Isaiah 5:18 — Word Study
WLCה֛וֹי מֹשְׁכֵ֥י הֶֽעָוֹ֖ן בְּחַבְלֵ֣י הַשָּׁ֑וְא וְכַעֲב֥וֹת הָעֲגָלָ֖ה חַטָּאָֽה׃
BSAWoehôwy [a cry of sorrow, a lament] to those who drawmâshak [pull, lead] iniquityʻâvôn [moral evil, sin] with cordschebel [ropes, bonds] of deceitshâvᵉʼ [vanity, falsehood] and pull sin alongchaṭṭâʼâh [drag, haul, guilt, wrongdoing] with cartʻăgâlâh [wagon, vehicle] ropesʻăbôth [thick cords, heavy chains]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| ה֛וֹי | woe to! | Particle |
| מֹשְׁכֵ֥י | [those who] draw along | Verb, Qal, participle (active) masculine plural common |
| הֶֽעָוֹ֖ן | iniquity | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| בְּחַבְלֵ֣י | with [the] cords of | Preposition, noun common both plural construct |
| הַשָּׁ֑וְא | emptiness | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וְכַעֲב֥וֹת | and like [the] rope of | Conjunction, preposition, noun common feminine singular construct |
| הָעֲגָלָ֖ה | cart | Particle, noun common feminine singular absolute |
| חַטָּאָֽה׃ | sin | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Woe to those who draw iniquity with cords of deceit and pull sin along with cart ropes, |
| KJV | Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as it were with a cart rope: |
| ASV | Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of falsehood, and sin as it were with a cart rope; |
| YLT | Woe [to] those drawing out iniquity with cords of vanity, And as [with] thick ropes of the cart — sin. |
| WEB | Woe to those who draw iniquity with cords of falsehood, and wickedness as with cart rope, |
| BBE | Cursed are those who make use of ox-cords for pulling the evil thing, and the bands of a young ox for their sin! |
The translations agree on the meaning of מֹשְׁכֵ֥י but differ on the rendering of הֶֽעָוֹ֖ן.
One main clause with two subordinate phrases detailing the actions and methods of drawing and pulling.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbמָשַׁךְ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 5:18
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Woes Against Israelgenerated
Isaiah 5:18 presents a warning to those who actively engage in sin and deceit. The prophet Isaiah uses vivid imagery to illustrate how people draw iniquity and sin as if they are pulling heavy loads with ropes. This metaphor highlights the burden of sin and the seriousness of leading others astray. The surrounding verses reinforce the theme of judgment against those who distort moral truths, as seen in Isaiah 5:20.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 28:15 | For you said, “We have made a covenant with death; we have fashioned an agreement with Sheol. When the overwhelming scourge passes through it will not touch us, because we have made lies our refuge and falsehood our hiding place.” |
| 2 | Judges 17:5–13 | Now this man Micah had a shrine, and he made an ephod and some household idols, and ordained one of his sons as his priest. |
| 3 | 2 Samuel 16:20–23 | Then Absalom said to Ahithophel, “Give me counsel. What should we do?” |
| 4 | Psalm 10:11 | He says to himself, “God has forgotten; He hides His face and never sees.” |
| 5 | Psalm 14:1 | The fool says in his heart, “There is no God.” They are corrupt; their acts are vile. There is no one who does good. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 16 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מֹשְׁכֵ֥י, mo.she.Kheigenerated
The word מָשַׁךְ (mashak) is a verb meaning to draw or drag. It is in the active participle form, indicating ongoing action performed by the subject. This word is often used in various contexts, such as drawing a bow or leading someone along a path.
In this verse, it specifically refers to the act of drawing iniquity, emphasizing the deliberate and active nature of leading others into sin. The participle form suggests that this is a continuous behavior of those being addressed.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse contains one main clause, with the finite verb מֹשְׁכֵ֥י (those who draw) leading the structure. It is followed by a series of phrases that elaborate on the actions being taken — drawing iniquity and pulling sin.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the actions of drawing and pulling, highlighting the active role of the subjects in leading others into sin.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מֹשְׁכֵ֥י as ἐπισπώμενοι, which also means 'to draw' or 'to pull'. This choice aligns with the original Hebrew meaning but may carry a slightly different nuance in Greek, emphasizing the act of drawing as a continuous action.
The translation of הֶֽעָוֹ֖ן as ἁμαρτίας indicates a focus on sin in a broader sense, which is consistent with the Hebrew context of moral wrongdoing.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 5:18 warns about the dangers of drawing iniquity and sin with deceitful practices. The verse uses the imagery of cords and ropes to illustrate how people lead others into wrongdoing. This highlights the serious consequences of sin and the responsibility of individuals to avoid leading others astray.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It means to actively lead others into sin through dishonest or misleading actions, suggesting a deliberate effort to promote wrongdoing.
The imagery emphasizes the heavy burden of sin and the active role individuals play in leading others into moral failure.
The word 'woe' expresses deep sorrow and serves as a warning about the serious consequences of sin and deceit.
This verse is part of a series of woes against Israel, highlighting their moral failures and the judgment that follows their actions.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways might I be leading others into wrongdoing without realizing it?
- How can I ensure that my actions and words align with truth and integrity?
- What steps can I take to avoid the deceit that Isaiah warns against?
- How does understanding the weight of sin change my perspective on my actions?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
The early church fathers reference this verse to discuss the consequences of sin and the nature of deception. Their quotations illustrate the moral lessons drawn from Isaiah's warning.
Woe to those who draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as if with a cart rope. Those who say: let his work speed up and come quickly, so that we may see it;Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 5 →
For each and every person braids a rope for himself in his sins.… Who makes the rope long? Who adds sin to sin? How are sins added to sins? When the sins that have been committed are combined with other sins.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 5 →
Our Lord shows what reward awaits hypocritical workers when he made a scourge of cords and drove them all out of the temple.Early Church Fathers on Isaiah 5 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 5:18 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleWoe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity,.... The prophet returns to the wicked again, and goes on with the account of their sin and punishment; and here describes such, not that are
Read John Gill on Isaiah 5 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryWoe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as it were with a cart rope: Woe unto them that draw iniquity - guilt, incurring punishment.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 5 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThat draw iniquity; that are not only drawn to sin by the allurements of the world, or by the persuasions of wicked men, being surprised and overtaken by sin, as sometimes good men are, , but are active and industrious in drawing sin to themselves, or themselves to sin; that greedily and steadily pursue sill, and the occasions of it, and are not at rest till they have overtaken it; that sin wilfully, and resolvedly, and industriously. With cords of vanity; or, with cords of lying, as the last word frequently signifies, i.e. with vain and deceitful arguments and pretences, whereby sinners generally draw themselves to sin; among which, one follows in the next verse, to wit, the impunity which…
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 5 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 5:18 Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as it were with a cart rope:Ver. 18. Woe unto them that draw iniquity.] That draw sin to them, as a beast draweth a cart after it. Here the prophet reproveth and threateneth such, saith an interpreter, as sin without any strong temptation or occasion drawing them thereunto; yea, they draw sin to themselves as with ropes, et quodammodo velut invitum et repugnans cogunt, not remembering that sin haleth hell at the heels of it. Let such get from under sin’ s cart as soon as they can, otherwise they shall be "holden with the cords (punishments) of their iniquity; they shall die without instruction," &c. The devils, as…
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 5 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(18) That draw iniquity with cords of vanity.—The phrase is boldly figurative. Evil-doers are thought of as harnessing themselves as to the chariot of sin. The “cords of vanity”—i.e., of emptiness or ungodliness—are the habits by which they are thus bound. The “cart ropes,” thicker and stronger than the “cords,” represent the extreme stage, when such habits become irresistibly dominant. Probably the words may point to some idolatrous procession, in which the chariot of Baal or Ashtaroth was thus drawn by their worshippers, like that of Demêter or Cybele in Greece, or Juggernâth in India.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 5 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 18. With a cart-rope - "As a long cable"] The Septuagint, Aquila, Sym., and Theod., for בחבלי bechabley, read כחבלי kechahley, ωςσχοινιω, or σχοινιοις; and the Septuagint, instead of שוא shau, read some other word signifying long; ωςσχοινιωμακρω; and so likewise the Syriac, אריכא arecha. Houbigant conjectures that the word which the Septuagint had in their copies was שרוע sarua, which is used Leviticus 21:18; Leviticus 22:23, for something in an animal body superfluous, lengthened beyond its natural measure. And he explains it of sin added to sin, and one sin drawing on another, till the whole comes to an enormous length and magnitude; compared to the work of a rope-maker still…
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 5 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges8–24. Denunciation of the Social Evils which call down God’s Judgment on the NationThe indictment contains six counts, each introduced by the word “Woe,” and is addressed exclusively to the upper classes, although the punishment of their sin falls on the nation as a whole. The prophet sets before us a vivid picture of a debased aristocracy, in whom public virtue has been eaten out by avarice and sensuality; and he traces with remarkable insight the effect of these sins in the religious insensibility and perversion of the moral sentiments which characterised the nobles of Judah at this time.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 5 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleWo unto them ... - This is a new denunciation. It introduces another form of sin, and threatens its appropriate punishment.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 5 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Woe to those who draw iniquity with cords of deceit and pull sin along with cart ropes,
Woe to those who draw iniquity with cords of falsehood, and wickedness as with cart rope,
Woe to those who draw iniquity with cords of deceit and pull sin along with cart ropes,
Those who pull evil along using cords of emptiness are as good as dead, who pull sin as with cart ropes.
Tyndale line
Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as it were with a cart rope:
Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of falsehood, and sin as it were with a cart rope;
Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as it were with a cart rope:
Woe to them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as it were with a cart-rope:
Woe vnto them, that draw iniquitie with cordes of vanitie, and sinne, as with cart ropes:
Strictly literal
Woe unto them that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as with cart-ropes!
Woe [to] those drawing out iniquity with cords of vanity, And as [with] thick ropes of the cart — sin.
Woe [to] those drawing out iniquity with cords of vanity, || And as [with] thick ropes of the cart—sin.
Woe unto those that draw iniquity with the cords of falsehood, and as with a wagon-rope, sinfulness;
Woe to those who pull along iniquity with useless cords and who pull along sin as if it were with a cart rope.
From the Latin
Woe to you that draw iniquity with cords of vanity, and sin as the rope of a cart.
Simplified
Tragedy is coming to you who drag along your sins behind you with cords made of lies, pulling with ropes your cartful of wickedness.
Cursed are those who make use of ox-cords for pulling the evil thing, and the bands of a young ox for their sin!
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text (MT) of Isaiah 5:18 reads, "Woe to those who draw iniquity with cords of deceit and pull sin along with cart ropes." The Septuagint (LXX) has a similar structure, matching 7 of the 8 words, but its exact wording and order differ, reflecting its own translation style. The Dead Sea Scrolls (1Qisaa) closely align with the MT, maintaining the same wording with minor variations, while another scroll (4Q56) has some words partly restored and others supplied by an editor, indicating some textual uncertainty. Overall, the MT and 1Qisaa agree closely, while the LXX and 4Q56 show differences in wording and completeness.
ה֛וֹי מֹשְׁכֵ֥י הֶֽעָוֹ֖ן בְּחַבְלֵ֣י הַשָּׁ֑וְא וְכַעֲב֥וֹת הָעֲגָלָ֖ה חַטָּאָֽה׃
7 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
הוי משכי העוון בחבלי השי וכעבות העגלה חטאה
8 words on the leather.
[הוי] משכי העון בחבלי השוא וכעבות העגלה [חטאה]
4 words on the leather — 2 partly restored, 2 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 5:18
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
הוֹי (hoy) is an interjection expressing dissatisfaction and pain, often translated as 'ah,' 'alas,' or 'woe.' It is used in lamentations and conveys a sense of sorrow or distress. The word is a prolonged form of another Hebrew term, indicating its emotional weight.
הוֹי 81 interj. expressing usually dissatisfaction and pain, Ah, Alas, Ha (not distinctly Woe!) used in lamentations
base
H1945 הוֹי expressing usually dissatisfaction and pain, Ah, Alas, Ha (not distinctly Woe!) used in lamentations
1945 howy hoh'ee
a prolonged form of 1930 (akin to 188); oh!:--ah, alas, ho,
O, woe.
see HEBREW for 01930
see HEBREW for 0188
הוֹי (hoy) — woe!.
ah!, alas!, ha!, ho!, O!, woe!
Part — ParticleHTj
Is sometimes used in our Bibles where a softer expression would be at least equally proper: "Woe to such a one!" is in our language a threat or imprecation of some calamity, natural or judicial, to befall a person; but this is not always the meaning of the word in Scripture. We find the expression, "Woe is me!" that is, Alas for my sufferings! And, "Woe to the women with child, and those who give suck!" that is, Alas for their redoubled sufferings in times of distress! If in the denunciatory language of Christ, we should read, "Alas for thee, Chorazin! Alas for thee, Bethsaida!" we should do not injustice to the general sentiments of the passage.
Yet in many cases the word woe is used in a fuller and more awful sense, expressing an inspired denunciation and foreshadowing of God’s wrath upon sinners; as when we read, "Woe to those who build houses by unrighteousness, and cities by blood;"…
מָשַׁךְ (mashak) is a Hebrew verb meaning to draw or drag, with a wide range of applications. It can refer to actions like drawing a bow, prolonging time, or trailing seed during sowing. The entries also note uses in contexts of sound and cheer, as well as implications of height and postponement.
מָשַׁךְ vb. draw, drag
Qal
draw and lift out of
draw the bow
proceed, march
draw out a sound, give a sound
draw out, prolong, continue
trail seed (draw along in sowing)
(late) cheer (draw, attract, gratigy)
Niph. they shall not be prolonged (days of Babylon); it shall not be postponed
Pu. long drawn out: of persons, = tall; hope postponed, deferred
base
H4900 מָשַׁךְ draw, drag .. draw and lift out of
. draw the bow
. proceed, march
. draw out a sound, give a sound
. draw out, prolong, continue
. trail seed (draw along in sowing)
. (late) cheer (draw, attract, gratigy)
. they shall not be prolonged (days of Babylon); it shall not be postponed
. long drawn out: of persons, = tall; hope postponed, deferred
4900 mashak maw-shak'
a primitive root; to draw, used in a great variety of
applications (including to sow, to sound, to prolong, to
develop, to march, to remove, to delay, to be tall,
etc.):--draw (along, out), continue, defer, extend, forbear,
X give, handle, make (pro-, sound)long, X sow, scatter,
stretch out.
מָשַׁךְ (ma.shakh) — to draw.
1) to draw, drag, seize
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to draw (and lift out), drag along, lead along, drag or lead off, draw down
1a2) to draw (the bow)
1a3) to proceed, march
1a4) to draw out or give (a sound)
1a5) to draw out, prolong, continue
1a6) to trail (seed in sowing)
1a7) to cheer, draw, attract, gratify
1b) (Niphal) to be drawn out
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to be drawn out, be postponed, be deferred
1c2) to be tall
V-Qal — Verb · Qal · participle (active) masculine plural commonHVqrmpc
עָוֹן (avon) refers to iniquity, guilt, or the punishment associated with iniquity. It encompasses concepts of moral evil, such as perversity and depravity, and includes the consequences or punishment for these actions. The term appears in contexts like 2 Kings 7:9 and Psalm 51:5, highlighting its significance in discussions of sin and guilt.
עָוֹן n.m. iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity
base
H5771 עָוֹן iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity
5771 `avon aw-vone'
or oavown (2 Kings 7:9; Psalm 51:5 (7)) {aw-vone'}; from
5753; perversity, i.e. (moral) evil:--fault, iniquity,
mischeif, punishment (of iniquity), sin.
see HEBREW for 07
see HEBREW for 05753
עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: crime.
: crime
1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity
1a) iniquity
1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)
1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity
עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: guilt.
: guilt
1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity
1a) iniquity
1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)
1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity
עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: punishment.
: punishment
1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity
1a) iniquity
1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)
1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity
Art | N-cs — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
in-ik'-wi-ti (`awon; anomia): In the Old Testament of the 11 words translated "iniquity," by far the most common and important is `awon (about 215 times). Etymologically, it is customary to explain it as meaning literally "crookedness," "perverseness," i.e. evil regarded as that which is not straight or upright, moral distortion (from `iwwah, "to bend," "make crooked," "pervert"). Driver, however (following Lagarde), maintains that two roots, distinct in Arabic, have been confused in Hebrew, one equals "to bend," "pervert" (as above), and the other equals "to err," "go astray"; that `awon is derived from the latter, and consequently expresses the idea of error, deviation from the right path, rather than that of perversion (Driver, Notes on Sam, 135 note) Whichever etymology is adopted, in actual usage it has three meanings which almost imperceptibly pass into each other:
(1) iniquity,
The Hebrew word חֶ֫בֶל (*chevel*) encompasses meanings related to a cord or rope, territory, and pain or pangs. It can refer to a measuring line, a company or band, and even destruction. The entries indicate a range of uses, from physical objects like cords to abstract concepts like sorrow. Notably, it is associated with both physical and emotional contexts.
חֶ֫בֶל n.m. f. cord, territory, band
cord, rope
measuring-cord, line
measured portion, lot, part, region
band, company of prophets
base
חֵ֫בֶל n.m. pain, pang
pains of travail
of other than birth-pangs
base
חֹבְלִים n.[m.]pl. union (lit. binders) name of Zec.’s second symbolic staff
base
חֶ֫בֶל n.m. destruction—Mi 2:10
ref
H2256a חֶ֫בֶל cord, territory, band H2256b חֵ֫בֶל pain, pang H2256c חֹבְלִים union H2256d חֶ֫בֶל destruction
2256 chebel kheh'-bel
or chebel {khay'-bel}; from 2254; a rope (as twisted),
especially a measuring line; by implication, a district or
inheritance (as measured); or a noose (as of cords);
figuratively, a company (as if tied together); also a throe
(especially of parturition); also ruin:--band, coast, company,
cord, country, destruction, line, lot, pain, pang, portion,
region, rope, snare, sorrow, tackling.
see HEBREW for 02254
חֶ֫בֶל (che.vel) — Mahalab.
This name means a cord, territory, region
Another name of ach.lav (אַחְלָב "Ahlab" H0303)
חֵ֫בֶל (che.vel) — pain.
1) pain, sorrow, travail, pang
1a) pains of travail
1b) pains, pangs, sorrows
חֹבְלִים (chov.lim) — union.
union
חֶ֫בֶל (che.vel) — destruction.
destruction
חֶ֫בֶל (che.vel) — cord.
1) a cord, rope, territory, band, company
1a) a rope, cord
1b) a measuring-cord or line
1c) a measured portion, lot, part, region
1d) a band or company
§ destruction
Prep | N-cp — Preposition · noun common both plural constructHR/Ncbpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word שָׁוְא (*shav*) means emptiness or vanity. It conveys ideas of falsehood, worthlessness, and deception, both in a literal sense and in terms of moral or spiritual emptiness. The lexicons highlight its use in describing empty speech or conduct that is devoid of value.
שָׁוְא n.[m.] emptiness, vanity
base
H7723 שָׁוְא emptiness, vanity
7723 shav' shawv
or shav {shav}; from the same as 7722 in the sense of
desolating; evil (as destructive), literally (ruin) or morally
(especially guile); figuratively idolatry (as false,
subjective), uselessness (as deceptive, objective; also
adverbially, in vain):--false(-ly), lie, lying, vain, vanity.
see HEBREW for 07722
שָׁוְא (shav) — vanity: false.
: false
1) emptiness, vanity, falsehood
1a) emptiness, nothingness, vanity
1b) emptiness of speech, lying
1c) worthlessness (of conduct)
Also means: shav (שָׁוְא ": vain" H7723H)
שָׁוְא (shav) — vanity: vain.
: vain/empty/worthless
1) emptiness, vanity, falsehood
1a) emptiness, nothingness, vanity
1b) emptiness of speech, lying
1c) worthlessness (of conduct)
Art | N-ms — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
עֲבֹת (aboth) refers to a twisted cord or rope, and can also denote cordage or interwoven foliage. The word is derived from a root meaning something intertwined, and it encompasses various forms such as bands, chains, and thick branches. There is a suggestion of uncertainty regarding the meaning of 'interwoven foliage' in some entries.
עֲבֹת n.m. et f. (twisted) cord, rope; cordage; interwoven foliage (?)
base
H5688 עֲבֹת (twisted) cord, rope; cordage; interwoven foliage (?)
5688 `aboth ab-oth'
or rabowth {ab-oth'}; or (feminine) tabothah {ab- oth-aw'};
the same as 5687; something intwined, i.e. a string, wreath or
foliage:--band, cord, rope, thick bough (branch), wreathen
(chain).
see HEBREW for 05687
עֲבֹת (a.vot) — cord.
1) cord, rope, cordage, foliage, interwoven foliage
1a) cord, rope, cordage, chain
1b) interwoven foliage
Conj | Prep | N-cs — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular constructHC/R/Ncfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֲגָלָה (agalah) refers to a wheeled vehicle, such as a cart, chariot, or wagon, derived from the concept of rolling. The entries consistently emphasize its function as a transport vehicle, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
עֲגָלָה n.f. cart (from rolling of wheels)
base
H5699 עֲגָלָה cart (from rolling of wheels)
5699 `agalah ag-aw-law'
from the same as 5696; something revolving, i.e. a wheeled
vehicle:--cart, chariot, wagon
see HEBREW for 05696
עֲגָלָה (a.ga.lah) — cart.
cart, wagon
Art | N-fs — Particle · noun common feminine singular absoluteHTd/Ncfsa
kart (`aghalah): The Hebrew word has been translated in some passages "cart," and in others "wagon." In one verse only has it been translated "chariot." The context of the various passages indicates that a distinction was made between vehicles which were used for carrying baggage or produce and those used for carrying riders (chariots), although in their primitive form of construction they were much the same (compare English "cart" and "carriage").
Carts, like "chariots" (which see), were of Assyrian origin. They were early carried to Egypt where the flat nature of the country readily led to their adoption. From Egypt they gradually found their way among the people of the Palestinian plains. In the hills of Judea and Central Palestine, except where highways were built (1Sa 6:12), the nature of the country prevented the use of wheeled…
Cart
A vehicle moving on wheels, and usually drawn by oxen (2 Sam. 6:3). The Hebrew word thus rendered, ’agalah (1 Sam. 6:7, 8), is also rendered “wagon” (Gen. 45:19). It is used also to denote a war-chariot (Ps. 46:9). Carts were used for the removal of the ark and its sacred utensils (Num. 7:3, 6). After retaining the ark amongst them for seven months, the Philistines sent it back to the Israelites. On this occasion they set it in a new cart, probably a rude construction, with solid wooden wheels like that still used in Western Asia, which was drawn by two milch cows, which conveyed it straight to Beth-shemesh.
(Genesis 45:19,27; Numbers 7:3,7,8) a vehicle drawn by cattle, (2 Samuel 6:6) to be distinguished from the chariot drawn by horses. Carts and wagons were either open or covered, (Numbers 7:3) and were used for conveyance of person, (Genesis 45:19) burdens, (1 Samuel 6:7,8) or produce. (Amos 2:13) The only cart used in western Asia has two wheels of solid wood.
→ General scriptures concerning 1Sa 6:7-14; 2Sa 6:3; Isa 28:27,28
→ See WAGON
חַטָּאָה (chatta'ah) refers to sin and encompasses various aspects such as the condition of sin, guilt, punishment, and sin-offering. It can denote both the act of sinning and the consequences, including purification from ceremonial uncleanness. The term is built from the root word for offense and is used in contexts relating to sin and its expiation.
H2403a חַטָּאָה sin, sin-offering(?) . sin
. sin-offering
H2403b חַטָּאת sin, sin-offering . sin
. condition of sin, guilt of sin
. punishment for sin
. sin-offering
. purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness
2403 chatta'ah khat-taw-aw'
or chattacth {khat-tawth'}; from 2398; an offence (sometimes
habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or
expiation; also (concretely) an offender:--punishment (of
sin), purifying(-fication for sin), sin(-ner, offering).
see HEBREW for 02398
חַטָּאָה (chat.ta.ah) — sin.
sin, sinful thing
חַטָּאת (chat.tat) — sin.
: sin
1) sin, sin offering
1a) sin
1b) condition of sin, guilt of sin
1c) punishment for sin
1d) sin-offering
1e) purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness
חַטָּאת (chat.tat) — sin: sin offering.
: sin_offering
1) sin, sin offering
1a) sin
1b) condition of sin, guilt of sin
1c) punishment for sin
1d) sin-offering
1e) purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness
חַטָּאת (chat.tat) — sin: punishment.
: punishment/purification
1) sin, sin offering
1a) sin
1b) condition of sin, guilt of sin
1c) punishment for sin
1d) sin-offering
1e) purification from sins of ceremonial uncleanness
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
Sin
Is “any want of conformity unto or transgression of the law of God” (1 John 3:4; Rom. 4:15), in the inward state and habit of the soul, as well as in the outward conduct of the life, whether by omission or commission (Rom. 6:12-17; 7:5-24). It is “not a mere violation of the law of our constitution, nor of the system of things, but an offence against a personal lawgiver and moral governor who vindicates his law with penalties. The soul that sins is always conscious that his sin is (1) intrinsically vile and polluting, and (2) that it justly deserves punishment, and calls down the righteous wrath of God. Hence sin carries with it two inalienable characters, (1) ill-desert, guilt (reatus); and (2) pollution (macula).”, Hodge’s…
a city of Egypt, mentioned only by Ezekiel. (Ezekiel 30:15,16) The name is Hebrew, or at least Semitic, perhaps signifying clay . It is identified in the Vulgate with Pelusium, "the clayey or muddy" town. Its antiquity may perhaps be inferred from the mention of "the wilderness of Sin" in the journeys of the Israelites. (Exodus 16:1; Numbers 33:11) Ezekiel speaks of Sin as "Sin the strongholds of Egypt." (Ezekiel 30:15) This place was held by Egypt from that time until the period of the Romans. Herodotus relates that Sennacherib advanced against Pelusium, and that near Pelusium Cambyses defeated Psammenitus. In like manner the decisive battle in which Ochus defeated the…
1. Any thought, word, desire, action, or omission of action, contrary to the law of God, or defective when compared with it.
The origin of sin is a subject which baffles all investigation; and our inquiries are much better directed when we seek through Christ a release from its penalty and power, for ourselves and the world. Its entrance into the world, and infection of the whole human race, its nature, forms, and effects, and its fatal possession of every unregenerate soul, are fully described in the Bible, Ge 6:5 Ps 51:5 Mt 15:19 Ro 5:12 Jas 1:14,15.
bush