Ezekiel 2:10 — Word Study
WLCוַיִּפְרֹ֤שׂ אוֹתָהּ֙ לְפָנַ֔י וְהִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה פָּנִ֣ים וְאָח֑וֹר וְכָת֣וּב אֵלֶ֔יהָ קִנִ֥ים וָהֶ֖גֶה וָהִֽי׃ ס
BSAwhich He unrolledpâras▸ [spread out, laid open] before mepânîym And writtenkâthab [inscribed, recorded] on the frontpânîym [face, surface] and backʼâchôwr [rear side, reverse] of itʼêl [were] words of lamentationqîynâh [messages, writings, dirge, mourning song] mourninghegeh [moaning, sorrow] and woehîy△ [lament, calamity]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וַיִּפְרֹ֤שׂ | and he spread out | Verb, Qal, sequential imperfect third person masculine singular |
| אוֹתָהּ֙ | the object marker it | Particle, suffix |
| לְפָנַ֔י | before me | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וְהִ֥יא | and it | Conjunction, pronoun |
| כְתוּבָ֖ה | [was] written | Verb, Qal, participle (passive) feminine singular |
| פָּנִ֣ים | face | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| וְאָח֑וֹר | and back | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וְכָת֣וּב | and [was] written | Conjunction, verb qal participle (passive) masculine singular |
| אֵלֶ֔יהָ | to it | Preposition, suffix |
| קִנִ֥ים | lamentations | Noun common, masculine plural absolute |
| וָהֶ֖גֶה | and moaning | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וָהִֽי׃ ס | and wailing | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | which He unrolled before me. And written on the front and back of it were words of lamentation, mourning, and woe. |
| KJV | And he spread it before me; and it was written within and without: and there was written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe. |
| ASV | and he spread it before me: and it was written within and without; and there were written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe. |
| YLT | and He spreadeth it before me, and it is written in front and behind, and written on it [are] lamentations, and mourning, and woe! |
| WEB | He spread it before me. It was written within and without; and lamentations, mourning, and woe were written in it. |
| BBE | And he put it open before me, and it had writing on the front and on the back; words of grief and sorrow and trouble were recorded in it. |
Translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse, with no significant variations noted.
The sentence contains a main clause followed by a subordinate clause that describes the content of the scroll, emphasizing the prophetic message's significance.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectוְ
verbפָּרַשׂ
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
1 of 12 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Ezekiel 2:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — Ezekiel's Commissiongenerated
Ezekiel 2:10 presents a pivotal moment in Ezekiel's prophetic calling, where God reveals a scroll filled with words of lamentation, mourning, and woe. This scroll serves as a representation of the messages Ezekiel is to convey to the people of Israel, highlighting their rebellion and the consequences they face. The imagery of the scroll emphasizes the seriousness of the message and the weight of the impending judgment, as also seen in Jeremiah 36:29-32.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Isaiah 30:8–11 | Go now, write it on a tablet in their presence and inscribe it on a scroll; it will be for the days to come, a witness forever and ever. |
| 2 | Habakkuk 2:2 | Then the LORD answered me: “Write down this vision and clearly inscribe it on tablets, so that a herald may run with it. |
| 3 | Isaiah 3:11 | Woe to the wicked; disaster is upon them! For they will be repaid with what their hands have done. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 36:29–32 | You are to proclaim concerning Jehoiakim king of Judah that this is what the LORD says: You have burned the scroll and said, ‘Why have you written on it that the king of Babylon would surely come and destroy this land and deprive it of man and beast?’ |
| 5 | Revelation 8:13 | And as I observed, I heard an eagle flying overhead, calling in a loud voice, “Woe! Woe! Woe to those who dwell on the earth, because of the trumpet blasts about to be sounded by the remaining three angels!” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — וַיִּפְרֹ֤שׂ, vai.yif.Rosgenerated
The verb פָּרַשׂ (paras) means 'to spread out' or 'to lay open.' It describes the action of God unrolling the scroll before Ezekiel, which signifies the revelation of His words. The parsing as a sequential imperfect third person masculine singular indicates an ongoing action, emphasizing God's active role in revealing His message.
This verb encompasses both physical and metaphorical meanings, illustrating how God communicates His will and intentions to His prophets. The choice of this verb underscores the importance of the message being made clear and accessible to Ezekiel.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The verse is rendered in the Berean Standard Bible, which states that the scroll was unrolled and contained words of lamentation, mourning, and woe.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The main verb וַיִּפְרֹ֤שׂ governs the sentence, indicating the action of spreading out. The structure includes a noun phrase that identifies the object (the scroll), followed by a prepositional phrase indicating the location (before Ezekiel).
The sentence is constructed with a clear sequence, where the action of spreading out leads directly into the description of what is written on the scroll, emphasizing the scroll's significance and the gravity of its contents.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew verb פָּרַשׂ is translated as ἀνείλησεν (aneilēsen), which also means 'to unroll' or 'to spread out.' This choice reflects the translators' understanding of the act of revealing God's message to Ezekiel.
The translation captures the essence of the original Hebrew, maintaining the focus on the divine action of unrolling the scroll, thus reinforcing the importance of the prophetic message being conveyed.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Ezekiel 2:10 describes a moment when God unrolled a scroll before Ezekiel, revealing words of lamentation, mourning, and woe. This scroll contained messages that Ezekiel was to deliver to the people, highlighting their rebellion and the sorrowful consequences they would face.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The scroll represents the messages from God that Ezekiel is to deliver to the people of Israel, conveying themes of lamentation and impending judgment.
These terms reflect the serious nature of the messages concerning the people's rebellion and the consequences they will face, emphasizing the sorrow and judgment that God communicates.
Ezekiel's vision parallels other prophetic messages that convey God's warnings and judgments, similar to those found in the writings of Jeremiah and Isaiah.
This act signifies God's direct communication with Ezekiel, emphasizing the importance of the messages contained within and the role of the prophet as a messenger.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What messages of lamentation and mourning do I see in the world today, and how can I respond to them?
- How can I be more attentive to the messages God may be revealing to me in my life?
- In what ways can I share messages of hope and healing with those who are experiencing sorrow?
- How does understanding the weight of God's messages impact my view of my role in sharing His word?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers have commented on this verse, discussing its implications regarding lamentation and the nature of prophetic messages.
I take it to be similar in the case of the book mentioned by Ezekiel, in which had been written lamentation, mourning and woe.Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 2 →
"And there were written in it lamentations, a song, and woe." There is no doubt that "song" (carmen) is sometimes used in a good sense and sometimes in a bad sense, because we can speak of both a joyful song and a mournful song.Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 2 →
But "woe" in Sacred Scripture is more often understood of eternal grief than of present grief. Whence it is written: "Woe to the wicked unto evil;Early Church Fathers on Ezekiel 2 →
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Ezekiel 2:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd he spread it before me,.... Unrolled it, that what was written in it might he seen and read; that so, understanding it, he might deliver the contents of it to the people: thus the Gospel, and the
Read John Gill on Ezekiel 2 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd he spread it before me; and it was written within and without: and there was written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe. It was written within and without - on the face and the back.
Read Robert Jamieson on Ezekiel 2 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHe: it was the hand, here it is the person, he who held out his hand. Spread it before me; unrolled it within that distance the prophet might read what was written therein. Written within and without; on both sides, on that side which was inward when rolled upon its roundle, and on that side also that was outward, and as it were the back side: a long roll, and full on both sides; so would the sorrows of the Jews be. Lamentations, and mourning, and woe; such things as would make the stoutest heart lament, inwardly grieve; and mourn, express it in visible tokens; and woe, sad thoughts and guesses at worse to come: so this prophet’ s message would be a most heavy burden to the Jews and other…
Read Matthew Poole on Ezekiel 2 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsEzekiel 2:10 And he spread it before me; and it [was] written within and without: and [there was] written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe.Ver. 10. And he spread it before me.] Till Christ unfold heavenly mysteries, men understand them not. He is the excellent interpreter. And it was written within and without.] To show abundance of miseries coming on the Jews and others. Lamentation, and mourning, and woe.] Foretold all along this volume till chapter 40; sad songs, doleful ditties. äæä, gemitus sicut columbae moaning like doves.
Read John Trapp on Ezekiel 2 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(10) He spread it before me.—The roll was given to the prophet open, as the book in Revelation 10:8, that he might first see it all as a whole, before becoming thoroughly possessed with it in detail. What he saw was “lamentations, and mourning, and woe;” in other words, this was the whole character of the message he was commissioned to bear until the great judgment in the destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple should be fulfilled, when, after Ezekiel 33, his prophecies assume a consolatory character. (See Introduction, VI)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Ezekiel 2 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. It was written within and without] Contrary to the state of rolls in general, which are written on the inside only. The Hebrew rolls are generally written in this way. There are several of such Hebrew rolls before me, all written on the inside only, consisting of skins of vellum, or parchment, or basil, a sort of half-tanned sheep or goat skin, sewed together, extending to several yards in length. Other Asiatic books were written in the same way. A Sanscrit roll of sixty feet in length, also before me, is written all on the inside; and a Koran, written in exceedingly small characters, about two inches broad and twelve feet long, and weighing but about half an ounce. But the roll…
Read AdamClarke on Ezekiel 2 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the BibleIN SYMBOL AND BY DIRECT THE IS TAUGHT THAT HE MUST NOT SPEAK HIS OWN WORDS, BUT JEHOVAH’S, Ezekiel 2:9 to Ezekiel 3:11.9, 10.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Ezekiel 2 →The verse in English, compared — 16 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
which He unrolled before me. And written on the front and back of it were words of lamentation, mourning, and woe.
He spread it before me. It was written within and without; and lamentations, mourning, and woe were written in it.
which He unrolled before me. And written on the front and back of it were words of lamentation, mourning, and woe.
He unrolled it before me, and it had writing on the front and back; written on it were laments, mourning, and woe.
Tyndale line
And he spread it before me; and it was written within and without: and there was written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe.
and he spread it before me: and it was written within and without; and there were written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe.
And he spread it before me; and it was written within and without: and there was written therein lamentations, and mourning, and woe.
And he spread it before me: and it was written within and without: and there was written in it lamentations, and mourning, and woe.
And he spred it before me, and it was written within and without, and there was written therein, Lamentations, and mourning, and woe.
Strictly literal
And he spread it out before me; and it was written within and without; and there were written in it lamentations, and mourning, and woe.
and He spreadeth it before me, and it is written in front and behind, and written on it [are] lamentations, and mourning, and woe!
and He spreads it before me, and it is written in front and behind, and written on it [are] lamentations, and mourning, and woe!
And he spread it out before me; and it was written within and without: and there were written therein lamentations, and dirges, and woe.
He spread it out before me; it had been written on both its front and back, and written on it were lamentations, mourning, and woe.
Simplified
He spread it out in front of me, and there written on both the front and back were words of grief, mourning, and tragedy.
And he put it open before me, and it had writing on the front and on the back; words of grief and sorrow and trouble were recorded in it.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with 11 of the 12 words matched. This consistency indicates a strong preservation of the original message across these ancient texts.
וַיִּפְרֹ֤שׂ אוֹתָהּ֙ לְפָנַ֔י וְהִ֥יא כְתוּבָ֖ה פָּנִ֣ים וְאָח֑וֹר וְכָת֣וּב אֵלֶ֔יהָ קִנִ֥ים וָהֶ֖גֶה וָהִֽי׃ ס
11 of the 12 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Ezekiel 2:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
פָּרַשׂ (paras) is a Hebrew verb meaning to spread out or scatter. It encompasses actions like breaking apart, dispersing, and stretching forth. The word appears in various forms, including Qal (to spread), Niphal (to be scattered), and Piel (to scatter). The entries collectively highlight its use in contexts of spreading or scattering, but do not provide specific verse references.
פָּרַשׂ vb. spread out, spread
Qal
spread out
spread
Niph. they shall be scattered
Pi.
spread out
= scatter
base
H6566 פָּרַשׂ spread out, spread
6566 paras paw-ras'
a primitive root; to break apart, disperse, etc.:--break,
chop in pieces, lay open, scatter, spread (abroad, forth,
selves, out), stretch (forth, out).
פָּרַשׂ (pa.ra.s) — to spread.
1) to spread, spread out, stretch, break in pieces
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to spread out, display
1a2) to spread over
1b) (Niphal) to be scattered, be spread out
1c) (Piel)
1c1) to spread out
1c1) to scatter
Conj | V-Qal-ConsecImperf-3ms — Verb · Qal · sequential imperfect third person masculine singularHc/Vqw3ms
אֵת (eth) is primarily a grammatical marker in Hebrew, indicating the definite direct object of a verb. It is not translated into English and typically precedes nouns that are definite. The word is derived from a demonstrative sense of entity, related to the Hebrew word for 'self.' Its Aramaic equivalent is יָת (yat).
אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
base
H853 אֵת the mark of the accusative, prefixed as a rule only to nouns that are definite
853 'eth ayth
apparent contracted from 226 in the demonstrative sense of
entity; properly, self (but generally used to point out more
definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or
namely):--(as such unrepresented in English).
see HEBREW for 0226
אֵת (et) — [Obj.].
sign of the definite direct object, not translated in English but generally preceding and indicating the accusative
Aramaic equivalent: yat (יָת "whom" H3487)
HTo/Sp3fs — Particle · suffixHTo/Sp3fs
The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.
[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces
face, faces
presence, person
technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
face of seraphim
face of animals
face (= surface) of ground
as adv.loc. before
for other phrases
with prepositions
base
H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces
. . presence, person
. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
. face of seraphim
. face of animals
. face (= surface) of ground
. as adv. loc. before
. for other phrases
. with prepositions
6440 paniym paw-neem'
plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh
{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);
used in a great variety of applications (literally and
figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a
preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),
against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),
+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,
face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er
time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +
honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +
meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,
open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,
presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right
forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,
X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.
: before/to/front
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.
: face
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…
Prep | N-cp | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHR/Ncmpc/Sp1bs
הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.
הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it
an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
It resumes the subj. with emph.
Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
As an emph. predicate, of God
In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
base
H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
. It resumes the subj. with emph.
. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
. As an emph. predicate, of God
. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
1931 huw' hoo
of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a
primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or
it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also
(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;
sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally
(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),
it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,
this, those, which (is), who.
הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.
pron 3p s
1) he, she, it
1a) himself (with emphasis)
1b) resuming subj with emphasis
1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)
1d) (anticipating subj)
1e) (emphasising predicate)
1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron
2) that (with article)
HC/Pp3fs — Conjunction · pronounHC/Pp3fs
The Hebrew word כָּתַב (*kathab*) means 'to write' and encompasses various forms of writing, including recording, enrolling, and decreeing. It can also refer to something being written or recorded. The entries indicate that it is a primitive root with frequent usage in different contexts.
כָּתַב 223 vb. write
Qal
write
= write down, describe in writing
= register, enroll
= decree
Niph.
be written
= be written down, recorded
Pi. frequent.
base
H3789 כָּתַב write .. write
. = write down, describe in writing
. = register, enroll
. = decree
. . be written
. = be written down, recorded
. frequent.
3789 kathab kaw-thab'
a primitive root; to grave, by implication, to write
(describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe):--describe, record,
prescribe, subscribe, write(-ing, -ten).
כָּתַב (ka.tav) — to write.
1) to write, record, enrol
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to write, inscribe, engrave, write in, write on
1a2) to write down, describe in writing
1a3) to register, enrol, record
1a4) to decree
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be written
1b2) to be written down, be recorded, be enrolled
1c) (Piel) to continue writing
Aramaic equivalent: ke.tav (כְּתַב "to write" H3790)
V-Qal-Inf-c — Verb · Qal · participle (passive) feminine singularHVqsfsa
The Hebrew word פָּנֶה (*pāneh*) is a noun meaning 'face' or 'presence,' and it appears in various contexts, including the faces of seraphim and animals, as well as the surface of the ground. It can also function as an adverb meaning 'before' or 'in front of.' The word is built from a root that suggests turning or facing, and it encompasses a wide range of applications, both literal and figurative.
[פָּנֶה], pl. פָּנִים 2123 n.m. face, also faces
face, faces
presence, person
technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
face of seraphim
face of animals
face (= surface) of ground
as adv.loc. before
for other phrases
with prepositions
base
H6440 פָּנֶה, pl. פָּנִים face, also faces . . face, faces
. . presence, person
. technically, see one's face, i.e. appear before one, in one's presence
. face of seraphim
. face of animals
. face (= surface) of ground
. as adv. loc. before
. for other phrases
. with prepositions
6440 paniym paw-neem'
plural (but always as singular) of an unused noun (paneh
{paw-neh'}; from 6437); the face (as the part that turns);
used in a great variety of applications (literally and
figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a
preposition (before, etc.):--+ accept, a-(be- )fore(-time),
against, anger, X as (long as), at, + battle, + because (of),
+ beseech, countenance, edge, + employ, endure, + enquire,
face, favour, fear of, for, forefront(-part), form(-er
time, -ward), from, front, heaviness, X him(-self), +
honourable, + impudent, + in, it, look(-eth) (- s), X me, +
meet, X more than, mouth, of, off, (of) old (time), X on,
open, + out of, over against, the partial, person, + please,
presence, propect, was purposed, by reason of, + regard, right
forth, + serve, X shewbread, sight, state, straight, + street,
X thee, X them(-selves), through (+ - out), till, time(-s)
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face: before.
: before/to/front
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from before the face of
פָּנֶה (pa.neh) — face.
: face
1) face
1a) face, faces
1b) presence, person
1c) face (of seraphim or cherubim)
1d) face (of animals)
1e) face, surface (of ground)
1f) as adv of loc/temp
1f1) before and behind, toward, in front of, forward, formerly, from beforetime, before
1g) with prep
1g1) in front of, before, to the front of, in the presence of, in the face of, at the face or front of, from the presence of, from before, from…
N-cp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
fas: In Hebrew the translation of three expressions:
(1) panim
(2) `ayin, literally, "eye" and
(3) 'aph, literally, "nose," "nostril," already noted under the word COUNTENANCE, which see.
The first and second of these words are used synonymously, even in metaphorical expressions, as, for example in the phrase "the face of the earth," where panim is used (De 6:15 et passim) and `ayin (Nu 22:5 et passim). The third expression preserves more clearly its original meaning. It is generally used in the phrases "to bow one's self to the earth," "to fall on one's face," where the nose actually touched the ground. Often "my face," "thy face" is mere oriental circumlocution for the personal pronoun "I," "me," "thou," "thee." "In thy face" means "in thy presence;" and is often so translated. A…
Face
Means simply presence, as when it is recorded that Adam and Eve hid themselves from the “face [R.V., ‘presence’] of the Lord God” (Gen. 3:8; comp. Ex. 33:14, 15, where the same Hebrew word is rendered “presence”). The “light of God’s countenance” is his favour (Ps. 44:3; Dan. 9:17). “Face” signifies also anger, justice, severity (Gen. 16:6, 8; Ex. 2:15; Ps. 68:1; Rev. 6:16). To “provoke God to his face” (Isa.…
Face and presence, expressed by the same word in Hebrew, are often put for the person himself, Ge 48:11 Ex 33:14 Isa 63:9. No man has seen the face of God, that is, had a full revelation of his glory, Ex 33:20 Joh 1:18 1Ti 6:16. To see him "face to face," is to enjoy his presence, Ge 32:30 Nu 14:14 De 5:4, and have a clear manifestation of his nature and grace,
אָחוֹר (achowr) refers to the hinder side or back part of something. It can also imply a direction, meaning backward or behind, and has temporal uses, indicating a time to come or hereafter. The word is derived from a root meaning 'to be behind' and encompasses various contexts, including physical and temporal references.
אָחוֹר 41 subst. the hinder side, back part
base
H268 אָחוֹר the hinder side, back part
268 'achowr aw-khore'
or (shortened) achor {aw-khore'}; from 299; the hinder part;
hence (adverb) behind, backward; also (as facing north) the
West:--after(-ward), back (part, -side, -ward), hereafter,
(be-)hind(-er part), time to come, without.
see HEBREW for 0299
אָחוֹר (a.chor) — back.
1) the back side, the rear
1a) backwards
1b) hereafter (of time)
1c) behind
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
The Hebrew word כָּתַב (*kathab*) means 'to write' and encompasses various forms of writing, including recording, enrolling, and decreeing. It can also refer to something being written or recorded. The entries indicate that it is a primitive root with frequent usage in different contexts.
כָּתַב 223 vb. write
Qal
write
= write down, describe in writing
= register, enroll
= decree
Niph.
be written
= be written down, recorded
Pi. frequent.
base
H3789 כָּתַב write .. write
. = write down, describe in writing
. = register, enroll
. = decree
. . be written
. = be written down, recorded
. frequent.
3789 kathab kaw-thab'
a primitive root; to grave, by implication, to write
(describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe):--describe, record,
prescribe, subscribe, write(-ing, -ten).
כָּתַב (ka.tav) — to write.
1) to write, record, enrol
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to write, inscribe, engrave, write in, write on
1a2) to write down, describe in writing
1a3) to register, enrol, record
1a4) to decree
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be written
1b2) to be written down, be recorded, be enrolled
1c) (Piel) to continue writing
Aramaic equivalent: ke.tav (כְּתַב "to write" H3790)
HC/Vqsmsa — Conjunction · verb qal participle (passive) masculine singularHC/Vqsmsa
The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.
אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),
prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place
Where the limit is actually entered, into
Of direction towards anything
Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
Of rule or standard according to (rare)
Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
base
H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place
. Where the limit is actually entered, into
. Of direction towards anything
. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
. Of rule or standard according to (rare)
. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
413 'el ale
(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});
a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but
occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or
among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,
against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,
by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,
over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,
with(-in).
אֶל (el) — to(wards).
1) to, toward, unto (of motion)
2) into (limit is actually entered)
2a) in among
3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)
4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)
5) in addition to, to
6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of
7) according to (rule or standard)
8) at, by, against (of one's presence)
9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Prep | Suff — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3fs
קִינָה (qiynah) refers to a dirge or lamentation, often associated with mourning and expressed through music or rhythmic gestures. It is derived from the root word for lamentation and is used in contexts that convey deep sorrow.
קִינָה n.f. elegy, dirge
base
H7015 קִינָה
7015 qiynah kee-naw'
from 6969; a dirge (as accompanied by beating the breasts or
on instruments):--lamentation.
see HEBREW for 06969
קִינָה (qi.nah) — dirge.
lamentation, dirge, elegy
N-fp — Noun common · masculine plural absoluteHNcmpa
→ Of David Ps 60:1-3
→ Of Jeremiah, see the Book of Lamentations
→ Of Ezekiel Eze 19; 28:12-19
→ See ELEGY
הֶ֫גֶה (hegeh) refers to a sound characterized by rumbling, growling, or moaning. It encompasses meanings related to muttering, sighing, and mourning. The word is derived from a root that suggests a connection to deep, resonant sounds, and it appears in contexts where such expressions are relevant.
הֶ֫גֶה n.m. a rumbling, growling, moaning
base
H1899 הֶ֫גֶה a rumbling, growling, moaning
1899 hegeh heh'-geh
from 1897; a muttering (in sighing, thought, or as
thunder):--mourning, sound, tale.
see HEBREW for 01897
הֶ֫גֶה (he.geh) — moaning.
1) a rumbling, growling, moaning
1a) a rumbling, growling
1b) a moaning
1c) a sigh, moan, sighing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
הִי (hiy) refers to lamentation or woe. It is mentioned in the context of wailing, specifically appearing in Ezekiel 2:10. The entries indicate that this term is primarily associated with expressions of grief.
הִי (?) n.[m.] lamentation, wailing, only Ez 2:10
ref
H1958 הִי
1958 hiy he
for 5092; lamentation:--woe. (For hiyr. See 1931, 1932.)
see HEBREW for 05092
see HEBREW for 01931
see HEBREW for 01932
הִי (hi) — woe.
lamentation, wailing
Conj | N-ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa