half-brother (same father)

1c) relative, kinship, same tribe

1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)

1e) (fig.) of resemblance

אָח (ach) — brother: male-relative.

: male-relative

1) brother

1a) brother of same parents

1b) half-brother (same father)

1c) relative, kinship, same tribe

1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)

1e) (fig.) of resemblance

אָח (ach) — brother: compatriot.

: compatriot

1) brother

1a) brother of same parents

1b) half-brother (same father)

1c) relative, kinship, same tribe

1d) each to the other (reciprocal relationship)

1e) (fig.) of resemblance

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-mp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HC/Ncmpc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
רָאשִׁ֣יםra.Shim leaders H7218 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
600× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means chief or prince, and is used to describe leaders in the Bible, such as in the book of 1 Samuel. It signifies a position of authority and importance.
Amplified meaning
chiefs, heads
Tyndale gloss
head
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רֹאשׁ (ro'sh) means 'head' and encompasses various meanings related to position and rank. It can refer to the head of a person or animal, the top of a mountain, or a chief in various contexts, such as a city or nation. The word also signifies beginnings and sums, appearing in phrases related to enumeration. Additionally, it serves as a proper noun for 'Rosh,' a title for a chief or prince.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רֹאשׁ 599 n.m.

(c. 230 t.) head, of human being

head, of animals

top (88 t.)

height, of stars

head = chief (man)

= chief (city)

chief nation

= chief (place, position)

= chief priest

= head of a family

head = front, leader's place

of time, beginning, of night watch

of things, river-heads

chief, choicest, best, of spices

head = division of army, company, band

= sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate

other phr.

base

רֹאשׁ n.pr.gent. Rôsh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7218a רֹאשׁ . . (c. 230 t.) head, of human being

. head, of animals

. . top (88 t.)

. height, of stars

. . head = chief (man)

. = chief (city)

. chief nation

. = chief (place, position)

. = chief priest

. = head of a family

. . head = front, leader's place

. of time, beginning, of night watch

. of things, river-heads

. chief, choicest, best, of spices

. head = division of army, company, band

. = sum, esp. in phr. take sum of, enumerate

. other phr.

H7218b רֹאשׁ n. pr. gent. Rôsh

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7218 ro'sh roshe

from an unused root apparently meaning to shake; the head (as

most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many

applications, of place, time, rank, itc.):--band, beginning,

captain, chapiter, chief(-est place, man, things), company,

end, X every (man), excellent, first, forefront, ((be-))head,

height, (on) high(-est part, (priest)), X lead, X poor,

principal, ruler, sum, top.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head.

: head

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

1b) top, tip (of mountain)

1c) height (of stars)

1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)

1e) head, front, beginning

1f) chief, choicest, best

1g) head, division, company, band

1h) sum

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — prince.

Rosh, a tite for a chief or prince

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: leader.

: leader

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

1b) top, tip (of mountain)

1c) height (of stars)

1d) chief, head (of man, city, nation, place, family, priest)

1e) head, front, beginning

1f) chief, choicest, best

1g) head, division, company, band

1h) sum

רֹאשׁ (rosh) — head: top.

: top/best

1) head, top, summit, upper part, chief, total, sum, height, front, beginning

1a) head (of man, animals)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
לְאָב֔וֹתle.'a.Vot of fathers H1 Preposition · noun common feminine plural absolute
1,213× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In Hebrew, this word means father, whether literal or figurative. It is used to describe God as the father of his people, as well as human fathers like Abraham. The word is about a paternal relationship or authority.
Amplified meaning
fathers' houses
Tyndale gloss
father
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָב (av) means 'father' and encompasses various roles such as the literal father of an individual, God as the father of His people, and the head of a household or clan. It can also refer to an ancestor, originator of a profession, or a figure of respect and protection. Notably, it can imply a ruler or chief in later contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָב 1101 n.m. father

father of individual

of God as father of his people

head of household, family or clan

ancestor

originator or patron of a class, profession, or art

fig. of producer, generator

fig. of benevolence & protection

term of respect & honor

specif., ruler, chief (late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1 אָב father . father of individual

. of God as father of his people

. head of household, family or clan

. ancestor

. originator or patron of a class, profession, or art

. fig. of producer, generator

. fig. of benevolence & protection

. term of respect & honor

. specif., ruler, chief (late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1 'ab awb

a primitive word; father, in a literal and immediate, or

figurative and remote application):--chief,

(fore-)father(-less), X patrimony, principal. Compare names

in "Abi-".

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָב (av) — father.

1) father of an individual

2) of God as father of his people

3) head or founder of a household, group, family, or clan

4) ancestor

4a) grandfather, forefathers - of person

4b) of people

5) originator or patron of a class, profession, or art

6) of producer, generator (fig.)

7) of benevolence and protection (fig.)

8) term of respect and honour

9) ruler or chief (spec.)

Also means: av (אַב "father" H0002)

אָב (av) — (Huram)-abi.

A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.7.13; also called Huram-abi (KJV: "Huram my father's") at 2Ch.2.13; 4.16;

Combined with chi.ram (חִירָם "Hiram" H2438H)

אָב (av) — father of.

The father of Gibeon, also known as Abiel - a man of the tribe of Benjamin living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.9.1;

son of: Zeror (H6872C); married to Maacah (H4601N);

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-mp — Preposition · noun common feminine plural absolute
HR/Ncfpa
and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
מָאתַ֖יִםma.Ta.yim two hundred H3967 Adj
581× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means a hundred, used as a simple number or part of a larger number in the Bible. It appears in various forms, including fractions like one one-hundredth. Found in books like Genesis and Psalms.
Tyndale gloss
hundred
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מֵאָה (me'ah) means 'hundred' in Hebrew. It can refer to a simple number, a component of a larger number, or a fraction representing one one-hundredth. The entries consistently describe its use as a numeral without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֵאָה 583 n.f. hundred

as simple number

as part of larger number

a hundredth part

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3967 מֵאָה hundred . as simple number

. as part of larger number

. a hundredth part

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3967 me'ah may-aw'

or metyah {may-yaw'}; properly, a primitive numeral; a

hundred; also as a multiplicative and a

fraction:--hundred((-fold), -th), + sixscore.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֵאָה (me.ah) — hundred.

1) hundred

1a) as simple number

1b) as part of larger number

1c) as a fraction-one one-hundredth (1/100)

Aramaic equivalent: me.ah (מְאָה "hundred" H3969)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAcfda
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hun'-dred (me'-ah; hekaton).

See NUMBER.

and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
אַרְבָּעִ֣ים'ar.ba.'Im forty H705
136× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The number forty is what this Hebrew word represents, often used in the Bible to mark significant periods of time, like the 40 days of rain in Genesis or the 40 years of Israel's wilderness journey.
Tyndale gloss
forty
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אַרְבָּעִים (arba`iym) simply means 'forty' in Hebrew. It is a multiple of the number 702 and is consistently defined across various lexicons. There are no significant disagreements among the entries regarding its meaning.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אַרְבָּעִים a forty

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H705 אַרְבָּעִים a forty

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

705 'arba`iym ar-baw-eem'

multiple of 702; forty:---forty.

see HEBREW for 0702

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַרְבָּעִים (ar.ba.im) — forty.

forty

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HAcmpa
HAcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

for'-ti ('arba`im; tessarakonta).

See FOUR (5); NUMBER.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Remarkable coincidences in the number

→ DAYS

Of rain, at the time of the flood Ge 7:17

Of flood, before sending forth the raven Ge 8:6

For embalming Ge 50:3

Of fasting

By Moses Ex 24:18; 34:28; De 9:9,25

By Elijah 1Ki 19:8

By spies in the land of promise Nu 13:25

Of probation, given to the Ninevites Jon 3:4

By Jesus Mt 4:2

Christ's stay after the resurrection Ac 1:3

and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
וּשְׁנָ֑יִםu.she.Na.yim and two H8147 Conjunction
769× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for the number two appears in Genesis and Exodus, describing pairs and dualities. It can also mean double or twice. In the Bible, it is often used to describe things that come in twos, like two witnesses or two tablets.
Tyndale gloss
two
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׁנַ֫יִם (shnayim) means 'two' and serves as both a cardinal and ordinal number. It can denote 'both,' 'double,' or 'twice,' and is used in various combinations with other numbers. The word is derived as a dual form of שָׁנָה (shanah), which relates to the concept of pairs.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם 768 n.m. et f. du. two

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8147 שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם two

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8147 shnayim shen-ah'-yim

dual of 8145; feminine shttayim {shet-tah'-yim}; two; also

(as ordinal) twofold:--both, couple, double, second, twain, +

twelfth, + twelve, + twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.

see HEBREW for 08145

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׁנַ֫יִם (she.na.yim) — two.

1) two

1a) two (the cardinal number)

1a1) two, both, double, twice

1b) second (the ordinal number)

1c) in combination with other numbers

1d) both (a dual number)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Acbda — Conjunction
HC/Acbda
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

too.

See NUMBER.

and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
וַעֲמַשְׁסַ֧יva.'a.mash.Sai and Amashsai H6023 Conjunction · noun proper masculine
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Amashsai, meaning burdensome, was a priest and son of Adiel, living during the Exile and Return period. He is mentioned in 1 Chronicles 9:12 and Nehemiah 11:13.
Tyndale gloss
Amashsai
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֲמַשְׁסַי (Amashcay) refers to a personal name, likely meaning 'burdensome.' It denotes an Israelite, specifically a priest from the tribe of Levi during the Exile and Return, first mentioned in 1 Chronicles 9:12. This individual is also known as Amashai in Nehemiah 11:13. The name may be related to another term, מַעֲשַׂי (Maasai), which has a similar meaning.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֲמַשְׁסַי n.pr.m. a priest

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6023 עֲמַשְׁסַי

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6023 `Amashcay am-ash-sah'-ee

probably from 6006; burdensome; Amashsay, an

Israelite:--Amashai.

see HEBREW for 06006

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֲמַשְׁסַי (a.mash.say) — Amashsai.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at 1Ch.9.12;

son of: Adiel (H5717H); also called Amashsai (KJV: Amashai) at Neh.11.13;

Another name of ma.a.say (מַעֲשַׂי "Maasai" H4640)

§ Amashai = "burdensome"

a priest, son of Azareel in the time of Nehemiah

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculine
HC/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a-mash'-si `amashcay, probably a textual error for `amashay; the ("s") implies a reading `-M-C-Y, based on a mistaken derivation from '-M-C. The original reading may have been `ammishay; compare AMASAI): Amashsai is a priestly name in the post-exilic list of inhabitants of Jerusalem (Ne 11:13; Maasai, 1Ch 9:12); the reading in Chronicles is ma`asay, the King James Version "Maasiai," the Revised Version (British and American) "Maasai."

and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
בֶּן־ben- [the] son of H1121 Noun common · masculine singular construct
4,943× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Tyndale gloss
son: child
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

son, male child, born of a woman

children (male and female)

youth, young men

the young of animals

of plant shoots

fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

member of a guild, order or class

of animals son of (the) herd

ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

n. relat. of age

base

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman

. children (male and female)

. youth, young men

. the young of animals

. of plant shoots

. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

. . member of a guild, order or class

. of animals son of (the) herd

. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

. n. relat. of age

H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1121 ben bane

from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the

widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,

including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,

etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)

(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,

(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,

bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X

came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of

first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +

kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)

people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +

spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous

one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 0251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּן (ben) — son: child.

: child/son

בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;

son of: Jaaziah (H3269);

brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)

§ Beno = "his son"

the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)

בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.

: descendant, people, tribe, nation

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : child/son

בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.

: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : descendant

בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.

: rebel/son(Belial)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : people/men/nation/tribe

בֵּן (ben) — son.

: [inheriting]son/heir

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.

: warrior/son(strong)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
עֲזַרְאֵ֛ל'a.zar.'El Azarel H5832 Noun proper masculine
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Azarel was one of five Israelites with this name, including a Levite and son of Heman, as mentioned in 1 Chronicles 25:4. His name is similar to Azareel.
Amplified meaning
one of five Israelites with this name
Tyndale gloss
Azarel
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עֲזַרְאֵל (*Azar'el*) means "God has helped" and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament. It is composed of elements meaning 'help' and 'God.' The name appears in contexts related to warriors, musicians, and priests, specifically during the time of David and the return from exile. Notably, it is mentioned in 1 Chronicles, Ezra, and Nehemiah.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֲזַרְאֵל n.pr.m. (Ēl hath helped)

warrior of David

Levite musician

a Danite

one with foreign wife

priestly name

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5832 עֲזַרְאֵל

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5832 `Azar'el az-ar-ale'

from 5826 and 410; God has helped; Azarel, the name of five

Israelites:--Azarael, Azareel.

see HEBREW for 05826

see HEBREW for 0410

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֲזַרְאֵל (a.zar.el) — Azarel.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.12.6

§ Azarael or Azareel = "God has helped"

1) a Korhite warrior of David who joined him at Ziklag

2) a Levite musician of the family of Heman in the time of David

3) a Danite, son of Jeroham and a prince of the tribe at the census of David

4) one of the sons of Bani who took a foreign wife in the time of Ezra

5) a priest, ancestor of Maasiai or Amashai, a priest in Jerusalem after the return from exile

6) a priest and musician in the time of Nehemiah

עֲזַרְאֵל (a.zar.el) — Azarel.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.27.22;

son of: Jeroham (H3395L)

§ Azarael or Azareel = "God has helped"

1) a Korhite warrior of David who joined him at Ziklag

2) a Levite musician of the family of Heman in the time of David

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

az'-a-rel `azarel, ("God is helper"; the King James Version reads Azareel in numbers 1-5, Azarael in numbers 6):

(1) A Korahite who entered the army of David at Ziklag (1Ch 12:6).

(2) A musician in the temple appointed by lot; son of Heman (1Ch 25:18; compare Uzziel, 1Ch 25:4).

(3) A captain of the tribe of Da in the service of David (1Ch 27:22).

(4) One of those who had "strange wives," a son of Bani (Ezr 10:41).

(5) The father of Amashai, a priest who dwelt in Jerusalem after the Exile (Ne 11:13).

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
בֶּן־ben- [the] son of H1121 Noun common · masculine singular construct
4,943× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Tyndale gloss
son: child
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

son, male child, born of a woman

children (male and female)

youth, young men

the young of animals

of plant shoots

fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

member of a guild, order or class

of animals son of (the) herd

ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

n. relat. of age

base

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman

. children (male and female)

. youth, young men

. the young of animals

. of plant shoots

. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

. . member of a guild, order or class

. of animals son of (the) herd

. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

. n. relat. of age

H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1121 ben bane

from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the

widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,

including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,

etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)

(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,

(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,

bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X

came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of

first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +

kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)

people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +

spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous

one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 0251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּן (ben) — son: child.

: child/son

בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;

son of: Jaaziah (H3269);

brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)

§ Beno = "his son"

the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)

בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.

: descendant, people, tribe, nation

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : child/son

בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.

: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : descendant

בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.

: rebel/son(Belial)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : people/men/nation/tribe

בֵּן (ben) — son.

: [inheriting]son/heir

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.

: warrior/son(strong)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
אַחְזַ֥י'ach.Zai Ahzai H273 Noun proper masculine
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Achzai was an Israelite who lived during the time of exile and return, mentioned in 1 Chronicles 9:12. He was a Levite and the son of Meshillemith.
Amplified meaning
an Israelite who lived during the time of exile and return
Tyndale gloss
Ahzai
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word אֲחַזְיָ֫הוּ (*Achzayahu*) and its variants refer to individuals named Ahaziah, including a king of Israel and a king of Judah, as well as a priest. The name is derived from a root meaning 'to seize' or 'to grasp.' It is mentioned in contexts related to the Exile and Return, particularly in 1 Chronicles and Nehemiah.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֲחַזְיָ֫הוּ, אֲחַזְיָה, אַחְזַי n.pr.m. (Yah(u) hath grasped)

king of Isr., son of Ahab

king of Judah, son of Joram

a priest

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H273 אֲחַזְיָ֫הוּ, אֲחַזְיָה, אַחְזַי

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

273 'Achzay akh-zah'ee

from 270; seizer; Achzai, an Israelite:--Ahasai.

see HEBREW for 0270

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אַחְזַי (ach.zay) — Ahzai.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at 1Ch.9.12;

son of: Meshillemith (H4921);

father of: Jahzerah (H3170); also called Ahzai (KJV: Ahasai) at Neh.11.13;

Another name of me.shul.lam (מְשֻׁלָּם "Meshullam" H4918M)

§ Ahasai = "my holder, protector"

a post-exilic priest, in Jerusalem

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a'-zi ('achzay, "my protector"): A priest who resided in Jerusalem (Ne 11:13). The the King James Version has Ahasai which is probably the same as Jahzevah of 1Ch 9:12.

and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
בֶּן־ben- [the] son of H1121 Noun common · masculine singular construct
4,943× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Tyndale gloss
son: child
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

son, male child, born of a woman

children (male and female)

youth, young men

the young of animals

of plant shoots

fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

member of a guild, order or class

of animals son of (the) herd

ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

n. relat. of age

base

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman

. children (male and female)

. youth, young men

. the young of animals

. of plant shoots

. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

. . member of a guild, order or class

. of animals son of (the) herd

. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

. n. relat. of age

H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1121 ben bane

from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the

widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,

including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,

etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)

(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,

(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,

bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X

came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of

first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +

kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)

people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +

spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous

one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 0251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּן (ben) — son: child.

: child/son

בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;

son of: Jaaziah (H3269);

brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)

§ Beno = "his son"

the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)

בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.

: descendant, people, tribe, nation

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : child/son

בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.

: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : descendant

בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.

: rebel/son(Belial)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : people/men/nation/tribe

בֵּן (ben) — son.

: [inheriting]son/heir

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.

: warrior/son(strong)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
מְשִׁלֵּמ֖וֹתme.shi.le.Mot Meshillemoth H4919 Noun proper masculine
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Meshillemoth was an Israelite who lived during the time of Exile and Return, and is mentioned in 1 Chronicles and Nehemiah. The name means recompense and is also given to a chief of the tribe of Ephraim.
Amplified meaning
an Israelite who lived during the time of Exile and Return
Tyndale gloss
Meshillemoth
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מְשִׁלֵּמוֹת (Mshillemowth) is a plural form derived from the root meaning 'reconciliations.' It refers to individuals named Meshillemoth, including an Ephraimite chief during the reign of King Pekah and a priest from the tribe of Levi. The term is associated with the concept of 'recompense' and appears in contexts related to Israel's history.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מְשִׁלֵּמוֹת n.pr.m.

in Ephr.

priest = מְשִׁלֵּמִית

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4919 מְשִׁלֵּמוֹת

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4919 Mshillemowth mesh-il-lay-mohth'

plural from 7999; reconciliations:--Meshillemoth, an

Israelite:--Meshillemoth. Compare 4921.

see HEBREW for 07999

see HEBREW for 04921

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מְשִׁלֵּמוֹת (me.shil.le.mot) — Meshillemoth.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Ch.28.12;

father of: Berechiah (H1296J)

§ Meshillemoth = "recompense"

1) an Ephraimite, one of the chiefs of the tribe in the reign of king Pekah of Israel

1a) also 'Meshillemith'

2) a priest, son of Immer

2a) also 'Meshillemith'

מְשִׁלֵּמוֹת (me.shil.le.mot) — Meshillemoth.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at 1Ch.9.12;

son of: Immer (H0564);

father of: Meshullam (H4918M); also called Meshillemoth at Neh.11.13;

Another name of me.shil.le.mit (מְשִׁלֵּמִית "Meshillemith" H4921)

§ Meshillemoth = "recompense"

1) an Ephraimite, one of the chiefs of the tribe in the reign of king Pekah of Israel

1a) also 'Meshillemith'

2) a priest, son of Immer

2a) also 'Meshillemith'

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

me-shil'-e-moth, me-shil'-e-moth (meshillemoth, "recompense"):

(1) An Ephraimite ancestor of Berechiah, chief of the tribe, in the reign of Pekah (2Ch 28:12).

(2) The "Meshillemith" of Ne 11:13.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Meshillemoth

Requitals. (1.) The father of Berechiah (2 Chr. 28:12).

(2.) A priest, the son of Immer (Neh. 11:13).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(recompense). An Ephraimite, one of the chiefs of the tribe in the reign of Pekah. (2 Chronicles 28:12) The same as MESHILLEMITH. (Nehemiah 11:13)

Nave's Topical Bible

1. Father of an Ephramite who protested against the attempt of the Israelites to ensalve their captive brethren 2Ch 28:12,13

2. A priest Ne 11:13

and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
בֶּן־ben- [the] son of H1121 Noun common · masculine singular construct
4,943× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Tyndale gloss
son: child
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

son, male child, born of a woman

children (male and female)

youth, young men

the young of animals

of plant shoots

fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

member of a guild, order or class

of animals son of (the) herd

ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

n. relat. of age

base

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman

. children (male and female)

. youth, young men

. the young of animals

. of plant shoots

. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

. . member of a guild, order or class

. of animals son of (the) herd

. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

. n. relat. of age

H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1121 ben bane

from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the

widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,

including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,

etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)

(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,

(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,

bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X

came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of

first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +

kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)

people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +

spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous

one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 0251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּן (ben) — son: child.

: child/son

בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;

son of: Jaaziah (H3269);

brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)

§ Beno = "his son"

the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)

בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.

: descendant, people, tribe, nation

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : child/son

בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.

: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : descendant

בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.

: rebel/son(Belial)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : people/men/nation/tribe

בֵּן (ben) — son.

: [inheriting]son/heir

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.

: warrior/son(strong)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and brothers his leaders of fathers two hundred forty and two and Amashsai [the] son of Azarel [the] son of Ahzai [the] son of Meshillemoth [the] son of Immer
אִמֵּֽר׃'i.Mer Immer H564 Noun proper masculine
10× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Immer was the name of several Israelites, including a priest during David's time and the father of a priest named Zadok, as mentioned in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
a priest during David's time
Tyndale gloss
Immer
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אִמֵּר (Immer) refers to a name associated with several priests in the Old Testament, particularly during the times of David and Jeremiah. The name means 'he hath said' and is linked to the lineage of Zadok the priest. The entries note that Immer is a significant figure in the priestly line, mentioned in contexts of exile and return.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אִמֵּר n.pr.m.

a priest assigned to Dvd’s time

ancestor of priest

priest in Jerem.’s time

father of Zadok

n.pr.loc. (?)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H564 אִמֵּר

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

564 'Immer im-mare'

from 559; talkative; Immer, the name of five

Israelites:--Immer.

see HEBREW for 0559

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אִמֵּר (im.mer) — Immer.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at 1Ch.9.12;

father of: Meshillemith (H4921)

§ Immer = "he hath said"

1) a priest in David's time

2) a priest in Jeremiah's time

3) the father of Zadok the priest

4) an ancestor of a priest

אִמֵּר (im.mer) — Immer.

A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.14

§ Immer = "he hath said"

1) a priest in David's time

2) a priest in Jeremiah's time

3) the father of Zadok the priest

4) an ancestor of a priest

אִמֵּר (im.mer) — Immer.

§ Immer = "he hath said"

birthplace of a priest

אִמֵּר (im.mer) — Immer.

A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at Neh.3.29;

father of: Zadok (H6659K)

§ Immer = "he hath said"

1) a priest in David's time

2) a priest in Jeremiah's time

3) the father of Zadok the priest

4) an ancestor of a priest

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper masculine
HNpm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

im'-er ('immer):

(1) A priest of David's time (1Ch 24:14), whose descendants are mentioned in Ezr 2:37; 10:20; Ne 3:29; 7:40; 11:13.

(2) A priest of Jeremiah's time (Jer 20:1).

(3) A place in Babylonia (Ezr 2:59; Ne 7:61).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Immer

Talkative. (1.) The head of the sixteenth priestly order (1 Chr. 24:14). (2.) Jer. 20:1. (3.) Ezra 2:37; Neh. 7:40. (4.) Ezra 2:59; Neh. 7:61. (5.) The father of Zadok (Neh. 3:29).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(talkative). The founder of an important family of priests. (1 Chronicles 9:12; Nehemiah 11:13) This family had charge of, and gave its name to, the sixteenth course of the service. (1 Chronicles 24:14) (B.C. 1014.) Apparently the name of a place in Babylonia. (Ezra 2:59; Nehemiah 7:61)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

saying; speaking; a lamb

Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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