Genesis 10:18 — Word Study
WLCוְאֶת־ הָֽאַרְוָדִ֥י וְאֶת־ הַצְּמָרִ֖י וְאֶת־ הַֽחֲמָתִ֑י וְאַחַ֣ר נָפֹ֔צוּ מִשְׁפְּח֖וֹת הַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי׃
BSAthe ArvaditesʼArvâdîy [descendants of Arvad, a son of Canaan] the ZemaritesTsᵉmârîy [a Canaanite tribe] and the HamathitesChămâthîy [people from Hamath, a Canaanite city] Laterʼachar [afterward, afterwards] the CanaaniteKᵉnaʻanîy [from the land of Canaan] clansmishpâchâh [families, tribes, or nations] were scatteredpûwts■ [spread abroad, dispersed]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| הָֽאַרְוָדִ֥י | the Arvadite[s] | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| הַצְּמָרִ֖י | the Zemarite[s] | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| וְאֶת־ | and the object marker | Conjunction, particle |
| הַֽחֲמָתִ֑י | the Hamathite[s] | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
| וְאַחַ֣ר | and after | Conjunction |
| נָפֹ֔צוּ | they were scattered | Verb, Niphal, perfect third person common plural |
| מִשְׁפְּח֖וֹת | [the] clans of | Noun common, feminine plural construct |
| הַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי׃ | the Canaanite[s] | Particle, noun gentilic masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. Later the Canaanite clans were scattered, |
| KJV | And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad. |
| ASV | and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanite spread abroad. |
| YLT | and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite; and afterwards have the families of the Canaanite been scattered. |
| WEB | the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. Afterward the families of the Canaanites were spread abroad. |
| BBE | And the Arvadite and the Zemarite and the Hamathite; after that the families of the Canaanites went far and wide in all directions; |
Where they part company is נָפֹ֔צוּ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence primarily lists the clans before introducing the action of scattering, emphasizing their identity.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbפּוּץ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Genesis 10:18
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Descendants of Canaangenerated
Genesis 10:18 describes the descendants of Canaan, specifically listing the Arvadites, Zemarites, and Hamathites. This verse highlights the diversity of Canaanite tribes and their eventual scattering across the land, a significant moment in the biblical narrative of the nations that arose from Canaan. The scattering of these clans signifies the broader dispersion of peoples and cultures in the ancient Near East.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ezekiel 27:8 | The men of Sidon and Arvad were your oarsmen. Your men of skill, O Tyre, were there as your captains. |
| 2 | Joshua 18:22 | Beth-arabah, Zemaraim, Bethel, |
| 3 | 2 Chronicles 13:4 | Then Abijah stood on Mount Zemaraim in the hill country of Ephraim and said, “Hear me, O Jeroboam and all Israel! |
| 4 | Numbers 34:8 | and from Mount Hor to Lebo-hamath, then extend to Zedad, |
| 5 | 2 Samuel 8:9 | When King Toi of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer, |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 9 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — נָפֹ֔צוּ, na.Fo.tzugenerated
The verb נָפֹ֔צוּ (na.Fo.tzu) is in the Niphal stem, indicating a passive voice, meaning 'they were scattered'. This form emphasizes that the action of scattering was done to the clans rather than by them.
The root of this verb, פּוּץ (puwts), conveys the idea of breaking apart or dispersing. The use of this verb in this context suggests a significant and possibly forceful separation of the clans, aligning with the historical narrative of the Canaanite tribes.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb נָפֹ֔צוּ governs the sentence, with several noun phrases preceding it: the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. The structure emphasizes the listing of these clans before noting their scattering.
The Hebrew word order places the subject (the clans) before the verb, highlighting their identity before the action of scattering is introduced.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates נָפֹ֔צוּ as διεσπάρησαν (diesparēsan), which carries a similar meaning of scattering. This choice reflects a consistent understanding of the clans being dispersed.
The Greek translation maintains the focus on the action of scattering, aligning closely with the Hebrew intent, while also adapting the phrasing for a Greek-speaking audience.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Genesis 10:18 lists the Arvadites, Zemarites, and Hamathites as descendants of Canaan. It notes that later, these Canaanite clans were scattered across the land, indicating a significant event in their history.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
They are tribes descended from Canaan, each with their own historical and geographical significance.
It indicates that these groups were dispersed across different regions, leading to the establishment of various cultures and communities.
This scattering reflects the broader narrative of the development of nations and peoples in the biblical account.
They are part of the larger family tree of Canaan, which is crucial for understanding the historical context of the Canaanites.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What does the scattering of the Canaanite clans teach us about the movement of peoples in history?
- How can we see the impact of these ancient tribes in modern cultures?
- In what ways does understanding the lineage of Canaan enhance our reading of the biblical narrative?
- What lessons can we draw from the dispersion of these clans regarding community and identity?
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Genesis 10:18 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd the Arvadite,.... The inhabitants of Arvad, or Aradus, an island in the Phoenician sea; it is mentioned with Sidon, Ezekiel 27:8 so Josephus says (q), the Arudaeans possessed the island Aradus:
Read John Gill on Genesis 10 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad.
Read Robert Jamieson on Genesis 10 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleDispersed in the several quarters of the land, who, before they grew so numerous, dwelt together in the same place.
Read Matthew Poole on Genesis 10 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsGenesis 10:18 And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad. Ver. 18.
Read John Trapp on Genesis 10 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(15-18) Canaan.—The meaning of this name is uncertain, as, most probably, it is a Hamitic word: if derived from a Semitic root, it may mean the lowland. Though the Canaanites spoke a Semitic tongue at the time when we find them in Palestine, yet the assertion of the Bible that they were Hamites is confirmed by the testimony of profane writers, who say that their original home was on the Indian Ocean. They had probably been driven thence by the pressure of Semitic races, with whose language they had thus already become familiar; and when, farther, they found a Semitic people thinly spread over Palestine, they may, while absorbing them, have been confirmed in the use of their tongue. So…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Genesis 10 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges18. the Arvadite] Arvad, a famous maritime town, the modern Ruwâd on an island 100 miles north of Zidon; cf. Ezekiel 27:8; Ezekiel 27:11. the Zemarite] The dwellers in Simyra, modern Sumra, a few miles south of Ruwâd. It appears in the Tel-el-Amarna Letters as Zumur. the Hamathite] The dwellers in Hamath, modern Ḥ ?ama, the famous ancient town to the extreme north of Canaan, on the Orontes, and the capital of a small kingdom overthrown by Sargon. Cf. Numbers 34:8; 2 Kings 18:34; Amos 6:14. and afterward] It has been conjectured that this clause followed originally upon the mention of “Zidon his firstborn and Heth,” Genesis 10:15, and that the intervening passage (Genesis 10:16-18 a) is a…
Read Cambridge on Genesis 10 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible15-18. Eleven Canaanitish nations are here enumerated. The first two names are probably personal, the last nine are certainly national.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Genesis 10 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. Later the Canaanite clans were scattered,
the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. Afterward the families of the Canaanites were spread abroad.
the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. Later the Canaanite clans were scattered,
Arvadites, Zemarites, and Hamathites. Eventually the families of the Canaanites were scattered
Tyndale line
And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad.
and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanite spread abroad.
and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanite spread abroad.
And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite: and afterward were the families of the Canaanites dispersed.
And Aruadi, and Zemari, and Hamathi: and afterwarde were the families of the Canaanites spred abroade.
Strictly literal
and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite. And afterwards the families of the Canaanites spread themselves abroad.
and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite; and afterwards have the families of the Canaanite been scattered.
and the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite; and afterward the families of the Canaanite have been scattered.
And the Arvadite, and the Zemarite, and the Hamathite; and afterward were the families of the Canaanites spread abroad.
the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. Afterward the clans of the Canaanites spread out.
From the Latin
And the Aradian, the Samarite, and the Hamathite: and afterwards the families of the Chanaanites were spread abroad.
Simplified
the Arvadites, the Zemarites, and the Hamathites. Later the Canaanite tribes spread out
And the Arvadite and the Zemarite and the Hamathite; after that the families of the Canaanites went far and wide in all directions;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text lists the same clans and their scattering. The Septuagint matches closely, with 9 out of 10 words corresponding directly. The Samaritan Pentateuch differs slightly, using נפצה (disperse) instead of נָפֹ֔צוּ, and משׁפחת (clan) instead of מִשְׁפְּח֖וֹת.
וְאֶת־ הָֽאַרְוָדִ֥י וְאֶת־ הַצְּמָרִ֖י וְאֶת־ הַֽחֲמָתִ֑י וְאַחַ֣ר נָפֹ֔צוּ מִשְׁפְּח֖וֹת הַֽכְּנַעֲנִֽי׃
9 of the 10 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
ואת הארודי ואת הצמרי ואת החמתי ואחר נפצה משׁפחת הכנעני
2 words differ from the Masoretic Text: נפצה (disperse), משׁפחת (clan)
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Genesis 10:18
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
אַרְוָדִי (Arvadiy) refers to an Arvadite, a descendant of Arvad, who is listed among the Canaanite peoples in the Old Testament. The term is derived from a root associated with Canaan and is mentioned in Genesis 10:18. The lexicons agree that Arvadites are linked to the broader Canaanite lineage.
אַרְוָדִי adj.gent. mentioned among Canaanites
base
H721 אַרְוָדִי mentioned among Canaanites
721 'Arvadiy ar-vaw-dee'
patrial from 719; an Arvadite or citizen of
Arvad:--Arvadite.
see HEBREW for 0719
אַרְוָדִי (ar.va.di) — Arvadite.
Someone descended from Arvad(?) of the Canaanites, first mentioned at Gen.10.18; descended from Canaan (H3667); along with Sidon (H6721), Heth (H2845), Jebusite (H2983), Amorite (H0567), Girgashite (H1622), Hivite (H2340), Arkite (H6208), Sinite (H5513), Zemarite (H6786) and Hamathite (H2577)
§ Arvadites = "I shall break loose"
the descendants of Arvad, a son of Canaan
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
צְמָרִי (tsemariy) refers to the Zemarites, a group descended from Canaan, specifically from a place called Zemar. This term is linked to the Canaanite tribes mentioned in Genesis 10:18, indicating a connection to various other tribes in the region. The lexicons suggest it denotes a people associated with an unknown Canaanite city.
צְמָרִי adj.gent. (people of the city called Ṣimirra by As.)
base
H6786 צְמָרִי (people of the city called Ṣimirra by As.)
6786 Tsmariy tsem-aw-ree'
patrial from an unused name of a place in Palestine; a
Tsemarite or branch of the Canaanites:--Zemarite.
צְמָרִי (tse.ma.ri) — Zemarite.
Someone descended from Zemar(?) of the Canaanites, first mentioned at Gen.10.18; descended from Canaan (H3667); along with Sidon (H6721), Heth (H2845), Jebusite (H2983), Amorite (H0567), Girgashite (H1622), Hivite (H2340), Arkite (H6208), Sinite (H5513), Arvadite (H0721) and Hamathite (H2577)
§ Zemarite, of Zemar "double woolens"
one of the Hamite tribes descended from Canaan and inhabitants of an unknown Canaanite city
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HC/To — Conjunction · particleHC/To
חֲמָתִי (Chamathiy) refers to a Hamathite, someone descended from Hamath, a region associated with the Canaanites. The term emphasizes a connection to Canaan and is linked to other Canaanite groups mentioned in Genesis 10:18. The entries consistently identify this word as relating to the descendants of Canaan.
חֲמָתִי adj.gent. c. art. = subst., as descendants of Canaan
base
H2577 חֲמָתִי as descendants of Canaan
2577 Chamathiy kham-aw-thee'
patrial from 2574; a Chamathite or native of
Chamath:--Hamathite.
see HEBREW for 02574
חֲמָתִי (cha.ma.ti) — Hamathite.
Someone descended from Hamath(?) of the Canaanites, first mentioned at Gen.10.18; descended from Canaan (H3667); along with Sidon (H6721), Heth (H2845), Jebusite (H2983), Amorite (H0567), Girgashite (H1622), Hivite (H2340), Arkite (H6208), Sinite (H5513), Arvadite (H0721) and Zemarite (H6786)
§ Hamathite , of Hamath
one of the families descended from Canaan
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa
The Hebrew word אַחַר (*achar*) primarily denotes the concept of 'after' or 'behind' in both spatial and temporal contexts. It functions as a substantive, adverb, preposition, and conjunction, indicating a following part or time. The related form אַחֲרַי (*acharai*) refers to a person who turns backwards. There is a reference to Proverbs 28:23 in relation to the latter.
אַחַר prop. subst. the hinder or following part
adv.
of place, behind
of time, afterwards
prep.
of place, behind, after
of time, after
conj. after that.
H310a אַחַר prop. subst. the hinder or following part . adv. . of place, behind
. of time, afterwards
. prep. . of place, behind, after
. of time, after
. conj. after that.
H310b אַחֲרַי a man that turneth backwards.
310 'achar akh-ar'
from 309; properly, the hind part; generally used as an
adverb or conjunction, after (in various senses):--after
(that, -ward), again, at, away from, back (from, -side),
behind, beside, by, follow (after, -ing), forasmuch, from,
hereafter, hinder end, + out (over) live, + persecute,
posterity, pursuing, remnant, seeing, since, thence(-forth),
when, with.
see HEBREW for 0309
אַחַר (a.char) — after.
1) after the following part, behind (of place), hinder, afterwards (of time)
1a) as an adverb
1a1) behind (of place)
1a2) afterwards (of time)
1b) as a preposition
1b1) behind, after (of place)
1b2) after (of time)
1b3) besides
1c) as a conjunction
1c) after that
1d) as a substantive
1d1) hinder part
1e) with other prepositions
1e1) from behind
1e2) from following after
אַחֲרַי (a.cha.ray) — backwards.
backwards (of a man that turns backwards)
Conj | Adv — ConjunctionHC/Acmsa
The Hebrew word פּוּץ (puwts) primarily means to scatter or disperse, applicable to both people and armies. It can also convey the idea of flowing or overflowing. The noun form מֵפִיץ (mephits) refers to a scatterer. Additionally, it has connotations of breaking or shattering, as seen in related forms.
[פּוּץ] vb. be dispersed, scattered
Qal be dispersed, disperse; be scattered, of enemies
Niph.
be scattered, of army
be spread abroad, of peoples
Hiph.
trans. scatter
intrans. scatter
base
מֵפִיץ n.m. scatterer, disperser
base
פּוּץ vb. flow, overflow
base
[פָּצַץ] vb. break (Ar. break, break asunder; Nab. break asunder; Syr. crush)
Pō‛. a hammer which shatters rock.
Pilp. he [God] dashed me in pieces (fig.).
base
H6327a פּוּץ be dispersed, scattered .be dispersed, disperse; be scattered, of enemies
. . be scattered, of army
. be spread abroad, of peoples
. . trans. scatter
. intrans. scatter
H6327b מֵפִיץ scatterer, disperser H6327c פּוּץ flow, overflow H6327d [פָּצַץ] break (Ar. break, break asunder; Nab. break asunder; Syr. crush) . a hammer which shatters rock.
. he [God] dashed me in pieces (fig.).
6327 puwts poots
a primitive root; to dash in pieces, literally or
figuratively (especially to disperse):--break (dash, shake)
in (to) pieces, cast (abroad), disperse (selves), drive,
retire, scatter (abroad), spread abroad.
פּוּץ (puts) — to scatter.
1) to scatter, be dispersed, be scattered
1a) (Qal) to be dispersed, be scattered
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be scattered
1b2) to be spread abroad
1c) (Hiphil) to scatter
1d) Hithpael) scatter
מֵפִיץ (me.phits) — scatterer.
n.m.
scatterer
פּוּץ (puts) — to flow.
(Qal) to flow, overflow
פָּצַץ (pa.tsats) — to shatter.
1) to break
1a) (Polel) to shatter
1b) (Pilpel) to dash to pieces
V-Niphal-Perf-3cp — Verb · Niphal · perfect third person common pluralHVNp3cp
מִשְׁפָּחָה (mishpachah) refers to a clan or family, encompassing a circle of relatives and extending to tribes or peoples. It can also denote a class of persons, species of animals, or kinds of things. The entries highlight its various uses, including guilds and aristocrats, but do not present any significant disagreement.
מִשְׁפָּחָה 303 n.f. clan
clan
= guild
= species, kind
pl. = aristocrats
base
H4940 מִשְׁפָּחָה clan . clan
. = guild
. = species, kind
. pl. = aristocrats
4940 mishpachah mish-paw-khaw'
from 8192 (compare 8198); a family, i.e. circle of relatives;
figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or
sort (of things); by extens. a tribe or people:--family,
kind(-red).
see HEBREW for 08192
see HEBREW for 08198
מִשְׁפָּחָה (mish.pa.chah) — family.
1) clan, family
1a) clan
1a1) family
1a2) tribe
1a3) people, nation
1b) guild
1c) species, kind
1d) aristocrats
N-fp — Noun common · feminine plural constructHNcfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
כְּנַעֲנִי (ken-ah-an-ee) refers to a Canaanite, an inhabitant of Canaan, and also denotes a merchant or trader. It is derived from the root word for Canaan, which can imply a connection to trade, as Canaanites were known for their mercantile activities. The term can also describe a woman from Canaan, first mentioned in Genesis 46:10.
כְּנַעֲנִי adj. et nom.gent.
base
כְּנַעֲנִי n.m. trader, merchant
base
H3669a כְּנַעֲנִי adj. et nom. gent. H3669b כְּנַעֲנִי trader, merchant
3669 Kna`aniy ken-ah-an-ee'
patrial from 3667; a Kenaanite or inhabitant of Kenaan; by
implication, a pedlar (the Canaanites standing for their
neighbors the Ishmaelites, who conducted mercantile
caravans):--Canaanite, merchant, trafficker.
see HEBREW for 03667
כְּנַעֲנִי (ke.na.a.ni) — Canaanite.
Group of ke.na.an (כְּנַ֫עַן "Canaan" H3667A)
§ Canaanite, of Cana "zealous"
adj
descendant or inhabitant of Canaan
כְּנַעֲנִי (ke.na.a.ni) — merchant.
a merchant, trader
Group of ke.na.an (כְּנַ֫עַן "merchant" H3667B)
כְּנַעֲנִי (ke.na.a.ni) — Canaanitess.
Describing a woman living at the time of the Patriarchs, first mentioned at Gen.46.10;
mother of: Shaul (H7586H)
§ a merchant, trader
Art | Ngmsa — Particle · noun gentilic masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ngmsa