Isaiah 16:7 — Word Study
WLCלָכֵ֗ן יְיֵלִ֥יל מוֹאָ֛ב לְמוֹאָ֖ב כֻּלֹּ֣ה יְיֵלִ֑יל לַאֲשִׁישֵׁ֧י קִיר־ חֲרֶ֛שֶׂת תֶּהְגּ֖וּ אַךְ־ נְכָאִֽים׃
BSAThereforekên [for this reason, so] let MoabMôwʼâb [the land and descendants of Lot's son] wailyâlal▸ [to howl, mourn loudly] let them wailyâlal▸ [lament, cry out] togetherkôl for MoabMôwʼâb [in unity, as one] Moanhâgâh▸ [to mourn, lament] of Kir-haresethQîyr Cheres [a stronghold in Moab, wall of potsherds] you who are utterlyʼak [being] strickennâkêʼ [afflicted, smitten, emotionally or spiritually overwhelmed]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| לָכֵ֗ן | therefore | Preposition, adverb |
| יְיֵלִ֥יל | it will wail | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| מוֹאָ֛ב | Moab | Noun proper |
| לְמוֹאָ֖ב | for Moab | Preposition, noun proper |
| כֻּלֹּ֣ה | all of it | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| יְיֵלִ֑יל | it will wail | Verb, Hiphil, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| לַאֲשִׁישֵׁ֧י | for [the] raisin-cakes of | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct |
| קִיר־ | Kir | Noun proper |
| חֲרֶ֛שֶׂת | Hareseth | Noun proper |
| תֶּהְגּ֖וּ | you will groan | Verb, Qal, imperfect second person masculine plural |
| אַךְ־ | only | Adverb |
| נְכָאִֽים׃ | stricken people | Adj |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Therefore let Moab wail; let them wail together for Moab. Moan for the raisin cakes of Kir-hareseth, you who are utterly stricken. |
| KJV | Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab, every one shall howl: for the foundations of Kir-hareseth shall ye mourn; surely they are stricken. |
| ASV | Therefore shall Moab wail for Moab, every one shall wail: for the raisin-cakes of Kir-hareseth shall ye mourn, utterly stricken. |
| YLT | Therefore howl doth Moab for Moab, all of it doth howl, For the grape-cakes of Kir-Hareseth it meditateth, Surely they are smitten. |
| WEB | Therefore Moab will wail for Moab. Everyone will wail. You will mourn for the raisin cakes of Kir Hareseth, utterly stricken. |
| BBE | For this cause everyone in Moab will give cries of grief for Moab: crushed to the earth, they will be weeping for the men of Kir-hareseth. |
Where they part company is נְכָאִֽים — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence is structured around a main verb with several phrases that elaborate on the actions and subjects involved.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectמוֹאָב
verbיָלַל
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Isaiah 16:7
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Lament for Moabgenerated
Isaiah 16:7 speaks of the grief of Moab, urging its people to wail and mourn for their losses, particularly the sweet raisin cakes of Kir-hareseth. This lamentation reflects the deep emotional and spiritual pain of the Moabites as they face their downfall, similar to the themes found in other prophetic texts concerning nations in distress.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 15:2–5 | Dibon goes up to its temple to weep at its high places. Moab wails over Nebo, as well as over Medeba. Every head is shaved, every beard is cut off. |
| 2 | Jeremiah 48:20 | Moab is put to shame, for it has been shattered. Wail and cry out! Declare by the Arnon that Moab is destroyed. |
| 3 | Isaiah 16:11 | Therefore my heart laments for Moab like a harp, my inmost being for Kir-heres. |
| 4 | Isaiah 15:1 | This is the burden against Moab: Ar in Moab is ruined, destroyed in a night! Kir in Moab is devastated, destroyed in a night! |
| 5 | 2 Kings 3:25 | They destroyed the cities, and each man threw stones on every good field until it was covered. They stopped up every spring and cut down every good tree. Only Kir-haraseth was left with stones in place, but men with slings surrounded it and attacked it as well. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יְיֵלִ֥יל, ye.ye.Lilgenerated
The verb יָלַל (*yalal*) means to wail or howl, expressing deep sorrow. It is in the Hiphil form, indicating an active making of a howling sound, often associated with mourning. This word captures the emotional intensity of the situation, as the people of Moab are called to express their grief loudly.
The repetition of the verb emphasizes the collective nature of their mourning, suggesting that this is not an individual sorrow but a communal experience of loss and lamentation.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against. The BSB uses wail for יְיֵלִ֥יל, which is also reflected in the KJV and ASV.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is יְיֵלִ֥יל, it will wail, which governs the subject מוֹאָ֛ב, Moab. This is followed by a prepositional phrase indicating the reason for the wailing and a second clause that includes another verb תֶּהְגּ֖וּ, you will groan.
The structure emphasizes the collective mourning of Moab, with the verbs indicating the actions that the people are called to undertake.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, יְיֵלִ֥יל is rendered as ὀλολύχει, which conveys a similar sense of loud mourning. This choice highlights the emotional weight of the lament.
The translation of נְכָאִֽים is not directly available in the Septuagint, indicating a potential interpretive gap in how the emotional state of the people is conveyed in Greek.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Isaiah 16:7 calls Moab to wail for their losses, particularly for the sweet raisin cakes of Kir-hareseth. The people are described as utterly stricken, emphasizing their deep sorrow and the communal nature of their grief.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Wailing signifies deep mourning and grief, expressing the emotional pain of the people as they face their losses.
The raisin cakes symbolize the pleasures and sustenance that Moab has lost, highlighting their cultural and emotional significance.
It refers to those who are afflicted or suffering, indicating the emotional and spiritual state of the Moabites.
Similar themes of lamentation and mourning for fallen nations appear throughout the prophetic literature, emphasizing the consequences of pride and sin.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I express my grief over loss in my own life?
- How can communal mourning strengthen a community during difficult times?
- What do the raisin cakes represent in my life, and how can I honor their memory?
- How can I support others who are experiencing deep sorrow?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Isaiah 16:7 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleTherefore shall Moab howl for Moab,.... One Moabite shall mourn for another; the living for the dead; or one part of the country for another; or to Moab, they shall howl in turns, answering to one
Read John Gill on Isaiah 16 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryTherefore shall Moab howl for Moab, every one shall howl: for the foundations of Kirhareseth shall ye mourn; surely they are stricken. Therefore shall Moab howl - all hope of being allowed shelter by the Jews being cut off.
Read Robert Jamieson on Isaiah 16 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleFor Moab; for itself; the noun put for the pronoun, as is usual in the Hebrew text. Or, to Moab. One Moabite shall howl or lament to or for another. Kir-hareseth; an ancient and eminent city of Moab, called Kir, and Kir-haresh, , which signifies, The city of the sun, probably because there was the temple of the sun; which city was preserved when their other cities were ruined, , and therefore the destruction of it was more lamented. Shall ye mourn; or, ye shall meditate or talk, as this word commonly signifies. Your thoughts and discourses will run much upon the ruin of such a city. Stricken; or, broken; overthrown or destroyed.
Read Matthew Poole on Isaiah 16 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsIsaiah 16:7 Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab, every one shall howl: for the foundations of Kirhareseth shall ye mourn; surely [they are] stricken.Ver. 7. Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab.] One Moabite to another, or each within himself, ut solent desperantes. For the foundations of Kirhareseth.] Which shall be utterly razed and harassed. Kirhareseth is interpreted the "city of brick walls," as was Babylon, or rather the "city of the sun," as Bethshemesh and Heliopolis, because there the sun was in a special manner worshipped. Shall ye mourn.] Or, Roar, or mutter, or muse.
Read John Trapp on Isaiah 16 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(7) Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab.—Either the whole nation wailing for its downfall, or the survivors wailing for the fallen. The foundations of Kir-hareseth.—The name has been commonly explained as the “brick fortress,” (city of pottery). Others, with a different derivation, make it “city of the sun.” Others, again (E. H. Palmer, in the Athenæum of August 19, 1871), connect it with háreith, the modern Moabite name for the hillocks on which the rock fortresses were built. The word for foundations occurs in Hosea 3:1, for raisin-cakes (“flagons of wine” in the Authorised version (comp. 2 Samuel 6:19, Song Son 2:5), and has been supposed to refer to this as the main product of…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Isaiah 16 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 7. For the foundations of Kir-hareseth - "For the men of Kirhares."] A palpable mistake in this place is happily corrected by the parallel text of Jer 48:31, where, instead of אשישי ashishey, foundations or flagons, nve read אנשי anshey, men. In the same place of Jeremiah, and in Jeremiah 48:36, and here in Isaiah 16:11, the name of the city is Kirhares, not Kir-hareseth.
Read AdamClarke on Isaiah 16 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges7, 8. (Cf. Jeremiah 48:31-32.) Moab’s last hope being thus disappointed, the poet resumes his lament over the doomed people.
Read Cambridge on Isaiah 16 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleTherefore shall Moab howl for Moab - One part of the nation shall mourn for another; they shall howl, or lament, in alternate responses.
Read Albert Barnes on Isaiah 16 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Therefore let Moab wail; let them wail together for Moab. Moan for the raisin cakes of Kir-hareseth, you who are utterly stricken.
Therefore Moab will wail for Moab. Everyone will wail. You will mourn for the raisin cakes of Kir Hareseth, utterly stricken.
Therefore let Moab wail; let them wail together for Moab. Moan for the raisin cakes of Kir-hareseth, you who are utterly stricken.
So Moab wails over its demise – they all wail! Completely devastated, they moan about what has happened to the raisin cakes of Kir Hareseth.
Tyndale line
Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab, every one shall howl: for the foundations of Kir-hareseth shall ye mourn; surely they are stricken.
Therefore shall Moab wail for Moab, every one shall wail: for the raisin-cakes of Kir-hareseth shall ye mourn, utterly stricken.
Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab, every one shall howl: for the raisin-cakes of Kir-hareseth shall ye mourn, utterly stricken.
Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab, every one shall howl: for the foundations of Kir-hareseth shall ye mourn; surely they are stricken.
Therefore shall Moab howle vnto Moab: euery one shall howle: for the foundations of Kirhareseth shall ye mourne, yet they shalbe striken.
Strictly literal
Therefore shall Moab howl for Moab; every one of them shall howl. For the foundations of Kirhareseth shall ye mourn, verily afflicted.
Therefore howl doth Moab for Moab, all of it doth howl, For the grape-cakes of Kir-Hareseth it meditateth, Surely they are smitten.
Therefore Moab howls for Moab, all of it howls, || It meditates for the grape-cakes of Kir-Hareseth, || They are surely struck.
Therefore shall Moab wail for Moab, every one shall wail; for the strong walls of Kir-charesseth shall ye lament, deeply stricken.
So Moab wails for Moab—they all wail! Mourn, you who are utterly destroyed, for the raisin cakes of Kir Hareseth.
From the Latin
Therefore shall Moab howl to Moab, every one shall howl: to them that rejoice upon the brick walls, tell ye their stripes.
Simplified
All the Moabites grieve for Moab. They all mourn the loss of the raisin cakes of Kir-hareseth, all of them destroyed.
For this cause everyone in Moab will give cries of grief for Moab: crushed to the earth, they will be weeping for the men of Kir-hareseth.
Word by word, the decisions they made
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text (MT) of Isaiah 16:7 reads: "Therefore let Moab wail; let them wail together for Moab. Moan for the raisin cakes of Kir-hareseth, you who are utterly stricken." The Dead Sea Scrolls (1Qisaa) largely agree with the MT, with a few minor variations in spelling and word choice, such as the use of 'ולכן' instead of 'לכן' and 'לאשישי' instead of 'אֲשִׁישֵׁי'. The second Dead Sea Scroll (1Q8) presents a more fragmented text, with several words partially restored by an editor, but it retains the same overall meaning. The Septuagint does not provide a full agreement or a direct translation of the MT, as it has a different word order and structure, indicating some divergence in translation. Overall, the MT and the Dead Sea Scrolls are closely aligned, while the Septuagint shows significant differences in its presentation.
לָכֵ֗ן יְיֵלִ֥יל מוֹאָ֛ב לְמוֹאָ֖ב כֻּלֹּ֣ה יְיֵלִ֑יל לַאֲשִׁישֵׁ֧י קִיר־ חֲרֶ֛שֶׂת תֶּהְגּ֖וּ אַךְ־ נְכָאִֽים׃
6 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ולכן לוא ייליל מואב למואב כל׳ה ייליל לאשישי קיר חרשת תהגו אכ נכאים
13 words on the leather.
[לכן] [ייליל] מואב למואב כל׳ה [ייליל] [לאשישי] [קיר] [חרשת] [תהגו] [אך] [נכאים]
1 word on the leather — 2 partly restored, 9 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Isaiah 16:7
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word כֵּן (*ken*) is built from the root meaning 'set upright.' It functions as an adjective meaning 'right,' 'veritable,' or 'honest,' and as an adverb meaning 'so,' 'therefore,' or 'thus.' It appears in various contexts, often indicating manner or relation, and is used in phrases like 'forasmuch as.'
כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest
right
veritable, true
pl. concr. honest (men)
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
כֵּן adv. so
base
H3651a כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest H3651b כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as H3651c כֵּן so
3651 ken kane
from 3559; properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as
adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction)
rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and
relation; often with other particles):--+ after that
(this, -ward, -wards), as ... as, + (for-)asmuch as yet, + be
(for which) cause, + following, howbeit, in (the) like
(manner, -wise), X the more, right, (even) so, state,
straightway, such (thing), surely, + there (where)-fore, this,
thus, true, well, X you.
see HEBREW for 03559
כֵּן (ken) — right.
adv
adj
1) right, just, honest, true, veritable
1a) right, just, honest
1b) correct
1c) true, veritable
[כִּי עַל] כֵּן ([ki al] ken) — as.
adv
forasmuch as, since
כֵּן (ken) — so.
adv
1) so, therefore, thus
1a) thus, so
1b) just so
1c) therefore
1d) so...as (paired with adv)
1e) then
1f) forasmuch as (in phrase)
1g) (with prep)
1g1) therefore, this being so (specific)
1g2) hitherto
1g3) therefore, on this ground (general)
1g4) afterwards
1g5) in such case
Aramaic equivalent: ken (כֵּן "thus" H3652)
Prep | Adv — Preposition · adverbHR/D
יָלַל (yalal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to howl or wail, often with a wailing tone. It is classified as a primitive root and appears in the Hiphil form, indicating an action of making a howling sound. The entries consistently emphasize its onomatopoeic nature, reflecting the sound associated with the action.
[יָלַל] vb. Hiph. howl, make a howling (onomatop.)
base
H3213 [יָלַל] Hiph. howl, make a howling (onomatop.)
3213 yalal yaw-lal'
a primitive root; to howl (with a wailing tone) or yell (with
a boisterous one):--(make to) howl, be howling.
יָלַל (ya.lal) — to wail.
(Hiphil) to howl, wail, make a howling
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine singularHVhi3ms
מוֹאָב (Moab) refers to both a person and a territory. It denotes Moab, the son of Lot by his eldest daughter, and the nation and land descended from him. The name means 'of his father,' highlighting the incestuous origins of Moab. The term appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, including references to the Moabites and their territory.
מוֹאָב, מֹאָב 180 n.pr.gent. et terr. Moab
Moab as son of Lot by his elder daughter
Moab:
= nation of which Lot’s son is represented as ancestor
= territory of Moab
base
H4124 מוֹאָב, מֹאָב Moab
4124 Mow'ab mo-awb
from a prolonged form of the prepositional prefix m- and 1;
from (her (the mother's)) father; Moab, an incestuous son of
Lot; also his territory and descendants:--Moab.
see HEBREW for 01
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — Moab.
Moab = "of his father"
the nation descended from the son of Lot
Also named: mo.a.vi (מוֹאָבִי "Moab" H4125)
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — Moab.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.19.37;
son of: Lot (H3876) and his first daughter (H3876H);
half-brother of Ben-ammi (H1151);
§ Moab = "of his father"
1) a son of Lot by his eldest daughter
2) the nation descended from the son of Lot
3) the land inhabited by the descendants of the son of Lot
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — (Plains of) Moab.
Combined with a.ra.vah (עֲרָבָה " Plains" H6160I)
§ Moab = "of his father"
the land inhabited by the descendants of the son of Lot
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
Moab
The seed of the father, or, according to others, the desirable land, the eldest son of Lot (Gen. 19:37), of incestuous birth.
(2.) Used to denote the people of Moab (Num. 22:3-14; Judg. 3:30; 2 Sam. 8:2; Jer. 48:11, 13).
(3.) The land of Moab (Jer. 48:24), called also the “country of Moab” (Ruth 1:2, 6; 2:6), on the east of Jordan and the Dead Sea, and south of the Arnon (Num. 21:13, 26). In a wider sense it included the whole region that had been occupied by…
(of his father), Mo’abites. Moab was the son of the Lot’s eldest daughter, the progenitor of the Moabites. Zoar was the cradle of the race of Lot. From this centre the brother tribes spread themselves. The Moabites first inhabited the rich highlands which crown the eastern side of the chasm of the Dead Sea, extending as far north as the mountain of Gilead, from which country they expelled the Emims, the original inhabitants, (2:11) but they themselves were afterward driven southward by the warlike Amorites, who had crossed the Jordan, and were confined to the country south of the river Arnon, which formed their northern boundary. (Numbers 21:13; Judges 11:18) The territory occupied by Moab at the period of its greatest extent, before the invasion of the Amorites, divided itself…
of his father
מוֹאָב (Moab) refers to both a person and a territory. It denotes Moab, the son of Lot by his eldest daughter, and the nation and land descended from him. The name means 'of his father,' highlighting the incestuous origins of Moab. The term appears in various contexts in the Old Testament, including references to the Moabites and their territory.
מוֹאָב, מֹאָב 180 n.pr.gent. et terr. Moab
Moab as son of Lot by his elder daughter
Moab:
= nation of which Lot’s son is represented as ancestor
= territory of Moab
base
H4124 מוֹאָב, מֹאָב Moab
4124 Mow'ab mo-awb
from a prolonged form of the prepositional prefix m- and 1;
from (her (the mother's)) father; Moab, an incestuous son of
Lot; also his territory and descendants:--Moab.
see HEBREW for 01
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — Moab.
Moab = "of his father"
the nation descended from the son of Lot
Also named: mo.a.vi (מוֹאָבִי "Moab" H4125)
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — Moab.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.19.37;
son of: Lot (H3876) and his first daughter (H3876H);
half-brother of Ben-ammi (H1151);
§ Moab = "of his father"
1) a son of Lot by his eldest daughter
2) the nation descended from the son of Lot
3) the land inhabited by the descendants of the son of Lot
מוֹאָב (mo.av) — (Plains of) Moab.
Combined with a.ra.vah (עֲרָבָה " Plains" H6160I)
§ Moab = "of his father"
the land inhabited by the descendants of the son of Lot
Prep | N-proper — Preposition · noun properHR/Npl
Moab
The seed of the father, or, according to others, the desirable land, the eldest son of Lot (Gen. 19:37), of incestuous birth.
(2.) Used to denote the people of Moab (Num. 22:3-14; Judg. 3:30; 2 Sam. 8:2; Jer. 48:11, 13).
(3.) The land of Moab (Jer. 48:24), called also the “country of Moab” (Ruth 1:2, 6; 2:6), on the east of Jordan and the Dead Sea, and south of the Arnon (Num. 21:13, 26). In a wider sense it included the whole region that had been occupied by…
(of his father), Mo’abites. Moab was the son of the Lot’s eldest daughter, the progenitor of the Moabites. Zoar was the cradle of the race of Lot. From this centre the brother tribes spread themselves. The Moabites first inhabited the rich highlands which crown the eastern side of the chasm of the Dead Sea, extending as far north as the mountain of Gilead, from which country they expelled the Emims, the original inhabitants, (2:11) but they themselves were afterward driven southward by the warlike Amorites, who had crossed the Jordan, and were confined to the country south of the river Arnon, which formed their northern boundary. (Numbers 21:13; Judges 11:18) The territory occupied by Moab at the period of its greatest extent, before the invasion of the Amorites, divided itself…
of his father
כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.
כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all
with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
Absolutely:
without the art., all things, all
with the art. הַכֹּל
where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
base
H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every
. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all
. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned
. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)
3605 kol kole
or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;
hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a
plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any
(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as
many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,
whoso(-ever).
see HEBREW for 03634
כֹּל (kol) — all.
1) all, the whole
1a) all, the whole of
1b) any, each, every, anything
1c) totality, everything
Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3ms
יָלַל (yalal) is a Hebrew verb meaning to howl or wail, often with a wailing tone. It is classified as a primitive root and appears in the Hiphil form, indicating an action of making a howling sound. The entries consistently emphasize its onomatopoeic nature, reflecting the sound associated with the action.
[יָלַל] vb. Hiph. howl, make a howling (onomatop.)
base
H3213 [יָלַל] Hiph. howl, make a howling (onomatop.)
3213 yalal yaw-lal'
a primitive root; to howl (with a wailing tone) or yell (with
a boisterous one):--(make to) howl, be howling.
יָלַל (ya.lal) — to wail.
(Hiphil) to howl, wail, make a howling
V-Hiphil-Imperf-3ms — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine singularHVhi3ms
אֲשִׁישָׁה (ashiyshah) refers to a feminine noun meaning a type of raisin cake or bun, often associated with sacrificial feasts. It is derived from a root meaning something closely pressed together and is consistently translated as 'flagon of wine' in the Authorized Version. The word appears in Isaiah 16:7.
אֲשִׁישָׁה n.f. (pressed) raisin-cake; Is 16:7
base
H809 אֲשִׁישָׁה, אָשִׁישׁ
809 'ashiyshah ash-ee-shaw'
feminine of 808; something closely pressed together, i.e. a
cake of raisins or other comfits:--flagon.
see HEBREW for 0808
אֲשִׁישָׁה (a.shi.shah) — raisin bun.
1) raisin-cake, used in sacrificial feasts
1a) consistently translated in AV as "flagon of wine"
HR/Ncmpc — Preposition · noun common masculine plural constructHR/Ncmpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
קִיר in n.pr.loc. of Moabite cities
base
H7025 קִיר of Moabite cities
7025 Qiyr Cheres keer kheh'-res
or (feminine of the latter word) Qiyr Chareseth {keer
khar-eh'-seth}; from 7023 and 2789; fortress of earthenware;
Kir-Cheres or Kir-Chareseth, a place in Moab:--Kir-haraseth,
Kir-hareseth, Kir-haresh, Kir-heres.
see HEBREW for 07023
see HEBREW for 02789
קִיר חֶרֶשׂ (qir che.re.s) — Kir-hareseth.
Kir-hareseth or Kir-hares or Kir-haresh = "wall of potsherds"
one of the two chief strongholds of Moab
Another name of qir (קִיר "Kir" H7024B)
N-proper — Noun properHNpl
kur, kir (kir):
1. Meaning:
The meaning of Kir is "inclosure" or "walled place," and it is therefore doubtful whether it is a place-name in the true sense of the word. In 2Ki 16:9 it is mentioned as the place whither Tiglath-pileser IV carried the Syrian (Aramean) captives which he deported from Damascus after he had taken that city. In Am 1:5 the prophet announces that the people of Syria (Aram) shall go into captivity unto Kir, and in 9:7 it is again referred to as the place whence the Lord had brought the Syrians (Arameans) as Israel had been brought out of Egypt, and the Philistines from Caphtor.
2. How Rendered in the Septuagint:
Except in one manuscript (Septuagint, Codex Alexandrinus), where it appears as the Libyan Cyrene (2Ki…
Kir
A wall or fortress, a place to which Tiglath-pileser carried the Syrians captive after he had taken the city of Damascus (2 Kings 16:9; Amos 1:5; 9:7). Isaiah (22:6), who also was contemporary with these events, mentions it along with Elam. Some have supposed that Kir is a variant of Cush (Susiana), on the south of Elam.
(fortress) is mentioned by Amos, (Amos 9:7) as the land from which the Syrians (Aramaeans) were once "brought up;" i.e. apparently as the country where they had dwelt before migrating to the region north of Palestine. (A difference of opinion exists in regard to the position of Kir, since some suppose it to be identical with Carma, a city of Media, in the south, on the river Mardus; others place it in Armenia, on the river Kar. --ED.)
1. A strong city of Moab; called also Kir-hareseth, Kir-haresh, and Kir-heres, Isa 15:1; 16:7,11; Jer 48:31. It was once nearly destroyed by Joram king of Israel, 2Ki 3:25. It is now called Kerak, and is a town of three hundred families, on a steep hill at the head of a ravine running up fifteen miles into the mountains of Moab. Three-fourths of its present inhabitants are nominal Christians, greatly oppressed by the Mohammedan Arabs around them.
2. A region to which Tiglath-pileser transported the captive people of Damascus, 2Ki 16:9; believed to have been in the vicinity of the river Kur or Cyrus, on the northeast of Armenia. The Kur flows southeast, unites with the…
קִיר in n.pr.loc. of Moabite cities
base
H7025 קִיר of Moabite cities
7025 Qiyr Cheres keer kheh'-res
or (feminine of the latter word) Qiyr Chareseth {keer
khar-eh'-seth}; from 7023 and 2789; fortress of earthenware;
Kir-Cheres or Kir-Chareseth, a place in Moab:--Kir-haraseth,
Kir-hareseth, Kir-haresh, Kir-heres.
see HEBREW for 07023
see HEBREW for 02789
קִיר חֶרֶשׂ (qir che.re.s) — Kir-hareseth.
Kir-hareseth or Kir-hares or Kir-haresh = "wall of potsherds"
one of the two chief strongholds of Moab
Another name of qir (קִיר "Kir" H7024B)
HNpl — Noun properHNpl
The Hebrew word הָגָה (hagah) encompasses a range of meanings related to vocal expressions, including to moan, growl, and utter. It can imply both inarticulate sounds and more deliberate actions like meditation and devising thoughts. The entries suggest uses in various contexts, including distress and magical mutterings, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among the lexicons.
הָגָה vb. moan, growl, utter, speak, muse (only poet.)
Qal
of inarticulate sounds
growl, of lion growling over prey
groan, moan, in distress (like dove)
utter
of inarticulate sounds
(soliloquize) meditate, muse
imagine, devise
Po. a conceiving and an uttering, out of the heart, lying words
Hiph. those that make chirpings and mutterings, of necromancers and wizards
base
H1897 הָגָה moan, growl, utter, speak, muse (only poet.) .. of inarticulate sounds . growl, of lion growling over prey
. groan, moan, in distress (like dove)
. utter
. of inarticulate sounds . (soliloquize) meditate, muse
. imagine, devise
. a conceiving and an uttering, out of the heart, lying words
. those that make chirpings and mutterings, of necromancers and wizards
1897 hagah daw-gaw'
a primitive root (compare 1901); to murmur (in pleasure or
anger); by implication, to ponder:--imagine, meditate, mourn,
mutter, roar, X sore, speak, study, talk, utter.
see HEBREW for 01901
הָגָה (ha.gah) — to mutter.
1) to moan, growl, utter, muse, mutter, meditate, devise, plot, speak
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to roar, growl, groan
1a2) to utter, speak
1a3) to meditate, devise, muse, imagine
1b) (Poal) to utter
1c) (Hiphil) to mutter
V-Qal-Imperf-2mp — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person masculine pluralHVqi2mp
gron (na'aq, 'anaq; stenazo, embrimaomai): The English word, noun and verb, is an attempt to imitate the vocal sound which is expressive of severe pain or distress, physical or mental. It is cognate with the Scottish dialect word girn, and with grin in its original obsolete sense, as used in the Anglican Prayer-book version of Ps 59:6,14, "grin like a dog and go about the city"; here "grin" is a translation of hamah, and means the sound of the nightly howling of the pariah dogs in Jerusalem and other oriental cities. It is used in the Old Testament:
(1) To denote the expression accompanying physical suffering, as in the case of the Israelites in Egypt oppressed by Pharaoh's taskmasters (Ex 2:24; 6:5), or in Palestine under the yoke of the Canaanites (
אַךְ (ak) is an adverb meaning 'surely' or 'indeed,' often used to emphasize what follows. It can also carry a restrictive sense, translating to 'only' or 'but.' The entries indicate its use in various contexts, but do not provide specific verse references.
אַךְ 159 adv. 1. surely. 2. with a restrictive force, emphasizing what follows
base
H389 אַךְ 1. surely. 2. with a restrictive force, emphasizing what follows
389 'ak ak
akin to 403; a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by
limitation) only:--also, in any wise, at least, but,
certainly, even, howbeit, nevertheless, notwithstanding, only,
save, surely, of a surety, truly, verily, + wherefore, yet
(but).
see HEBREW for 0403
אַךְ (akh) — surely.
1) indeed, surely (emphatic)
2) howbeit, only, but, yet (restrictive)
DirObjM — AdverbHD
The Hebrew word נָכָא (*nake'*) and its variant נָכֵא (*nakhe*) both mean 'stricken' or 'smitten.' They are derived from the root related to being afflicted or wounded. The term appears in contexts such as Isaiah 16:7, describing a defeated state.
[נָכָא] adj. stricken;—mpl. Is 16:7, of Moab prostrated by conquest.
ref
נָכֵא adj. id. [n.di.ab], alw. f. a stricken spirit
base
H5218a נָכָא stricken H5218b נָכֵא id. [5218a]
5218 nake' naw-kay'
or nakat {naw-kaw'}; from 5217; smitten, i.e. (figuratively)
afflicted:--broken, stricken, wounded.
see HEBREW for 05217
נָכָא (na.ka) — stricken.
stricken
Another spelling of na.khe (נָכֵא "stricken" H5218B)
נָכֵא (na.khe) — stricken.
stricken
Also means: na.ka (נָכָא "stricken" H5218A)
Adj — AdjHAampa
pe'-p'-l: In English Versions of the Bible represents something over a dozen Hebrew and Greek words. Of these, in the Old Testament, `am, is overwhelmingly the most common (about 2,000 times), with le'om, and goy, next in order; but the various Hebrew words are used with very little or no difference in force (e.g. Pr 14:28; but, on the other hand, in Ps 44 contrast verses 12 and 14). Of the changes introduced by the Revised Version (British and American) the only one of significance (cited explicitly in the Preface to the English Revised Version) is the frequent use of the plural "peoples" (strangely avoided in the King James Version except Re 10:11; 17:15), where other nations than Israel are in question. So, for instance, in Ps…