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Jeremiah 30:19 — Word Study

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WLCוְיָצָ֥א מֵהֶ֛ם תּוֹדָ֖ה וְק֣וֹל מְשַׂחֲקִ֑ים וְהִרְבִּתִים֙ וְלֹ֣א יִמְעָ֔טוּ וְהִכְבַּדְתִּ֖ים וְלֹ֥א יִצְעָֽרוּ׃

BSAThanksgivingtôwdâh [praise, worship] will proceedyâtsâʼ a soundqôwl [voice] of celebrationsâchaq [laughter, joyful shouting] I will multiply themrâbâh [increase, grow] and they will notlôʼ be decreasedmâʻaṭ [made few, diminished] I will honor themkâbad [glorify, make weighty] and they will notlôʼ be belittledtsâʻar [made small, treated as insignificant]

Word
Listen & take awayJeremiah 30
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 19 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (yitz.'A.ru) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Jeremiah 30:19quick helps
In a sentenceGod promises a future filled with thanksgiving and joy, ensuring His people will multiply and be honored.
Who is speakingThe LORD, speaking through the prophet Jeremiah.
Where we areIn a prophetic message about restoration and blessing for Israel.
The hard wordוְיָצָ֥א
Take awayGod's blessings will be abundant and His people will be treated with dignity.
5 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbיָצָא The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Jeremiah 30:19

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Promise of Restorationgenerated

18This is what the LORD says: “I will restore the fortunes of Jacob’s tents and have compassion on his dwellings. And the city will be rebuilt on her own ruins, and the palace will stand in its rightful place.
19Thanksgiving will proceed from them, a sound of celebration. I will multiply them, and they will not be decreased; I will honor them, and they will not be belittled.
20Their children will be as in days of old, and their congregation will be established before Me; and I will punish all their oppressors.
21Their leader will be one of their own, and their ruler will arise from their midst. And I will bring him near, and he will approach Me, for who would dare on his own to approach Me?” declares the LORD.

Jeremiah 30:19 describes a time when God will restore His people, bringing forth thanksgiving and joy. This verse emphasizes the transformation of their circumstances, highlighting God's commitment to multiply them and honor them, contrasting their previous state of oppression.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Jeremiah 31:4–12Again I will build you, and you will be rebuilt, O Virgin Israel. Again you will take up your tambourines and go out in joyful dancing.
2Jeremiah 33:10–11This is what the LORD says: In this place you say is a wasteland without man or beast, in the cities of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem that are deserted—inhabited by neither man nor beast—there will be heard again
3Ezra 3:10–13When the builders had laid the foundation of the temple of the LORD, the priests in their apparel with trumpets, and the Levites (the sons of Asaph) with cymbals, took their positions to praise the LORD, as David king of Israel had prescribed.
4Ezra 6:22For seven days they kept the Feast of Unleavened Bread with joy, because the LORD had made them joyful and turned the heart of the king of Assyria toward them to strengthen their hands in the work on the house of the God of Israel.
5Nehemiah 8:12–17Then all the people began to eat and drink, to send out portions, and to rejoice greatly, because they understood the words that had been made known to them.

The Key Word וְיָצָא, ve.ya.Tza'generated

The verb יָצָא (yatsa') means 'to go out' or 'to come out.' It is used in various contexts in the Hebrew Bible, often indicating movement from one place to another, or the emergence of something new. In this verse, it signifies the outpouring of thanksgiving and joy from the people.

This verb is in the sequential perfect form, suggesting a completed action that leads to subsequent events. The emphasis here is on the act of thanksgiving that will emerge from the people, marking a significant change in their relationship with God.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

In this study, the verse is read in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses thanksgiving for תּוֹדָה and sound of celebration for וְק֣וֹל.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb וְיָצָא (and it will go out) governs the main clause, indicating the action of thanksgiving proceeding from the people. This is followed by a series of clauses that elaborate on God's promises regarding multiplication and honor.

The structure presents a clear progression: first, the act of thanksgiving, then the assurances of increase and honor, culminating in the negation of diminishment and insignificance. This flow emphasizes the positive transformation God is bringing about.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates וְיָצָא as ἐχελεύσονται, which suggests a gathering or coming together, focusing on the collective aspect of thanksgiving. This choice shows a slight shift from the individual to the communal expression of joy.

This translation reflects an interpretive layer, highlighting the importance of community in worship and celebration, which is a significant aspect of the original Hebrew context.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Jeremiah 30:19 speaks of a future where God will bring forth thanksgiving and joy from His people. He promises to multiply them and honor them, ensuring they will not be diminished or treated as insignificant. This reflects God's commitment to restore and bless His people.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean that thanksgiving will proceed from them?

It signifies that the people will express gratitude and joy as a result of God's blessings and restoration.

How does God promise to multiply His people?

God assures that He will increase their numbers and prosperity, contrasting their previous state of decline.

What does it mean to honor them?

To honor them means to treat them with dignity and respect, elevating their status in the eyes of others.

Why does God emphasize that they will not be belittled?

This emphasizes God's commitment to restoring their value and significance, ensuring they are not treated as insignificant or oppressed.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How can I express thanksgiving in my life as a response to God's blessings?
  2. In what ways have I seen God multiply His blessings in my life or community?
  3. What does it mean to honor others, and how can I practice this in my relationships?
  4. How can I support those who feel belittled or insignificant in my community?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Ephrem the Syrian comments on this passage, emphasizing God's promise to multiply His people and restore their congregation.

Ephrem the SyrianCOMMENTARY ON Jeremiah 30:19-20 c. 306–373
“I will multiply them, and they will not be diminished. Their congregation will be before my face,” as during the time of Moses, Aaron and Joshua.
Early Church Fathers on Jeremiah 30 →

Commentators on this verse — 5 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Jeremiah 30:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And out of them shall proceed thanksgiving, and the voice of them that make merry,.... That is, out of Jacob's tents and dwelling places, the city and palaces of Jerusalem; for those who will inhabit

Read John Gill on Jeremiah 30 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And out of them shall proceed thanksgiving and the voice of them that make merry: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; I will also glorify them, and they shall not be small.

Read Robert Jamieson on Jeremiah 30 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Out of them shall proceed thanksgiving; thanksgiving to God, as , either thank-offerings, ,13, or vocal thanksgivings. And the voice of them that make merry; either in a religious sense, or in a civil sense if it be taken in the former, it signifieth their mirth at their religious festivals, of which we read much in Scripture, 118:15, &c.; if in the latter, it signifieth their happy and joyful state after their restoration. I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; though they be diminished in the captivity, yet I will return to them in my wonted providences, and multiply them according to my promise to Abraham, so as they shall be for number many. I will also glorify them, and they…

Read Matthew Poole on Jeremiah 30 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Jeremiah 30:19 And out of them shall proceed thanksgiving and the voice of them that make merry: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; I will also glorify them, and they shall not be small.Ver. 19. And out of them shall proceed thanksgiving.] Mox ubi fides, inde prodit et laus et confessio. Faith is a fruitful grace, the very womb wherein all the rest are conceived.

Read John Trapp on Jeremiah 30 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 19. I will multiply them] They shall be very numerous; even where at present they have but tents. I will also glorify them] I will put honour upon them every where, so that they shall be no longer contemptible. This will be a very great change, for they are now despised all over the earth.

Read AdamClarke on Jeremiah 30 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Thanksgiving will proceed from them, a sound of celebration. I will multiply them, and they will not be decreased; I will honor them, and they will not be belittled.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Thanksgiving will proceed out of them with the voice of those who make merry. I will multiply them, and they will not be few; I will also glorify them, and they will not be small.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Thanksgiving will proceed from them, a sound of celebration. I will multiply them, and they will not be decreased; I will honor them, and they will not be belittled.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Out of those places you will hear songs of thanksgiving and the sounds of laughter and merriment. I will increase their number and they will not dwindle away. I will bring them honor and they will no longer be despised.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And out of them shall proceed thanksgiving and the voice of them that make merry: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; I will also glorify them, and they shall not be small.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And out of them shall proceed thanksgiving and the voice of them that make merry: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; I will also glorify them, and they shall not be small.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And out of them shall proceed thanksgiving and the voice of them that make merry: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; I will also glorify them, and they shall not be small.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And out of them shall proceed thanksgiving and the voice of them that make merry: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be few; I will also glorify them, and they shall not be small.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And out of them shall proceede thankesgiuing, and the voyce of them that are ioyous, and I will multiplie them, and they shall not bee fewe: I will also glorifie them, and they shall not be diminished.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

And out of them shall proceed thanksgiving, and the voice of them that make merry: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be diminished; and I will honour them, and they shall not be small.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And gone forth from them hath thanksgiving, And the voice of playful ones, And I have multiplied them and they are not few, And made them honourable, and they are not small.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And thanksgiving has gone forth from them, || And the voice of playful ones, || And I have multiplied them and they are not few, || And made them honorable, and they are not small.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And there shall proceed out of them thanksgiving, and the voice of those that make merry: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be diminished; I will also make them numerous, and they shall not be made few in number.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Then a song of praise and a sound of merriment will go out from them, for I will increase them and not diminish them; I will honor them so they will not be humbled.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And out of them shall come forth praise, and the voice of them that play: and I will multiply them, and they shall not be made few: and I will glorify them, and they shall not be lessened.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

People will be singing songs of thanks, the sounds of celebration. I will increase their number—they will not become less. I will honor them—they will not be treated as insignificant.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And from them will go out praise and the sound of laughing: and I will make them great in number, and they will not become less; and I will give them glory, and they will not be small.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וְandclauseverbיָצָ֥אit.will.go.outprepositional phrase · prepositionalמֵfromהֶ֛םthemnoun phrase · subjectתּוֹדָ֖הthanksgivingוְand.[the]noun phraseק֣וֹלsoundמְשַׂחֲקִ֑יםof.merry.makersוְandclauseclauseclauseverbהִרְבִּתִיIobjectם֙will.multiply.themוְandclauseadverbialלֹ֣אnotverbיִמְעָ֔טוּthey.will.diminishוְandclauseclauseverbהִכְבַּדְתִּ֖יIobjectםwill.make.them.honoredוְandclauseadverbialלֹ֥אnotverbיִצְעָֽרוּthey.will.be.insignificant

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with the Septuagint showing a few variations in structure. The Dead Sea Scrolls also align closely with the Masoretic Text, though some words are restored by editors, indicating minor textual variations.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וְיָצָ֥א מֵהֶ֛ם תּוֹדָ֖ה וְק֣וֹל מְשַׂחֲקִ֑ים וְהִרְבִּתִים֙ וְלֹ֣א יִמְעָ֔טוּ וְהִכְבַּדְתִּ֖ים וְלֹ֥א יִצְעָֽרוּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וְיָצָ֥אἐχελεύσονταιמֵהֶ֛םαὐτῶνתּוֹדָ֖הᾄδοντεςוְק֣וֹלφωνὴמְשַׂחֲקִ֑יםπαιζόντωνוְהִרְבִּתִים֙αὐτούςוְלֹ֣אοὐיִמְעָ֔טוּἐλαττωθῶσιν

8 of the 11 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q72a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

ויצא ׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳ מ׳הם תודה וקול משחקים והרביתי׳ם [ולא] ימעטו ׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳ והכבדתי׳ם ולא יצערו

9 words on the leather — 3 partly restored, 1 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Jeremiah 30:19יָצָאand it willand it will go יָצָאהֶםfrom themfrom themהֶםתּוֹדָהthanksgivinthanksgivingתּוֹדָהקוֹלand [the] sand [the] soundקוֹלשָׂחַקmerry makermerry makersשָׂחַקרָבָהand I will and I will multרָבָהלֹאand notand notלֹאמָעַטthey will dthey will diminמָעַטכָּבֵדand I will and I will makeכָּבֵדלֹאand notand notלֹאצָעַרthey will bthey will be inצָעַריָדָהto give thto give thanksיָדָהרָבַבto multiplto multiply tenרָבַביָכֹלbe ablebe ableיָכֹלעוֹדstillstillעוֹדקָרָאto encountto encounter: mקָרָאגּוֹרָלallottedallottedגּוֹרָלזֶ֫בַחsacrificesacrificeזֶ֫בַחזָבַחto sacrifito sacrificeזָבַחתְּרוּעָהshoutshoutתְּרוּעָהשֹׁפָרtrumpettrumpetשֹׁפָרלָעַגto mockto mockלָעַגשַׁעֲשֻׁעִיםdelightdelightשַׁעֲשֻׁעִיםפָּרָהbe fruitfube fruitfulפָּרָהמָעַטto diministo diminishמָעַטמִקְנָהpurchasepurchaseמִקְנָהרָבָהto multiplto multiplyרָבָהעֹלyokeyokeעֹללֹאnotnotלֹא
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Jeremiah 30:19

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and it will go out from them thanksgiving and [the] sound of merry makers and I will multiply them and not they will diminish and I will make honored them and not they will be insignificant
וְיָצָ֥אve.ya.Tza' and it will go out H3318 Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
1,067× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to go out or come out, and it's used in many different ways, like leaving a place or starting a new journey, as seen in Genesis and Exodus.
Tyndale gloss
to come out: come
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָצָא (yatsa') is a Hebrew verb meaning to go or come out, with various applications including departure, escape, and emergence. It can refer to both animate and inanimate subjects and emphasizes the idea of origin or source. The verb appears in different forms, such as Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating actions like leading out or being brought forth.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָצָא 1068 vb. go or come out

Qal

go or come out or forth

from (מִן) a place

go forth from (the presence of) a person

in technical senses

of flight, involving escape

depart

of inanimate things

with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source

of children as going forth from loins (of father)

go forth to a place

go forward, proceed to or toward something

come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result

of combinations

Hiph.

cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.

bring out animals

inanimate obj.

fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)

Hoph. be brought forth

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3318 יָצָא go or come out .. go or come out or forth . from (מִן) a place

. go forth from (the presence of) a person

. in technical senses

. of flight, involving escape

. depart

. of inanimate things

. with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source

. of children as going forth from loins (of father)

. . go forth to a place

. go forward, proceed to or toward something

. come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result

. of combinations

. . cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

. fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.

. bring out animals

. inanimate obj.

. fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)

. be brought forth

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3318 yatsa' yaw-tsaw'

a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great

variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct

and proxim.:--X after, appear, X assuredly, bear out, X

begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come

(abroad, out, thereat, without), + be condemned,

depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact,

fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence,

out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out),

going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out,

lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, X

scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring

out, stand out, X still, X surely, take forth (out), at any

time, X to (and fro), utter.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: come.

: come/go_out/escape

1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart

1a2) to go forth (to a place)

1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)

1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)

1a5) to come out of

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

1b2) to bring out of

1b3) to lead out

1b4) to deliver

1c) (Hophal) to be brought out or forth

יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: send.

: send/take_out/release

1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart

1a2) to go forth (to a place)

1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)

1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)

1a5) to come out of

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

1b2) to bring out of

1b3) to lead out

1b4) to deliver

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Qal-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential perfect third person masculine singular
Hc/Vqq3ms
and it will go out from them thanksgiving and [the] sound of merry makers and I will multiply them and not they will diminish and I will make honored them and not they will be insignificant
מֵהֶ֛םme.Hem from them H9038 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֶם (hem) — them.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp3mp
and it will go out from them thanksgiving and [the] sound of merry makers and I will multiply them and not they will diminish and I will make honored them and not they will be insignificant
תּוֹדָ֖הto.Dah thanksgiving H8426 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
32× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means thanksgiving or praise, often in the form of worship or a song. It appears in Psalm 100:1, a call to worship God with thanksgiving. The Israelites used it to express gratitude to God.
Amplified meaning
praise, worship
Tyndale gloss
thanksgiving
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תּוֹדָה (to-dah) means 'thanksgiving' and encompasses various forms of praise, including songs of worship and thank-offerings. It is derived from the root meaning 'to extend the hand' and can refer to a choir or procession of worshippers. The entries consistently highlight its liturgical context and the act of giving thanks to God.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תּוֹדָה n.f. thanksgiving

give praise to י׳

thanksgiving in songs of liturgical worship

thanksgiving choir, procession, line, company

thank-offering

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8426 תּוֹדָה thanksgiving . give praise to י׳

. thanksgiving in songs of liturgical worship

. thanksgiving choir, procession, line, company

. thank=offering

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8426 towdah to-daw'

from 3034; properly, an extension of the hand, i.e. (by

implication) avowal, or (usually) adoration; specifically, a

choir of worshippers:--confession, (sacrifice of) praise,

thanks(-giving, offering).

see HEBREW for 03034

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תּוֹדָה (to.dah) — thanksgiving.

1) confession, praise, thanksgiving

1a) give praise to God

1b) thanksgiving in songs of liturgical worship, hymn of praise

1c) thanksgiving choir or procession or line or company

1d) thank-offering, sacrifice of thanksgiving

1e) confession

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ See PRAISE

→ See THANKFULNESS

Torrey's New Topical Textbook

- Christ set an example of

Mt 11:25; 26:27; Joh 6:11; 11:41

- The heavenly host engaged in

Re 4:9; 7:11,12; 11:16,17

- Commanded

Ps 50:14; Php 4:6

- Is a good thing

Ps 92:1

- SHOULD BE OFFERED

. To God

Ps 50:14

. To Christ

1Ti 1:12

. Through Christ

Ro 1:8; Col 3:17; Heb 13:15

. In the name of Christ

and it will go out from them thanksgiving and [the] sound of merry makers and I will multiply them and not they will diminish and I will make honored them and not they will be insignificant
וְק֣וֹלve.Kol and [the] sound of H6963 Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
506× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A voice or sound, it can refer to the sound of a person speaking, an animal, or a musical instrument. In the Bible, it is often used to describe God's voice or the sound of praise and worship.
Amplified meaning
voice
Tyndale gloss
voice: sound
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קוֹל (qol) primarily means 'voice' or 'sound,' encompassing various contexts such as music, noise, and even thunder. It can also denote lightness or frivolity. The word is built from a root meaning to call aloud and appears in various forms throughout the Old Testament, including a reference in Jeremiah 3:9.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קוֹל 506 n.m. sound, voice

base

קֹל n.[m.] lightness, frivolity;—Je 3:9

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6963a קוֹל sound, voice H6963b קֹל lightness, frivolity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6963 qowl kole

or qol {kole}; from an unused root meaning to call aloud; a

voice or sound:--+ aloud, bleating, crackling, cry (+ out),

fame, lightness, lowing, noise, + hold peace, (pro-)claim,

proclamation, + sing, sound, + spark, thunder(-ing), voice, +

yell.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קוֹל (qol) — voice.

: voice/shout/loud

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קֹל (qol) — frivolity.

lightness, frivolity

קוֹל (qol) — voice: sound.

: sound/noise

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: thunder.

: thunder

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: message.

: message/proclaim

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: [sound of].

: [sound_of](THING)

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

קוֹל (qol) — voice: listen.

: listen

1) voice, sound, noise

1a) voice

1b) sound (of instrument)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular construct
HC/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and it will go out from them thanksgiving and [the] sound of merry makers and I will multiply them and not they will diminish and I will make honored them and not they will be insignificant
מְשַׂחֲקִ֑יםme.sa.cha.Kim merry makers H7832 Verb · Piel · participle (active) masculine plural
36× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to laugh, often in contempt or derision, as seen in Genesis 21:9 when Ishmael mocks Isaac. It can also mean to play or make sport, like in Psalm 104:26 where God plays with the whale. In the Bible, it appears over 50 times, including in the book of Job.
Amplified meaning
laughter, joyful shouting
Tyndale gloss
to laugh
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׂחַק (sachaq) is a Hebrew verb meaning to laugh, with connotations of playfulness and mockery. It can express laughter in pleasure or derision, as well as the act of playing or making sport. The entries indicate various forms, such as Qal for general laughter, Piel for making sport, and Hiphil for mockery.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שָׂחַק vb. laugh

Qal 

laugh at

appar. of friendly laugh

sport, play

Pi.

make sport

jest

play

Hiph. (declar.) they uttered mockery

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7832 שָׂחַק laugh

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7832 sachaq saw-khak'

a primitive root; to laugh (in pleasure or detraction); by

implication, to play:--deride, have in derision, laugh, make

merry, mock(-er), play, rejoice, (laugh to) scorn, be in

(make) sport.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׂחַק (sa.chaq) — to laugh.

1) to laugh, play, mock

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to laugh (usually in contempt or derision)

1a2) to sport, play

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to make sport

1b2) to jest

1b3) to play (including instrumental music, singing, dancing)

1c) (Hiphil) to laugh mockingly

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel — Verb · Piel · participle (active) masculine plural
HVprmpa
and it will go out from them thanksgiving and [the] sound of merry makers and I will multiply them and not they will diminish and I will make honored them and not they will be insignificant
וְהִרְבִּתִים֙ve.hir.bi.Tim and I will multiply them H7235 Verb hiphil sequential perfect first person common singular · suffix
227× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means to increase or grow, like a plant shooting up. It is used in the Bible to describe something getting bigger or more abundant. The KJV translates it as abundance or bring up.
Amplified meaning
increase, grow
Tyndale gloss
to multiply
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רָבָה (rabah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to increase or multiply, encompassing ideas of becoming great, numerous, or abundant. It has various forms, including Qal (to become many), Piel (to make large), and Hiphil (to make much). The word also appears in a context related to shooting in Genesis 21:20. There is a noted Aramaic equivalent, רְבָה.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[רָבָה] 225 vb. be, or become, much, many, great

Qal 59

become many, numerous

be great

grow great (Aramaism)

Pi. 4 make large, increase

Hiph. 162

make much or many

make great, obj. pers.

base

[רָבָה] vb. shoot;—only Qal Gn 21:20

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7235a רָבָה be, or become, much, many, great .. become many, numerous

. . be great

. grow great (Aramaism)

. make large, increase

. . make much or many

. make great, obj. pers.

H7235b רָבָה shoot

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7235 rabah raw-baw'

a primitive root; to increase (in whatever respect):--(bring

in) abundance (X -antly), + archer (by mistake for 7232), be

in authority, bring up, X continue, enlarge, excel,

exceeding(-ly), be full of, (be, make) great(-er, -ly,

X -ness), grow up, heap, increase, be long, (be, give, have,

make, use) many (a time), (any, be, give, give the, have) more

(in number), (ask, be, be so, gather, over, take, yield) much

(greater, more), (make to) multiply, nourish, plenty(-eous), X

process (of time), sore, store, thoroughly, very.

see HEBREW for 07232

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רָבָה (ra.vah) — to multiply.

1) be or become great, be or become many, be or become much, be or become numerous

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to become many, become numerous, multiply (of people, animals, things)

1a2) to be or grow great

1b) (Piel) to make large, enlarge, increase, become many

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to make much, make many, have many

1c1a) to multiply, increase

1c1b) to make much to do, do much in respect of, transgress greatly

1c1c) to increase greatly or exceedingly

1c2) to make great, enlarge, do much

Aramaic equivalent: re.vah (רְבָה "to grow great" H7236)

רָבָה (ra.vah) — to shoot.

(Qal) to shoot

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hiphil-1cs | Suff — Verb hiphil sequential perfect first person common singular · suffix
Hc/Vhq1cs/Sp3mp
and it will go out from them thanksgiving and [the] sound of merry makers and I will multiply them and not they will diminish and I will make honored them and not they will be insignificant
וְלֹ֣אve.Lo' and not H3808 Conjunction · particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it will go out from them thanksgiving and [the] sound of merry makers and I will multiply them and not they will diminish and I will make honored them and not they will be insignificant
יִמְעָ֔טוּyim.'A.tu they will diminish H4591 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
22× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to make something smaller or less. It can describe reducing a quantity or making something less effective. The KJV translates it as diminish or make few.
Amplified meaning
made few, diminished
Tyndale gloss
to diminish
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word מָעַט (ma`at) means to diminish or become small. It can refer to being few in number or making something smaller or fewer. The entries indicate its use in various forms, including Qal, Piel, and Hiphil, covering both intransitive and causative meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מָעַט] vb. be or become small, diminished, few

Qal be too small for a lamb

Pi. become few

Hiph. make small or few, diminish

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4591 מָעַט be or become small, diminished, few .be too small for a lamb

. become few

. make small or few, diminish

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4591 ma`at maw-at'

a primitive root; properly, to pare off, i.e. lessen;

intransitively, to be (or causatively, to make) small or few

(or figuratively, ineffective):--suffer to decrease,

diminish, (be, X borrow a, give, make) few (in number, -ness),

gather least (little), be (seem) little, (X give the) less, be

minished, bring to nothing.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָעַט (ma.at) — to diminish.

1) to be or become small, be few, be diminished

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to diminish

1a2) to be too small

1b) (Piel) to become few

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to make small, make few, diminish

1c2) to give less

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVqi3mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

di-min'-ish: the Revised Version (British and American) has retained nearly all passages of the King James Version where "to diminish" is used. Some of these uses have become obsolete: De 4:2, "neither shall ye diminish from it." "Diminish" generally means "to reduce," "to lessen." In this sense it is employed in Eze 5:11 from the Hebrew gara`, literally, "to shear." The picture of shearing the beard, expressing degradation and loss of manhood, may underlie this passage.

and it will go out from them thanksgiving and [the] sound of merry makers and I will multiply them and not they will diminish and I will make honored them and not they will be insignificant
וְהִכְבַּדְתִּ֖יםve.hikh.bad.Tim and I will make honored them H3513 Verb hiphil sequential perfect first person common singular · suffix
113× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word can mean to honor or make something weighty, like when God is glorified in Psalm 138, or to be heavy with burdens, as the Israelites were in Exodus 18.
Amplified meaning
glorify, make weighty
Tyndale gloss
to honor: honour
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word כָּבֵד (kabad) is built from a primitive root meaning 'to be heavy.' It covers a range of meanings, including being burdensome, weighty, or honorable. The word can describe both a negative sense of heaviness or dullness and a positive sense of honor or glory. It appears in various forms, such as making oneself heavy or being made honorable.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כָּבֵד vb. be heavy, weighty, burdensome, honoured

Qal

be heavy, in weight

heavy, insensible, dull

be honoured

Niph.

pass.

be made heavy fr. abundance

be honoured, enjoy honour, of man

medial, get oneself glory (or honour), of God

Pi.

make heavy, insensible

make honourable, honour, glorify, usu. c. human subj.

Pu. be made honourable, honoured

Hiph.

make heavy

make heavy, dull, unresponsive, the ears

cause to be honoured

Hithp.

make oneself heavy, dense, numerous

honour oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3513 כָּבֵד be heavy, weighty, burdensome, honoured .. be heavy, in weight

. heavy, insensible, dull

. be honoured

. . pass. . be made heavy fr. abundance

. be honoured, enjoy honour, of man

. medial, get oneself glory (or honour), of God

. . make heavy, insensible

. make honourable, honour, glorify, usu. c. human subj.

. be made honourable, honoured

. . make heavy

. make heavy, dull, unresponsive, the ears

. cause to be honoured

. . make oneself heavy, dense, numerous

. honour oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3513 kabad kaw-bad'

or kabed {kaw-bade'}; a primitive root; to be heavy, i.e. in

a bad sense (burdensome, severe, dull) or in a good sense

(numerous, rich, honorable; causatively, to make weighty (in

the same two senses):--abounding with, more grievously

afflict, boast, be chargeable, X be dim, glorify, be (make)

glorious (things), glory, (very) great, be grievous, harden,

be (make) heavy, be heavier, lay heavily, (bring to, come to,

do, get, be had in) honour (self), (be) honourable (man),

lade, X more be laid, make self many, nobles, prevail, promote

(to honour), be rich, be (go) sore, stop.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כָּבֵד (ka.vad) — to honor: honour.

: honour/glory

1) to be heavy, be weighty, be grievous, be hard, be rich, be honourable, be glorious, be burdensome, be honoured

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be heavy

1a2) to be heavy, be insensible, be dull

1a3) to be honoured

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to be made heavy, be honoured, enjoy honour, be made abundant

1b2) to get oneself glory or honour, gain glory

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to make heavy, make dull, make insensible

1c2) to make honourable, honour, glorify

1d) (Pual) to be made honourable, be honoured

1e) (Hiphil)

1e1) to make heavy

1e2) to make heavy, make dull, make unresponsive

1e3) to cause to be honoured

1f) (Hithpael)

1f1) to make oneself heavy, make oneself dense, make oneself numerous

1f2) to honour oneself

כָּבֵד (ka.vad) — to honor: heavy.

: heavy/severe

1) to be heavy, be weighty, be grievous, be hard, be rich, be honourable, be glorious, be burdensome, be honoured

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hiphil-1cs | Suff — Verb hiphil sequential perfect first person common singular · suffix
Hc/Vhq1cs/Sp3mp
and it will go out from them thanksgiving and [the] sound of merry makers and I will multiply them and not they will diminish and I will make honored them and not they will be insignificant
וְלֹ֥אve.Lo' and not H3808 Conjunction · particle
5,170× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for not or no is used to indicate absence or negation, as when God says no to the Israelites' requests, or when they disobey His commands.
Tyndale gloss
not
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לֹא (lo') is a Hebrew word meaning 'not' or 'no.' It serves as a simple negation and can imply absence or prohibition. The word can also be used in various contexts, often combined with other particles for emphasis or clarification. Its Aramaic equivalent is לָא (la), which also means 'not.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לֹא or לוֹא adv. not

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3808 לֹא or לוֹא not

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3808 lo' lo

or lowi {lo}; or loh (Deut. 3:11) {lo}; a primitive particle;

not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often

used with other particles (as follows):--X before, + or else,

ere, + except, ig(-norant), much, less, nay, neither, never,

no((-ne), -r, (-thing)), (X as though...,(can-), for) not (out

of), of nought, otherwise, out of, + surely, + as truly as, +

of a truth, + verily, for want, + whether, without.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לֹא (lo) — not.

1) not, no

1a) not (with verb-absolute prohibition)

1b) not (with modifier-negation)

1c) nothing (subst)

1d) without (with particle)

1e) before (of time)

Aramaic equivalent: la (לָא "not" H3809)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | Part — Conjunction · particle
HC/Tn
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
and it will go out from them thanksgiving and [the] sound of merry makers and I will multiply them and not they will diminish and I will make honored them and not they will be insignificant
יִצְעָֽרוּ׃yitz.'A.ru they will be insignificant H6819 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
3× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To be small or insignificant is the meaning of this word, sometimes used to describe humble people or those who are oppressed, like the poor in the book of Proverbs.
Amplified meaning
made small, treated as insignificant
Tyndale gloss
be little
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צָעַר (tsa'ar) is a primitive root meaning to be or grow small or insignificant. It conveys a sense of being brought low or becoming ignoble. The entries consistently emphasize this idea of insignificance without any noted disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צָעַר] vb. be, or grow, insignificant

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6819 צָעַר

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6819 tsa`ar tsaw-ar'

a primitive root; to be small, i.e. (figuratively)

ignoble:--be brought low, little one, be small.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָעַר (tsa.ar) — be little.

1) to be or grow insignificant, grow small

1a) (Qal) to ge insignificant

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-3mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVqi3mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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