Nehemiah 10:1 — Word Study
WLCוְעַ֖ל הַחֲתוּמִ֑ים נְחֶמְיָ֧ה הַתִּרְשָׁ֛תָא בֶּן־ חֲכַלְיָ֖ה וְצִדְקִיָּֽה׃
BSANowʻal these [were the ones] who sealed [the document]châtham [who signed the covenant, the ones in agreement, to close or lock, authenticating]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְעַ֖ל | and [were] on | Conjunction, preposition |
| הַחֲתוּמִ֑ים | the sealed [documents] | Particle, verb qal participle (passive) masculine plural |
| נְחֶמְיָ֧ה | Nehemiah | Noun proper masculine |
| הַתִּרְשָׁ֛תָא | the governor | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| בֶּן־ | [the] son of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| חֲכַלְיָ֖ה | Hacaliah | Noun proper masculine |
| וְצִדְקִיָּֽה׃ | and Zedekiah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Now these were the ones who sealed the document: Nehemiah the governor, son of Hacaliah, and also Zedekiah, |
| KJV | Now those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah, |
| ASV | Now those that sealed were: Nehemiah the governor, the son of Hacaliah, and Zedekiah, |
| YLT | And over those sealed [are] Nehemiah the Tirshatha, son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah, |
| WEB | Now those who sealed were: Nehemiah the governor, the son of Hacaliah, and Zedekiah, |
| BBE | Now those who put down their names were Nehemiah the Tirshatha, the son of Hacaliah, and Zedekiah, |
Where they part company is in the roles of Nehemiah and Zedekiah — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around the main clause, with additional noun phrases providing details about the signatories.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Nehemiah 10:1
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Sealing of the Covenantgenerated
Nehemiah 10:1 lists the leaders who sealed a document, affirming their commitment to the covenant made with God. This act of sealing is significant as it represents a formal agreement among the Israelites to uphold their responsibilities and promises to God, reflecting their collective identity and purpose after returning from exile.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Nehemiah 9:38 | In view of all this, we make a binding agreement, putting it in writing and sealing it with the names of our leaders, Levites, and priests.” |
| 2 | Nehemiah 8:9 | Nehemiah the governor, Ezra the priest and scribe, and the Levites who were instructing the people said to all of them, “This day is holy to the LORD your God. Do not mourn or weep.” For all the people were weeping as they heard the words of the Law. |
| 3 | Nehemiah 7:70 | Some of the heads of the families contributed to the project. The governor gave to the treasury 1,000 darics of gold, 50 bowls, and 530 priestly garments. |
| 4 | Ezra 2:63 | The governor ordered them not to eat the most holy things until there was a priest to consult the Urim and Thummim. |
| 5 | Nehemiah 1:1 | These are the words of Nehemiah son of Hacaliah: In the month of Chislev, in the twentieth year, while I was in the citadel of Susa, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חָתַם, cha.tamgenerated
The Hebrew word חָתַם (*cha.tam*) means to seal or affix a seal, indicating closure or authentication. It is a verb in the Qal stem, suggesting a straightforward action of sealing something, such as a document. This word emphasizes the importance of the act of sealing in establishing legitimacy and agreement.
In this context, the participle form הַחֲתוּמִ֑ים indicates those who have sealed the document, highlighting their role in formalizing the covenant. The act of sealing here is not just a physical action but also a representation of commitment and responsibility.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the meaning of the individuals who sealed the document, with terms like sealed (BSB, KJV, ASV) and the sealed (YLT, WEB, BBE) all reflecting the act of authentication.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause is introduced by the verb חָתַם, sealed, which governs the entire sentence. The structure includes a noun phrase identifying the subjects, Nehemiah and Zedekiah, along with a prepositional phrase that specifies the document being sealed.
The sentence structure emphasizes the act of sealing as central, with the subjects clearly identified, indicating their authority and responsibility in this important act.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew word חָתַם is rendered as τούτοις, which translates to 'these.' This choice may imply a focus on the individuals involved in the sealing rather than the act itself, suggesting a slight shift in emphasis.
The Greek translation maintains the integrity of the original Hebrew while adapting the phrasing to suit the Greek-speaking audience's understanding.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Nehemiah 10:1 identifies Nehemiah and Zedekiah as key figures who sealed a document, which symbolizes their commitment to the covenant made by the Israelites. This sealing act highlights their leadership roles and the importance of the agreement they entered into.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Sealing a document signifies a formal agreement and authentication, indicating that the signatories are committed to upholding the terms of the covenant.
The key figures mentioned are Nehemiah, the governor, and Zedekiah, both of whom played significant roles in the leadership of the Israelites.
Nehemiah is referred to as the governor because he held a position of authority and responsibility in leading the people of Judah after their return from exile.
The covenant represents the Israelites' commitment to follow God's laws and maintain their identity as His people, especially after returning from exile.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does it mean to be a leader in the context of community agreements?
- How can we apply the principles of commitment and responsibility from this verse in our own lives?
- In what ways do we see the act of sealing agreements in our modern society?
- Why is it important for leaders to publicly affirm their commitments?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early commentary on this verse discusses the significance of the signatories, with Bede noting the dual names of Nehemiah as Tirshatha.
But the signatories were Nehemiah the Tirshatha, etc. Another translation has, Nehemiah, who is the Tirshatha; for Nehemiah had two names.Early Church Fathers on Nehemiah 10 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Nehemiah 10:1 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleNow those that sealed were,.... That sealed the covenant, made Ne 9:38.
Read John Gill on Nehemiah 10 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryNow those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha. His name was first placed in the roll on account of his high official rank, as deputy of the Persian monarch.
Read Robert Jamieson on Nehemiah 10 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleCHAPTER 10 The names of those that sealed the covenant, . The rest of the people cleave to them: the covenant, . Those that sealed, both in their own names, and in the name of all the rest. It may seem strange that Ezra doth not appear among them. But that might be because he was prevented, either by death, or by some sickness, or other extraordinary impediment, for which we have this presumption, that whereas Ezra appears, and preacheth, and prayeth with Jeshua and Bani, &c., before the feast of tabernacles, , &c., we have no mention of him Ne 9, but the whole work of that solemn fast day was managed by them alone, without any mention of Ezra, whose name would not have been omitted, if he…
Read Matthew Poole on Nehemiah 10 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsNehemiah 10:1 Now those that sealed [were], Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,Ver. 1. Now those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha] He is first mentioned, not as a priest, but as a provost; and one that held it an honour to be first in so good a matter; as Caesar never said to his soldiers, Ite, but Venite, Go, but, Come along, I will lead you; and as Abimelech said, What ye have seen me do, make haste and do accordingly. So should all superiors say to their inferiors. Vita principis censura est, imo cynosura, The life of the prince is the loede star of the people, upon which most men fix their eyes and shape their courses. Magnates sunt Magnetes, Great men…
Read John Trapp on Nehemiah 10 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(1) Zidkijah.—Probably, Zadok the scribe (Nehemiah 13:13), Nehemiah’s secretary. (Comp. Ezra 4:8.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Nehemiah 10 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleCHAPTER X The names of those who sealed the covenant, 1-27. All solemnly promise not to have affinity with the people of the land, 28-30; to observe the Sabbaths, 31; to provide for the sanctuary according to the law, 32-36; and to pay the regular tithes for the support of the priests, Levites, and other officers of the temple, 37-39. NOTES ON CHAP. X Verse 1. Now those that sealed] Four classes here seal. Nehemiah first, as their governor. And after him, secondly, The priests, Ne 10:2-8. Thirdly, The Levites, Ne 10:9-13. Fourthly, The chiefs of the people, Ne 10:14-27. It is strange that, among all these, we hear nothing of Ezra, nor of the high priest Eliashib. Nor are any of the prophets…
Read AdamClarke on Nehemiah 10 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and CollegesNehemiah 10:1-29. The List of ‘those that sealed’: Nehemiah 10:30-39 Special Obligations of the Covenant1. those that sealed] Literally ‘at the sealings,’ the plur. of the word used in Nehemiah 9:38. As in Jeremiah 32:14, the singular and plural are used apparently of the same documents. Some commentators are inclined to follow the LXX. ἐπὶτῶνσφραγιζόντων, as if the words could be rendered ‘among those that sealed or subscribed:’ so apparently the Vulg. ‘signatores.’ But the Hebrew word does not mean the man who affixes his seal, but the thing or document to which it is affixed. Others explain the plur. as indicating the numerous ‘lists’ prepared for signature, as if the different…
Read Cambridge on Nehemiah 10 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe “Zidkijah” of this passage is probably the same as “Zadok” Nehemiah 13:13.
Read Albert Barnes on Nehemiah 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Now these were the ones who sealed the document: Nehemiah the governor, son of Hacaliah, and also Zedekiah,
Now those who sealed were: Nehemiah the governor, the son of Hacaliah, and Zedekiah,
Now these were the ones who sealed the document: Nehemiah the governor, son of Hacaliah, and also Zedekiah,
On the sealed documents were the following names: Nehemiah the governor, son of Hacaliah, along with Zedekiah,
Tyndale line
Now those that sealed were, Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,
Now those that sealed were: Nehemiah the governor, the son of Hacaliah, and Zedekiah,
Now those that sealed were, Nehemiah the Tirshatha, the son of Hacaliah, and Zedekiah;
Now those that sealed were , Nehemiah, the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,
Now they that sealed were Nehemiah the Tirshatha the sonne of Hachaliah, and Zidkiiah,
Strictly literal
And at the head of those that sealed were Nehemiah the Tirshatha, the son of Hachaliah, and Zedekiah.
And over those sealed [are] Nehemiah the Tirshatha, son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,
And over those sealed [are] Nehemiah the Tirshatha, son of Hachaliah, and Zidkijah,
(10:2) And with those whose seal was affixed were, Nehemiah the Tirshatha the son of Chachalyah, and Zidkiyah.
On the sealed documents were Nehemiah, the governor, son of Hakaliah and Zedekiah,
From the Latin
And the subscribers were Nehemias, Athersatha the son of Hachelai, and Sedecias,
Simplified
The document was sealed by: Nehemiah the governor, son of Hacaliah.
Now those who put down their names were Nehemiah the Tirshatha, the son of Hacaliah, and Zedekiah,
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely in their wording, with all seven Hebrew words matched in the Greek translation. This consistency indicates a strong preservation of the text across these traditions.
וְעַ֖ל הַחֲתוּמִ֑ים נְחֶמְיָ֧ה הַתִּרְשָׁ֛תָא בֶּן־ חֲכַלְיָ֖ה וְצִדְקִיָּֽה׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Nehemiah 10:1
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
עַל, עָ֑ל
subst. height
As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed
—
of clothing, etc., which any one wears
With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears
. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it
. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him
. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him
. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him
. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)
5921 `al al
properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the
singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a
particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always
in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great
variety of applications (as follow):--above, according
to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because
of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both
and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in
(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,
through(-out), to, touching, X with.
see HEBREW for 05920
עַל (al) — upon.
prep
1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against
1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards
1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)
1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)
1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)
1e) over (of suspension or extension)
1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)
1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)
1h) to (as a dative)
[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.
conj
Conj | Prep — Conjunction · prepositionHC/R
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
חָתַם (cha.tam) means to seal or affix a seal. It covers various forms, including sealing up, locking up, and being stopped. The verb appears in different stems, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hiphil, indicating various nuances of sealing and closure. The Aramaic equivalent is also noted.
חָתַם vb. seal, affix seal, seal up
Qal
seal, affix one’s seal, in attestation
seal up, fasten up by sealing
Niph. (it was) written and sealed
Pi. lit. by day they seal up for themselves, i.e acc. to most, they shut themselves up
Hiph. or hath his flesh (genital organ) shewn stoppage by reason of his flux.
base
H2856 חָתַם seal, affix seal, seal up
2856 chatham khaw-tham'
a primitive root; to close up; especially to seal:--make an
end, mark, seal (up), stop.
חָתַם (cha.tam) — to seal.
1) to seal, seal up, affix a seal
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to seal, affix one's seal
1a2) to seal up, fasten up by sealing
1b) (Niphal) to seal
1c) (Piel) to lock up
1d) (Hiphil) to be stopped
Aramaic equivalent: cha.tam (חֲתַם "to seal" H2857)
Art | V-Qal-Inf-c — Particle · verb qal participle (passive) masculine pluralHTd/Vqsmpa
נְחֶמְיָה (nechem-yah) means 'Jehovah comforts' and refers to Nehemiah, a significant figure during the Exile and Return period. He is identified as the son of Hachaliah, a cupbearer to King Artaxerxes, and later became governor of Judah. The name also applies to other individuals mentioned in the context of the return from exile.
נְחֶמְיָה n.pr.m. (Yah comforts)
the son of Hachaliah, governor of Judah under Artaxerxes Longimanus
ruler of half the district of Bethzur
one of twelve heads of people who returned with Zerubbabel
base
H5166 נְחֶמְיָה
5166 Nchemyah nekh-em-yaw'
from 5162 and 3050; consolation of Jah; Nechemjah, the name
of three Israelites:--Nehemiah.
see HEBREW for 05162
see HEBREW for 03050
נְחֶמְיָה (ne.chem.yah) — Nehemiah.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Ezr.2.2
§ Nehemiah = "Jehovah comforts"
1) the son of Hachaliah, cupbearer to king Artaxerxes, who became governor of Judah after the return from exile
2) one of the 12 heads of the people who returned from exile with Zerubbabel
3) son of Azbuk and ruler of the half part of Beth-zur, who helped to repair the wall of Jerusalem
נְחֶמְיָה (ne.chem.yah) — Nehemiah.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Neh.1.1;
son of: Hacaliah (H2446);
brother of: Hanani (H2607J)
§ Nehemiah = "Jehovah comforts"
1) the son of Hachaliah, cupbearer to king Artaxerxes, who became governor of Judah after the return from exile
2) one of the 12 heads of the people who returned from exile with Zerubbabel
HNpm — Noun proper masculineHNpm
ne-he-mi'-a, ne-hem-i'-a (nechemyah, "comforted of Yah"):
1. Family
2. Youth
3. King's Cupbearer
4. Governor of Judea
5. Death
LITERATURE
Nehemiah, the son of Hacaliah, is the Jewish patriot whose life is recorded in the Biblical work named after him. All that we know about him from contemporary sources is found in this book; and so the readers of this article are referred to the Book of Nehemiah for the best and fullest account of his words and deeds.
Nehemiah
Comforted by Jehovah. (1.) Ezra 2:2; Neh. 7:7. (2.) Neh. 3:16.
(3.) The son of Hachaliah (Neh. 1:1), and probably of the tribe of Judah. His family must have belonged to Jerusalem (Neh. 2:3). He was one of the “Jews of the dispersion,” and in his youth was appointed to the important office of royal cup-bearer at the palace of Shushan. The king, Artaxerxes Longimanus, seems to have been on terms of friendly familiarity with his attendant. Through his brother Hanani, and perhaps from other sources (Neh. 1:2; 2:3), he heard of the mournful and desolate condition of the…
(consolation of the Lord). Son of Hachaliah, and apparently of the tribe of Judah. All that we know certainly concerning him is contained in the book which bears his name. We first find him at Shushan, the winter residence of the kings of Persia, in high office as the cupbearer of King Artaxerxes Longimanus. In the twentieth year of the king’s reign, i.e. B.C. 445, certain Jews arrived from Judea, and gave Nehemiah a deplorable account of the state of Jerusalem. He immediately conceived the idea of going to Jerusalem to endeavor to better their state, and obtained the king’s consent to his mission. Having received his appointment as governor of Judea, he started upon his journey, being under promise to return to Persia within a given time. Nehemiah’s great work was rebuilding, for the first time since their destruction by Nebuzar-adan, the walls of Jerusalem, and restoring that city to…
The son of Hachaliah was born at Babylon during the captivity. He was, according to some, of the race of the priests; according to others, of the royal family of Judah. He sustained the office of cupbearer to the Persian king Artazerzes Longimanus. Touched with the calamitous state of the colony of Jews, which had formerly returned to Jerusalem, he besought the king of Persia to permit him to go to Jerusalem and aid in rebuilding it. He was accordingly sent thither as governor, in the twentieth year of Artaxerxes, about 444 B. C. He directed his attention chiefly to rebuilding the walls of the city.
The enmity of the Samaritans, under which the colony had formerly suffered, was now increased; and under Sanballat, the governor of the country, they cast all possible hindrances in the way of the Jews. They even went so far as to attack the laborers at their work; so that Nehemiah had to…
תִּרְשָׁתָא (Tirshatha) refers to a title for a Persian governor in Judea, specifically used by Nehemiah. The term is derived from foreign origins and is consistently defined across entries as a designation for a deputy or governor.
תִּרְשָׁתָא n.m. Tirshathâ, title of Persian governor in Judaea
base
H8660 תִּרְשָׁתָא
8660 Tirshatha' teer-shaw-thaw'
of foreign derivation; the title of a Persian deputy or
governor:--Tirshatha.
תִּרְשָׁתָא (tir.sha.ta) — governor.
1) Tirshatha-governor
1a) a title used by the Persian governor in Judea
1a1) Nehemiah used this title
HTd/Ncmsa — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
guv'-er-ner: The word "governor" is employed in English Versions of the Bible in rendering a great variety of Hebrew and Greek words. In certain cases strict consistency is neither observed nor possible.
1. In the Old Testament:
In the rendering of Hebrew terms account has naturally been taken of the translations offered in Septuagint, which, being the work of different hands, is both uneven in quality and inconsistent. But there are inherent difficulties which can never be entirely overcome. First and most important, there is the difficulty arising from our ignorance of many details of the government of the oriental nations to which the terms apply. Hardly less is the embarrassment occasioned by the vague employment of words in indiscriminate reference to persons of superior rank and somehow exercising authority. There is consequently much confusion in the use of titles such as "deputy,"…
Governor
(1.) Heb. nagid, a prominent, conspicuous person, whatever his capacity: as, chief of the royal palace (2 Chr. 28:7; comp. 1 Kings 4:6), chief of the temple (1 Chr. 9:11; Jer. 20:1), the leader of the Aaronites (1 Chr. 12:27), keeper of the sacred treasury (26:24), captain of the army (13:1), the king (1 Sam. 9:16), the Messiah (Dan. 9:25).
(2.) Heb. nasi, raised; exalted. Used to denote the chiefs of families (Num. 3:24, 30, 32, 35); also of tribes (2:3…
In the Authorized Version this one English word is the representative of no less than ten Hebrew and four Greek words. The chief of a tribe or family. A ruler in his capacity of lawgiver and dispenser of justice. A ruler consider especially as having power over the property and persons of his subjects. (Genesis 24:2; Joshua 12:2; Psalms 100:20) The "governors of the people," in (2 Chronicles 23:20) appear to have been the king’s body-guard; cf. (2 Kings 11:19) A prominent personage, whatever his capacity. It is applied to a king as the military and civil chief of his people, (
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
חֲכַלְיָה (Chakalyah) is a personal name meaning 'whom Jehovah enlightens' or possibly 'wait for Yahweh.' It refers to an Israelite, specifically the father of Nehemiah, mentioned in Nehemiah 1:1. The name is derived from roots related to darkness and Jah, indicating a possible connection to divine enlightenment.
חֲכַלְיָה n.pr.m. (mng. dub.; perhaps wait for Yahweh)—father of Nehemiah
base
H2446 חֲכַלְיָה
2446 Chakalyah khak-al-yaw'
from the base of 2447 and 3050; darkness of Jah; Chakaljah,
an Israelite:--Hachaliah.
see HEBREW for 02447
see HEBREW for 03050
חֲכַלְיָה (cha.khal.yah) — Hacaliah.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at Neh.1.1;
father of: Nehemiah (H5166H), Hanani (H2607J)
§ Hachaliah = "whom Jehovah enlightens"
the father of Nehemiah
HNpm — Noun proper masculineHNpm
hak-a-li'-a (chakhalyah, meaning doubtful, perhaps "wait for Yahweh"; the King James Version Hachaliah): Father of Nehemiah (Ne 11; 10:1).
The Hebrew word צִדְקִיָּ֫הוּ (*Tsidqiyah*) means 'Jehovah is righteous' and refers primarily to Zedekiah, the last king of Judah. It is derived from words meaning 'right' and 'Jah' (God). The entries note various individuals named Zedekiah, including false prophets and a priest during Nehemiah's time. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings or references.
צִדְקִיָּ֫הוּ 66, צִדְקִיָּה 7 n.pr.m. (י׳ is righteousness)
last king of Judah
false prophets
prince; Jerem.’s time
priest, Nehem.’s time
son of Jehoiachin
base
H6667 צִדְקִיָּ֫הוּ, צִדְקִיָּה (י׳ is righteousness) . last king of Judah
. false prophets
. prince; Jerem.’s time
. priest, Nehem.’s time
. son of Jehoiachin
6667 Tsidqiyah tsid-kee-yaw'
or Tsidqiyahuw {tsid-kee-yaw'-hoo}; from 6664 and 3050; right
of Jah; Tsidkijah, the name of six Israelites:--Zedekiah,
Zidkijah.
see HEBREW for 06664
see HEBREW for 03050
צִדְקִיָּ֫הוּ (tsid.qiy.yah) — Zedekiah.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.22.11;
son of: Chenaanah (H3668)
§ Zedekiah = "Jehovah is righteous"
1) the last king of Judah renamed from 'Mattaniah' by Nebuchadnezzar; son of Josiah by wife Hamutal; placed on the throne by Nebuchadnezzar when he carried his nephew Jehoiakim in captivity
2) false prophet at the court of king Ahab of the northern kingdom of Israel
3) son of Maaseiah, a false prophet in Babylon
4) son of Hananiah, one of the princes of Judah in the time of Jeremiah
5) a priest who sealed the covenant with Nehemiah
6) son of king Jehoiakim of Judah
צִדְקִיָּ֫הוּ (tsid.qiy.yah) — Zedekiah.
A king of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.24.17;
son of: Josiah (H2977) and Hamutal (H2537);
brother of: Jehoahaz (H3059H);
HC/Npm — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Zedekiah
Righteousness of Jehovah. (1.) The last king of Judah. He was the third son of Josiah, and his mother’s name was Hamutal, the daughter of Jeremiah of Libnah, and hence he was the brother of Jehoahaz (2 Kings 23:31; 24:17, 18). His original name was Mattaniah; but when Nebuchadnezzar placed him on the throne as the successor to Jehoiachin he changed his name to Zedekiah. The prophet Jeremiah was his counsellor, yet “he did evil in the sight of the Lord” (2 Kings 24:19, 20; Jer. 52:2, 3). He ascended the throne at the age of twenty-one years. The kingdom was at that time tributary to Nebuchadnezzar; but, despite the strong remonstrances of Jeremiah and others, as well as the example of Jehoiachin, he threw off the yoke…
(justice of Jehovah). The last king of Judah and Jerusalem. He was the son of Josiah by his wife Hamutal, and therefore own brother to Jehoahaz. (2 Kings 24:18) comp. 2Kin 23:31 His original name was Mattaniah, which was changed to Zedekiah by Nebuchadnezzar when he carried off his nephew Jehoiachim to Babylon and left him on the throne of Jerusalem. Zedekiah was but twenty-one years old when he was thus placed in charge of an impoverished kingdom, B.C. 597. His history is contained in a short sketch .of the events of his reign given in (2 Kings 24:17; 2 Kings 25:7) and, with some trifling variations in (Jeremiah 39:1-7; 62:1-11) together with the still shorter summary in…
1. The twentieth and last king of Judah, son of Josiah and Hamutal, and uncle to Jeconiah his predecessor, 2Ki 24:17,19 Jer 52:1. When Nebuchadnezzar took Jerusalem, he carried Jeconiah to Babylon, with his wives, children, officers, and the best artificers in Judea, and put in his place his uncle Mattaniah, whose name he changed to Zedekiah, and made him promise with an oath that he would maintain fidelity to him. He was twenty-one years old when he began to reign at Jerusalem, and he reigned there eleven years. He did evil in the sight of the Lord, committing the same crimes as Jehoiakim, 2Ki 24:18-20 2Ch 36:11-13. Compare
the Lord is my justice; the justice of the Lord