Joshua 19:38 — Word Study
WLCוְיִרְאוֹן֙ וּמִגְדַּל־ אֵ֔ל חֳרֵ֥ם וּבֵית־ עֲנָ֖ת וּבֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ עָרִ֥ים תְּשַֽׁע־ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃
BSAIronYirʼôwn△ [a place of fearing] Migdal-elMigdal-ʼÊl [tower of God] HoremChŏrêm△ [a sacred place] Beth-anathBêyth ʻĂnâth [house of response or affliction] and Beth-shemeshBêyth Shemesh [house of the sun or sun-temple] [There were] nineteentêshaʻ [nine and ten] citiesʻîyr along with their villageschâtsêr [surrounding settlements]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְיִרְאוֹן֙ | and Yiron | Conjunction, noun proper |
| וּמִגְדַּל־ | and Migdal | Conjunction, noun proper |
| אֵ֔ל | El | Noun proper |
| חֳרֵ֥ם | Horem | Noun proper |
| וּבֵית־ | and Beth | Conjunction, noun proper |
| עֲנָ֖ת | Anath | Noun proper |
| וּבֵ֣ית | and Beth | Conjunction, noun proper |
| שָׁ֑מֶשׁ | Shemesh | Noun proper |
| עָרִ֥ים | cities | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| תְּשַֽׁע־ | nine- | Adj |
| עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה | teen | |
| וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃ | and villages their | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Iron, Migdal-el, Horem, Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh. There were nineteen cities, along with their villages. |
| KJV | And Iron, and Migdal-el, Horem, and Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh; nineteen cities with their villages. |
| ASV | and Iron, and Migdal-el, Horem, and Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh; nineteen cities with their villages. |
| YLT | and Iron, and Migdal-El, Horem, and Beth-Anath, and Beth-Shemesh; nineteen cities and their villages. |
| WEB | Iron, Migdal El, Horem, Beth Anath, and Beth Shemesh; nineteen cities with their villages. |
| BBE | And Iron and Migdal-el, Horem and Beth-anath and Beth-shemesh; nineteen towns with their unwalled places. |
The translations agree on the naming of the cities, with no significant differences noted in how יִרְאוֹן is rendered.
The structure presents a list of cities followed by a summary of their total count and the inclusion of villages.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
2 of 12 occur nowhere else in the Old Testament — words chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Joshua 19:38
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Cities of Naphtaligenerated
Joshua 19:38 lists several cities allocated to the tribe of Naphtali, which is one of the twelve tribes of Israel. This allocation is part of the broader context of land distribution among the tribes in the Promised Land. The cities mentioned serve as geographical markers and reflect the heritage and settlement patterns of the tribe.
Cross References
The Key Word — יִרְאוֹן, ve.yir.'Ongenerated
The name יִרְאוֹן (yir.on) is a proper noun referring to a city in the territory of Naphtali. Its root suggests a connection to 'fearfulness,' indicating a place that may have had a significant cultural or historical context.
The parsing indicates that it is a noun proper, showing that it is a specific location rather than a general concept. The presence of the conjunction in the verse links it to other cities, emphasizing its role within the list of settlements.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
In the Berean Standard Bible, the term is rendered as Yiron, which is consistent across translations like the KJV and ASV.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main clause of the verse lists the cities, with the finite verb 'were' implied in the structure. The cities are presented in a series, with the final count of nineteen cities and their villages forming a concluding statement.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the cities themselves, leading with the geographical names before summarizing the total count, which is a common structure in biblical lists.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יִרְאוֹן as κερωε, which may indicate a different understanding or interpretation of the city's significance. This choice could reflect a broader meaning or cultural context that the Greek translators were addressing.
This translation choice suggests a possible nuance in understanding the city's role or characteristics as perceived by the Greek-speaking audience.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Joshua 19:38 lists the cities of Iron, Migdal-el, Horem, Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh, totaling nineteen cities along with their villages. This allocation highlights the territory of the tribe of Naphtali.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
These cities represent the inheritance of the tribe of Naphtali and their settlement in the Promised Land.
Yiron means 'fearing' in Hebrew, indicating a possible cultural or historical significance.
The verse states there are nineteen cities along with their villages.
Beth-anath means 'house of response or affliction,' reflecting its role in the community.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What do the names of these cities tell us about the culture of the tribe of Naphtali?
- How can understanding the geographical distribution of these cities enhance our reading of the biblical narrative?
- In what ways do the meanings of these city names reflect the historical context of the Israelites?
- How does the allocation of cities among the tribes illustrate God's promises to His people?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Joshua 19:38 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd Iron,.... Of Iron no mention is made elsewhere; and Migdalel, which Jerom calls Magdiel, he says (m) was shown a small village, five miles from Dara, as you go to Ptolemais; and Horem is not
Read John Gill on Joshua 19 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd Iron, and Migdal-el, Horem, and Bethanath, and Beth-she'mesh; nineteen cities with their villages. Iron , [Septuagint, Kerooe].
Read Robert Jamieson on Joshua 19 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleNineteen cities: See Poole "", See Poole "", See Poole "".
Read Matthew Poole on Joshua 19 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(38) Migdal-el and Horem are identified as Kh.-Mujeidil and Hârah on sheet 2, further north again; and Beth-anath as ‘Ainatha (sheet 4).
Read Charles John Ellicott on Joshua 19 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 38. Nineteen cities] But if these cities be separately enumerated they amount to twenty-three; this is probably occasioned by reckoning frontier cities belonging to other tribes, which are only mentioned here as the boundaries of the tribe. See Clarke on Joshua 19:30.
Read AdamClarke on Joshua 19 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges38. Iron] has not been identified. Migdal-el has been by some supposed to be the Magdala of Mat 15:39, the place of which is now occupied by a miserable collection of hovels known as el-Mejdel, on the western side of the Lake of Gennesareth, and at the S. E. corner of the plain. Neither Horem, Beth-anath, nor Beth-shemesh has at present been identified.
Read Cambridge on Joshua 19 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible38. Iron is probably the modern Yaron, ten miles west of Lake Merom.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Joshua 19 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Iron, Migdal-el, Horem, Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh. There were nineteen cities, along with their villages.
Iron, Migdal El, Horem, Beth Anath, and Beth Shemesh; nineteen cities with their villages.
Iron, Migdal-el, Horem, Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh. There were nineteen cities, along with their villages.
Yiron, Migdal El, Horem, Beth Anath, and Beth Shemesh. In all they had nineteen cities and their towns.
Tyndale line
And Iron, and Migdal-el, Horem, and Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh; nineteen cities with their villages.
and Iron, and Migdal-el, Horem, and Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh; nineteen cities with their villages.
And Iron, and Migdal-el, Horem, and Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh; nineteen cities with their villages.
And Iron, and Migdal-el, Horem, and Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh; nineteen cities with their villages.
And Iron, and Migdal-el, Horem, and Beth-anah, and Beth-shemesh: nineteene cities with their villages.
Strictly literal
and Jiron, and Migdal-el, Horem, and Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh: nineteen cities and their hamlets.
and Iron, and Migdal-El, Horem, and Beth-Anath, and Beth-Shemesh; nineteen cities and their villages.
and Iron, and Migdal-El, Horem, and Beth-Anath, and Beth-Shemesh; nineteen cities and their villages.
And Yiron, and Migdal-el, Chorem, and Beth-'anath, and Beth-shemesh: nineteen cities with their villages.
There were also Yiron, Migdal El, Horem, Beth Anath, and Beth Shemesh. There were nineteen cities, including their villages.
From the Latin
And Jeron and Magdalel, Herem, and Bethanath and Bethsames: nineteen cities, and their villages.
Simplified
Yiron, Migdal-el, Horem, Beth-anath, and Beth-shemesh—nineteen towns with their associated villages.
And Iron and Migdal-el, Horem and Beth-anath and Beth-shemesh; nineteen towns with their unwalled places.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text lists the cities as וְיִרְאוֹן וּמִגְדַּל־אֵ֔ל חֳרֵ֥ם וּבֵית־עֲנָ֖ת וּבֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ, while the Septuagint matches only five of the twelve words, indicating a partial correspondence. The differences in word order and article usage reflect the distinct linguistic structures of Hebrew and Greek.
וְיִרְאוֹן֙ וּמִגְדַּל־ אֵ֔ל חֳרֵ֥ם וּבֵית־ עֲנָ֖ת וּבֵ֣ית שָׁ֑מֶשׁ עָרִ֥ים תְּשַֽׁע־ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה וְחַצְרֵיהֶֽן׃
5 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Joshua 19:38
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
יִרְאוֹן (yir.on) refers to a city in the territory of Naphtali, mentioned in Joshua 19:38. The name is derived from the root meaning 'fearfulness.' There is a note that it may also be associated with the place name Iron.
יִרְאוֹן n.pr.loc. city in Naphtali Jos 19:38
ref
H3375 יִרְאוֹן
3375 Yirown yir-ohn'
from 3372; fearfulness; Jiron, a place in Pal: -Iron.
see HEBREW for 03372
יִרְאוֹן (yir.on) — Yiron.
§ Iron = "fearing"
a city of Naphtali
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
מִגְדַּל־אֵל n.pr. (tower of God) stronghold in Naphtali Jos 19:38 prob. = Μαγδαλά Matt 15:39 = Mejdel in the plain of Gennesareth
ref
H4027 מִגְדַּל־אֵל
4027 Migdal-'El mig-dal-ale'
from 4026 and 410; tower of God; Migdal-El, a place in
Palestine:--Migdal-el.
see HEBREW for 04026
see HEBREW for 0410
מִגְדַּל־אֵל (mig.dal-el) — Migdal-el.
§ Migdal-el = "tower of God"
one of the fortified towns in Naphtali
N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
מִגְדַּל־אֵל n.pr. (tower of God) stronghold in Naphtali Jos 19:38 prob. = Μαγδαλά Matt 15:39 = Mejdel in the plain of Gennesareth
ref
H4027 מִגְדַּל־אֵל
4027 Migdal-'El mig-dal-ale'
from 4026 and 410; tower of God; Migdal-El, a place in
Palestine:--Migdal-el.
see HEBREW for 04026
see HEBREW for 0410
מִגְדַּל־אֵל (mig.dal-el) — Migdal-el.
§ Migdal-el = "tower of God"
one of the fortified towns in Naphtali
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
See GOD, NAMES OF.
Strength, one of the names of God, especially in poetry,
Ge 33:18-20. It is very often found in proper names, as Bethel, Daniel, Elijah, etc. Eloi, like Eli, means, My God.
חֳרֵם (Chorem) refers to a location in the tribe of Naphtali, described as 'sacred.' It is mentioned in Joshua 19:38, but its exact location remains unidentified. The word is derived from a root meaning 'devoted,' indicating a connection to sacredness.
חֳרֵם n.pr.loc. (sacred)—a place in tribe of Naphtali Jos 19:38 (P); not identified.
ref
H2765 חֳרֵם
2765 Chorem khor-ame'
from 2763; devoted; Chorem, a place in Palestine:--Horem.
see HEBREW for 02763
חֳרֵם (cho.rem) — Horem.
§ Horem = "sacred"
one of the fortified towns in Naphtali
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
ho'-rem (chorem, "consecrated"): One of the fenced cities in the territory of Naphtali (Jos 19:38), named with Iron and Migdal-el. It may possibly be identified with the modern Hurah, which lies on a mound at the South end of Wady el-`Ain, to the West of Qedes.
Horem
Consecrated, one of the fenced cities of Naphtali (Josh. 19:38).
(sacred), one of the fortified places in the territory of Naphtali; named with Iron and Migdalel. (Joshua 19:38) Van Deuteronomy Velde suggests Hurah as the site of Horem.
an offering dedicated to God
בֵּית־עֲנָת (Beyth `Anath) refers to a location in Naphtali, known as Beth-anath, which translates to 'house of response (or affliction).' It is noted as an orthographical variation of another term (H1042) and is mentioned in the context of places in Palestine.
בֵּית־עֲנָת n.pr.loc. in Naphtali
base
H1043 בֵּית־עֲנָת
1043 Beyth `Anath bayth an-awth'
an orthographical variation for 1042; Beth-Anath, a place in
Palestine:--Beth-anath.
see HEBREW for 01042
בֵּית־עֲנָת (bet a.nat) — Beth-anath.
§ Beth-anath = "house of response (or affliction)"
a place in Naphtali
N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
Beth
Occurs frequently as the appellation for a house, or dwelling-place, in such compounds as the words immediately following:
the most general word for a house or habitation. It has the special meaning of a temple or house of worship Beth is more frequently employed in compound names of places than any other word.
House, forms a part of many compounds names of places, and sometimes means the place or dwelling; and at others the temple. This word becomes Beit in modern Arabic.
בֵּית־עֲנָת (Beyth `Anath) refers to a location in Naphtali, known as Beth-anath, which translates to 'house of response (or affliction).' It is noted as an orthographical variation of another term (H1042) and is mentioned in the context of places in Palestine.
בֵּית־עֲנָת n.pr.loc. in Naphtali
base
H1043 בֵּית־עֲנָת
1043 Beyth `Anath bayth an-awth'
an orthographical variation for 1042; Beth-Anath, a place in
Palestine:--Beth-anath.
see HEBREW for 01042
בֵּית־עֲנָת (bet a.nat) — Beth-anath.
§ Beth-anath = "house of response (or affliction)"
a place in Naphtali
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
a'-nath (`anath): Father of Shamgar (Jud 3:31; 5:6). This name is connected with the Phoenician and Canaanite goddess `Anat, which was also worshipped in Egypt. She is mentioned in monuments of the 18th Dynasty, coupled with the war- goddess Astart (Moore, Judges, 105-896; DB; EB).
Anath
An answer; i.e., to “prayer”, the father of Shamgar, who was one of the judges of Israel (Judg. 3:31).
(answer), father of Shamgar. (Judges 3:31; 5:6)
→ Father of Shamgar Jud 3:31
בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (Beyth Shemesh) means 'house of the sun' and refers to several locations, including towns in Judah, Issachar, and Naphtali, as well as Heliopolis in Egypt. It is built from the words for 'house' and 'sun.' The entries consistently describe it as a sun-temple or related to sun worship.
בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ n.pr.loc. (sun-temple)
city in SW. Judah
city in Naphtali
city in Issachar
= On-Heliopolis, in Egypt
base
H1053 בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ
1053 Beyth Shemesh bayth sheh'-mesh
from 1004 and 8121; house of (the) sun; Beth-Shemesh, a place
in Palestine:--Beth-shemesh.
see HEBREW for 01004
see HEBREW for 08121
בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Beth-shemesh.
§ Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"
a town in southwest Judah
בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Beth-shemesh.
§ Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"
a town in Issachar
בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Beth-shemesh.
§ Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"
a town in Naphtali
בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Heliopolis.
Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"
a town in Egypt
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
N-proper — Conjunction · noun properHC/Npl
Beth
Occurs frequently as the appellation for a house, or dwelling-place, in such compounds as the words immediately following:
the most general word for a house or habitation. It has the special meaning of a temple or house of worship Beth is more frequently employed in compound names of places than any other word.
House, forms a part of many compounds names of places, and sometimes means the place or dwelling; and at others the temple. This word becomes Beit in modern Arabic.
בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (Beyth Shemesh) means 'house of the sun' and refers to several locations, including towns in Judah, Issachar, and Naphtali, as well as Heliopolis in Egypt. It is built from the words for 'house' and 'sun.' The entries consistently describe it as a sun-temple or related to sun worship.
בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ n.pr.loc. (sun-temple)
city in SW. Judah
city in Naphtali
city in Issachar
= On-Heliopolis, in Egypt
base
H1053 בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ
1053 Beyth Shemesh bayth sheh'-mesh
from 1004 and 8121; house of (the) sun; Beth-Shemesh, a place
in Palestine:--Beth-shemesh.
see HEBREW for 01004
see HEBREW for 08121
בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Beth-shemesh.
§ Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"
a town in southwest Judah
בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Beth-shemesh.
§ Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"
a town in Issachar
בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Beth-shemesh.
§ Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"
a town in Naphtali
בֵּית שֶׁ֫מֶשׁ (bet she.mesh) — Heliopolis.
Beth-shemesh = "house of the sun" or "sun-temple"
a town in Egypt
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
The Hebrew word עִיר (*'iyr*) has meanings related to both excitement and city. It can denote excitement, particularly of terror or rage, as well as refer to a city or town, indicating a place that is guarded or inhabited. The entries suggest a broad application, from fortified cities to simple encampments. There is a specific mention of a man named Ir in 1 Chronicles 4:12.
עִיר n.[m.] excitement;—of terror; of rage
base
עִיר 1092 n.f. city, town
city, town, abode of men
of fortress in a city
appar. fortified place, of any size
base
H5892a עִיר excitement;—of terror; of rage H5892b עִיר city, town . city, town, abode of men
. of fortress in a city
. appar. fortified place, of any size
5892 `iyr eer
or (in the plural) par {awr}; or ayar (Judges 10:4)
{aw-yar'}; from 5782 a city (a place guarded by waking or a
watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or
post):--Ai (from margin), city, court (from margin), town.
see HEBREW for 05782
עִיר (ir) — excitement.
1) excitement, anguish
1a) of terror
עִיר (ir) — city.
1) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town (a place of waking, guarded)
1a) city, town
עִיר (ir) — City (of On).
Combined with on (אֹן "On" H0204)
This name means city, town
Another name of on (אֹן "On" H0204)
עִיר (ir) — Ir-.
#A man of the tribe of Judah living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.4.12;
son of: Tehinnah (H8468)
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
The earliest notice in Scripture of city-building is of Enoch by Cain, in the land of his exile. (Genesis 4:17) After the confusion of tongues the descendants of Nimrod founded Babel, Erech, Accad and Calneh, in the land of Shinar, and Asshur, a branch from the same stock, built Nineveh, Rehoboth-by-the-river, Calah and Resen, the last being "a great city." The earliest description of a city, properly so called, is that of Sodom, (Genesis 19:1-22) Even before the time of Abraham there were cities in Egypt, (Genesis 12:14,15; Numbers 13:22) and the Israelites, during their sojourn there, were employed in building or fortifying the "treasure cities" of Pithom and Raamses.…
תֵּ֫שַׁע (tesha`) means 'nine' and can refer to both the cardinal and ordinal forms of the number. It may also appear in combination with other numbers. The word is possibly derived from the idea of turning towards the next full number, ten.
תֵּ֫שַׁע, תִּשְׁעָה 58 n.m. et f. a nine, nonad
base
H8672 תֵּ֫שַׁע, תִּשְׁעָה nine, nonad
8672 tesha` tay'-shah
or (masculine) tishtah {tish-aw'}; perhaps from 8159 through
the idea of a turn to the next or full number ten; nine or
(ord.) ninth:--nine (+ -teen, + -teenth, -th).
see HEBREW for 08159
תֵּ֫שַׁע (te.sah) — nine.
1) nine, nonad
1a) nine (as cardinal number)
1b) ninth (as ordinal number)
1c) in combination with other numbers
Adj — AdjHAcbsc
עָשָׂר (asar) means 'ten' and is used exclusively in combination with other numbers to form the teen numbers (11-19), both as cardinal and ordinal forms. The entries indicate that it is derived from another Hebrew root, but do not elaborate on its etymology.
עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה ten, only after units to make num. 11-19, both cardinal and ordinal
base
H6240 עָשָׂר, עֶשְׂרֵה ten, only after units to make num. 11-19, both cardinal and ordinal
6240 `asar aw-sawr'
for 6235; ten (only in combination), i.e. -teen; also
(ordinal) -teenth:--(eigh-, fif-, four-, nine-, seven-,
six-, thir-)teen(-th), + eleven(-th), + sixscore thousand, +
twelve(-th).
see HEBREW for 06235
עָשָׂר (a.sar) — ten.
1) ten, -teen (in combination with other numbers)
1a) used only in combination to make the numbers 11-19
HAcbsa — HAcbsa
חָצֵר (chatser) refers to an enclosure or court, and can also mean a settled abode, settlement, or village, typically appearing in the plural form חֲצֵרִים. The word is derived from a root meaning to enclose, indicating spaces that are surrounded by walls or fences.
חָצֵר 145 n.m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court
base
[חָצֵר] 46 n.m. settled abode, settlement, village—always pl. abs. חֲצֵרִים
base
H2691a חָצֵר n. m. and (oftener) f. enclosure, court H2691b חָצֵר settled abode, settlement, village—always pl. abs. חֲצֵרִים
2691 chatser khaw-tsare'
(masculine and feminine); from 2690 in its original sense; a
yard (as inclosed by a fence); also a hamlet (as similarly
surrounded with walls):--court, tower, village.
see HEBREW for 02690
חָצֵר (cha.tser) — court.
1) court, enclosure
1a) enclosures
1b) court
חָצֵר (cha.tser) — village.
settled abode, settlement, village, town
Conj | N-cp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp3fp