Job 20:17 — Word Study
WLCאַל־ יֵ֥רֶא בִפְלַגּ֑וֹת נַהֲרֵ֥י נַ֝חֲלֵ֗י דְּבַ֣שׁ וְחֶמְאָֽה׃
BSAHe will notʼal [never, under no circumstances] enjoyrâʼâh▸ [see, experience, or delight in] the streamspᵉlaggâh△ [rivers, brooks, or small rivers] the riversnâhâr [a flood] flowing withnachal [abundantly, or richly] honeydᵉbash [a sweet and valuable food] and creamchemʼâh [curd, or butter]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| אַל־ | may not | Particle |
| יֵ֥רֶא | he look | Verb, Qal, jussive third person masculine singular |
| בִפְלַגּ֑וֹת | on streams | Preposition, noun common feminine plural absolute |
| נַהֲרֵ֥י | rivers of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| נַ֝חֲלֵ֗י | torrents of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| דְּבַ֣שׁ | honey | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| וְחֶמְאָֽה׃ | and curd | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | He will not enjoy the streams, the rivers flowing with honey and cream. |
| KJV | He shall not see the rivers, the floods, the brooks of honey and butter. |
| ASV | He shall not look upon the rivers, The flowing streams of honey and butter. |
| YLT | He looketh not on rivulets, Flowing of brooks of honey and butter. |
| WEB | He will not look at the rivers, the flowing streams of honey and butter. |
| BBE | Let him not see the rivers of oil, the streams of honey and milk. |
The translations agree on the meaning of יֵ֥רֶא as 'enjoy' or 'see.'
The sentence has a main clause followed by descriptive phrases that specify what will not be enjoyed.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbרָאָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 7 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Job 20:17
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Job's Reflection on the Fate of the Wickedgenerated
Job 20:17 reflects Job's assertion that the wicked will not enjoy the blessings of life, symbolized by streams and rivers rich with honey and cream. This statement is part of a larger argument about the fate of the wicked, contrasting their eventual downfall with the prosperity of the righteous, as seen in the surrounding verses, particularly in Job 20:16 and Job 20:18.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Numbers 14:23 | not one will ever see the land that I swore to give their fathers. None of those who have treated Me with contempt will see it. |
| 2 | 2 Kings 7:2 | But the officer on whose arm the king leaned answered the man of God, “Look, even if the LORD were to make windows in heaven, could this really happen?” “You will see it with your own eyes,” replied Elisha, “but you will not eat any of it.” |
| 3 | Jeremiah 17:6–8 | He will be like a shrub in the desert; he will not see when prosperity comes. He will dwell in the parched places of the desert, in a salt land where no one lives. |
| 4 | Luke 16:24 | So he cried out, ‘Father Abraham, have mercy on me and send Lazarus to dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue. For I am in agony in this fire.’ |
| 5 | Psalm 36:8–9 | They feast on the abundance of Your house, and You give them drink from Your river of delights. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 12 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יֵ֥רֶא, Ye.re'generated
The verb יֵ֥רֶא (Ye.re') is a jussive form of רָאָה (ra'ah), meaning 'to see' or 'to look.' It indicates a desire or wish, suggesting that the wicked will not even have the opportunity to experience the abundance represented in the verse.
This form emphasizes the certainty of the statement: the wicked will not have the joy of experiencing these blessings, which are often associated with prosperity and divine favor.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the meaning of יֵ֥רֶא as 'enjoy' or 'see.' The BSB, KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE all convey the idea that the wicked will not partake in the blessings described.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb יֵ֥רֶא governs the main clause, indicating the action that will not take place, with several noun phrases detailing what will not be experienced: the streams, the rivers, and the honey and cream.
The structure emphasizes the negation introduced by אַל (al), which sets the tone for the entire verse, underscoring the absence of enjoyment for the wicked.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates יֵ֥רֶא with ἴδοι, which also means 'to see' but carries a more visual connotation. This choice highlights the idea that the wicked will not even perceive the blessings that flow abundantly.
The use of ἴδοι suggests a focus on the visual aspect of enjoyment, reinforcing the finality of the wicked's exclusion from these blessings.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Job 20:17 states that the wicked will not enjoy the abundance represented by streams and rivers flowing with honey and cream. This verse is part of Job's discussion about the consequences faced by the wicked, contrasting their fate with that of the righteous.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This verse indicates that the wicked will not experience the blessings and abundance that others may enjoy, symbolized by streams flowing with honey and cream.
It connects to Job's broader argument about the consequences of wickedness, as seen in the verses before and after, which describe the downfall of the wicked.
Honey and cream symbolize richness and abundance, which the wicked will miss out on, highlighting their ultimate loss.
Job uses this verse to illustrate the belief that the wicked will not prosper in the end, reinforcing the theme of divine justice.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What blessings do I take for granted that I should appreciate more?
- How can I ensure that I am living in a way that aligns with the blessings described in this verse?
- In what ways do I see the consequences of wickedness in the world around me?
- How can I support those who are struggling to find joy and abundance in their lives?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The verse is referenced by Gregory the Dialogist in his commentary, illustrating its significance in discussions of divine justice and the fate of the wicked.
Ver. 17. He shall not see the streamlets of the torrent river of honey and butter. 20. The Lord saith in the Gospel; He that believeth in Me, as the Scripture hath said, out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water. [John 7, 38.Early Church Fathers on Job 20 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Job 20:17 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleHe shall not see the rivers,.... Of water, or meet with any to assuage his thirst, which poison excites, and so makes a man wish for water, and desire large quantities; but this shall not be granted
Read John Gill on Job 20 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryHe shall not see the rivers, the floods, the brooks of honey and butter. The wicked is not allowed to have the enjoyment of the overflowing abundance of goods which he has accumulated.
Read Robert Jamieson on Job 20 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleNot see, i.e. not enjoy, as that word is oft used as . The brooks of honey and butter; that abundant satisfaction and comfort, (oft signified by these or suchlike metaphors; as 46:4 ,22 41:18) either which he promised to himself from that great estate which he had got by deceit and oppression, or which good men through God’ s blessing may and commonly do enjoy.
Read Matthew Poole on Job 20 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJob 20:17 He shall not see the rivers, the floods, the brooks of honey and butter.Ver. 17. He shall not see the rivers, the floods] That is, that plenty and abundance of all good things that cometh in to the righteous, Velut confertim, certatim, et affatim, a confluence of all manner of comforts and contentments (Mercer). These the oppressor shall have none of; for being insatiable and vexed with the furies of an evil conscience, they enjoy not anything, though they abound with all things, being worse than tantalized; and if after his fall he seek to recruit himself, he shall never be able to effect it. He shall not see the rivers, &c. The Seventy, and others after them, render it by an…
Read John Trapp on Job 20 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(17) The brooks of honey and butter.—He uses language which might lead one to suppose he was familiar with the promise of Canaan, except that, as the phrase is not precisely identical it may perhaps rather show a community of proverbial language, and that the land flowing with milk and honey may have been an expression in use, and not one original with the Pentateuch.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 20 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 17. He shall not see the rivers] Mr. Good has the following judicious note on this passage: "Honey and butter are the common results of a rich, well-watered pasturage, offering a perpetual banquet of grass to kine, and of nectar to bees; and thus loading the possessor with the most luscious luxuries of pastoral life, peculiarly so before the discovery of the means of obtaining sugar. The expression appears to have been proverbial; and is certainly used here to denote a very high degree of temporal prosperity." See also Job 29:6. To the Hebrews such expressions were quite familiar. See Exodus 3:8; Exodus 13:5; Exodus 33:3; 2Kg 18:32; Deuteronomy 31:20, and elsewhere. The Greek and…
Read AdamClarke on Job 20 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12–22. His sin changes into his punishment.
Read Cambridge on Job 20 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleHe shall not see the rivers - That is, he shall not be permitted to enjoy plenty and prosperity. Rivers or rills of honey and butter are emblems of prosperity; compare Exodus 3:17; Job 29:6.
Read Albert Barnes on Job 20 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
He will not enjoy the streams, the rivers flowing with honey and cream.
He will not look at the rivers, the flowing streams of honey and butter.
He will not enjoy the streams, the rivers flowing with honey and cream.
He will not look on the streams, the rivers, which are the torrents of honey and butter.
Tyndale line
He shall not see the rivers, the floods, the brooks of honey and butter.
He shall not look upon the rivers, The flowing streams of honey and butter.
He shall not look upon the rivers, the flowing streams of honey and butter.
He shall not see the river, the floods, the brooks of honey and buttermilk.
He shall not see the riuers, nor the floods and streames of honie and butter.
Strictly literal
He shall not see streams, rivers, brooks of honey and butter.
He looketh not on rivulets, Flowing of brooks of honey and butter.
He does not look on streams, || Flowing of brooks of honey and butter.
He shall not look with pleasure on streams, on flowing brooks of honey and cream.
He will not enjoy the streams, the torrents of honey and butter.
From the Latin
(Let him not see the streams of the river, the brooks of honey and of butter.)
Simplified
They will not live to enjoy the streams, the rivers of milk and honey.
Let him not see the rivers of oil, the streams of honey and milk.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint show agreement on the core message of the verse, though the Septuagint's wording differs slightly in structure. The Masoretic Text reads: אַל־ יֵ֥רֶא בִפְלַגּ֑וֹת נַהֲרֵ֥י נַ֝חֲלֵ֗י דְּבַ֣שׁ וְחֶמְאָֽה׃, while the Septuagint provides a different word order.
אַל־ יֵ֥רֶא בִפְלַגּ֑וֹת נַהֲרֵ֥י נַ֝חֲלֵ֗י דְּבַ֣שׁ וְחֶמְאָֽה׃
4 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Job 20:17
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אַל (al) is a negative particle meaning 'not' or 'no,' often used to express a wish or prohibition rather than an objective fact. It can also function as a noun meaning 'nothing.' The lexicons highlight its use in various contexts, including deprecative forms, but do not show significant disagreement.
אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
base
H408 אַל adv. of negation, denying however, not objectively as a fact, but subjectively as a wish, expressing therefore a deprecation or prohibition
408 'al al
a negative particle (akin to 3808); not (the qualified
negation, used as a deprecative); once (Job 24:25) as a noun,
nothing:--nay, neither, + never, no ,nor, not, nothing
(worth), rather than.
see HEBREW for 03808
אַל (al) — not.
1) not, no, nor, neither, nothing (as wish or preference)
1a) do not, let not (with a verb)
1b) let there not be (with a verb understood)
1c) not, no (with substantive)
1d) nothing (as substantive)
Aramaic equivalent: al (אַל "not" H0409)
Part — ParticleHTn
רָאָה (ra'ah) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to see' and encompasses a wide range of visual and perceptual actions, including looking, observing, and causing others to see. It can refer to both literal sight and figurative understanding, with various grammatical forms indicating different nuances, such as appearing or being visible. The entries indicate a rich semantic field without significant disagreement among lexicographers.
רָאָה 1315 vb. see
Qal 1141
see, subj.
see, c. acc. rei
see, sq. acc. cl. or phr. of closer design
see, so as to learn to know
abs. see, have (power of) vision
see = perceive
look at, see, by direct volition
of mental observation
c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest
see, c. acc. rei
Niph.
appear
be seen
be visible
Pu. appar. his bones are not detected
Hithp. recipr. look at each other
Hiph.
cause one to see something, shew
cause to experience something
cause to look intently at, to behold
Hoph.
be caused to see, be shewn
be exhibited to
base
H7200a רָאָה see .. . see, subj.
. see, c. acc. rei
. see, sq. acc. + cl. or phr. of closer design
. see, so as to learn to know
. abs. see, have (power of) vision
. see = perceive
. look at, see, by direct volition
. of mental observation
. . c. ב, lit., look into, hence look at with interest
. see, c. acc. rei
. . appear
. be seen
. be visible
. appar. his bones are not detected
. recipr. look at each other
. . . cause one to see something, shew
. cause to experience something
. cause to look intently at, to behold
. . be caused to see, be shewn
. be exhibited to
H7200b רְאוּת look
7200 ra'ah raw-aw'
a primitive root; to see, literally or figuratively (in
numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive,
intransitive and causative):--advise self, appear, approve,
behold, X certainly, consider, discern, (make to) enjoy, have
experience, gaze, take heed, X indeed, X joyfully, lo, look
(on, one another, one on another, one upon another, out, up,
upon), mark, meet, X be near, perceive, present, provide,
regard, (have) respect, (fore-, cause to, let) see(-r, -m, one
another), shew (self), X sight of others, (e-)spy, stare, X
surely, X think, view, visions.
רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: see.
: see/show
1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to see
1a2) to see, perceive
1a3) to see, have vision
1a4) to look at, see, regard, look after, see after, learn about, observe, watch, look upon, look out, find out
1a5) to see, observe, consider, look at, give attention to, discern, distinguish
1a6) to look at, gaze at
1a7) to provide, choose
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to appear, present oneself
1b2) to be seen
1b3) to be visible
1c) (Pual) to be seen
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to see, show
1d2) to cause to look intently at, behold, cause to gaze at
1e) (Hophal)
1e1) to be caused to see, be shown
1e2) to be exhibited to
1f) (Hithpael) to look at each other, face
רָאָה (ra.ah) — to see: examine.
: examine/consider
1) to see, look at, inspect, perceive, consider
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to see
1a2) to see, perceive
1a3) to see, have vision
V-Qal-Juss-3ms — Verb · Qal · jussive third person masculine singularHVqj3ms
look:
(1) The uses of the simple verb in English Versions of the Bible are nearly all good modern English. In Isa 5:2, however, "He looked that it should bring forth grapes"--"look" is used in the sense of "expect." Compare the King James Version of Sirach 20:14; Ac 28:6, "They looked when he should have swollen" (the Revised Version (British and American) "They expected that he would have swollen"). In 1 Macc 4:54, the King James Version has inserted "look" (omitted in the Revised Version (British and American)) as a simple interjection, without a corresponding word in the Greek
(2) "Look upon" means "fix one's attention on," and is often so used in English Versions of the Bible without further significance (Ec 2:11;
פְּלַגָּה (plaggah) refers to a stream or division, often associated with a river or gully. The term is derived from a root meaning to divide, and it encompasses both the physical aspect of a stream and the concept of divisions or sections.
[פְּלַגָּה] n.f. 1. stream. 2. division
base
H6390 פְּלַגָּה
6390 plaggah pel-ag-gaw'
from 6385; a runlet, i.e. gully:--division, river.
see HEBREW for 06385
פְּלַגָּה (pe.lag.gah) — stream.
1) stream, division, river
1a) stream
1b) divisions, sections
Prep | N-fp — Preposition · noun common feminine plural absoluteHR/Ncfpa
נָהָר (nahar) means 'stream' or 'river' and can refer to various water bodies, including the Nile and Euphrates. It also has a figurative sense of prosperity. The word is derived from a root meaning related to flowing water and has an Aramaic equivalent, נְהַר (ne.har).
נָהָר 120 n.m. stream, river
base
H5104 נָהָר stream, river
5104 nahar naw-hawr'
from 5102; a stream (including the sea; expec. the Nile,
Euphrates, etc.); figuratively, prosperity:--flood, river.
see HEBREW for 05102
נָהָר (na.har) — River.
This name means stream, river
Another name of pe.rat (פְּרָת "Euphrates" H6578)
נָהָר (na.har) — river.
1) stream, river
1a) stream, river
1b) (underground) streams
Aramaic equivalent: ne.har (נְהַר "river" H5103H)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
נַ֫חַל (*nachal*) primarily refers to a torrent or stream, often associated with a valley or wadi where water flows, particularly in winter. It can also denote a shaft of a mine. Additionally, the term may relate to palm trees in certain contexts. The word appears in various forms in the Old Testament, including references in Psalms and Ezekiel.
נַ֫חַל n.m. torrent, torrent-valley, wady
base
[נַ֫חַל] n.[m.] perh. palm-tree;—only pl. abs., Nu 24:6
ref
H5158a נַ֫חַל torrent, torrent-valley, wady H5158b נַ֫חַל perh. palm-tree
5158 nachal nakh'-al
or (feminine) nachlah (Psalm 124:4) {nakh'-law}; or nachalah
(Ezekiel 47:19; 48:28) {nakh-al-aw'}; from 5157 in its
original sense; a stream, especially a winter torrent; (by
implication) a (narrow) valley (in which a brook runs); also a
shaft (of a mine):--brook, flood, river, stream, valley.
see HEBREW for 05157
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — torrent: river.
: river/bed
1) torrent, valley, wadi, torrent-valley
1a) torrent
1b) torrent-valley, wadi (as stream bed)
1c) shaft (of mine)
Also means: na.chal (נַ֫חַל ": valley" H5158N)
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — palm-tree.
palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — Brook.
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — (Eshcol) Valley.
Combined with esh.kol (אֶשְׁכֹּל " of Eshcol" H0812H)
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — (Shittim) Valley.
Combined with shit.tim (שִׁטִּים " of Shittim" H7851H)
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — (Sorek) Valley.
Combined with s.vo.req (שֹׂרֵק " of Sorek" H7796)
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — Brook.
§ palm-tree
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — Brook.
palm-tree
Another name of shi.chor (שִׁיחוֹר "Shihor" H7883G)
נַ֫חַל (na.chal) — Brook.
palm-tree
Another name of shi.chor (שִׁיחוֹר "Shihor" H7883G)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
דְּבַשׁ (dbash) means honey, derived from a root that suggests stickiness. It encompasses the substance itself and can also refer to syrup. The entries consistently identify it as honey without significant variation.
דְּבַשׁ 64 n.m. honey
base
H1706 דְּבַשׁ honey
1706 dbash deb-ash'
from an unused root meaning to be gummy; honey (from its
stickiness); by analogy, syrup:--honey((-comb)).
דְּבַשׁ (de.vash) — honey.
honey
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
hun'-i (debhash; meli): One familiar with life in Palestine will recognize in debhash the Arabic dibs, which is the usual term for a sweet syrup made by boiling down the juice of grapes, raisins, carob beans, or dates. Dibs is seldom, if ever, used as a name for honey (compare Arabic 'asal), whereas in the Old Testament debhash probably had only that meaning. The honey referred to was in most cases wild honey (De 32:13; Jud 14:8,9; 1Sa 14:25,26,29,43), although the offering of honey with the first-fruits would seem to indicate that the bees were also domesticated (2Ch 31:5). The bees constructed their honeycomb and deposited their honey in holes in the ground (
Honey
(1.) Heb. ya’ar, occurs only 1 Sam. 14:25, 27, 29; Cant. 5:1, where it denotes the honey of bees. Properly the word signifies a forest or copse, and refers to honey found in woods.
(2.) Nopheth, honey that drops (Ps. 19:10; Prov. 5:3; Cant. 4:11).
(3.) Debash denotes bee-honey (Judg. 14:8); but also frequently a vegetable honey distilled from trees (Gen. 43:11; Ezek. 27:17). In these passages it may probably mean “dibs,” or syrup of grapes, i.e., the juice…
The Hebrew debash in the first place applied to the product of the bee, to which exclusively we give the name of honey. All travellers agree in describing Palestine as a land "flowing with milk and honey," (Exodus 3:8) bees being abundant even in the remote parts of the wilderness, where they deposit their honey in the crevices of rocks or in hollow trees. In some parts of northern Arabia the hills are so well stocked with bees that no sooner are hives placed than they are occupied. In the second place the term debash applies to a decoction of the juice of the grape, which is still called dibs , and which forms an article of commerce in the East, it was this, and not ordinary bee-honey, which Jacob sent to Joseph, (Genesis 43:11) and which the Tyrians purchased from Palestine. (
Was formerly very plentiful in Palestine, and hence the frequent expressions of Scripture which import that that country was a land flowing with milk and honey, Le 20:24. Wild bee honey was often found in hollow trees and clefts in the rocks, De 32:13 Ps 81:16; and on this John the Baptist fed, Mt 3:4. Honey was highly prized, Ps 19:10 Pr 5:3 27:7. Modern travellers observe that it is still very common there, and that the inhabitants mix it in all their sauces. Forskal says the caravans of Mecca bring honey from Arabia to Cairo, and that he has often seen honey…
חֶמְאָה (chem'ah) refers to curd or butter, while חֵמָה (chemah) encompasses a range of meanings including heat, fever, venom, and burning anger, applicable to both humans and divine contexts. The entries highlight its use in describing emotional states and physical conditions, with specific mention of its appearance in Daniel's vision.
חֶמְאָה n.f. curd
base
חֵמָה, (once חֵמָא) 121 n.f. heat, rage
heat:
fever
venom, poison
burning anger, rage:
of man
of the he-goat in Daniel's vision
of God
base
H2529a חֶמְאָה curd H2529b חֵמָה, (once חֵמָא) heat, rage . heat: . fever
. venom, poison
. burning anger, rage: . of man
. of the he-goat in Daniel's vision
. of God
2529 chem'ah khem-aw'
or (shortened) chemah {khay-maw'}; from the same root as
2346; curdled milk or cheese:--butter.
see HEBREW for 02346
חֶמְאָה (chem.ah) — curd.
curd, butter
חֵמָה (che.mah) — heat.
1) heat
1a) fever
1b) venom, poison
2) burning anger, rage
2a) of man
2b) of the he-goat in Daniel's vision
2a) of God
Conj | N-fs — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular absoluteHC/Ncfsa