Job 38:31 — Word Study
WLCהַֽ֭תְקַשֵּׁר מַעֲדַנּ֣וֹת כִּימָ֑ה אֽוֹ־ מֹשְׁכ֖וֹת כְּסִ֣יל תְּפַתֵּֽחַ׃
BSACan you bindqâshar▸ [tie together, restrain] the chainsmaʻădannâh [sweet influences, bonds] of the PleiadesKîymâh [a cluster of seven stars] orʼôw loosenpâthach▸ [release, open] the beltmôwshᵉkâh△ [cord, band] of OrionKᵉçîyl [a constellation]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| הַֽ֭תְקַשֵּׁר | ¿ will you bind on | Particle, verb piel imperfect second person masculine singular |
| מַעֲדַנּ֣וֹת | [the] bonds of | Noun common, feminine plural construct |
| כִּימָ֑ה | Pleiades | Noun |
| אֽוֹ־ | or? | Conjunction |
| מֹשְׁכ֖וֹת | [the] chains of | Noun common, feminine plural construct |
| כְּסִ֣יל | Orion | Noun |
| תְּפַתֵּֽחַ׃ | will you loosen | Verb, Piel, imperfect second person masculine singular |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades or loosen the belt of Orion? |
| KJV | Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion? |
| ASV | Canst thou bind the cluster of the Pleiades, Or loose the bands of Orion? |
| YLT | Dost thou bind sweet influences of Kimah? Or the attractions of Kesil dost thou open? |
| WEB | “Can you bind the cluster of the Pleiades, or loosen the cords of Orion? |
| BBE | Are the bands of the Pleiades fixed by you, or are the cords of Orion made loose? |
The translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse, focusing on the themes of binding and loosening celestial bodies.
The verse consists of a main clause followed by a subordinate clause, presenting a rhetorical question that emphasizes the contrast between the two actions.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbפָּתַח
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 7 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 38:31
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — God's Questions to Jobgenerated
Job 38:31 is part of a larger discourse where God challenges Job's understanding of creation and the universe. The questions posed highlight the vastness of God's power compared to human limitations. This section of Job emphasizes the mystery of divine wisdom and the natural order, reminding Job of his place in the grand scheme of creation.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Job 9:9 | He is the Maker of the Bear and Orion, of the Pleiades and the constellations of the south. |
| 2 | Amos 5:8 | He who made the Pleiades and Orion, who turns darkness into dawn and darkens day into night, who summons the waters of the sea and pours them over the face of the earth— the LORD is His name— |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — הַֽ֭תְקַשֵּׁר, Hat.ka.shergenerated
The verb קָשַׁר (qashar) means to bind or tie, and in this context, it suggests the act of restraining or controlling something. It is used in the piel form, indicating an active engagement in the act of binding. The word can also imply conspiracy or alliance, but here it focuses on the physical act of binding.
In Job 38:31, the question 'Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades?' emphasizes human inability to control celestial bodies, showcasing God's supreme authority over creation. The verb's usage here invites reflection on the limits of human power and understanding.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible as 'Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades or loosen the belt of Orion?'.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse contains two main clauses, each initiated by a finite verb: הַֽ֭תְקַשֵּׁר (will you bind) and תְּפַתֵּֽחַ (will you loosen). The structure presents a parallelism that emphasizes the contrast between binding and loosening.
The order of the Hebrew words places emphasis on the actions of binding and loosening, framing them as direct challenges to Job's understanding of his power over the cosmos.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates הַֽ֭תְקַשֵּׁר as δὲ, which suggests a continuation of thought rather than a direct correspondence in meaning. This choice reflects a different interpretative angle on the Hebrew text, focusing on the relational aspect of the dialogue.
The Greek rendering does not capture the full nuance of the Hebrew verb, which emphasizes the act of binding, indicating a potential interpretive shift in understanding the divine challenge presented to Job.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 38:31 asks if anyone can bind the chains of the Pleiades or loosen the belt of Orion. This verse highlights God's power over the stars and constellations, illustrating human limitations in understanding the cosmos. It serves as a reminder of the vastness of creation and the divine authority behind it.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The Pleiades is a cluster of seven stars in the night sky, often used as a navigational reference.
Orion is a prominent constellation that symbolizes strength and is often referenced in discussions about celestial order.
God's questions serve to illustrate Job's limitations and the vastness of divine power, challenging Job's understanding of creation.
This verse encapsulates the themes of divine sovereignty and human limitation, key elements in the dialogue between God and Job throughout the book.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I recognize the limits of my understanding in the face of nature's complexity?
- How can I reflect on the power of God as demonstrated in creation?
- What do the constellations teach us about God's order in the universe?
- How can I apply the lessons of humility and reverence from this verse in my daily life?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers have commented on Job's questions, discussing the nature of divine power and creation as integral to understanding God's relationship with the world.
Since in ordering the complexity of the world, Providence did not lack the collaboration of [divine] power, Job now enumerates those things that evidently are an integral part of the power of the Creator.Early Church Fathers on Job 38 →
Wilt thou be able to join together the shining stars, the Pleiades, or wilt thou be able to break up the circuit of Arcturus? [LITERAL INTERPRETATION] The stars Pleiades, are so called from plurality.Early Church Fathers on Job 38 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 38:31 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleCanst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades,.... Of which [See comments on Job 9:9]; and this constellation of the seven stars which is meant, rising in the spring, the pleasantnesses of the
Read John Gill on Job 38 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryCanst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 38 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleBind, i.e. restrain or hinder them. Canst thou bind or shut up the earth when they open it? The sweet influences; or, the delights; because this constellation by its benign and opening influences brings in the spring, the herbs and flowers, and other delights of the earth. Pleiades, called also the Seven Stars. Of this and the following constellation, see . The bands; by which it binds up the air and earth, by bringing storms of rain or hail, or frost and snow; and withal binds or seals the hands of workmen, as is noted, . Orion: this is another constellation, which riseth in November, and brings in winter. So the sense of the verse is, Thou canst not bind the earth when the one looseth or…
Read Matthew Poole on Job 38 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 38:31 Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?Ver. 31. Canst thou bind the sweet influences of the Pleiades] That is, restrain the pleasantness of the spring, or assuage the sharpness of winter, that cold and comfortless quarter? There is none beside God who can either forbid flowers to break forth in the springtime or else cause them to flourish in winter. The Pleiades (otherwise called Virgiliae and the hens, a verni temporis significatione) are the seven stars in the end of Aries. They are in Hebrew called Chimah, or Chamah, to love ardently, because of the fellowship and working together that appeareth in them. They have all one name, because…
Read John Trapp on Job 38 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(31) The sweet influences.—With reference to their supposed effect on weather and the like, or perhaps the word means chain or band, with allusion to their group—“Glitter like a swarm of fire-flies tangled in a silver braid.” The context, however, of “the bands of Orion” seems rather to favour the other view. “Canst thou regulate the influences exerted by these several constellations in either direction of increase or diminution?”
Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 38 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 31. Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades] The Pleiades are a constellation in the sign Taurus. They consist of six stars visible to the naked eye; to a good eye, in a clear night, seven are discernible; but with a telescope ten times the number may be readily counted. They make their appearance in the spring. Orion may be seen in the morning, towards the end of October, and is visible through November, December, and January; and hence, says Mr. Good, it becomes a correct and elegant synecdoche for the winter at large. The Pleiades are elegantly opposed to Orion, as the vernal renovation of nature is opposed to its wintry destruction; the mild and open benignity of spring…
Read AdamClarke on Job 38 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges4–38. A survey of the inanimate creation, the wonders of earth and sky—the earth, Job 38:4-18; the heavens, Job 38:18-38
Read Cambridge on Job 38 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleCanst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades? - The seven stars. On the meaning of the word used here (כימה kı̂ymâh), see the notes at Job 9:9.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 38 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades or loosen the belt of Orion?
“Can you bind the cluster of the Pleiades, or loosen the cords of Orion?
Can you bind the chains of the Pleiades or loosen the belt of Orion?
Can you tie the bands of the Pleiades, or release the cords of Orion?
Tyndale line
Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?
Canst thou bind the cluster of the Pleiades, Or loose the bands of Orion?
Canst thou bind the cluster of the Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?
Canst thou bind the sweet influences of Pleiades, or loose the bands of Orion?
Canst thou restraine the sweete influences of the Pleiades? or loose the bandes of Orion?
Strictly literal
Canst thou fasten the bands of the Pleiades, or loosen the cords of Orion?
Dost thou bind sweet influences of Kimah? Or the attractions of Kesil dost thou open?
Do you bind the chains of the Pleiades? Or do you open the cords of Orion?
Canst thou bind together the chains of the Pleiades, or loosen the bands of Orion?
Can you fasten chains on the Pleiades, or undo the cords of Orion?
From the Latin
Shalt thou be able to join together the shining stars the Pleiades, or canst thou stop the turning about of Arcturus?
Simplified
Can you tie together the stars of the Pleiades? Can you loosen the belt of the Orion constellation?
Are the bands of the Pleiades fixed by you, or are the cords of Orion made loose?
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of הַֽ֭תְקַשֵּׁר and the surrounding phrases, indicating a strong textual consistency between these witnesses. Both texts convey the same challenge regarding the celestial bodies.
הַֽ֭תְקַשֵּׁר מַעֲדַנּ֣וֹת כִּימָ֑ה אֽוֹ־ מֹשְׁכ֖וֹת כְּסִ֣יל תְּפַתֵּֽחַ׃
7 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 38:31
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
קָשַׁר (qashar) is a Hebrew verb meaning to bind or tie together, both physically and mentally, as in forming a league or conspiring. The entries describe its various uses, including binding fast or being bound up, and it appears in different grammatical forms. Notably, it is used in the context of relationships, such as the life of Jonathan being bound to David's.
קָשַׁר vb. bind, league together, conspire
Qal
bind
league together, conspire
Niph. the life of Jonathan was bound up with the life of D.
Pi.
bind on (as ornament)
bind fast
Pu. = Qal 1 c.
Hithp. conspire
base
H7194 קָשַׁר bind, league together, conspire .. bind
. league together, conspire
. the life of Jonathan was bound up with the life of D.
. . bind on (as ornament)
. bind fast
. = Qal 1 c.
. conspire
7194 qashar kaw-shar'
a primitive root: to tie, physically (gird, confine, compact)
or mentally (in love, league):--bind (up), (make a)
conspire(-acy, -ator), join together, knit, stronger, work
(treason).
קָשַׁר (qa.shar) — to conspire.
1) to bind, tie, bind together, league together, conspire
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to bind, confine
1a2) to league together, conspire
1b) (Niphal) to be bound, be bound up
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to bind on
1c2) to bind fast
1c3) to bind, tie
1c4) to bind to oneself
1d) (Pual) robust, vigorous (participle)
1e) (Hithpael) to conspire
Part | V-Piel-Imperf-2ms — Particle · verb piel imperfect second person masculine singularHTi/Vpi2ms
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
מַעֲדַנּוֹת (ma'adannot) refers to bonds or bands, indicating a form of connection or influence. It is derived from the root word for 'bond' and appears in the plural form. The entries consistently describe it as related to groups or connections.
מַעֲדַנּוֹת n.f.pl. bonds, bands
base
H4575 מַעֲדַנּוֹת, מַעֲדַנָּה
4575 ma`adannah mah-ad-an-naw'
by transitive from 6029; a bond, i.e. group:--influence.
see HEBREW for 06029
מַעֲדַנּוֹת (ma.a.dan.nah) — bond.
bonds, bands
N-cp — Noun common · feminine plural constructHNcfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
כִּימָה (kiymah) refers to the Pleiades, a cluster of seven stars. The entries indicate that it is derived from a related term and consistently identify it as a constellation.
כִּימָה n.f. perh. Pleiades
base
H3598 כִּימָה
3598 Kiymah kee-maw'
from the same as 3558; a cluster of stars, i.e. the
Pleiades:--Pleiades, seven stars.
see HEBREW for 03558
כִּימָה (ki.mah) — Pleiades.
Pleiades, a constellation of seven stars
N-proper — NounHNtfsa
pli'-a-dez, ple'-ya-dez, ple'-a-dez.
See ASTROLOGY, 10; ASTRONOMY, sec. II, 10.
The Hebrew word (cimah) so rendered occurs in (Job 9:9; 38:31; Amos 6:8) In the last passage our Authorized Version has "the seven stars," although the Geneva version translates the word "Pleiades" as in the other cases. The Pleiades are a group of stars situated on the shoulder of the constellation Taurus. The rendering "sweet influences" of the Authorized Version, (Job 38:31) is a relic of the lingering belief in the power which the stars exerted over human destiny. But Schaff thinks the phrase arose from the fact that the Pleiades appear about the middle of April, and hence are associated with the return of spring, the season of sweet influences .
The Hebrew word אוֹ (*'ow*) primarily functions as a conjunction meaning 'or,' often indicating a preference or choice between options. It can also introduce examples, express conditions, or imply alternatives. Additionally, it is associated with the noun meaning 'desire' in Proverbs 31:4. The entries reflect a range of uses, but do not present significant disagreement.
אוֹ 320 conj. or
sometimes implying a preference, nearly or rather
introducing a sentence, esp. a particular case under a general principle, or = or if
if perchance
once, with the juss. = except
base
[אֵו] n.m. אוֹ, Kt Pr 31:4 desire, so Thes MV; but < Qr אֵי q.v.
done
H176 אוֹ or . sometimes implying a preference, nearly or rather
. introducing a sentence, esp. a particular case under a general principle, or = or if
. if perchance
. once, with the juss. = except
176 'ow o
presumed to be the "constructive" or genitival form of -av
{av}; short for 185; desire (and so probably in Prov. 31:4);
hence (by way of alternative) or, also if:--also, and,
either, if, at the least, X nor, or, otherwise, then, whether.
see HEBREW for 0185
אוֹ (o) — or.
1) or, rather
1a) implying that the latter choice is preferred
1b) or if, introducing an example to be seen under a particular principle
1c) (in series) either...or, whether...or
1d) if perchance
1e) except, or else
2) whether, not the least, if, otherwise, also, and, then
אוֹ (o) — desire.
desire
Conj — ConjunctionHC
or: The word is used once for either (1Sa 26:10), and is still in poetic use in this sense; as in, "Without or wave or wind" (Coleridge); "Or the bakke or some bone he breketh in his dzouthe" (Piers Plowman (B), VII, 93; compare Merchant of Venice, III, ii, 65). It is also used with "ever" for before (Ps 90:2; Ecclesiasticus 18:19), which the American Standard Revised Version substitutes in Ec 12:6 (compare 12:1,2); So 6:12; Da 6:24.
מֹשֶׁכֶת (mowshkah) refers to a cord or something that draws, derived from the root word for 'drawing' (môšēk). It appears in the plural construct form in Job 38:31. The entries consistently define it as a cord without significant disagreement.
[מֹשֶׁכֶת] n.f. cord;—only pl. cstr. Jb 38:31
ref
H4189 מֹשֶׁכֶה, מוֹשְׁכָה
4189 mowshkah mo-shek-aw'
act participle feminine of 4900; something drawing, i.e.
(figuratively) a cord:--band.
see HEBREW for 04900
מֹשֶׁכֶת (mo.she.khah) — cord.
cord
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural constructHNcfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
כְּסִיל (kesil) refers to the constellation Orion, described as a notable or prominent constellation. The entries indicate that it can also refer to constellations in general. The term is linked to another Hebrew word, suggesting a connection in meaning.
כְּסִיל n.m. Orion
base
H3685 כְּסִיל Orion
3685 Kciyl kes-eel'
the same as 3684; any notable constellation; specifically
Orion (as if a burly one):--constellation, Orion.
see HEBREW for 03684
כְּסִיל (ke.sil) — Orion.
Constellation of Orion
כְּסִיל (ke.sil) — constellation.
constellation (in general)
N-ms — NounHNtmsa
o-ri'-on: A brilliant constellation dedicated to Nimrod or Merodach.
See ASTRONOMY, sec. II, 11.
Orion
Heb. Kesil; i.e., “the fool”, the name of a constellation (Job 9:9; 38:31; Amos 5:8) consisting of about eighty stars. The Vulgate renders thus, but the LXX. renders by Hesperus, i.e., “the evening-star,” Venus. The Orientals “appear to have conceived of this constellation under the figure of an impious giant bound upon the sky.” This giant was, according to tradition, Nimrod, the type of the folly that contends against God. In Isa. 13:10 the plural form of the Hebrew word is rendered “constellations.”
(the giant), a large and bright constellation of 80 stars, 17 large ones, crossed by the equinoctial line. It is named after a mythical personage of the Greeks, of gigantic stature and "the handsomest man in the world." The Arabs called it" the giant," referring to Nimrod, the mighty hunter who was fabled to have been bound in the sky for his impiety. (Job 9:9) Also alluded to in (Job 38:31)
Job 9:9, one of the brightest constellations of the Southern Hemisphere. The Hebrew chesil signifies, according to the best interpreters and the ancient versions, the constellation Orion, which, on account of its supposed connection with storms and tempests, Virgil calls "nimbosus Orion," stormy Orion. In Job 38:31, fetters are ascribed to him; and this coincides with the Greek fable of the giant Orion, bound in the heavens for an unsuccessful war against the gods.
פָּתַח (pathach) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to open' and can refer to various actions such as opening doors, loosening restraints, or engraving. It has different forms, including Qal (to open), Niphal (to be opened), and Piel (to engrave). The entries highlight its literal and figurative uses, but there is some overlap in meaning regarding its applications in opening and engraving.
פָּתַח vb. open
Qal open sack
Niph. be opened
Pi. be opened
free, i.e. ungird, camels
loosen (and remove) sack-cloth
open gates, doors
Hithp. loosen thee the fetters of thy neck
base
[פָּתַח] vb. Pi. engrave
Pu. stones engraved with the engravings of a signet.
base
H6605a פָּתַח open .open sack
. be opened
. be opened . free, i.e. ungird, camels
. loosen (and remove) sack-cloth
. open gates, doors
. loosen thee the fetters of thy neck
H6605b פָּתַח Pi. engrave
6605 pathach paw-thakh'
a primitive root; to open wide (literally or figuratively);
specifically, to loosen, begin, plough, carve:--appear, break
forth, draw (out), let go free, (en-)grave(-n), loose (self),
(be, be set) open(-ing), put off, ungird, unstop, have vent.
פָּתַח (pa.tach) — to open.
1) to open
1a) (Qal) to open
1b) (Niphal) to be opened, be let loose, be thrown open
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to free
1c2) to loosen
1c3) to open, open oneself
1d) (Hithpael) to loose oneself
Aramaic equivalent: pe.tach (פְּתַח "to open" H6606)
פָּתַח (pa.tach) — to engrave.
1) to carve, engrave
1a) (Piel) to engrave
1b) (Pual) to be engraved
V-Piel-Imperf-2ms — Verb · Piel · imperfect second person masculine singularHVpi2ms