Genesis 36:13 — Word Study
WLCוְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ בְּנֵ֣י רְעוּאֵ֔ל נַ֥חַת וָזֶ֖רַח שַׁמָּ֣ה וּמִזָּ֑ה אֵ֣לֶּ֣ה הָי֔וּ בְּנֵ֥י בָשְׂמַ֖ת אֵ֥שֶׁת עֵשָֽׂו׃
BSA◂These [are]ʼêl-leh [specific, particular] the sonsbên [descendants, male offspring] of ReuelRᵉʻûwʼêl [a son of Esau, an Edomite chief] NahathNachath ZerahZerach [a son of Reuel the Edomite] ShammahShammâh [a man in the tribe of Judah] and MizzahMizzâh [an Edomite, a descendant of Esau] ◂Theyʼêl-leh arehâyâh■ the grandsonsbên [sons of sons, descendants] of Esau’sʻÊsâv wifeʼishshâh [female partner, spouse] BasemathBosmath [Esau's wife, a daughter of Ishmael]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ | and these | Conjunction, particle |
| בְּנֵ֣י | [were] [the] sons of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| רְעוּאֵ֔ל | Reuel | Noun proper masculine |
| נַ֥חַת | Nahath | Noun proper masculine |
| וָזֶ֖רַח | and Zerah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| שַׁמָּ֣ה | Shammah | Noun proper masculine |
| וּמִזָּ֑ה | and Mizzah | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| אֵ֣לֶּ֣ה | these | Particle |
| הָי֔וּ | they were | Verb, Qal, perfect third person common plural |
| בְּנֵ֥י | [the] sons of | Noun common, masculine plural construct |
| בָשְׂמַ֖ת | Basemath | Noun proper feminine |
| אֵ֥שֶׁת | [the] wife of | Noun common, feminine singular construct |
| עֵשָֽׂו׃ | Esau | Noun proper masculine |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | These are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. They are the grandsons of Esau’s wife Basemath. |
| KJV | And these are the sons of Reuel; Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the sons of Bashemath Esau’s wife. |
| ASV | And these are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the sons of Basemath, Esau’s wife. |
| YLT | And these [are] sons of Reuel: Nahath and Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah; these were sons of Bashemath wife of Esau. |
| WEB | These are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. These were the descendants of Basemath, Esau’s wife. |
| BBE | And these are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: they were the children of Esau's wife Basemath. |
Where they part company is in minor details about the names, particularly שַׁמָּ֣ה and מִזָּ֑ה.
The main clause identifies Reuel's sons, followed by a list and a descriptive clause linking them to Esau.
3 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Cambridge & more — read them ›
clause
verbהָיָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Genesis 36:13
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Descendants of Esaugenerated
Genesis 36:13 provides a genealogy of Esau's family, specifically naming the sons of Reuel. This verse fits within a broader narrative that details the lineage of Esau and his descendants, highlighting their connections and roles within the Edomite tribes. The genealogy serves to establish the heritage and significance of Esau's lineage, which is crucial for understanding the historical context of the Edomites in relation to Israel.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 36:17 | These are the sons of Esau’s son Reuel: Chiefs Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. They are the chiefs descended from Reuel in the land of Edom, and they are the grandsons of Esau’s wife Basemath. |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 1:37 | The sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — רְעוּאֵל, re.'u.'Elgenerated
The name רְעוּאֵל (Reu'el) means 'friend of God' and is a significant figure in the lineage of Esau. In this context, he is identified as a son of Esau, an Edomite chief, and the father of Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah.
This proper noun is crucial for tracing the genealogy of the Edomites, as it connects to the broader narrative of Esau's descendants and their relationships. The parsing indicates that it is a masculine noun, emphasizing the male lineage in this genealogical account.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb הָי֔וּ, they were, governs the entire verse, linking the subject and predicate. The structure presents a clear identification of Reuel's sons, with the noun phrases detailing their names and lineage.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the subjects, אֵ֙לֶּה֙ and בְּנֵ֣י רְעוּאֵ֔ל, establishing them as the focal point of the sentence.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates רְעוּאֵל as ραγουηλ, maintaining the name's significance while adapting it to Greek phonetics. This choice reflects a consistent understanding of Reuel's identity across both Hebrew and Greek texts.
The translation choice shows a direct correlation between the Hebrew and Greek texts, preserving the genealogical context without alteration.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Genesis 36:13 lists the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. They are grandsons of Esau through his wife Basemath, illustrating the lineage of Esau's family.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Reuel is a son of Esau and an Edomite chief, significant for tracing Esau's lineage.
The name Nahath means 'rest' and refers to one of Reuel's sons.
Basemath is Esau's wife and the mother of Reuel, linking the Edomite lineage to the broader narrative of Genesis.
This genealogy establishes the familial connections of the Edomites, showing their descent from Esau and their role in biblical history.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What can we learn about the importance of family lineage from this verse?
- How does understanding Reuel's descendants help us comprehend the history of the Edomites?
- In what ways do genealogies in the Bible provide insight into cultural and historical contexts?
- How does this verse reflect the broader narrative of Esau's relationship with his family?
Commentators on this verse — 3 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Genesis 36:13 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd these [are] the sons of Reuel,.... Another son of Esau's; this man had four sons, as follow, Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah: of whom we know no more than their names, unless Maps or Massa,
Read John Gill on Genesis 36 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThese are the names of Esau's sons; Eliphaz the son of Adah the wife of Esau, Reuel the son of Bashemath the wife of Esau. These are the names of Esau's sons. They were five in number.
Read Robert Jamieson on Genesis 36 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges9–14. The “sons” of Esau by Adah, Basemath, and Oholibamah must be regarded as the names of clans, and, like the sons of Ishmael and Israel, are 12 in number (Amalek, the son of Esau’s concubine, Timna, is excluded from this list of twelve).
Read Cambridge on Genesis 36 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
These are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. They are the grandsons of Esau’s wife Basemath.
These are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. These were the descendants of Basemath, Esau’s wife.
These are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. They are the grandsons of Esau’s wife Basemath.
These were the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. These were the sons of Esau’s wife Basemath.
Tyndale line
And these are the sons of Reuel; Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the sons of Bashemath Esau’s wife.
And these are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the sons of Basemath, Esau’s wife.
And these are the sons of Reuel; Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the sons of Basemath Esau’s wife.
And these are the sons of Reuel; Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the sons of Bashemath Esau's wife.
And these are the sonnes of Reuel: Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: these were the sonnes of Bashemath Esaus wife.
Strictly literal
— And these are the sons of Reuel: Nahath and Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah. These are the sons of Basmath Esau's wife.
And these [are] sons of Reuel: Nahath and Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah; these were sons of Bashemath wife of Esau.
And these [are] sons of Reuel: Nahath and Zerah, Shammah and Mizzah; these were sons of Bashemath wife of Esau.
And these are the sons of Reuel: Nachath, and Zerach, Shammah, and Mizzah; these were the sons of Bahsemath, Esau's wife.
These were the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. These were the grandsons of Basemath, Esau's wife.
From the Latin
And the sons of Rahuel were Nahath and Zara, Samma and Meza. These were the sons of Basemath the wife of Esau.
Simplified
These were the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah. They were the descendants of Esau's wife Basemath.
And these are the sons of Reuel: Nahath, Zerah, Shammah, and Mizzah: they were the children of Esau's wife Basemath.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording. However, the Samaritan Pentateuch differs in naming Shammah as שמח and includes מחלת instead of Basemath, indicating a variation in the familial details.
וְאֵ֙לֶּה֙ בְּנֵ֣י רְעוּאֵ֔ל נַ֥חַת וָזֶ֖רַח שַׁמָּ֣ה וּמִזָּ֑ה אֵ֣לֶּ֣ה הָי֔וּ בְּנֵ֥י בָשְׂמַ֖ת אֵ֥שֶׁת עֵשָֽׂו׃
13 of the 13 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ואלה בני רעואל נחת וזרח שׁמח ומזה אלה היו בני מחלת אשׁת עשׂו
2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: שׁמח (Shammah), מחלת (Mahalath)
[ואלה] [בני] [רעואל] [נחת] [וזרח] שמה ומזה אלה [היו] [בני] [בשמת] [אשת] [עשו]
1 word on the leather — 2 partly restored, 10 supplied entire by an editor.
[ואלה] [בני] [רעואל] [נחת] [וזרח] שמה [ומזה] [אלה] [היו] [בני] [בשמת] [אשת] [עשו]
nothing on the leather here — 1 partly restored, 12 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Genesis 36:13
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אֵ֫לֶּה (el-leh) means 'these' and is used in various grammatical contexts, often in apposition to a noun with a pronoun suffix. It can appear with or without the definite article and is sometimes paired with other terms like וְאֵלֶּה (and these). The word conveys a sense of proximity or specification, referring to particular items or people.
אֵ֫לֶּה pr.pl.m. & f. these
in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
with preps.
base
H428 אֵ֫לֶּה these . in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
. repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
. with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
. with preps.
428 'el-leh ale'-leh
prolonged from 411; these or those:--an- (the) other; one
sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those,
thus, which, who(-m).
see HEBREW for 0411
אֵ֫לֶּה (el.leh) — these.
1) these
1a) used before antecedent
1b) used following antecedent
Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)
Conj | Pron — Conjunction · particleHC/Tm
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
See SON, SONS.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
רְעוּאֵל (Reu'el) means "friend of God" and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament. Most notably, it identifies Moses' father-in-law, also known as Jethro, and an Edomite son of Esau. The entries note connections to the tribes of Gad and Benjamin, with references to various genealogies and historical contexts.
רְעוּאֵל n.pr.m.
Moses’ father-in-law
Edomite
Gadite
Benjamite
base
H7467 רְעוּאֵל . Moses’ father-in-law
. Edomite
. Gadite
. Benjamite
7467 R`uw'el reh-oo-ale'
from the same as 7466 and 410; friend of God; Reuel, the name
of Moses' father-in-law, also of an Edomite and an
Israelite:--Raguel, Reuel.
see HEBREW for 07466
see HEBREW for 0410
רְעוּאֵל (re.u.el) — Reuel.
A man of the Edomites living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.4;
son of: Esau (H6215) and Mahalath (H4258);
half-brother of: Eliphaz (H0464), Jeush (H3266), Jalam (H3281) and Korah (H7141);
father of: Nahath (H5184), Zerah (H2226), Shammah (H8048) and Mizzah (H4199)
§ Reuel or Raguel = "friend of God"
1) a son of Esau by his wife Bashemath, the sister of Ishmael
2) the father-in-law of Moses
2a) also 'Jethro'
3) father of Eliasaph, the leader of the tribe of Gad at the time of the census at Sinai
4) a Benjamite, ancestor of Elah
רְעוּאֵל (re.u.el) — Reuel.
A man living at the time of Exile and Return, only mentioned at 1Ch.9.8;
son of: Ibnijah (H2998);
father of: Shephatiah (H8203H)
§ Reuel or Raguel = "friend of God"
1) a son of Esau by his wife Bashemath, the sister of Ishmael
2) the father-in-law of Moses
2a) also 'Jethro'
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
roo'-el (re`u'el, "God is his friend"; the Septuagint Rhagouel):
(1) In the genealogical system Reuel is both a son of Esau by Basemath (Ge 36:4,10,13,17; 1Ch 1:35,37) and the father of the father-in-law of Moses, Hobab (Nu 10:29). In the account of the marriage of Zipporah to Moses (Ex 2:16-21) Jethro seems to be called Reuel (compare HOBAB). The various names of Jethro perplexed the Talmudists, too; some held that his real name was "Hobab," and that Reuel was his father. Reuel is probably a clan name (Gray, "Nu," ICC), and Hobab is a member of the clan ("son") of Reuel (Nu 10:29, the King James Version reads "Raguel").
Reuel
Friend of God. (1.) A son of Esau and Bashemath (Gen. 36:4, 10; 1 Chr. 1:35). (2.) “The priest of Midian,” Moses’ father-in-law (Ex. 2:18)=Raguel (Num. 10:29). If he be identified with Jethro (q.v.), then this may be regarded as his proper name, and Jether or Jethro (i.e., “excellency”) as his official title. (3.) Num. 2:14, called also Deuel (1:14; 7:42).
(friend of God) One of the sons of Esau, by his wife Bashemath, sister of Ishmael. (Genesis 36:4,10,13,17; 1 Chronicles 1:36,37) (B.C. about 1790.) One of the names of Moses’ father-in-law. (Exodus 2:18) (B.C. 1530.) Father of Eliasaph, the leader of the tribe of Gad at the time of the census at Sinai. (Numbers 2:14) (B.C. 1490.) A Benjamite, ancestor of Elah. (1 Chronicles 9:8)
the shepherd or friend of God
נַ֫חַת (Nachath) refers to a name meaning 'rest' and identifies several individuals in the Old Testament. It includes a duke of Edom, son of Reuel and grandson of Esau, a Kohathite Levite, and an overseer during Hezekiah's reign. The entries highlight its connections to different lineages, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.
נַ֫חַת n.pr.m.
son of Reuel, grandson of Esau
grandson of Elkanah
an overseer, Hezekiah's time
base
H5184 נַ֫חַת . son of Reuel, grandson of Esau
. grandson of Elkanah
. an overseer, Hezekiah's time
5184 Nachath nakh'-ath
the same as 5183; quiet; Nachath, the name of an Edomite and
of two Israelites:--Nahath.
see HEBREW for 05183
נַ֫חַת (na.chat) — Nahath.
A man of the Edomites living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.13;
son of: Reuel (H7467);
brother of: Zerah (H2226), Shammah (H8048) and Mizzah (H4199)
§ Nahath = "rest"
1) one of the dukes of Edom, son of Reuel and grandson of Esau
2) a Kohathite Levite, son of Zophai and grandson of Elkanah
3) an Levite overseer in the time of Hezekiah
נַ֫חַת (na.chat) — Nahath.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, only mentioned at 2Ch.31.13
§ Nahath = "rest"
1) one of the dukes of Edom, son of Reuel and grandson of Esau
2) a Kohathite Levite, son of Zophai and grandson of Elkanah
3) an Levite overseer in the time of Hezekiah
נַ֫חַת (na.chat) — Nahath.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Sa.1.1;
son of: Zuph (H6689);
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
na'-hath (nachath):
(1) A grandson of Esau (Ge 36:13; 1Ch 1:37).
(2) A descendant of Levi and ancestor of Samuel (1Ch 6:26); also called "Toah" (1Ch 6:34) and "Tohu" (1Sa 1:1).
(3) A Levite who, in the time of Hezekiah, assisted in the oversight of "the oblations and the tithes and the dedicated things" (2Ch 31:13).
Nahath
Rest. (1.) One of the four sons of Reuel, the son of Esau (Gen. 36:13, 17). (2.) A Kohathite Levite (1 Chr. 6:26). (3.) A Levite, one of the overseers of the sacred offerings of the temple (2 Chr. 31:13).
(rest). One of the "dukes" of Edom, eldest son of Reuel the son of Esau. (Genesis 36:13,17; 1 Chronicles 1:37) (B.C. 1700.) A Kohathite Levite, son of Zophai. (1 Chronicles 6:26) A Levite in the reign of Hezekiah. (2 Chronicles 31:13) (B.C. 725.)
rest; a leader
זֶ֫רַח (ze.rach) refers to several figures in the Old Testament, including a son of Judah and Tamar, a grandson of Esau, and a Cushite invader of Judah. The name means "rising" and is associated with various descendants and families, such as the Zarhites and Ezrahites. Notably, there is some overlap in the identities of Edomite leaders mentioned.
זֶ֫רַח n.pr.m.
son of Judah and Tamar
Edomites
Levites
head of Simeonite family
a Cushite
base
H2226 זֶ֫רַח . son of Judah and Tamar
. Edomites
. Levites
. head of Simeonite family
. a Cushite
2226 Zerach zeh'-rakh
the same as 2225; Zerach, the name of three Israelites, also
of an Idumaean and an Ethiopian prince:--Zarah, Zerah.
see HEBREW for 02225
זֶ֫רַח (ze.rach) — Zerah.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.13;
son of: Reuel (H7467);
brother of: Nahath (H5184), Shammah (H8048) and Mizzah (H4199)
§ Zerah or Zarah = "rising"
1) a son of Reuel and grandson of Esau, one of the dukes of the Edomites
2) twin brother of Pharez, sons of Judah and Tamar; descendants are called Zarhites, Ezrahites, and Izrahites
3) son of Simeon; also called 'Zohar'
4) a Gershonite Levite, son of Iddo of Adaiah
5) the Ethiopian or Cushite, invader of Judah in the reign of Asa who defeated the invaders; probably the same as the Egyptian king Usarken I, second king of the Egyptian 22nd dynasty or perhaps more probably Usarken II, his 2nd successor
6) another Edomite leader; possibly same as 1
זֶ֫רַח (ze.rach) — Zerah.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.33;
father of: Jobab (H3103H)
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
ze'-ra (zerach, meaning uncertain):
(1) In Ge 38:30; 46:12; Nu 26:20; Jos 7:1,18,24; 22:20; 1Ch 2:4,6; 9:6; Ne 11:24; Mt 1:3, younger twin-son of Judah and Tamar, and an ancestor of Achan. In Nu 26:20; Jos 7:17 f he is the head of the Zerahites (also 1Ch 27:11,13). the King James Version has "Zarah" in Ge 38:30; 46:12, and "Zarhites" for "Zerahites" in…
Zerah
Sunrise. (1.) An “Ethiopian,” probably Osorkon II., the successor of Shishak on the throne of Egypt. With an enormous army, the largest we read of in Scripture, he invaded the kingdom of Judah in the days of Asa (2 Chr. 14:9-15). He reached Zephathah, and there encountered the army of Asa. This is the only instance “in all the annals of Judah of a victorious encounter in the field with a first-class heathen power in full force.” The Egyptian host was utterly routed, and the Hebrews gathered “exceeding much spoil.” Three hundred years elapsed before another Egyptian army, that of Necho (B.C. 609), came up against Jerusalem.
(2.) A son of Tamar (Gen. 38:30); called also Zara (Matt. 1:3).
(rising (of the sun)). A son of Reuel, son of Esau, (Genesis 36:13; 1 Chronicles 1:37) and one of the "dukes" or phylarchs of the Edomites. (Genesis 36:17) (B.C. after 1760.) Less properly, Zarah, twin son, with his elder brother Pharez, of Judah and Tamar. (Genesis 38:30; 1 Chronicles 2:4; Matthew 1:3) (B.C. about 1728.) His descendants were called Zarhites, Ezrahites and Izrahites. (Numbers 26:20; 1 Kings 4:31;
1. The son of Reuel, and grandson of Esau, Ge 36:13,17.
2. Son of Judah and Tamar, Ge 38:30; called Zara in Mt 1:3.
3. Son of Simeon, and founder of the Zarhites, Nu 26:13; called Zohar in Ge 46:10.
4. A Cushite king who invaded Judah with an immense army in the reign of Asa, 2Ch 14:9-13. It is not agreed by interpreters whether he came from Southern Arabia or from Egypt and Ethiopia. Many, however, follow Champollion, who identifies him with Osorchon and Osoroth of the Egyptian monuments and history, the son and successor of Shishak.
שַׁמָּה (Shammah) refers to a name meaning "astonishment" and is associated with several figures in the Old Testament. It includes an Edomite chief, the third son of Jesse (father of David), and multiple warriors among David's mighty men. The entries highlight the name's usage in various contexts, but they do not present any significant disagreement among lexicons.
שַׁמָּה n.pr.m.
in Edom
third son of Jesse
heroes of David
base
H8048 שַׁמָּה . in Edom
. third son of Jesse
. heroes of David
8048 Shammah sham-maw'
the same as 8047; Shammah, the name of an Edomite and four
Israelites:--Shammah.
see HEBREW for 08047
שַׁמָּה (sham.mah) — Shammah.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.13;
son of: Reuel (H7467);
brother of: Nahath (H5184), Zerah (H2226) and Mizzah (H4199)
§ Shammah = "astonishment"
1) son of Reuel, grandson of Esau, and a chief of Edom
2) the 3rd son of Jesse and a brother of David
3) son of Agee the Hararite and one of the 30 of David's mighty warriors
4) the Harodite, one of the 30 of David's mighty warriors
5) another Hararite, one of the 30 of David's mighty warriors
שַׁמָּה (sham.mah) — Shammah.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Sa.23.25; also called Shammoth at 1Ch.11.27;
Also named: sham.mot (שַׁמּוֹת "Shammoth" H8054)
§ Shammah = "astonishment"
1) son of Reuel, grandson of Esau, and a chief of Edom
2) the 3rd son of Jesse and a brother of David
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
sham'-a (shammah):
(1) The son of Reuel, the son of Esau, a tribal chief of Edom (Ge 36:13,17; 1Ch 1:37, Some).
(2) The third son of Jesse and brother of David. Together with his two other brothers he fought under Saul in the campaign against the Philistines and was with the army in the valley of Elah when David slew Goliath (1Sa 17:13). One redactor states that he was a witness of the anointing of David by Samuel (1Sa 16:1-13). He was the father of Jonadab, the friend of Amnon (2Sa 13:3), and that Jonathan whose victory over a Philistine giant is narrated in 2Sa…
Shammah
Desert. (1.) One of the “dukes” of Edom (Gen. 36:13, 17).
(2.) One of the sons of Jesse (1 Sam. 16:9). He is also called Shimeah (2 Sam. 13:3) and Shimma (1 Chr. 2:13).
(3.) One of David’s three mighty men (2 Sam. 23:11, 12).
(4.) One of David’s mighties (2 Sam. 23:25); called also Shammoth (1 Chr. 11:27) and Shamhuth (27:8).
(astonishment). The son of Reuel the son of Esau. (Genesis 36:13,17; 1 Chronicles 1:37) (B.C. about 1700.) The third son of Jesse, and brother of David. (1 Samuel 16:9; 17:13) Called also Shimea., Shimeah and Shimma. One of the three greatest of David’s mighty men. (2 Samuel 23:11-17) (B.C. 1061.) The Harodite, one of David’s mighties. (2 Samuel 23:25) He is called "SHAMMOTH the Harorite" in (1 Chronicles 11:27) and "SHAMHUTH the Izrahite" ibid. (1 Chronicles 27:8) In the list of David’s mighty men in (
1. One of the three chiefs of David’s thirty heroes, who shared with David and Eleazar the honor of the exploit recorded in 2Sa 23:11,12; 1Ch 11:12-14. Another feast is described in 2Sa 23:13- 17.
2. A brother of David, 1Sa 16:9; 17:13; elsewhere called Shimeah, 2Sa 13:3,22; 1Ch 2:13.
Others of this name are mentioned, Ge 36:13,17; 2Sa 23:25,33; 1Ch 11:27; 27:8.
מִזָּה (Mizzah) refers to a grandson of Esau, specifically the son of Reuel. The name is associated with the meaning of 'fear,' possibly derived from a root suggesting terror. Mizzah is mentioned in Genesis 36:13 and is noted as an Edomite, with siblings including Nahath, Zerah, and Shammah.
מִזָּה n.pr.m. grandson of Esau
base
H4199 מִזָּה grandson of Esau
4199 Mizzah miz-zaw'
probably from an unused root meaning to faint with fear;
terror; Mizzah, an Edomite:--Mizzah.
מִזָּה (miz.zah) — Mizzah.
A man of the Edomites living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.36.13;
son of: Reuel (H7467);
brother of: Nahath (H5184), Zerah (H2226) and Shammah (H8048)
§ Mizzah = "fear"
son of Reuel and grandson of Esau
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
Mizzah
Despair, one of the four sons of Reuel, the son of Esau (Gen. 36:13, 17).
(fear), son of Reuel and grandson of Esau. (Genesis 36:13,17; 1 Chronicles 1:37)
defluxion from the head
אֵ֫לֶּה (el-leh) means 'these' and is used in various grammatical contexts, often in apposition to a noun with a pronoun suffix. It can appear with or without the definite article and is sometimes paired with other terms like וְאֵלֶּה (and these). The word conveys a sense of proximity or specification, referring to particular items or people.
אֵ֫לֶּה pr.pl.m. & f. these
in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
with preps.
base
H428 אֵ֫לֶּה these . in appos. to a subst. with a pron. suff. (always without the article)
. repeated, אלה … ואלה, these … those
. with the art. (but only after a subst. determined likewise by the art.)
. with preps.
428 'el-leh ale'-leh
prolonged from 411; these or those:--an- (the) other; one
sort, so, some, such, them, these (same), they, this, those,
thus, which, who(-m).
see HEBREW for 0411
אֵ֫לֶּה (el.leh) — these.
1) these
1a) used before antecedent
1b) used following antecedent
Aramaic equivalent: el.leh (אֵלֶּה "these" H0429)
Pron — ParticleHTm
The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.
הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be
Qal
Fall out, happen
occur, take place, come about, come to pass
esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass
וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
Come into being, become
abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
sq. prep.
become
sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
sq. pred. adj.
become like
sq. pred. לְ pers.
sq. לְ pred.
oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.
with עַל and לְ
sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)
exist, be in existence
abide, remain, continue
with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie
as copula, joining subj. & pred.
H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen
. occur, take place, come about, come to pass
. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)
. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה
. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)
. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come
. sq. prep.
. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)
. sq. pred. adj.
. become like
. sq. pred. + לְ pers.
. sq. לְ pred.
. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.
. with עַל and לְ
. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of
. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence
. abide, remain, continue
1961 hayah haw-yaw
a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,
come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or
auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,
committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,
fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit
(one-)self, require, X use.
see HEBREW for 01933
הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.
1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out
1a) (Qal)
1a1) ---
1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass
1a1b) to come about, come to pass
1a2) to come into being, become
1a2a) to arise, appear, come
1a2b) to become
1a2b1) to become
1a2b2) to become like
1a2b3) to be instituted, be established
1a3) to be
1a3a) to exist, be in existence
1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)
1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)
1a3d) to accompany, be with
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about
1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone
V-Qal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Qal · perfect third person common pluralHVqp3cp
בֵּן (ben) means 'son' or 'male child' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including descendants, young animals, and even figurative uses like sparks or arrows. It can refer to members of a tribe or class and is used in various contexts throughout the Old Testament, such as in 1 Chronicles 24:26. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to build' and implies a connection to family or lineage.
בֵּן 4870 n.m. son
son, male child, born of a woman
children (male and female)
youth, young men
the young of animals
of plant shoots
fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
member of a guild, order or class
of animals son of (the) herd
ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
n. relat. of age
base
בְּנוֹ 1 Ch 24:26, 27 as n.pr.m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son, cf. VB & Be Öt.
done
H1121a בֵּן son . son, male child, born of a woman
. children (male and female)
. youth, young men
. the young of animals
. of plant shoots
. fig. of lifeless things, sparks, stars, arrows
. . member of a guild, order or class
. of animals son of (the) herd
. ב׳ as n. relat. followed by word of quality, characteristic, etc.
. n. relat. of age
H1121b בְּנוֹ as n. pr. m. in AV, RV, but render: the sons of Jaaziah his son, & the sons of Merari by Jaaziah his son
1121 ben bane
from 1129; a son (as a builder of the family name), in the
widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship,
including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition,
etc., (like 1, 251, etc.)):--+ afflicted, age, (Ahoh-)
(Ammon-) (Hachmon-) (Lev-)ite, (anoint-)ed one, appointed to,
(+) arrow, (Assyr-) (Babylon-) (Egypt-) (Grec-)ian, one born,
bough, branch, breed, + (young) bullock, + (young) calf, X
came up in, child, colt, X common, X corn, daughter, X of
first, + firstborn, foal, + very fruitful, + postage, X in, +
kid, + lamb, (+) man, meet, + mighty, + nephew, old, (+)
people, + rebel, + robber, X servant born, X soldier, son, +
spark, + steward, + stranger, X surely, them of, + tumultuous
one, + valiant(-est), whelp, worthy, young (one), youth.
see HEBREW for 01129
see HEBREW for 01
see HEBREW for 0251
בֵּן (ben) — son: child.
: child/son
בְּנוֹ (be.no) — Beno.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.24.26;
son of: Jaaziah (H3269);
brother of: Shoham (H7719), Zaccur (H2139I) and Ibri (H5681)
§ Beno = "his son"
the sons of Jaaziah and the sons of Merari by Jaahziah (his son)
בֵּן (ben) — son: descendant/people.
: descendant, people, tribe, nation
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : child/son
בֵּן (ben) — son: young animal.
: calf/lamb/young(ANIMAL)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : descendant
בֵּן (ben) — son: type of.
: rebel/son(Belial)
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
§ : people/men/nation/tribe
בֵּן (ben) — son.
: [inheriting]son/heir
A sub-meaning of ben (בֵּן ": child" H1121)
בֵּן (ben) — son: warrior.
: warrior/son(strong)
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural constructHNcmpc
See SON, SONS.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
בָּֽשְׂמַת (Bosmath) refers to a name associated with two women in the Old Testament: a Hittite wife of Esau and a daughter of Solomon who married Ahimaaz. The word is linked to the concept of fragrance or spice. There is some variation in spelling, with references to both Bashemath and Basmath.
בָּֽשְׂמַת n.pr.f. (perfume?)
Hittite woman, a wife of Esau
daughter of Solomon, wife of Ahimaaz
base
H1315 בָּֽשְׂמַת (perfume?) . Hittite woman, a wife of Esau
. daughter of Solomon, wife of Ahimaaz
1315 Bosmath bos-math'
feminine of 1314 (the second form); fragrance; Bosmath, the
name of a wife of Esau, and of a daughter of Solomon:--
Bashemath, Basmath.
see HEBREW for 01314
בָּֽשְׂמַת (bos.mat) — Basemath.
A woman of the tribe of Judah living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ki.4.15;
daughter of: Solomon (H8010);
sister of: Taphath (H2955) and Rehoboam (H7346); married to Ahimaaz (H0290I)
§ Bashemath or Basmath = "spice"
1) Hittite wife of Esau, daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebaioth
2) daughter of Solomon, wife of Ahimaaz, one of Solomon's commissariat officers
בָּֽשְׂמַת (bos.mat) — Basemath.
A woman living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.26.34;
daughter of: Elon (H0356); married to Esau (H6215);
mother of: Eliphaz (H0464); also called Basemath (KJV: Bashemath) at Gen.26.34;
Another name of a.dah (עָדָה "Adah" H5711H)
§ Bashemath or Basmath = "spice"
1) Hittite wife of Esau, daughter of Ishmael, sister of Nebaioth
2) daughter of Solomon, wife of Ahimaaz, one of Solomon's commissariat officers
N-proper — Noun proper feminineHNpf
אִשָּׁה (ishshah) means 'woman,' 'wife,' or 'female.' It can refer to a woman in general, a wife in relation to a man, or the female of animals. The term also has distributive and reciprocal uses, indicating 'each woman' from her neighbor. The word is derived from the masculine forms אִישׁ (ish) and אִישָׁה (ishah), indicating a broad range of meanings.
אִשָּׁה 773 n.f. woman, wife, female
woman
Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)
Female of animals
With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one
base
H802 אִשָּׁה woman, wife, female . woman
. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)
. Female of animals
. With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one
802 'ishshah ish-shaw'
feminine of 376 or 582; irregular plural, nashiym
{naw-sheem'}; a woman (used in the same wide sense as
582):--(adulter)ess, each, every, female, X many, + none,
one, + together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English.
see HEBREW for 0376
see HEBREW for 0582
see HEBREW for 0582
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman.
: woman
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: wife.
: wife/widow
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: another.
: another
1) woman, wife, female
1a) woman (opposite of man)
1b) wife (woman married to a man)
1c) female (of animals)
1d) each, every (pronoun)
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular constructHNcfsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
עֵשָׂו (Esav) refers to Esau, the hairy eldest son of Isaac and Rebekah, and the twin brother of Jacob. He is noted for selling his birthright for food and is considered the progenitor of the Arab peoples. The name is also associated with Edom, and the entries indicate that it derives from a root meaning 'rough' or 'sensibly felt.'
עֵשָׂו 97 n.pr.m. Esau
base
H6215 עֵשָׂו Esau
6215 `Esav ay-sawv'
apparently a form of the passive participle of 6213 in the
original sense of handling; rough (i.e. sensibly felt); Esav,
a son of Isaac, including his posterity:--Esau.
see HEBREW for 06213
עֵשָׂו (e.sav) — Esau.
A man living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.25.25;
son of: Isaac (H3327) and Rebekah (H7259);
brother of: Israel (H3478); married to Oholibamah (H0173), Judith (H3067), Adah (H5711H) and Mahalath (H4258);
father of: Eliphaz (H0464), Reuel (H7467), Jeush (H3266), Jalam (H3281) and Korah (H7141); also called Edom at Gen.25.30; 36.1,8,19,21; 1x,54;
Also named: e.dom (אֱדוֹם "Edom" H0123H)
§ Esau = "hairy"
eldest son of Isaac and Rebecca and twin brother of Jacob; sold the birthright for food when he was hungry and the divine blessing went to Jacob; progenitor of the Arab peoples
עֵשָׂו (e.sav) — Esau.
People descended from Esau = "hairy"
eldest son of Isaac and Rebecca and twin brother of Jacob; sold the birthright for food when he was hungry and the divine blessing went to Jacob; progenitor of the Arab peoples
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
e'-so (`esaw, "hairy"; Esau):
Son of Isaac, twin brother of Jacob. The name was given on account of the hairy covering on his body at birth: "all over like a hairy garment" (Ge 25:25). There was a prenatal foreshadowing of the relation his descendants were to sustain to those of his younger brother, Jacob (Ge 25:23). The moment of his birth also was signalized by a circumstance that betokened the same destiny (Ge 25:26).
The young Esau was fond of the strenuous, daring life of the chase--he became a skillful hunter, "a man of the field" ('ish sadheh). His father warmed toward him rather than toward Jacob, because Esau's hunting expeditions resulted in meats that appealed to the old man's taste (
Esau
Hairy, Rebekah’s first-born twin son (Gen. 25:25). The name of Edom, “red”, was also given to him from his conduct in connection with the red lentil “pottage” for which he sold his birthright (30, 31). The circumstances connected with his birth foreshadowed the enmity which afterwards subsisted between the twin brothers and the nations they founded (25:22, 23, 26). In process of time Jacob, following his natural bent, became a shepherd; while Esau, a “son of the desert,” devoted himself to the perilous and toilsome life of a huntsman. On a certain occasion, on returning from the chase, urged by the cravings of hunger, Esau sold his birthright to his brother, Jacob, who thereby obtained the covenant blessing (Gen. 27:28, 29, 36;
(hairy), the eldest son of Isaac, and twin-brother of Jacob. The singular appearance of the child at his birth originated the name. (Genesis 25:25) Esau’s robust frame and "rough" aspect were the types of a wild and daring nature. He was a thorough Bedouin, a "son of the desert." He was much loved by his father, and was of course his heir, but was induced to sell his birthright to Jacob. Mention of his unhappy marriages may be found in (Genesis 26:34) The next episode in the life of Esau is the loss of his father’s covenant blessing, which Jacob secured through the craft of his mother, and the anger of Esau, who vows vengeance. (Genesis 27:1) ... Later he marries a daughter of Ishmael, (
The son of Isaac, and twin brother of Jacob, Ge 25:1-34. He was the elder of the two, and was therefore legally the heir, but sold his birthright to Jacob. We have an account of his ill-advised marriages, Ge 26:34; of his loss of his father’s chief blessing, and his consequent anger against Jacob, Ge 27:1-46; of their subsequent reconciliation, Ge 32:1-33:20; and of his posterity, Ge 36:1-43. He is also called Edom; and settled in the mountains south of the Dead Sea, extending to the gulf of Akaba, where he became very powerful. This country was called from him the land of Edom, and afterwards IDUMAEA, which see.