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Job 38:32 — Word Study

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WLCהֲתֹצִ֣יא מַזָּר֣וֹת בְּעִתּ֑וֹ וְ֝עַ֗יִשׁ עַל־ בָּנֶ֥יהָ תַנְחֵֽם׃

BSACan you bring forthyâtsâʼ [lead out, guide] the constellationsmazzârâh [Mazzaroth, the zodiac] in their seasonsʻêth [at the right time, in their appointed order] or lead outnâchâh [guide, direct] the BearʻAyish [Arcturus, Ursa Major] andʻal her cubsbên [sons, offspring]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 38
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 32 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (tan.Chem) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 38:32quick helps
In a sentenceJob questions whether anyone can control the stars and constellations.
Who is speakingGod, speaking to Job.
Where we areGod's response to Job's inquiries about divine wisdom.
The hard wordמַזָּרוֹת
Take awayThe constellations follow their appointed times, which are beyond human control.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 7 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 38:32

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — God's Challenge to Jobgenerated

31Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades or loosen the belt of Orion?
32Can you bring forth the constellations in their seasons or lead out the Bear and her cubs?
33Do you know the laws of the heavens? Can you set their dominion over the earth?
34Can you command the clouds so that a flood of water covers you?

Job 38:32 is part of God's response to Job, where He challenges Job's understanding of creation and the cosmos. God asks Job if he can command the stars and constellations, illustrating the vast difference between divine power and human limitations. This chapter emphasizes God's sovereignty over the universe and the mysteries of creation, which Job cannot fathom.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
12 Kings 23:5Josiah also did away with the idolatrous priests ordained by the kings of Judah to burn incense on the high places of the cities of Judah and in the places all around Jerusalem—those who had burned incense to Baal, to the sun and moon, to the constellations, and to all the host of heaven.
2Job 9:9He is the Maker of the Bear and Orion, of the Pleiades and the constellations of the south.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

Mazzaroth2 Kings 23:5
guide ArcturusJob 9:9

The Key Word יָצָא, ha.to.Tzi'generated

The verb יָצָא (yatsa') means 'to go out' or 'to come out'. In this context, it is used in the Hiphil form, indicating an active role in leading out or guiding. The question posed here emphasizes the impossibility of human beings directing celestial bodies, which are under God's authority.

The usage of this verb in Job 38:32 highlights the grandeur of God's creation, as He alone has the power to command the constellations and their movements.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb תֹצִ֣יא (to lead out) governs the sentence, with two clauses following it: one asking about the constellations and the other about the Bear and her cubs. The structure emphasizes the parallelism in questioning God's creative authority over both the stars and the animals.

The use of prepositional phrases and noun phrases throughout the verse creates a rhythm that highlights the vastness of creation, contrasting human limitations with divine capability.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יָצָא as διανοίχεις (you open), which suggests a broader interpretation of leading or guiding. This choice indicates an understanding of divine authority to not only lead out but also to reveal or make known the mysteries of the cosmos.

The translation of מַזָּרוֹת is not directly noted, but the overall emphasis remains on God's control over the celestial realm.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 38:32 asks if anyone can control the stars and constellations, specifically the Bear and her young. This highlights God's power and the limits of human understanding in the face of divine creation.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to bring forth the constellations?

It refers to the ability to control or direct the stars and their movements, which is something only God can do.

What is the significance of the Bear mentioned in this verse?

The Bear, or Ursa Major, represents a constellation that is part of God's creation, emphasizing His sovereignty over the cosmos.

Why does God ask Job these questions?

God uses these questions to illustrate Job's limitations in understanding the universe and to affirm His own power as the Creator.

How does this verse relate to the theme of divine authority?

This verse underscores the theme of divine authority by showing that only God has the power to command the celestial bodies and their movements.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what areas of my life do I struggle to acknowledge God's authority over creation?
  2. How can I better appreciate the complexity and order of the universe as part of God's design?
  3. What does this verse teach me about my own limitations in understanding God's plans?
  4. How can I respond to the majesty of God's creation in my daily life?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers, such as Gregory the Dialogist, reference this verse to discuss God's authority in creation, particularly regarding celestial bodies.

Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book XXIX c. 540–604
Dost thou bring forth the morning star at its time, and dost thou make the evening star to rise over the sons of earth? For the Father brought forth the morning star in his season, because, as it is written;
Early Church Fathers on Job 38 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 38:32 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season?.... Which are thought to be the same with "the chambers of the south", Job 9:9; the southern pole (m) with its stars, signified by chambers, because

Read John Gill on Job 38 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons?

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 38 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Canst thou bring forth to wit, into view? canst thou make him to arise and appear in thy hemisphere? Mazzaroth; by which he designs either, 1. All the constellations, and especially the twelve sign of the zodiac; or rather 2. Some particular constellation, as all the rest here mentioned are understood. But whether this be that which is called the chambers of the south, , or the Dog Star, or some other visible in Job’ s country, but not in ours we may be safely and contentedly ignorant, seeing even the Hebrew doctors are not agreed therein. Arcturus; a northern constellation, of which See Poole "". With his sons, to wit, the lesser stars which belong to it, and are placed round about it, and…

Read Matthew Poole on Job 38 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 38:32 Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons?Ver. 32. Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth?] Or, the twelve signs; or the southern stars that bring in summer. Lucifer, some render it; others, the Hyades, and others again every one of the stars or signs. It is like it was some one star very well known in those days, as were likewise the rest here mentioned, and put for the four seasons of the year. Or canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons?] Or, Bootes with his wain (those northern stars), or, Autumn with the yearly fruits, the gift and work of God alone. Of Arcturus, Jerome observeth, that semper versatur, nunquam mergitur; this is most…

Read John Trapp on Job 38 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(32) Mazzaroth is commonly understood to mean the signs of the Zodiac, and by the children of Arc-turus the three stars in the tail of Ursa Major.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 38 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 32. Mazzaroth in his season?] This is generally understood to mean the signs of the zodiac. מזרות Mazzaroth, according to Parkhurst, comes from מזר mazar, to corrupt; and he supposes it to mean that pestilential wind in Arabia, called simoom, the season of which is the summer heats.

Read AdamClarke on Job 38 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

32. canst thou bring forth] Rather, dost thou …? and similarly, dost thou guide? The meaning of Mazzaroth is uncertain. The word has been supposed to be another form of Mazzaloth, 2 Kings 23:5, which is thought to mean the signs of the Zodiac. The connexion as well as the parallelism of the next clause suggests that some single star or constellation is meant. Others would render the bright stars; the planets, perhaps, or some of them being referred to. Arcturus with his sons] Or, the bear with her young. The reference is supposed to be to the constellation of the Great Bear. Her “young” are the stars that project from the square; or, taking the popular conception of the constellation as a…

Read Cambridge on Job 38 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? - Margin, “the twelve signs;” that is, the twelve signs of the zodiac. There has been much diversity of opinion about the meaning of this word.

Read Albert Barnes on Job 38 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Can you bring forth the constellations in their seasons or lead out the Bear and her cubs?

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Can you lead the constellations out in their season? Or can you guide the Bear with her cubs?

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Can you bring forth the constellations in their seasons or lead out the Bear and her cubs?

NETBNew English Translation2006

Can you lead out the constellations in their seasons, or guide the Bear with its cubs?

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in his season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with his sons?

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Canst thou lead forth the Mazzaroth in their season? Or canst thou guide the Bear with her train?

RVARevised Version, American1894

Canst thou lead forth the Mazzaroth in their season? or canst thou guide the Bear with her train?

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Canst thou bring forth Mazzaroth in its season? or canst thou guide Arcturus with its sons?

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Canst thou bring foorth Mazzaroth in their time? canst thou also guide Arcturus with his sonnes?

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Dost thou bring forth the constellations each in its season? or dost thou guide the Bear with her sons?

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Dost thou bring out Mazzaroth in its season? And Aysh for her sons dost thou comfort?

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Do you bring out the twelve signs in [their] season? And do you comfort the Great Bear over her sons?

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

Canst thou bring forth the constellations of the zodiac, each in its season? or canst thou guide the Bear with its young?

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Can you lead the constellations to appear at their proper times? Can you guide the Bear with its children?

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Canst thou bring forth the day star in its time, and make the evening star to rise upon the children of the earth?

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Can you guide the stars of Mazzaroth at the right time? Can you direct the Great Bear constellation and its other stars?

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Do you make Mazzaroth come out in its right time, or are the Bear and its children guided by you?

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseהֲwillclauseclauseverbתֹצִ֣יאyou.lead.out?objectמַזָּר֣וֹת[the].constellationsprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּatnoun phraseעִתּ֑its.appropriateוֹtimeוְ֝and.[the]clausenoun phraseעַ֗יִשׁBearprepositional phraseעַלwithnoun phraseבָּנֶ֥יonesהָits.youngclauseverbתַנְחֵֽwillobjectםyou.guide.them?

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in content, with six out of seven words matching. The differences lie primarily in the structure and word order, reflecting the distinct linguistic styles of Hebrew and Greek.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

הֲתֹצִ֣יא מַזָּר֣וֹת בְּעִתּ֑וֹ וְ֝עַ֗יִשׁ עַל־ בָּנֶ֥יהָ תַנְחֵֽם׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
הֲתֹצִ֣יאδιανοίχειςבְּעִתּ֑וֹαὐτοῦוְ֝עַ֗יִשׁἕσπερονעַל־ἐπὶבָּנֶ֥יהָαὐτοῦתַנְחֵֽם׃αὐτά

6 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 38:32יָצָא¿ will you ¿ will you leadיָצָאמַזָּרוֹת[the] const[the] constellaמַזָּרוֹתעֵתat appropriat appropriate עֵתעַ֫יִשׁand [the] Band [the] Bearעַ֫יִשׁעַלwithwithעַלבֵּןyoung ones young ones itsבֵּןנָחָהwill you guwill you guide?נָחָהנָזַרto dedicatto dedicateנָזַרעַדperpetuityperpetuityעַדעוּשׁעוּשׁבָּנָהto buildto buildבָּנָהעַלheightheightעַלקָרָאto encountto encounter: mקָרָאגּוֹרָלallottedallottedגּוֹרָלמָחָרtomorrowtomorrowמָחָרכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּאעַמּוֹןAmmonAmmonעַמּוֹןרְאוּבֵןReubenReubenרְאוּבֵןמִישׁוֹרplainplainמִישׁוֹריוֹמָםby dayby dayיוֹמָם
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 38:32

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

¿ will you lead out [the] constellations at appropriate time its and [the] Bear with young ones its will you guide? them
הֲתֹצִ֣יאha.to.Tzi' ¿ will you lead out H3318 Particle · verb hiphil imperfect second person masculine singular
1,067× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to go out or come out, and it's used in many different ways, like leaving a place or starting a new journey, as seen in Genesis and Exodus.
Amplified meaning
lead out, guide
Tyndale gloss
to come out: come
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָצָא (yatsa') is a Hebrew verb meaning to go or come out, with various applications including departure, escape, and emergence. It can refer to both animate and inanimate subjects and emphasizes the idea of origin or source. The verb appears in different forms, such as Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating actions like leading out or being brought forth.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָצָא 1068 vb. go or come out

Qal

go or come out or forth

from (מִן) a place

go forth from (the presence of) a person

in technical senses

of flight, involving escape

depart

of inanimate things

with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source

of children as going forth from loins (of father)

go forth to a place

go forward, proceed to or toward something

come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result

of combinations

Hiph.

cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.

bring out animals

inanimate obj.

fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)

Hoph. be brought forth

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3318 יָצָא go or come out .. go or come out or forth . from (מִן) a place

. go forth from (the presence of) a person

. in technical senses

. of flight, involving escape

. depart

. of inanimate things

. with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source

. of children as going forth from loins (of father)

. . go forth to a place

. go forward, proceed to or toward something

. come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result

. of combinations

. . cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

. fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.

. bring out animals

. inanimate obj.

. fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)

. be brought forth

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3318 yatsa' yaw-tsaw'

a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great

variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct

and proxim.:--X after, appear, X assuredly, bear out, X

begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come

(abroad, out, thereat, without), + be condemned,

depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact,

fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence,

out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out),

going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out,

lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, X

scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring

out, stand out, X still, X surely, take forth (out), at any

time, X to (and fro), utter.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: come.

: come/go_out/escape

1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart

1a2) to go forth (to a place)

1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)

1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)

1a5) to come out of

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

1b2) to bring out of

1b3) to lead out

1b4) to deliver

1c) (Hophal) to be brought out or forth

יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: send.

: send/take_out/release

1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart

1a2) to go forth (to a place)

1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)

1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)

1a5) to come out of

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

1b2) to bring out of

1b3) to lead out

1b4) to deliver

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Part | V-Hiphil-Imperf-2ms — Particle · verb hiphil imperfect second person masculine singular
HTi/Vhi2ms
¿ will you lead out [the] constellations at appropriate time its and [the] Bear with young ones its will you guide? them
מַזָּר֣וֹתma.za.Rot [the] constellations H4216 Noun
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Mazzaroth is a Hebrew word that refers to the constellations in the sky, possibly the zodiac. It is used in the Bible to describe the stars and their patterns.
Amplified meaning
Mazzaroth, the zodiac
Tyndale gloss
Mazzaroth
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַזָּרוֹת (mazzaroth) refers to the twelve signs of the Zodiac and their associated constellations. It is derived from a root meaning distinction and appears in the plural form, specifically in Job 38:32. There is some debate among lexicons about whether it refers to a particular star or constellation.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מַזָּרוֹת n.[f.]pl. prob. = מַזָּלוֹת q.v. supr. only Jb 38:32, where treated as ms., and perh. understood of some particular star or constellation.

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4216 מַזָּרוֹת, מַזָּרָה

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4216 mazzarah maz-zaw-raw'

apparently from 5144 in the sense of distinction; some noted

constellation (only in the plural), perhaps collectively, the

zodiac:--Mazzoroth. Compare 4208.

see HEBREW for 05144

see HEBREW for 04208

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַזָּרוֹת (maz.za.rah) — Mazzaroth.

1) Mazzaroth

1a) the 12 signs of the Zodiac and their 36 associated constellations

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun
HNtfpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

kon-ste-la'-shuns (kecilim, literally, "Orions").

See ASTRONOMY, sec. II, 11.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ General scriptures concerning Isa 13:10

→ The serpent Job 26:13

→ Orion Job 9:9; Am 5:8

→ See ASTRONOMY

¿ will you lead out [the] constellations at appropriate time its and [the] Bear with young ones its will you guide? them
בְּעִתּ֑וֹbe.'i.To at appropriate time its H6256 Preposition · noun common both singular construct · suffix
296× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Eth means time, especially now or when, and can refer to an event, experience, or occasion. It is often used to describe a specific moment or period.
Amplified meaning
at the right time, in their appointed order
Tyndale gloss
time
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֵת (eth) means 'time,' covering various aspects such as the time of an event, a usual time, or an appointed time. It can also refer to experiences or occurrences. The entries suggest it can denote both specific and uncertain times, but they do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עֵת 297 n.f. time

time of an event

= usual time

proper, suitable time

appointed time

as uncertain

= experience, fortunes

occurrence, occasion

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6256 עֵת time . time of an event

. . = usual time

. proper, suitable time

. appointed time

. as uncertain

. = experience, fortunes

. occurrence, occasion

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6256 `eth ayth

from 5703; time, especially (adverb with preposition) now,

when, etc.:--+ after, (al-)ways, X certain, + continually, +

evening, long, (due) season, so (long) as, (even-, evening-,

noon-)tide, ((meal-)), what) time, when.

see HEBREW for 05703

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֵת (et) — time.

1) time

1a) time (of an event)

1b) time (usual)

1c) experiences, fortunes

1d) occurrence, occasion

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-cs | Suff — Preposition · noun common both singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncbsc/Sp3ms
¿ will you lead out [the] constellations at appropriate time its and [the] Bear with young ones its will you guide? them
וְ֝עַ֗יִשׁve.'A.yish and [the] Bear H5906 Conjunction · noun
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for the constellation of the Great Bear, also known as Ursa Major or Arcturus, is used in the Bible to describe a group of stars in the night sky. It appears in job 9:9 and 38:32. The word is derived from the idea of migration through the heavens.
Amplified meaning
Arcturus, Ursa Major
Tyndale gloss
Bear
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עַ֫יִשׁ (Ayish) refers to the constellation known as the Great Bear or Ursa Major, and is possibly associated with the star Arcturus. The word is derived from a root meaning related to migration through the heavens. It appears in the context of celestial references.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עַ֫יִשׁ n.f. a constellation, perh. Great Bear

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5906 עַ֫יִשׁ, עָשׁ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5906 `Ayish ah'-yish

or mAsh {awsh}; from 5789; the constellation of the Great

Bear (perhaps from its migration through the heavens):--

Arcturus.

see HEBREW for 05789

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַ֫יִשׁ (a.yish) — Bear.

The constellation 1a) Great Bear, Ursa Major

1b) (TWOT) Arcturus

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun
HC/Ntfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

bar (dobh; compare Arabic dubb): In 1Sa 17:34-37, David tells Saul how as a shepherd boy he had overcome a lion and a bear. In 2Ki 2:24 it is related that two she bears came out of the wood and tore forty-two of the children who had been mocking Elisha. All the other references to bears are figurative; compare 2Sa 17:8; Pr 17:12; 28:15; Isa 11:7; 59:11; La 3:10; Da 7:5; Ho 13:8; Am 5:19;

Bear

A native of the mountain regions of Western Asia, frequently mentioned in Scripture. David defended his flocks against the attacks of a bear (1 Sam. 17:34-37). Bears came out of the wood and destroyed the children who mocked the prophet Elisha (2 Kings 2:24). Their habits are referred to in Isa. 59:11; Prov. 28:15; Lam. 3:10. The fury of the female bear when robbed of her young is spoken of (2 Sam. 17:8; Prov. 17:12; Hos. 13:8). In Daniel’s vision of the…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(1 Samuel 17:34; 2 Samuel 17:8) The Syrian bear, Ursus syriacus, which is without doubt the animal mentioned in the Bible, is still found on the higher mountains of Palestine. During the summer months these bears keep to the snowy parts of Lebanon, but descend in winter to the villages and Gardens. It is probable also that at this period in former days they extended their visits to other parts of Palestine.

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

That bears were common in Palestine appears from several passages in the Old Testament, 1Sa 17:34,36,37; 2Sa 17:8; 2Ki 2:24. The species known in Syria resembles the common brown bear; it is sill met in the recesses of Lebanon. To a sullen and ferocious disposition, the bear joins immense strength, considerable sagacity, and the power of climbing trees. Her ferocity, especially when her young are injured, is proverbial. See 2Sa 17:8; Pr 17:12; Isa 11:7; Ho 13:8.

¿ will you lead out [the] constellations at appropriate time its and [the] Bear with young ones its will you guide? them
עַל־'al- with H5921 Preposition
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

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Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

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Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep — Preposition
HR
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
¿ will you lead out [the] constellations at appropriate time its and [the] Bear with young ones its will you guide? them
בָּנֶ֥יהָba.Nei.ha young ones its H1121 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
4,943× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means a son or descendant, and can also refer to a grandson, nation, or quality. It appears in 1 Chronicles 24, describing a Levite named Beno. The word is used to show family relationships and inheritance.
Amplified meaning
sons, offspring
Tyndale gloss
son: child
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

בֵּן 4870 n.m. son

son, male child, born of a woman

children (male and female)

youth, young men

the young of animals

of plant shoots

fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

member of a guild, order or class

of animals son of (the) herd

ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

n. relat. of age

base

בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.

done

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman

. children (male and female)

. youth, young men

. the young of animals

. of plant shoots

. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows

. . member of a guild, order or class

. of animals son of (the) herd

. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.

. n. relat. of age

H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1121 ben bane

from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the

widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,

including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,

etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)

(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,

(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,

bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X

came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of

first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +

kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)

people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +

spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous

one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.

see HEBREW for 01129

see HEBREW for 01

see HEBREW for 0251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בֵּן (ben) — son: child.

: child/son

בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.

A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;

son of: Jaaziah (H3269);

brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)

§ Beno = "his son"

the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)

בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.

: descendant, people, tribe, nation

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : child/son

בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.

: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : descendant

בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.

: rebel/son(Belial)

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

§ : people/men/nation/tribe

בֵּן (ben) — son.

: [inheriting]son/heir

A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)

בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.

: warrior/son(strong)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3fs
¿ will you lead out [the] constellations at appropriate time its and [the] Bear with young ones its will you guide? them
תַנְחֵֽם׃tan.Chem will you guide? them H5148 Verb hiphil imperfect second person masculine singular · suffix
39× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To lead or guide is the meaning of this Hebrew word, which can also imply transporting people into exile or as colonists. It appears in various forms throughout the Bible, including in Exodus and 1 Kings, to describe leadership and migration.
Amplified meaning
guide, direct
Tyndale gloss
to lead
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָחָה (nachah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to lead or guide. It can imply bringing someone or something to a destination, governing, or even transporting into exile. The entries indicate its use in both the Qal and Hiphil forms, suggesting a range of meanings related to leadership and guidance.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָחָה] vb. lead, guide

Qal lead, bring

Hiph. lead, guide

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5148 נָחָה lead, guide

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5148 nachah naw-khaw'

a primitive root; to guide; by implication, to transport

(into exile, or as colonists):--bestow, bring, govern, guide,

lead (forth), put, straiten.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָחָה (na.chah) — to lead.

1) to lead, guide

1a) (Qal) to lead, bring

1b) (Hiphil) to lead, guide

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Hiphil-Imperf-2ms | Suff — Verb hiphil imperfect second person masculine singular · suffix
HVhi2ms/Sp3mp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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