Jeremiah 48:12 — Word Study
WLCלָכֵ֞ן הִנֵּ֖ה־ יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־ יְהוָ֔ה וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־ ל֥וֹ צֹעִ֖ים וְצֵעֻ֑הוּ וְכֵלָ֣יו יָרִ֔יקוּ וְנִבְלֵיהֶ֖ם יְנַפֵּֽצוּ׃
BSAThereforekên [thus, in agreement] beholdhinnêh [look, take notice] ◂the daysyôwm [a period of time, an era] are comingbôwʼ [approaching, drawing near] declaresnᵉʼum [utters, speaks forth] the LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, the self-existent God] when I will sendshâlach [dispatch, commission] wandererstsâʻâh [those who march or tip over, invaders] who will pour him outtsâʻâh [empty, drain] They will emptyrûwq▸ [pour out, drain completely] his vesselskᵉlîy [articles, utensils] and shatternâphats▸ [break, scatter] his jarsnebel [bags, skin-bottles]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| לָכֵ֞ן | therefore | Preposition, adverb |
| הִנֵּ֖ה־ | here! | Particle |
| יָמִ֤ים | days | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| בָּאִים֙ | [are] coming | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural |
| נְאֻם־ | [the] utterance of | Noun common, masculine singular construct |
| יְהוָ֔ה | Yahweh | Noun proper |
| וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־ | and I will send | Verb, Piel, sequential perfect first person common singular |
| ל֥וֹ | to it | Preposition, suffix |
| צֹעִ֖ים | [those who] tip | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural |
| וְצֵעֻ֑הוּ | and they will tip it | Verb piel sequential perfect third person common plural, suffix |
| וְכֵלָ֣יו | and vessels its | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| יָרִ֔יקוּ | they will empty out | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect third person masculine plural |
| וְנִבְלֵיהֶ֖ם | and jars their | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| יְנַפֵּֽצוּ׃ | they will smash | Verb, Piel, imperfect third person masculine plural |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Therefore behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will send to him wanderers, who will pour him out. They will empty his vessels and shatter his jars. |
| KJV | Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will send unto him wanderers, that shall cause him to wander, and shall empty his vessels, and break their bottles. |
| ASV | Therefore, behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will send unto him them that pour off, and they shall pour him off; and they shall empty his vessels, and break their bottles in pieces. |
| YLT | Therefore, lo, days are coming, An affirmation of Jehovah, And I have sent to him wanderers, And they have caused him to wander, And his vessels they empty out, And his bottles they dash in pieces. |
| WEB | Therefore behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will send to him those who pour off, and they will pour him off; and they will empty his vessels, and break their containers in pieces. |
| BBE | So truly, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will send to him men who will have him turned over till there is no more wine in his vessels, and his wine-skins will be completely broken. |
The translations agree on the meaning of יְנַפֵּֽצוּ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence contains a main clause followed by several subordinate clauses detailing the actions that will take place.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectיוֹם
verbבּוֹא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Jeremiah 48:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Judgment on Moabgenerated
Jeremiah 48:12 proclaims a coming judgment against Moab, indicating that the LORD will send invaders to pour out and destroy Moab's resources. This prophecy follows a description of Moab's complacency, highlighting a shift from stability to impending disaster. The surrounding verses emphasize the consequences of Moab's reliance on false gods and their eventual shame, as seen in Jeremiah 48:13.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jeremiah 48:8–15 | The destroyer will move against every city, and not one town will escape. The valley will also be ruined, and the high plain will be destroyed, as the LORD has said. |
| 2 | Jeremiah 25:9 | behold, I will summon all the families of the north, declares the LORD, and I will send for My servant Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, whom I will bring against this land, against its residents, and against all the surrounding nations. So I will devote them to destruction and make them an object of horror and contempt, an everlasting desolation. |
| 3 | Isaiah 16:2 | Like fluttering birds pushed out of the nest, so are the daughters of Moab at the fords of the Arnon: |
| 4 | Ezekiel 25:9–10 | therefore I will indeed expose the flank of Moab beginning with its frontier cities—Beth-jeshimoth, Baal-meon, and Kiriathaim—the glory of the land. |
| 5 | Jeremiah 48:11–38 | Moab has been at ease from youth, settled like wine on its dregs; he has not been poured from vessel to vessel or gone into exile. So his flavor has remained the same, and his aroma is unchanged. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 11 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יְנַפֵּֽצוּ, ye.na.Pe.tzugenerated
The verb יְנַפֵּֽצוּ (*ye.na.Pe.tzu*) is a future tense form indicating an action that will occur, specifically meaning 'they will smash' or 'shatter.' It is derived from the root meaning to scatter or disperse, often used in contexts of destruction and judgment.
In this verse, it describes the complete destruction of Moab's jars, symbolizing the totality of their loss. The Piel form of the verb emphasizes the intensity of the action, suggesting a deliberate and forceful shattering.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations agree on the meaning of יְנַפֵּֽצוּ as 'they will smash.' The BSB, KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE all convey this sense of destruction without variation.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The structure of the verse centers around the main clause introduced by the conjunction לָכֵן (*la.Khen*), indicating a conclusion or result. This is followed by a series of clauses that detail the actions that will take place: the sending of wanderers, their actions of pouring out and emptying, and the ultimate destruction of Moab's vessels and jars.
The finite verb שִׁלַּחְתִּי (*ve.shi.lach.ti*) is pivotal, governing the actions of the wanderers who will execute the judgment.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb יְנַפֵּֽצוּ corresponds to the Greek term συγκόψουσιν, which also carries the meaning of shattering or breaking. This choice indicates a direct interpretation of the Hebrew's intent to convey destruction.
The use of a different Greek term may reflect a broader understanding of the consequences of Moab's impending judgment, emphasizing the totality of the destruction.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Jeremiah 48:12 states that the days are coming when the LORD will send invaders to Moab, who will pour out its resources and destroy its vessels and jars. This prophecy highlights the consequences of Moab's complacency and reliance on false gods.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
This phrase indicates a future time when judgment will be executed against Moab.
The wanderers are likely invaders or conquerors sent by the LORD to bring destruction.
Emptying vessels symbolizes the complete loss of resources and stability for Moab.
Moab is judged for its complacency and reliance on false gods, as indicated in the surrounding verses.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does this prophecy teach us about the consequences of complacency in our own lives?
- How can we remain vigilant against the temptations of false security, as Moab experienced?
- In what ways can we prepare for the challenges that may come, as indicated in this verse?
- How does this passage reflect God's sovereignty over nations and their destinies?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 48:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleTherefore, behold, the days come, saith the Lord,.... This being their case, they should not continue in it; a change would be made, and that in a very short time, as there was; for, according to
Read John Gill on Jeremiah 48 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryTherefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will send unto him wanderers, that shall cause him to wander, and shall empty his vessels, and break their bottles.
Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 48 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleBy the wanderers here mentioned the Chaldeans are most certainly understood, who wandered from their own country to conquer other people; the word is variously translated, vagrants, travellers, removers, &c., who shall conquer the Moabites, and carry them into captivity. And shall empty his vessels, and break their bottles: he had before compared the Moabites to wine settled upon the lees, here he saith that God would send those that should not only disturb and roll them, but ruin and destroy them.
Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 48 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsJeremiah 48:12 Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will send unto him wanderers, that shall cause him to wander, and shall empty his vessels, and break their bottles.Ver. 12. That I will send him wanderers.] Peregrinantes qui peregre agant eum; the Chaldean vagrants, as he proudly calleth and counteth them; but they shall make a vagrant of him in good earnest. And shall empty his vessels, &c.] Moab abounded with the best wine; but dwelling so near Sodom, his grapes also became grapes of Sodom and clusters of Gomorrah: his manners were Sodomitish too. It was but time therefore to send those that should empty his vessels and break his bottles, carry him into another…
Read John Trapp on Jeremiah 48 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 12. I will send unto him wanderers that shall cause him to wander] Dr. Blayney renders צעים tsaim, tilters; those who elevate one end of the wine cask when nearly run out that the remains of the liquor may be the more effectually drawn off at the cock. And this seems to be well supported by the following words, - And shall empty his vessels] I will send such as will carry the whole nation into captivity.
Read AdamClarke on Jeremiah 48 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. pour off] rather as mg. tilt (a vessel). The figure of earthenware jars of wine is continued. They are emptied by being tilted on one side, an operation which was performed slowly and carefully, that the jars might be safe and the wine run off clear while the sediment was left. This work, however, in the case of Moab shall be done roughly. bottles] rather as mg. jars.
Read Cambridge on Jeremiah 48 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleI will send - tilters “unto him and they shall” tilt “him, and they shall empty his vessels, and break their” pitchers “in pieces.” “Pitchers” originally meant “skins,” but the word came to signify
Read Albert Barnes on Jeremiah 48 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible12. Wanderers — As is patent on the very surface, and as all expositors agree, this word is a wrong translation, and misleading. Luther renders tapsters; Ewald, overturners; Nagelsbach, Smith, Noyes, and others, tilters.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Jeremiah 48 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Therefore behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will send to him wanderers, who will pour him out. They will empty his vessels and shatter his jars.
Therefore behold, the days come,” says Yahweh, “that I will send to him those who pour off, and they will pour him off; and they will empty his vessels, and break their containers in pieces.
Therefore behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD, when I will send to him wanderers, who will pour him out. They will empty his vessels and shatter his jars.
But the time is coming when I will send men against Moab who will empty it out. They will empty the towns of their people, then will lay those towns in ruins. I, the Lord, affirm it!
Tyndale line
Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will send unto him wanderers, that shall cause him to wander, and shall empty his vessels, and break their bottles.
Therefore, behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will send unto him them that pour off, and they shall pour him off; and they shall empty his vessels, and break their bottles in pieces.
Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will send unto him them that pour off, and they shall pour him off; and they shall empty his vessels, and break their bottles in pieces.
Therefore, behold, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will send to him wanderers that shall cause him to wander, and shall empty his vessels, and break their bottles.
Therefore beholde, the dayes come, saith the Lord, that I will send vnto him such as shall carie him away, and shall emptie his vessels, and breake their bottels.
Strictly literal
Therefore behold, days come, saith Jehovah, that I will send unto him pourers that shall pour him off, and shall empty his vessels, and break in pieces his flagons.
Therefore, lo, days are coming, An affirmation of Jehovah, And I have sent to him wanderers, And they have caused him to wander, And his vessels they empty out, And his bottles they dash in pieces.
Therefore, behold, days are coming, || A declaration of YHWH, || And I have sent wanderers to him, || And they have caused him to wander, || And they empty out his vessels, || And they dash his bottles in pieces.
Therefore, behold, days are coming, saith the Lord, when I will send unto him tappers, that shall tap him, and they shall empty his vessels, and dash in pieces their bottles.
So see, the days are coming—this is Yahweh's declaration—when I will send him those who will tip him over and pour out all his pots and shatter his jars.
From the Latin
Therefore behold the days come, saith the Lord, and I will send him men that shall order and overturn his bottles, and they shall cast him down, and shall empty his vessels, and break their bottles one against another.
Simplified
But watch out, the time is coming, declares the Lord, when I will send them “winemakers” who will pour them out like wine. They will empty out the Moabites, and smash them like jars.
So truly, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will send to him men who will have him turned over till there is no more wine in his vessels, and his wine-skins will be completely broken.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree closely, with all 14 words matched in the Hebrew text. This indicates a consistent transmission of the prophecy across these ancient witnesses.
לָכֵ֞ן הִנֵּ֖ה־ יָמִ֤ים בָּאִים֙ נְאֻם־ יְהוָ֔ה וְשִׁלַּחְתִּי־ ל֥וֹ צֹעִ֖ים וְצֵעֻ֑הוּ וְכֵלָ֣יו יָרִ֔יקוּ וְנִבְלֵיהֶ֖ם יְנַפֵּֽצוּ׃
14 of the 14 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 48:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word כֵּן (*ken*) is built from the root meaning 'set upright.' It functions as an adjective meaning 'right,' 'veritable,' or 'honest,' and as an adverb meaning 'so,' 'therefore,' or 'thus.' It appears in various contexts, often indicating manner or relation, and is used in phrases like 'forasmuch as.'
כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest
right
veritable, true
pl. concr. honest (men)
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
כֵּן adv. so
base
H3651a כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest H3651b כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as H3651c כֵּן so
3651 ken kane
from 3559; properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as
adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction)
rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and
relation; often with other particles):--+ after that
(this, -ward, -wards), as ... as, + (for-)asmuch as yet, + be
(for which) cause, + following, howbeit, in (the) like
(manner, -wise), X the more, right, (even) so, state,
straightway, such (thing), surely, + there (where)-fore, this,
thus, true, well, X you.
see HEBREW for 03559
כֵּן (ken) — right.
adv
adj
1) right, just, honest, true, veritable
1a) right, just, honest
1b) correct
1c) true, veritable
[כִּי עַל] כֵּן ([ki al] ken) — as.
adv
forasmuch as, since
כֵּן (ken) — so.
adv
1) so, therefore, thus
1a) thus, so
1b) just so
1c) therefore
1d) so...as (paired with adv)
1e) then
1f) forasmuch as (in phrase)
1g) (with prep)
1g1) therefore, this being so (specific)
1g2) hitherto
1g3) therefore, on this ground (general)
1g4) afterwards
1g5) in such case
Aramaic equivalent: ken (כֵּן "thus" H3652)
Prep | Adv — Preposition · adverbHR/D
הִנֵּה (hinneh) is a Hebrew word meaning 'behold' or 'lo!' It serves as a demonstrative particle used to draw attention, appearing in contexts such as Genesis 19:2. The word is derived from a prolongation of another Hebrew term, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage beyond this.
הִנֵּה, once הִנֶּה־ Gn 19:2, demonstr.part. lo!, behold!
base
H2009 הִנֵּה, הִנֶּה־ lo!, behold!
2009 hinneh hin-nay'
prolongation for 2005; lo!:--behold, lo, see.
see HEBREW for 02005
הִנֵּה (hin.neh) — behold.
behold, lo, see, if
Part — ParticleHTj
her, in composition:
יוֹם (yowm) means 'day' and refers to a division of time, contrasting with night. It can denote a literal 24-hour period, a general time span, or even a year. The term is used in various contexts, including the 'day of Yahweh,' which signifies a time of divine judgment. It also appears in phrases indicating temporal references like today, yesterday, and tomorrow.
יוֹם 2285 n.m. day
day, opp. night
Day as division of time
יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous
Pl. days of anyone
Days
יוֹם = time
Phrases
base
H3117 יוֹם day . day, opp. night
. Day as division of time
. יוֹם י׳ day of Yahweh, chiefly as time of his coming in judgment, involving often blessedness for righteous
. Pl. days of anyone
. Days
. יוֹם = time
. Phrases
3117 yowm yome
from an unused root meaning to be hot; a day (as the warm
hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one
sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by
an associated term), (often used adverb):--age, + always, +
chronicals, continually(-ance), daily, ((birth-), each, to)
day, (now a, two) days (agone), + elder, X end, + evening, +
(for) ever(-lasting, -more), X full, life, as (so) long as
(... live), (even) now, + old, + outlived, + perpetually,
presently, + remaineth, X required, season, X since, space,
then, (process of) time, + as at other times, + in trouble,
weather, (as) when, (a, the, within a) while (that), X whole
(+ age), (full) year(-ly), + younger.
יוֹם (yom) — day.
: day/when/time/period
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
1b2a) a working day, a day's journey
1c) days, lifetime (pl.)
1d) time, period (general)
1e) year
1f) temporal references
1f1) today
1f2) yesterday
1f3) tomorrow
יוֹם (yom) — day: old.
: old/(full/many)[days]
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
1b2a) a working day, a day's journey
1c) days, lifetime (pl.)
1d) time, period (general)
1e) year
1f) temporal references
1f1) today
1f2) yesterday
1f3) tomorrow
יוֹם (yom) — day: year.
: year[of_days]
1) day, time, year
1a) day (as opposed to night)
1b) day (24 hour period)
1b1) as defined by evening and morning in Genesis 1
1b2) as a division of time
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
בּוֹא (bo) is a Hebrew verb meaning to come or go in, with a wide range of applications including entering, arriving, and bringing in. It can refer to both physical movement and abstract concepts like events coming to pass. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal (to come), Hiphil (to cause to come), and Hophal (to be brought). There is no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meanings.
בּוֹא 2569 vb. come in, come, go in, go
Qal
come in
come (approach, arrive)
go, i.e. walk, associate with
go from speaker, but with limit of motion given
Hiph.
cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)
cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)
Hoph.
be brought in (of pers. and things)
be brought
be introduced, put
base
H935 בּוֹא come in, come, go in, go .. come in
. come (approach, arrive)
. go, i.e. walk, associate with
. go from speaker, but with limit of motion given
. . cause to come in, bring in (conduct, lead, obj. persons and animals)
. cause to come, bring, bring near, etc. (animate obj.)
. . be brought in (of pers. and things)
. be brought
. be introduced, put
935 bow' bo
a primitive root; to go or come (in a wide variety of
applications):--abide, apply, attain, X be, befall, +
besiege, bring (forth, in, into, to pass), call, carry, X
certainly, (cause, let, thing for) to come (against, in, out,
upon, to pass), depart, X doubtless again, + eat, + employ,
(cause to) enter (in, into, -tering, -trance, -try), be
fallen, fetch, + follow, get, give, go (down, in, to war),
grant, + have, X indeed, (in-)vade, lead, lift (up), mention,
pull in, put, resort, run (down), send, set, X (well) stricken
(in age), X surely, take (in), way.
בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): come.
: come/go_in
1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to enter, come in
1a2) to come
1a2a) to come with
1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)
1a2c) to come to pass
1a3) to attain to
1a4) to be enumerated
1a5) to go
1b) (Hiphil)
1b1) to lead in
1b2) to carry in
1b3) to bring in, cause to come in, gather, cause to come, bring near, bring against, bring upon
1b4) to bring to pass
1c) (Hophal)
1c1) to be brought, brought in
1c2) to be introduced, be put
לְב֥וֹא (bo) — Lebo-(Hamath).
This name means to go in, enter
Combined with cha.mat (חֲמָת "Hamath" H2574)
בּוֹא (bo) — to come (in): towards.
: towards/entrance
1) to go in, enter, come, go, come in
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to enter, come in
1a2) to come
1a2a) to come with
1a2b) to come upon, fall or light upon, attack (enemy)
1a2c) to come to pass
1a3) to attain to
1a4) to be enumerated
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine pluralHVqrmpa
The Hebrew word נְאֻם (*n'um*) means 'utterance' or 'oracle,' derived from the root meaning 'to say.' It refers to declarations, often made by prophets, particularly in ecstatic states or preceding divine names. The entries consistently highlight its prophetic context without significant disagreement.
נְאֻם 376 n.m. utterance
base
H5002 נְאֻם utterance
5002 n'um neh-oom'
from 5001; an oracle:--(hath) said, saith.
see HEBREW for 05001
נְאֻם (ne.um) — utterance.
1) (Qal) utterance, declaration (of prophet)
1a) utterance, declaration, revelation (of prophet in ecstatic state)
1b) utterance, declaration (elsewhere always preceding divine name)
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular constructHNcmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'
יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)
יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb
יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D
the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy
יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh
base
H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel
3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'
from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish
national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.
see HEBREW for 01961
see HEBREW for 03050
see HEBREW for 03069
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.
Jehovah = "the existing One"
1) the proper name of the one true God
1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.
Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.
Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)
N-proper — Noun properHNpt
The Hebrew word שָׁלַח (shalach) is a primitive root meaning 'to send' with a wide range of applications. It can refer to sending away, stretching out (especially a hand), or letting go. The entries indicate various forms, including sending off, casting out, and setting free. Notably, it can also imply divorce or being sent away in a marital context.
שָׁלַח 814 vb. send
Qal
send: human subj.
send: subj. י׳ (God)
stretch out, esp. acc. hand
rarely send away: human subj.
let loose
Niph. letters were sent
Pi.
send off, away, human subj.
send away, subj. י׳
give over
cast out
send out, forth
let go, set free
shoot forth branches
let down
shoot
Phrases
Pu. be sent off (started on journey); be put away, divorced, of wife; be impelled(?)
Hiph. and I (י׳) will send
base
H7971 שָׁלַח send .. send: human subj.
. send: subj. י׳ (God)
. stretch out, esp. acc. hand
. rarely send away: human subj.
. let loose
. letters were sent
. . send off, away, human subj.
. . send away, subj. י׳
. give over
. cast out
. send out, forth
. let go, set free
. shoot forth branches
. let down
. shoot
. Phrases
. be sent off (started on journey); be put away, divorced, of wife; be impelled(?)
. and I (י׳) will send
7971 shalach shaw-lakh'
a primitive root; to send away, for, or out (in a great
variety of applications):--X any wise, appoint, bring (on the
way), cast (away, out), conduct, X earnestly, forsake, give
(up), grow long, lay, leave, let depart (down, go, loose),
push away, put (away, forth, in, out), reach forth, send
(away, forth, out), set, shoot (forth, out), sow, spread,
stretch forth (out).
שָׁלַח (sha.lach) — to send: depart.
: depart/send
1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to send
1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct
1a3) to send away
1a4) to let loose
1b) (Niphal) to be sent
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out
1c2) to let go, set free
1c3) to shoot forth (of branches)
1c4) to let down
1c5) to shoot
1d) (Pual) to be sent off, be put away, be divorced, be impelled
1e) (Hiphil) to send
שָׁלַח (sha.lach) — to send: let go.
: let_go/free
1) to send, send away, let go, stretch out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to send
1a2) to stretch out, extend, direct
1a3) to send away
1a4) to let loose
1b) (Niphal) to be sent
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to send off or away or out or forth, dismiss, give over, cast out
1c2) to let go, set free
1c3) to shoot forth (of branches)
1c4) to let down
1c5) to shoot
Conj | V-Piel-1cs — Verb · Piel · sequential perfect first person common singularHc/Vpq1cs
וֹ (o) — him.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular
HRd/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffixHRd/Sp3ms
צָעָה (tsa`ah) is a Hebrew verb that primarily means to stoop, bend, or incline. It can also refer to tipping over, particularly in the context of pouring out or emptying a vessel. The word encompasses actions like bending under a burden and can imply a sense of depopulation or imprisonment. The lexicons indicate a range of meanings, but there is no significant disagreement among them.
[צָעָה] vb. stoop, bend, incline
Qal
one stooping (under a burden), bending
trans. men inclining, tipping a vessel, to empty it.
Pi. I will send tippers and they shall tip him over
base
H6808 צָעָה stoop, bend, incline
6808 tsa`ah tsaw-aw'
a primitive root; to tip over (for the purpose of spilling or
pouring out), i.e. (figuratively) depopulate; by implication,
to imprison or conquer; (reflexive) to lie down (for
coitus):--captive exile, travelling, (cause to) wander(-er).
צָעָה (tsa.ah) — to march.
1) to stoop, bend, incline
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to stoop, bend
1a2) to incline, tip
1b) (Piel) to tip over
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine pluralHVqrmpa
צָעָה (tsa`ah) is a Hebrew verb that primarily means to stoop, bend, or incline. It can also refer to tipping over, particularly in the context of pouring out or emptying a vessel. The word encompasses actions like bending under a burden and can imply a sense of depopulation or imprisonment. The lexicons indicate a range of meanings, but there is no significant disagreement among them.
[צָעָה] vb. stoop, bend, incline
Qal
one stooping (under a burden), bending
trans. men inclining, tipping a vessel, to empty it.
Pi. I will send tippers and they shall tip him over
base
H6808 צָעָה stoop, bend, incline
6808 tsa`ah tsaw-aw'
a primitive root; to tip over (for the purpose of spilling or
pouring out), i.e. (figuratively) depopulate; by implication,
to imprison or conquer; (reflexive) to lie down (for
coitus):--captive exile, travelling, (cause to) wander(-er).
צָעָה (tsa.ah) — to march.
1) to stoop, bend, incline
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to stoop, bend
1a2) to incline, tip
1b) (Piel) to tip over
Conj | V-Piel-3cp | Suff — Verb piel sequential perfect third person common plural · suffixHc/Vpq3cp/Sp3ms
כְּלִי (kliy) refers to an article or utensil, encompassing a wide range of objects such as vessels, tools, and implements used for various purposes, including music and warfare. It is derived from a root meaning 'to prepare' and can denote anything from furniture to weapons. The entries highlight its general use in the Old Testament without significant disagreement among lexicons.
כְּלִי 324 n.m. article, utensil, vessel
base
H3627 כְּלִי article, utensil, vessel
3627 kliy kel-ee'
from 3615; something prepared, i.e. any apparatus (as an
implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon):--armour
((-bearer)), artillery, bag, carriage, + furnish, furniture,
instrument, jewel, that is made of, X one from another, that
which pertaineth, pot, + psaltery, sack, stuff, thing, tool,
vessel, ware, weapon, + whatsoever.
see HEBREW for 03615
כְּלִי (ke.li) — article/utensil.
1) article, vessel, implement, utensil
1a) article, object (general)
1b) utensil, implement, apparatus, vessel
1b1) implement (of hunting or war)
1b2) implement (of music)
1b3) implement, tool (of labour)
1b4) equipment, yoke (of oxen)
1b5) utensils, furniture
1c) vessel, receptacle (general)
1d) vessels (boats) of paper-reed
Conj | N-mp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp3ms
רִיק (ruq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to empty or pour out. It includes actions such as making something empty, pouring down, or drawing a sword. The Hiphil form indicates causing something to be emptied, while the Hophal form refers to being emptied out. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including empty vessels and rain.
[רִיק] vb. Hiph. make empty, empty out
empty vessels
pour out or down, rain
empty out (i.e. draw) sword
Hoph. be emptied out from vessel
base
H7324 רִיק Hiph. make empty, empty out . empty vessels
. pour out or down, rain
. empty out (i.e. draw) sword
. be emptied out from vessel
7324 ruwq rook
a primitive root; to pour out (literally or figuratively),
i.e. empty:--X arm, cast out, draw (out), (make) empty, pour
forth (out).
רִיק (ruq) — to empty.
1) to make empty, empty out
1a) (Hiphil)
1a1) to empty, keep empty or hungry
1a2) to pour out or down
1a3) to empty out
1b) (Hophal) to be emptied out
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVhi3mp
נֵ֫בֶל (nevel) refers to both a container and a musical instrument. It can denote a skin-bottle or jar used for liquids, as well as a harp or lute. The word is derived from a root meaning to collapse, reflecting its use for a flexible container. The entries consistently highlight these two main meanings without significant disagreement.
נֵ֫בֶל n.m.
skin-bottle, skin
jar, pitcher
base
נֵ֫בֶל, נֶ֫בֶל n.m. a musical instrument, either a portable harp, or a lute, guitar
base
H5035a נֵ֫בֶל . skin-bottle, skin
. jar, pitcher
H5035b נֵ֫בֶל, נֶ֫בֶל a musical instrument, either a portable harp, or a lute, guitar
5035 nebel neh'-bel
or nebel {nay'-bel}; from 5034; a skin-bag for liquids (from
collapsing when empty); hence, a vase (as similar in shape
when full); also a lyre (as having a body of like
form):--bottle, pitcher, psaltery, vessel, viol.
see HEBREW for 05034
נֵ֫בֶל (ne.vel) — bag.
1) a skin-bag, jar, pitcher
1a) skin-bottle, skin
1b) jar, pitcher (earthen)
נֵ֫בֶל (ne.vel) — harp.
harp, lute, guitar, musical instrument
Conj | N-mp | Suff — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHC/Ncmpc/Sp3mp
נָפַץ (naphats) is a Hebrew verb meaning to shatter or disperse. It encompasses actions such as breaking into pieces, scattering, and pulverizing. The word appears in various forms, including Qal (to shatter), Piel (to dash to pieces), and Pual (to pulverize). The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[נָפַץ] vb. shatter
Qal and a shattering (= and shattered) the jars
Pi. dash to pieces
Pu. like chalk-stones pulverized.
base
נָפַץ vb. disperse, be scattered
base
H5310a נָפַץ shatter H5310b נָפַץ disperse, be scattered
5310 naphats naw-fats'
a primitive root; to dash to pieces, or scatter:--be beaten
in sunder, break (in pieces), broken, dash (in pieces), cause
to be discharged, dispersed, be overspread, scatter.
נָפַץ (na.phats) — to shatter.
1) to shatter, break, dash, beat in pieces
1a)(Qal)
1a1) to shatter
1a2) shattering (infinitive)
1b) (Piel) to dash to pieces
1c) (Pual) to pulverise
נָפַץ (na.phats) — to disperse.
1) be scattered
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be scattered
1a2) dispersed (participle)
V-Piel-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Piel · imperfect third person masculine pluralHVpi3mp