Ezekiel 28:5 — Word Study
WLCבְּרֹ֧ב חָכְמָתְךָ֛ בִּרְכֻלָּתְךָ֖ הִרְבִּ֣יתָ חֵילֶ֑ךָ וַיִּגְבַּ֥הּ לְבָבְךָ֖ בְּחֵילֶֽךָ׃ ס
BSABy your greatrôb [abundance of, exceptional] skillchokmâh [wisdom, prudence] in tradingrᵉkullâh [merchandise, commerce] you have increasedrâbâh■ [multiplied, grown] your wealthchayil [riches, power] but your heartlêbâb [innermost being, mind] has grown proudgâbahh▸ [exulted, lifted up] because of [it]chayil [your wealth, strength]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בְּרֹ֧ב | by [the] greatness of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| חָכְמָתְךָ֛ | skill your | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| בִּרְכֻלָּתְךָ֖ | by trading your | Preposition, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| הִרְבִּ֣יתָ | you have increased | Verb, Hiphil, perfect second person masculine singular |
| חֵילֶ֑ךָ | wealth your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| וַיִּגְבַּ֥הּ | and it has been haughty | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| לְבָבְךָ֖ | heart your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| בְּחֵילֶֽךָ׃ ס | in wealth your | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | By your great skill in trading you have increased your wealth, but your heart has grown proud because of it. |
| KJV | By thy great wisdom and by thy traffick hast thou increased thy riches, and thine heart is lifted up because of thy riches: |
| ASV | by thy great wisdom and by thy traffic hast thou increased thy riches, and thy heart is lifted up because of thy riches;— |
| YLT | By the abundance of thy wisdom, Through thy merchandise, Thou hast multiplied thy wealth, And high is thy heart through thy wealth. |
| WEB | By your great wisdom and by your trading you have increased your riches, and your heart is lifted up because of your riches—” |
| BBE | By your great wisdom and by your trade your power is increased, and your heart is lifted up because of your power: |
Where they part company is חָכְמָתְךָ֛ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has a main clause with a consequence, revealing the relationship between skill, wealth, and pride.
6 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbרָבָה
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezekiel 28:5
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Fall of Tyre's Kinggenerated
Ezekiel 28:5 addresses the king of Tyre, highlighting how his great skill in trading has led to immense wealth. However, this wealth has also fostered pride in his heart, distancing him from humility and dependence on God. The surrounding verses elaborate on the consequences of such pride, warning of impending judgment due to his arrogance.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Proverbs 26:12 | Do you see a man who is wise in his own eyes? There is more hope for a fool than for him. |
| 2 | Isaiah 5:21 | Woe to those who are wise in their own eyes and clever in their own sight. |
| 3 | Romans 12:16 | Live in harmony with one another. Do not be proud, but enjoy the company of the lowly. Do not be conceited. |
| 4 | Ezekiel 27:12–36 | Tarshish was your merchant because of your great wealth of goods; they exchanged silver, iron, tin, and lead for your wares. |
| 5 | Psalm 62:10 | Place no trust in extortion, or false hope in stolen goods. If your riches increase, do not set your heart upon them. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 25 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חָכְמָתְךָ֛, cha.khe.ma.te.Khagenerated
The word חָכְמָה (chokmah) signifies wisdom, encompassing skill and prudence. It is often associated with good judgment in various fields, including trade and governance. The parsing as a feminine singular noun indicates a quality or attribute, particularly in the context of one's abilities.
In this verse, the king's skill in trading is emphasized as a source of his wealth, yet it is this very skill that has contributed to his pride. The use of חָכְמָה here suggests that wisdom can be a double-edged sword, leading to both success and arrogance.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb of the verse is הִרְבִּ֣יתָ, you have increased, which governs the overall meaning. The sentence structure includes a prepositional phrase describing the source of wealth, followed by a noun phrase that identifies the subject's heart, and concludes with a clause that expresses the consequence of pride.
The word order emphasizes the cause and effect relationship: the king's skill leads to increased wealth, which in turn results in pride. This structure reflects a logical progression of thought, illustrating the dangers of allowing success to inflate one's ego.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates חָכְמָתְךָ֛ as σοφία (sophia), meaning wisdom. This choice highlights a broader understanding of wisdom, encompassing not just skill but also insight and discernment.
This translation implies a more philosophical view of the king's abilities, suggesting that his wisdom is not merely practical but also deeply rooted in understanding, which may further amplify the warning against pride.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezekiel 28:5 tells us that the king of Tyre has become wealthy through his great skill in trading. However, this wealth has made his heart proud. The verse warns that success can lead to arrogance if one forgets the source of their abilities.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It indicates that the king has become arrogant and self-sufficient, believing his success is solely due to his own abilities rather than recognizing any divine influence.
This verse illustrates the biblical theme that pride often precedes a fall, as the king's arrogance leads to a warning of impending judgment.
Wealth can be a source of pride if one does not remain humble and acknowledge the role of wisdom and external factors in achieving success.
This verse aligns with other scriptures that warn against pride, such as Proverbs 16:18, which states that pride goes before destruction.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life might I be tempted to become proud due to my successes?
- How can I ensure that I remain humble and recognize the source of my abilities?
- What practical steps can I take to guard against the dangers of pride?
- How does this verse challenge my understanding of wealth and its impact on character?
Commentators on this verse — 6 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 28:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleBy thy great wisdom and by thy traffic,.... Or, "by thy great wisdom in thy traffic" (i); through great skill in trade and commerce: hast thou increased thy riches; to a very great degree, a
Read John Gill on Ezekiel 28 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryBy thy great wisdom and by thy traffick hast thou increased thy riches, and thine heart is lifted up because of thy riches: By thy great wisdom ... hast thou increased thy riches, and thine heart is
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 28 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleThy great wisdom: here the eminent degree of this prince’ s wisdom is owned. And by thy traffic: and might as well be spared, for as it is not in the Hebrew, so it rather obscures than clears the text; let it be read, By thy great wisdom in thy traffic, and it is very plain, and so the French reads it increased; made great or enlarged. Thy riches; thy power, as . Is lifted up; exalts itself, carrieth it loftily and proudly above thy neighbours, which is not good; above thyself, which is worse; and above God too, which is worst of all, as . Thy riches; thy puissance at home and abroad, by nature and art.
Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 28 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzekiel 28:5 By thy great wisdom [and] by thy traffick hast thou increased thy riches, and thine heart is lifted up because of thy riches:Ver. 5. Thine heart is lifted up because of thy riches.] Like as the higher the flood riseth, the higher also doth the boat that floateth thereon. A small blast will blow up a bubble, so will a few paltry pounds puff up a carnal heart. By thy great wisdom.] Here God did nothing. And such, for all the world, saith Oecolampadius, are our freewill men, with their ego feci, this I did. Such feci’ s I did it’ s are no better than faeces, dregs saith Luther; that is, dregs and dross.
Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 28 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 5. By thy great wisdom] He attributed every thing to himself; he did not acknowledge a Divine providence. As he got all by himself, so he believed he could keep all by himself, and had no need of any foreign help.
Read AdamClarke on Ezekiel 28 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges1–10. The sin of the prince of Tyre (Ezekiel 28:1-5), and his destruction (Ezekiel 28:6-10) The prince of Tyre of the time was probably Ithobal II. It is not, however, any individual prince that the prophet threatens, but the ruler of Tyre, who is the embodiment of the spirit of the proud commercial city. The sin with which the prophet charges the prince is pride of heart and self-deification. The prince—who is but the impersonation of the spirit of the community—was very wise, wiser than Daniel (Ezekiel 28:3). His wisdom expressed itself and found scope in his commerce and manufactures and in his arts. These produced wealth and splendour, which led to ungodly arrogance (Ezekiel 28:4-5)…
Read Cambridge on Ezekiel 28 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
By your great skill in trading you have increased your wealth, but your heart has grown proud because of it.
By your great wisdom and by your trading you have increased your riches, and your heart is lifted up because of your riches—”
By your great skill in trading you have increased your wealth, but your heart has grown proud because of it.
By your great skill in trade you have increased your wealth, and your heart is proud because of your wealth.
Tyndale line
By thy great wisdom and by thy traffick hast thou increased thy riches, and thine heart is lifted up because of thy riches:
by thy great wisdom and by thy traffic hast thou increased thy riches, and thy heart is lifted up because of thy riches;—
by thy great wisdom and by thy traffic hast thou increased thy riches, and thine heart is lifted up because of thy riches:
By thy great wisdom and by thy traffick hast thou increased thy riches, and thy heart is lifted up because of thy riches:
By thy great wisedome and by thine occupying hast thou increased thy riches, and thine heart is lifted vp because of thy riches.
Strictly literal
by thy great wisdom thou hast by thy traffic increased thy riches, and thy heart is lifted up because of thy riches.
By the abundance of thy wisdom, Through thy merchandise, Thou hast multiplied thy wealth, And high is thy heart through thy wealth.
By the abundance of your wisdom, || Through your merchandise, || You have multiplied your wealth, || And your heart is high through your wealth.
By the abundance of thy wisdom in thy traffic hadst thou increased thy riches; and thy heart was lifted up because of thy riches:
By great wisdom and by your trading, you have multiplied your wealth, so your heart is arrogant because of your wealth.
From the Latin
By the greatness of thy wisdom, and by thy traffic thou hast increased thy strength: and thy heart is lifted up with thy strength.
Simplified
You became wealthy through your superb trading skills, but your wealth only made you proud.
By your great wisdom and by your trade your power is increased, and your heart is lifted up because of your power:
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all eight words matched. This consistency across witnesses reinforces the message about the relationship between skill, wealth, and pride.
בְּרֹ֧ב חָכְמָתְךָ֛ בִּרְכֻלָּתְךָ֖ הִרְבִּ֣יתָ חֵילֶ֑ךָ וַיִּגְבַּ֥הּ לְבָבְךָ֖ בְּחֵילֶֽךָ׃ ס
8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 28:5
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
רֹב (rov) refers to a multitude or abundance, encompassing ideas of greatness and numerousness. It is derived from a related root and can describe anything from a large quantity to excellence. The entries consistently highlight its use in various contexts, emphasizing its broad application in the Old Testament.
רֹב 151 n.m. multitude, abundance, greatness
base
H7230 רֹב multitude, abundance, greatness
7230 rob robe
from 7231; abundance (in any respect):--abundance(- antly),
all, X common (sort), excellent, great(-ly, -ness, number),
huge, be increased, long, many, more in number, most, much,
multitude, plenty(-ifully), X very (age).
see HEBREW for 07231
רֹב (rov) — abundance.
1) multitude, abundance, greatness
1a) multitude
1a1) abundance, abundantly
1a2) numerous
1b) greatness
Prep | N-cs — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
חָכְמָה (chokmah) means wisdom and encompasses various forms of skill, including in war and administration, as well as shrewdness and ethical prudence. It is built from the root word for wisdom, חָכַם (chakam). The term appears in contexts related to both practical and religious matters.
חָכְמָה n.f. wisdom
skill in war
wisdom, in administration
shrewdness, wisdom
wisdom, prudence in religious affairs
wisdom, ethical and religious
base
H2451 חָכְמָה wisdom . skill in war
. wisdom, in administration
. shrewdness, wisdom
. wisdom, prudence in religious affairs
. wisdom, ethical and religious
2451 chokmah khok-maw'
from 2449; wisdom (in a good sense):--skilful, wisdom,
wisely, wit.
see HEBREW for 02449
חׇכְמָה (chokh.mah) — wisdom.
1) wisdom
1a) skill (in war)
1b) wisdom (in administration)
1c) shrewdness, wisdom
1d) wisdom, prudence (in religious affairs)
1e) wisdom (ethical and religious)
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp2ms
רְכֻלָּה (rkullah) refers to trade or merchandise, derived from the root word for trading. It appears in contexts related to commerce, specifically in Ezekiel 28:5, 16, and 18, where it denotes the act of trafficking or dealing in goods.
[רְכֻלָּה] n.f.
traffic;—רְכֻלָּֽתְךָ Ez 28:5, 16, 18.
merchandise, רְכֻלָּתֵךְ 26:12.
done
H7404 רְכֻלָּה
7404 rkullah rek-ool-law'
feminine passive participle of 7402; trade (as
peddled):--merchandise, traffic.
see HEBREW for 07402
רְכֻלָּה (re.khul.lah) — merchandise.
merchandise, traffic, trade
Prep | N-fs | Suff — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncfsc/Sp2ms
רָבָה (rabah) is a Hebrew verb meaning to increase or multiply, encompassing ideas of becoming great, numerous, or abundant. It has various forms, including Qal (to become many), Piel (to make large), and Hiphil (to make much). The word also appears in a context related to shooting in Genesis 21:20. There is a noted Aramaic equivalent, רְבָה.
[רָבָה] 225 vb. be, or become, much, many, great
Qal 59
become many, numerous
be great
grow great (Aramaism)
Pi. 4 make large, increase
Hiph. 162
H7235a רָבָה be, or become, much, many, great .. become many, numerous
. . be great
. grow great (Aramaism)
. make large, increase
. . make much or many
. make great, obj. pers.
H7235b רָבָה shoot
7235 rabah raw-baw'
a primitive root; to increase (in whatever respect):--(bring
in) abundance (X -antly), + archer (by mistake for 7232), be
in authority, bring up, X continue, enlarge, excel,
exceeding(-ly), be full of, (be, make) great(-er, -ly,
X -ness), grow up, heap, increase, be long, (be, give, have,
make, use) many (a time), (any, be, give, give the, have) more
(in number), (ask, be, be so, gather, over, take, yield) much
(greater, more), (make to) multiply, nourish, plenty(-eous), X
process (of time), sore, store, thoroughly, very.
see HEBREW for 07232
רָבָה (ra.vah) — to multiply.
1) be or become great, be or become many, be or become much, be or become numerous
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to become many, become numerous, multiply (of people, animals, things)
1a2) to be or grow great
1b) (Piel) to make large, enlarge, increase, become many
1c) (Hiphil)
1c1) to make much, make many, have many
1c1a) to multiply, increase
1c1b) to make much to do, do much in respect of, transgress greatly
1c1c) to increase greatly or exceedingly
1c2) to make great, enlarge, do much
Aramaic equivalent: re.vah (רְבָה "to grow great" H7236)
רָבָה (ra.vah) — to shoot.
(Qal) to shoot
V-Hiphil-Perf-2ms — Verb · Hiphil · perfect second person masculine singularHVhp2ms
The Hebrew word חַ֫יִל (*chayil*) encompasses meanings related to strength, efficiency, wealth, and army. It is derived from a root meaning force and can refer to physical might, moral virtue, or resources. The entries consistently highlight its application to soldiers and military forces, with no significant disagreement noted among the lexicons.
חַ֫יִל 244 n.m. strength, efficiency, wealth, army
strength, usu. physical
ability, efficiency, often involving moral worth
wealth
force, army
base
H2428 חַ֫יִל strength, efficiency, wealth, army
2428 chayil khah'-yil
from 2342; probably a force, whether of men, means or other
resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength:--able,
activity, (+) army, band of men (soldiers), company, (great)
forces, goods, host, might, power, riches, strength, strong,
substance, train, (+)valiant(-ly), valour, virtuous(-ly), war,
worthy(-ily).
see HEBREW for 02342
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength: soldiers.
: soldiers/army
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army
חֵילֵךְ (che.lek) — Helech.
§ Helech = "your army"
a place near Arvad and Gammad
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength.
: strong
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army, soldiers/army
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength: rich.
: rich/wealth
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength: worthy.
: worthy
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2ms
גָּבַהּ (gabahh) is a Hebrew root meaning to be high or exalted. It can refer to physical height or a figurative sense of arrogance and pride. The word appears in various forms, including Qal, indicating a state of being lofty, and Hiphil, which means to elevate or exalt. There is a distinction in connotation, as it can imply both positive exaltation and negative haughtiness.
גָּבַהּ vb. be high, exalted
Qal
be high, lofty, tall
be exalted
lofty
Hiph. make high, exalt
base
H1361 גָּבַהּ be high, exalted
1361 gabahh gaw-bah'
a primitive root; to soar, i.e. be lofty; figuratively, to be
haughty:--exalt, be haughty, be (make) high(-er), lift up,
mount up, be proud, raise up great height, upward.
גָּבַהּ (ga.vah) — to exult.
1) to be high, be exalted
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to be high, lofty, tall
1a2) to be exalted
1a3) to be lofty
1a3a) to be lofty (of Jehovah's ways-good sense)
1a3b) to be haughty, be arrogant (bad sense)
1b) (Hiphil) to make high, exalt
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
לֵבָב (lebab) refers to the inner man, encompassing the mind, will, and heart. It highlights aspects like emotions, moral character, and conscience, often contrasting the inner self with the outer. The term is used primarily for humans and can also denote courage and appetites.
לֵבָב 251 n.m. inner man, mind, will, heart
seldom of things in the midst of the seas
usu. of men
the inner man in contrast with the outer
the inner man, indef. the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
specific ref. to mind
spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions, determinations of the will
spec. ref. to conscience
spec. ref. to moral character
= the man himself
spec. as seat of appetites
spec. of seat of the emotions and passions
seat of courage
base
H3824 לֵבָב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the seas
. usu. of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer
. the inner man, indef. the soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
. specific ref. to mind
. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions, determinations of the will
. spec. ref. to conscience
. spec. ref. to moral character
. = the man himself
. spec. as seat of appetites
. spec. of seat of the emotions and passions
. seat of courage
3824 lebab lay-bawb'
from 3823; the heart (as the most interior organ); used also
like 3820:--+ bethink themselves, breast, comfortably,
courage, ((faint), (tender-)heart((-ed)), midst, mind, X
unawares, understanding.
see HEBREW for 03823
see HEBREW for 03820
לֵבָב (le.vav) — heart.
1) inner man, mind, will, heart, soul, understanding
1a) inner part, midst
1a1) midst (of things)
1a2) heart (of man)
1a3) soul, heart (of man)
1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
1a6) conscience
1a7) heart (of moral character)
1a8) as seat of appetites
1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
Aramaic equivalent: le.vav (לְבַב "heart" H3825)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2ms
The Hebrew word חַ֫יִל (*chayil*) encompasses meanings related to strength, efficiency, wealth, and army. It is derived from a root meaning force and can refer to physical might, moral virtue, or resources. The entries consistently highlight its application to soldiers and military forces, with no significant disagreement noted among the lexicons.
חַ֫יִל 244 n.m. strength, efficiency, wealth, army
strength, usu. physical
ability, efficiency, often involving moral worth
wealth
force, army
base
H2428 חַ֫יִל strength, efficiency, wealth, army
2428 chayil khah'-yil
from 2342; probably a force, whether of men, means or other
resources; an army, wealth, virtue, valor, strength:--able,
activity, (+) army, band of men (soldiers), company, (great)
forces, goods, host, might, power, riches, strength, strong,
substance, train, (+)valiant(-ly), valour, virtuous(-ly), war,
worthy(-ily).
see HEBREW for 02342
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength: soldiers.
: soldiers/army
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army
חֵילֵךְ (che.lek) — Helech.
§ Helech = "your army"
a place near Arvad and Gammad
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength.
: strong
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army, soldiers/army
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength: rich.
: rich/wealth
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army
חַ֫יִל (cha.yil) — strength: worthy.
: worthy
1) strength, might, efficiency, wealth, army
1a) strength
1b) ability, efficiency
1c) wealth
1d) force, army
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHR/Ncmsc/Sp2ms