Daniel 4:33 — Word Study
WLCבַּהּ־ שַׁעֲתָ֗א מִלְּתָא֮ סָ֣פַת עַל־ נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר֒ וּמִן־ אֲנָשָׁ֣א טְרִ֔יד וְעִשְׂבָּ֤א כְתוֹרִין֙ יֵאכֻ֔ל וּמִטַּ֥ל שְׁמַיָּ֖א גִּשְׁמֵ֣הּ יִצְטַבַּ֑ע עַ֣ד דִּ֥י שַׂעְרֵ֛הּ כְּנִשְׁרִ֥ין רְבָ֖ה וְטִפְר֥וֹהִי כְצִפְּרִֽין׃
BSAagainstʻal
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| בַּהּ־ | at it | Preposition, suffix |
| שַׁעֲתָ֗א | moment the | Noun common feminine singular determined, particle |
| מִלְּתָא֮ | word the | Noun common feminine singular determined, particle |
| סָ֣פַת | it was fulfilled | Verb, Qal, perfect third person feminine singular |
| עַל־ | on | Preposition |
| נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר֒ | Nebuchadnezzar | Noun proper masculine |
| וּמִן־ | and away from | Conjunction, preposition |
| אֲנָשָׁ֣א | humankind | Noun common both singular determined, particle |
| טְרִ֔יד | he was chased | Verb plural, third person masculine singular |
| וְעִשְׂבָּ֤א | and grass | Conjunction, noun common both singular determined, particle |
| כְתוֹרִין֙ | like oxen | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| יֵאכֻ֔ל | he ate | Verb, Qal, imperfect third person masculine singular |
| וּמִטַּ֥ל | and from [the] dew of | Conjunction, preposition, noun common both singular construct |
| שְׁמַיָּ֖א | heavens the | Noun common masculine plural determined, particle |
| גִּשְׁמֵ֣הּ | body his | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| יִצְטַבַּ֑ע | it became wet | Verb third, person masculine singular |
| עַ֣ד | until | Preposition |
| דִּ֥י | that | Conjunction |
| שַׂעְרֵ֛הּ | hair his | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| כְּנִשְׁרִ֥ין | like eagles | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
| רְבָ֖ה | it grew long | Verb, Qal, perfect third person masculine singular |
| וְטִפְר֥וֹהִי | and nails his | Conjunction, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| כְצִפְּרִֽין׃ | [were] like birds | Preposition, noun common masculine plural absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | At that moment the sentence against Nebuchadnezzar was fulfilled. He was driven away from mankind. He ate grass like an ox, and his body was drenched with the dew of heaven, until his hair grew like the feathers of an eagle and his nails like the claws of a bird. |
| KJV | The same hour was the thing fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar: and he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hairs were grown like eagles’ feathers, and his nails like birds’ claws. |
| ASV | The same hour was the thing fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar: and he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hair was grown like eagles’ feathers, and his nails like birds’ claws. |
| YLT | 'In that hour the thing hath been fulfilled on Nebuchadnezzar, and from men he is driven, and the herb as oxen he eateth, and by the dew of the heavens his body is wet, till that his hair as eagles' hath become great, and his nails as birds.' |
| WEB | This was fulfilled the same hour on Nebuchadnezzar. He was driven from men and ate grass like oxen; and his body was wet with the dew of the sky until his hair had grown like eagles’ feathers, and his nails like birds’ claws. |
| BBE | That very hour the order about Nebuchadnezzar was put into effect: and he was sent out from among men, and had grass for his food like the oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hair became long as eagles' feathers and his nails like those of birds. |
Where they part company is סָ֣פַת — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause presents the fulfillment of the judgment, followed by several subordinate clauses detailing the consequences and conditions of that fulfillment.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbתּוּב
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Daniel 4:33
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Judgment of Nebuchadnezzargenerated
Daniel 4:33 describes the moment when Nebuchadnezzar's judgment is fulfilled, resulting in his expulsion from human society and a transformation into a beast-like existence. This punishment serves as a divine lesson about humility and the sovereignty of God, as seen in the preceding verses where the king is warned of his impending fate. The narrative illustrates the consequences of pride and the importance of recognizing divine authority, echoing themes found throughout the book of Daniel.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Daniel 5:5 | At that moment the fingers of a human hand appeared and wrote on the plaster of the wall, near the lampstand in the royal palace. As the king watched the hand that was writing, |
| 2 | Job 20:5 | the triumph of the wicked has been brief and the joy of the godless momentary? |
| 3 | Isaiah 30:14 | It will break in pieces like a potter’s jar, shattered so that no fragment can be found. Not a shard will be found in the dust large enough to scoop the coals from a hearth or to skim the water from a cistern.” |
| 4 | 1 Thessalonians 5:2 | For you are fully aware that the Day of the Lord will come like a thief in the night. |
| 5 | Daniel 4:25–32 | You will be driven away from mankind, and your dwelling will be with the beasts of the field. You will feed on grass like an ox and be drenched with the dew of heaven, and seven times shall pass you by, until you acknowledge that the Most High rules over the kingdom of mankind and gives it to whom He wishes. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — סָ֣פַת, sa.fatgenerated
The verb סָ֣פַת (sa.fat) is a perfect form in the Qal stem, indicating that the action of fulfillment has been completed. It conveys the idea of something coming to pass or being accomplished, particularly in the context of divine judgment or prophecy.
This word is often used to describe the fulfillment of God's plans, highlighting the certainty and inevitability of the outcome. In this verse, it marks the moment when Nebuchadnezzar's fate is irrevocably sealed, emphasizing the weight of divine decree.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
The translations generally agree on the meaning of סָ֣פַת, with the BSB, KJV, ASV, YLT, WEB, and BBE all rendering it as fulfilled.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb סָ֣פַת (was fulfilled) governs the main clause of the verse, which describes the fulfillment of the sentence against Nebuchadnezzar. The structure includes additional clauses that detail the consequences of this fulfillment, such as his expulsion from mankind and his transformation into a beast-like state.
The sentence flows logically, with the main action stated first, followed by the consequences that unfold as a result of that action, illustrating the cause-and-effect relationship inherent in the narrative.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates סָ֣פַת as ἀποκατεστάθη, which means was restored or was established. This choice emphasizes the completion of the judgment and the restoration of order, aligning with the theme of divine sovereignty over human affairs.
This rendering suggests a broader interpretation of the fulfillment, focusing not only on the completion of the judgment but also on the restoration of Nebuchadnezzar's understanding of God's authority.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Daniel 4:33 describes how Nebuchadnezzar's judgment was fulfilled at that moment, leading to his expulsion from human society. He lived like a beast, eating grass and being drenched with dew until his hair grew long like eagle feathers and his nails like bird claws, illustrating the drastic change in his condition.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies that the judgment pronounced upon him was completely realized, leading to his transformation and expulsion from human society.
He was driven away as a punishment for his pride and failure to acknowledge God's sovereignty, as foretold in the previous verses.
This imagery illustrates his complete degradation and loss of human dignity, living in a manner akin to livestock.
It shows that divine judgment is not only a punishment but also a means of teaching humility and the recognition of God's authority.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What lessons can I learn from Nebuchadnezzar's experience about pride and humility?
- How can I recognize and acknowledge God's authority in my own life?
- In what ways do I see the fulfillment of God's plans in my life?
- How can I respond to divine discipline when I face challenges or consequences?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Theodoret of Cyrus comments on this verse, noting Nebuchadnezzar's neglect and the absence of divine care in his life.
By all this it suggested his condition of neglect and carelessness: bereft of divine providence, he was not even a recipient of care from his own—wife, children and family;Early Church Fathers on Daniel 4 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Daniel 4:33 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleThe same hour was the thing fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar,.... Whence it appears that this was a true history, and a matter of fact; and not a parable or allegory, as Origen thought, describing the
Read John Gill on Daniel 4 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryThe same hour was the thing fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar: and he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hairs were grown like eagles'
Read Robert Jamieson on Daniel 4 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleHe was driven from men; being bereft of his understanding, as a man distracted, he fled, and betook himself to the woods; or was thrust and driven out, either by popular tumults, or conspiracy of his nobles, or by his son Evil-merodach. Some think, when he raved, he was bound with chains, and after turned off loose into the woods among beasts. And his nails like birds claws, which might easily grow in seven years to a prodigious length and deformity.
Read Matthew Poole on Daniel 4 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsDaniel 4:33 The same hour was the thing fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar: and he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hairs were grown like eagles’ [feathers], and his nails like birds’ [claws].Ver. 33. The same hour was the thing fulfilled.] When least expected. The like befell the old world, Sodom, Pharaoh, Julian, &c. See 1 Thessalonians 5:2-3. As they say of the metal they make glass of, it is nearest melting when it shineth brightest; so are the wicked nearest destruction when at greatest lustre. And he was driven from men.] By his own courtiers and subjects. In him it well appeared that mortality was but the stage of…
Read John Trapp on Daniel 4 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(33) The thing fulfilled.—The malady of Nebuchadnezzar has frequently formed the subject of discussion, and it is now for the most part agreed that it was a form of mania known as lycanthropy. The peculiar features of it mentioned in this verse are partially connected with the life which the sufferer’s delusion forced him to lead. It appears, however, from the account in Daniel, that he retained his consciousness, as “he lifted up his eyes to heaven” (Daniel 4:34) before “his understanding” returned to him. Of this sickness nothing is recorded by Berosus, unless the vague statement “Nebuchadnezzar fell sick and died after a reign of forty-three years” be pressed. It is remarkable to observe…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Daniel 4 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges33. The same hour] Daniel 3:6. the thing] or, the word, i.e. the announcement of Dan 4:31-32. did eat … was wet] The tenses express what was habitual (cf. Daniel 4:12). till his hairs were grown, &c.] The delusion under which he was suffering leading him naturally to neglect his person.
Read Cambridge on Daniel 4 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleThe same hour was the thing fulfilled - On the word hour, see the note at Daniel 4:19. The use of the word here would seem to confirm the suggestion there made that it means a brief period of time.
Read Albert Barnes on Daniel 4 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible33. The king is here represented as driven away into the wilderness by this inward insane compulsion, and permitted to roam there unmolested (note Daniel 4:25) until he became as wild in appearance
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Daniel 4 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
At that moment the sentence against Nebuchadnezzar was fulfilled. He was driven away from mankind. He ate grass like an ox, and his body was drenched with the dew of heaven, until his hair grew like the feathers of an eagle and his nails like the claws of a bird.
This was fulfilled the same hour on Nebuchadnezzar. He was driven from men and ate grass like oxen; and his body was wet with the dew of the sky until his hair had grown like eagles’ feathers, and his nails like birds’ claws.
At that moment the sentence against Nebuchadnezzar was fulfilled. He was driven away from mankind. He ate grass like an ox, and his body was drenched with the dew of heaven, until his hair grew like the feathers of an eagle and his nails like the claws of a bird.
Now in that very moment this pronouncement about Nebuchadnezzar came true. He was driven from human society, he ate grass like oxen, and his body became damp with the dew of the sky, until his hair became long like an eagle’s feathers, and his nails like a bird’s claws.
Tyndale line
The same hour was the thing fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar: and he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hairs were grown like eagles’ feathers, and his nails like birds’ claws.
The same hour was the thing fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar: and he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hair was grown like eagles’ feathers, and his nails like birds’ claws.
The same hour was the thing fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar: and he was driven from men, and did eat grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hair was grown like eagles’ feathers, and his nails like birds’ claws.
The same hour was the thing fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar: and he was driven from men, and ate grass as oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hairs were grown like eagles' feathers , and his nails like birds' claws .
At the same time was mine vnderstanding restored vnto me, and I returned to the honour of my kingdome: my glory and my beautie was restored vnto me, and my counsellours and my princes sought vnto me, and I was established in my kingdome, and my glory was augmented toward me.
Strictly literal
The same hour was the word fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar; and he was driven from men, and ate grass as oxen; and his body was bathed with the dew of heaven, till his hair grew like eagles' [feathers], and his nails like birds' [claws].
'In that hour the thing hath been fulfilled on Nebuchadnezzar, and from men he is driven, and the herb as oxen he eateth, and by the dew of the heavens his body is wet, till that his hair as eagles' hath become great, and his nails as birds.'
In that hour the thing has been fulfilled on Nebuchadnezzar, and from men he is driven, and he eats the herb as oxen, and his body is wet by the dew of the heavens, until his hair has become great as eagles, and his nails as birds.
(4:30) At the same hour the word was fulfilled upon Nebuchadnezzar; and from men was he driven away, and herbs like oxen had he to eat, and with the dew of heaven was his body made wet: till his hair was grown like eagles' [feathers], and his nails were like birds' [claws].—
This decree against Nebuchadnezzar was carried out immediately. He was driven away from people. He ate grass like an ox, and his body was wet with the dew from the heavens. His hair grew as long as eagles' feathers, and his nails became like birds' claws.
From the Latin
At the same time my sense returned to me, and I came to the honour and glory of my kingdom: and my shape returned to me: and my nobles, and my magistrates sought for me, and I was restored to my kingdom: and greater majesty was added to me.
Simplified
Immediately the decree was fulfilled, and Nebuchadnezzar was driven away from human society. He ate grass like the cattle, and his body was soaked with the dew of heaven. His hair grew matted like a vulture, and his nails like bird claws.)
That very hour the order about Nebuchadnezzar was put into effect: and he was sent out from among men, and had grass for his food like the oxen, and his body was wet with the dew of heaven, till his hair became long as eagles' feathers and his nails like those of birds.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text presents the verse as it stands, while the Septuagint matches 15 of the 23 words in a word-by-word correspondence. This indicates a close relationship between the two texts, though the Septuagint's word order and articles reflect its own unique structure.
בַּהּ־ שַׁעֲתָ֗א מִלְּתָא֮ סָ֣פַת עַל־ נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר֒ וּמִן־ אֲנָשָׁ֣א טְרִ֔יד וְעִשְׂבָּ֤א כְתוֹרִין֙ יֵאכֻ֔ל וּמִטַּ֥ל שְׁמַיָּ֖א גִּשְׁמֵ֣הּ יִצְטַבַּ֑ע עַ֣ד דִּ֥י שַׂעְרֵ֛הּ כְּנִשְׁרִ֥ין רְבָ֖ה וְטִפְר֥וֹהִי כְצִפְּרִֽין׃
15 of the 23 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Daniel 4:33
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
הָ (ha) — her.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person feminine singular
AR/Sp3fs — Preposition · suffixAR/Sp3fs
שָׁעָה (sha`ah) refers to a brief time or moment. It is derived from a root related to another Hebrew word and is noted in both the Brown-Driver-Briggs and Strong's Hebrew Dictionary. The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as a short duration.
שָׁעָה n.f. brief time, moment
base
H8160 שָׁעָה
8160 sha`ah shaw-aw'
(Aramaic) from a root corresponding to 8159; properly, a
look, i.e. a moment:--hour.
see HEBREW for 08159
שָׁעָה (sha.ah) — moment.
brief time, moment
ANcfsd/Ta — Noun common feminine singular determined · particleANcfsd/Ta
mo'-ment (regha`, "a wink"; atomos, "an atom," stigme, "a point," parautika, immediately," "forthwith"): "Moment" is not used in Scripture for a division of time, but for an instant of time, as the wink or twinkling of the eye (Ex 33:5; Nu 16:21,45; La 4:6; 1Co 15:52), or for a short period of time (Job 20:5; Ps 30:5; Isa 26:20; 2Co 4:17). The division of the hour into sixty minutes was certainly known in Babylonia, and the Jews were made acquainted with it, at…
מִלָּה (millah) refers to a 'word' or 'thing' in Hebrew, encompassing meanings such as command, discourse, or subject. It is derived from an Aramaic root and is used to denote utterances or matters of importance. The entries consistently highlight its application in various contexts, including commands and affairs.
מִלָּה n.f. word, thing
base
H4406 מִלָּה
4406 millah mil-law'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4405; a word, command, discourse,
or subject:--commandment, matter, thing. word.
see HEBREW for 04405
מִלָּה (mil.lah) — word.
1) word, thing
1a) word, utterance, command
1b) thing, affair, matter
ANcfsd/Ta — Noun common feminine singular determined · particleANcfsd/Ta
Word, The
(Gr. Logos), one of the titles of our Lord, found only in the writings of John (John 1:1-14; 1 John 1:1; Rev. 19:13). As such, Christ is the revealer of God. His office is to make God known. “No man hath seen God at any time; the only begotten Son, which is in the bosom of the Father, he hath declared him” (John 1:18). This title designates the divine nature of Christ. As the Word, he “was in the beginning” and “became flesh.” “The Word was with God ” and “was God,” and was the Creator of all things (comp. Ps.33: 6; 107:20; 119:89; 147:18; Isa. 40:8).
סוּף (suph) means to come to an end or be fulfilled. It covers the concepts of completion and cessation, with uses in different verbal forms indicating fulfillment or bringing something to an end. The entries suggest a focus on the idea of completion, but do not specify any particular Old Testament references.
[סוּף] vb. be fulfilled (prop. ended)
Pe.
Haph. put an end to
base
H5487 סוּף
5487 cuwph soof
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5486; to come to an end:--
consume, fulfill.
see HEBREW for 05486
סוּף (suph) — be fulfilled.
1) to be fulfilled, be completed, come to an end
1a) (P'al) to be fulfilled, be completed
1b) (Aphel) to put an end to
AVqp3fs — Verb · Qal · perfect third person feminine singularAVqp3fs
The ordinary meaning of this word is sufficiently obvious. It will ultimately be recorded over against all the predictions and promises of Jehovah, every one having been fully accomplished at the proper time and place, Jos 23:14; Mt 2:17; 8:17; 12:17. There are in the New Testament many instances of such an accomplishment, where the purposes of men were very different, and those who figured in the transaction did not dream of any thing but some evil project of their own. Thus in Joh 19:24,28,36, the actual agents in Christ’s crucifixion had no thought that they were fulfilling the purposes of God. Sometimes also the phrase, "that it might be fulfilled," signifies that the occurrence to which it is applied is a secondary…
FULFILL'ED, participle passive Accomplished; performed; completed; executed.
עַל (al) is a preposition meaning 'upon,' 'over,' or 'against.' It covers a range of uses, including direction, comparison, and causation. The entries indicate it can express relationships concerning location, purpose, or authority. There is a note that it corresponds to the Aramaic term related to another Hebrew word, עַל (H5921), but no significant disagreement among lexicons is noted.
עַל prep. upon, over, on account of, above, to, against
base
H5922 עַל
5922 `al al
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5921:--about, against,
concerning, for, (there-)fore, from, in, X more, of, (there-,
up-)on, (in-)to, + why with.
see HEBREW for 05921
עַל (al) — since.
1) upon, over, on account of, above, to, against
1a) upon, over, on account of, regarding, concerning, on behalf of
1b) over (with verbs of ruling)
1c) above, beyond (in comparison)
1d) to, against (of direction)
Adj | Suff — PrepositionAR
On
Light; the sun, (Gen. 41:45, 50), the great seat of sun-worship, called also Bethshemesh (Jer. 43:13) and Aven (Ezek. 30:17), stood on the east bank of the Nile, a few miles north of Memphis, and near Cairo, in the north-east. The Vulgate and the LXX. Versions have “Heliopolis” (“city of the sun”) instead of On in Genesis and of Aven in Ezekiel. The “city of destruction” Isaiah speaks of (19:18, marg. “of Heres;” Heb. ‘Ir-ha-heres, which some MSS. read Ir-ha-heres, i.e., “city of the sun”) may be the name given to On, the prophecy being that the time will come when that city which was known as the “city of the sun-god” shall become the “city of destruction” of the sun-god, i.e., when idolatry shall cease, and the worship…
(abode or city of the sun), a town of lower Egypt, called BETH-SHEMESH in (Jeremiah 43:13) On is better known under its Greek name Heliopolis. It was situated on the east side of the Pelusiac branch of the Nile, just below the point of the Delta, and about twenty miles northeast of Memphis. The chief object of worship at Heliopolis was the sun, whose temple, described by Strabo, is now only represented by the single beautiful obelisk, of red granite so feet 2 inches high above the pedestal which has stood for more than 4000 years, having been erected by Usirtesen, the second king of the twelfth dynasty. Heliopolis was anciently famous for its learning, and Eudoxus and Plato studied under its priests. The first mention of this place in the Bible is in the history of Joseph, to whom we read Pharaoh gave "to wife Asenath the daughter…
See HELIOPOLIS.
pain; force; iniquity
נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר (Nbuwkadnetstsar) refers to Nebuchadnezzar, the king of Babylon known for capturing Jerusalem and exiling the people of Judah. The name is of Aramaic origin and translates to "may Nebo protect the crown." He is first mentioned in 2 Kings 24:1 and is noted as the father of Belshazzar.
נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר 31 n.pr.m.
base
H5020 נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר
5020 Nbuwkadnetstsar neb-oo-kad-nets-tsar'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5019:--Nebuchadnezzar.
see HEBREW for 05019
נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר, נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר (ne.vu.khad.nets.tsar) — Nebuchadnezzar.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.24.1;
father of: Belshazzar (H1112)
Aramaic of ne.vu.khad.nets.tsar (נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּר, נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּר "Nebuchadnezzar" H5019)
§ Nebuchadnezzar = "may Nebo protect the crown"
the great king of Babylon who captured Jerusalem and carried Judah captive
ANpm — Noun proper masculineANpm
Nebuchadnezzar
In the Babylonian orthography Nabu-kudur-uzur, which means “Nebo, protect the crown!” or the “frontiers.” In an inscription he styles himself “Nebo’s favourite.” He was the son and successor of Nabopolassar, who delivered Babylon from its dependence on Assyria and laid Nineveh in ruins. He was the greatest and most powerful of all the Babylonian kings. He married the daughter of Cyaxares, and thus the Median and Babylonian dynasties were united.
Necho II., the king of Egypt, gained a victory over the Assyrians at Carchemish. (See JOSIAH; MEGIDDO.) This secured to Egypt the possession of the Syrian provinces of Assyria, including Palestine. The remaining provinces of the Assyrian empire were divided between Babylonia and Media. But Nabopolassar was ambitious of reconquering from Necho the western provinces of Syria, and for this purpose he sent his son with a…
Called in Jeremiah Nebuchadnezzar, the son and successor of Nabopolassar, succeeded to the kingdom of Chaldea about 600 B. C. He had been some time before associated in the kingdom, and sent to recover Carchemish, which had been wrested from the empire by Necho king of Egypt. Having been successful, he marched against the governor of Phoenicia, and Jehoiakim king of Judah, tributary of Necho king of Egypt. He took Jehoiakim, and put him in chains to carry him captive to Babylon; but afterwards he left him in Judea, on condition of his paying a large annual tribute. He took away several persons from Jerusalem; among others, Daniel, Hananiah, Mishael, and Azariah, all of the royal family, whom the king of Babylon caused to be carefully educated in the language and learning of the Chaldeans, that they might be employed at court, 2Ki…
Nebuchadrezzar, tears and groans of judgment
→ Also called NEBUCHADREZZAR
→ King of Babylon Jer 21:2
→ Empire of
→ See BABYLON
→ His administration Da 1; 2; 3; 4
→ Conquests
Of Jerusalem 2Ki 24; 25; 1Ch 6:15; 2Ch 36:5-21; Ezr 1:7; Jer 39
מִן (min) is a preposition meaning 'from' or 'out of,' and it covers a range of uses including source, reason, and comparison. It can indicate physical origin, temporal aspects, or causation. The entries agree on its various applications, with no significant disagreement noted.
מִן prep. from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more then
base
H4481 מִן
4481 min min
(Aramaic) corresponding to 4480:--according, after, +
because, + before, by, for, from, X him, X more than, (out)
of, part, since, X these, to, upon, + when.
see HEBREW for 04480
מִן־ (min) — from.
1) from, out of, by, by reason of, at, more than
1a) from, out of (of place)
1b) from, by, as a result of, by reason of, at, according to, (of source)
1c) from (of time)
1d) beyond, more than (in comparisons)
AC/R — Conjunction · prepositionAC/R
אֱנָשׁ (enash) refers to a man or human being, and can also denote mankind collectively. It is related to the Aramaic term for human, אֱנוֹשׁ (enosh). The entries consistently emphasize its meaning as a representation of humanity.
אֱנָשׁ n.m. man, mankind
base
H606 אֱנָשׁ
606 'enash en-awsh'
(Aramaic) or renash (Aramaic) {en-ash'}; corresponding to
582; a man:--man, + whosoever.
see HEBREW for 0582
אֱנָשׁ (e.nash) — man.
1) man, human being
2) mankind (collective)
Aramaic of e.nosh (אֱנוֹשׁ "human" H0582)
ANcbsd/Ta — Noun common both singular determined · particleANcbsd/Ta
טְרַד (trad) is an Aramaic verb meaning to chase away or drive away. It is derived from a related Hebrew root, טָרַד (ta.rad), which also conveys the idea of pursuing. The term is noted in the context of expulsion or driving from a place.
[טְרַד] vb. chase away
Pe.
Pe‛îl
base
H2957 טְרַד
2957 trad ter-ad'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 2956; to expel:--drive.
see HEBREW for 02956
טְרַד (te.rad) — to chase away.
(P'al) to drive away, drive from, chase away
Aramaic of ta.rad (טָרַד "to pursue" H2956)
AVQp3ms — Verb plural · third person masculine singularAVQp3ms
עָשׁ (ash) refers to a moth, while עֲשַׂב (a.sav) denotes herbage or grass. The word is built from the root associated with vegetation. There is a connection to Aramaic, indicating a broader range of meaning related to plant life.
עָשׁ moth
base
עֲשַׂב n.[m.] herbage, grass
base
H6211a עָשׁ moth H6211b עֲשַׂב herbage, grass
6211 `ash awsh
from 6244; a moth:--moth. See also 5906.
see HEBREW for 06244
see HEBREW for 05906
עָשׁ (ash) — moth.
moth
עֲשַׂב (a.sav) — grass.
herbage, grass
Aramaic of e.sev (עֵ֫שֶׂב "vegetation" H6212)
AC/Ncbsd/Ta — Conjunction · noun common both singular determined · particleAC/Ncbsd/Ta
gras:
(1) chatsir, from a root meaning "greenness"; compare Arabic Khudra, which includes grasses and green vegetables (1Ki 18:5; 2Ki 19:26; Job 40:15; Ps 104:14, etc.). Isa 15:6 is translated in the King James Version "have," the Revised Version (British and American) "grass"; Pr 27:25, English Versions of the Bible "hay," margin "Hebrew grass"; Nu 11:5 English Versions of the Bible translates "leeks." It is a term for herbage in general.
Grass
(1.) Heb. hatsir, ripe grass fit for mowing (1 Kings 18:5; Job 40:15; Ps. 104:14). As the herbage rapidly fades under the scorching sun, it is used as an image of the brevity of human life (Isa. 40:6, 7; Ps. 90:5). In Num. 11:5 this word is rendered “leeks.”
(2.) Heb. deshe’, green grass (Gen. 1:11, 12; Isa. 66:14; Deut. 32:2). “The sickly and forced blades of grass which spring up on the flat…
Sometimes means any green herbage, Isa 15:6, and sometimes the usual food of cattle, Ps 104:14. The quick growth of grass, its tenderness, and its rapid combustion when dry, have furnished the sacred writers with some of their most appropriate illustrations, Ps 90:5,6 92:7 103:15,16 Isa 40:6-8 51:12 Jas 1:10 1Pe 1:24. All sorts of grass and small shrubs are still used in Syria for fuel, on account of the scarcity of wood, Mt 6:28-30. Travelers in that country often see grass growing on the housetops, the roofs…
תּוֹר (tor) refers to a bullock or young bull, often associated with sacrificial contexts. It is linked to the Aramaic word for cattle, שׁוֹר (shor), and corresponds to another Hebrew term, שׁוֹר (H7794). The entries consistently emphasize its meaning related to cattle.
[תּוֹר] n.m. bullock
base
H8450 תּוֹר
8450 towr tore
(Aramaic) corresponding (by permutation) to 7794; a
bull:--bullock, ox.
see HEBREW for 07794
תּוֹר (tor) — bullock.
bull, young bull, ox (for sacrifice)
Aramaic of shor (שׁוֹר "cattle" H7794)
AR/Ncmpa — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteAR/Ncmpa
אֲכַל (akal) means to eat or devour, primarily used in the context of animals consuming food. It can also imply slander in a figurative sense, as in 'eating their pieces.' The word is closely related to the Aramaic term corresponding to it, indicating a shared semantic field.
[אֲכַל] vb. eat, devour
base
H399 אֲכַל eat, devour
399 'akal ak-al'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 398:--+ accuse, devour, eat.
see HEBREW for 0398
אֲכַל (a.khal) — to devour.
1) to eat, devour
1a) (P'al)
1a1) to eat (of beasts)
1a2) to devour
1a3) eat their pieces (in a phrase, that is, slander them)
AVqi3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singularAVqi3ms
טַל (tal) means 'dew' in Hebrew and is also noted as an Aramaic term. It is directly related to the word for dew found in H2919. The entries consistently identify this word with the concept of dew without any significant disagreement.
H2920 טַל
2920 tal tal
(Aramaic) the same as 2919:--dew.
see HEBREW for 02919
טַל (tal) — dew.
dew
Aramaic of tal (טַל "dew" H2919)
AC/R/Ncbsc — Conjunction · preposition · noun common both singular constructAC/R/Ncbsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
שָׁמַ֫יִן (shamayin) refers to 'heaven' or 'heavens' in Hebrew, encompassing both the visible sky and the spiritual abode of God. It is a plural noun and is related to the Aramaic term corresponding to the concept of heaven. The entries consistently highlight its meanings without significant disagreement.
[שָׁמַ֫יִן] n.m.pl. heavens
base
H8065 שָׁמַ֫יִן
8065 shamayin shaw-mah'-yin
(Aramaic) corresponding to 8064:--heaven.
see HEBREW for 08064
שָׁמַ֫יִן (sha.ma.yin) — heaven.
1) heaven, heavens, sky
1a) visible sky
1b) Heaven (as abode of God)
ANcmpd/Ta — Noun common masculine plural determined · particleANcmpd/Ta
hev'-'nz (shamayim; ouranoi): On the physical heavens see ASTRONOMY; WORLD. Above these, in popular conception, were the celestial heavens, the abode of God and of the hosts of angels (Ps 11:4; 103:19-21; Isa 66:1; Re 4:2; 5:11; compare Da 7:10), though it was recognized that Yahweh's presence was not confined to any region (1Ki 8:27). Later Judaism reckoned seven heavens. The apostle Paul speaks of himself as caught up into "the third heaven," which he evidently identifies with Paradise (2Co 12:2).
See HEAVENLY.
גְּשֵׁם (geshem) primarily means 'body' in Hebrew. The entries suggest it may relate to the concept of a hard rain, though this is not elaborated upon. The term appears to have a peculiar sense in Aramaic, linking it to a similar word. No significant disagreements among the lexicons are noted.
[גְּשֵׁם] n.m. body
base
H1655 גְּשֵׁם, גֶּשֶׁם
1655 geshem gheh'-shem
(Aramaic) apparently the same as 1653; used in a peculiar
sense, the body (probably for the (figuratively) idea of a
hard rain):--body.
see HEBREW for 01653
גְּשֵׁם (ge.shem) — body.
body
ANcbsc/Sp3ms — Noun common both singular construct · suffixANcbsc/Sp3ms
צְבַע (tsba`) is a Hebrew verb meaning to dip or wet something. It appears in various forms, indicating actions like drenching or being wet. The entries suggest it has a straightforward application in contexts related to moisture.
[צְבַע] vb. dip, wet
Pa. wet thee
Hithpa. be wet
base
H6647 צְבַע
6647 tsba` tseb-ah'
(Aramaic) a root corresponding to that of 6648; to
dip:--wet.
see HEBREW for 06648
צְבַע (tse.va) — to drench.
1) to dip, wet (something)
1a) (Pael) to wet
1b) (Ithpael) to be wet
AVMi3ms — Verb third · person masculine singularAVMi3ms
עַד (ad) is a Hebrew word primarily functioning as a preposition and conjunction. It conveys meanings related to time and extent, such as 'until,' 'up to,' and 'even to.' The entries indicate its use in various contexts, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its definitions.
עַד 36 prep. and conj. even to, until
base
H5705 עַד
5705 `ad ad
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5704; X and, at, for, (hither-)to,
on till, (un-)to, until, within.
see HEBREW for 05704
עַד (ad) — till.
prep
1) even to, until, up to, during
conj
2) until, up to the time that, ere that
AR — PrepositionAR
דִּי (diy) is an Aramaic word meaning 'that,' functioning as a relative conjunction and a preposition in various contexts. It can indicate relationships such as 'who,' 'which,' or 'because,' and is used in adverbial phrases. The entries highlight its role in connecting clauses and marking possession.
דִּי part. of relation, who, which, that, used also as mark of gen. and conj. that, because
base
H1768 דִּי
1768 diy dee
(Aramaic) apparently for 1668; that, used as relative
conjunction, and especially (with a preposition) in adverbial
phrases; also as preposition of:--X as, but, for(-asmuch +), +
now, of, seeing, than, that, therefore, until, + what
(-soever), when, which, whom, whose.
see HEBREW for 01668
דִּי (di) — that.
part of relation
1) who, which, that
mark of genitive
2) that of, which belongs to, that
conj
3) that, because
AC — ConjunctionAC
שְׂעַר (se'ar) means 'hair,' specifically referring to the hair on the head. It is noted in both Hebrew and Aramaic contexts, with a connection to the similar word שֵׁעָר (se'ar) in Strong's H8181. The entries consistently define it as hair without significant disagreement.
שְׂעַר n.m. hair, of head
base
H8177 שְׂעַר
8177 s`ar seh-ar'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 8181; hair:--hair.
see HEBREW for 08181
שְׂעַר (se.ar) — hair.
hair (of head)
Aramaic of se.ar (שֵׂעָר "hair" H8181)
ANcbsc/Sp3ms — Noun common both singular construct · suffixANcbsc/Sp3ms
נְשַׁר (nashar) refers to an eagle, specifically a griffon-vulture, in Aramaic. The word is related to נֶשֶׁר (nesher, H5404), which also means eagle. The entries consistently identify this term as a type of bird without significant disagreement.
נְשַׁר n.m. griffon-vulture or eagle
base
H5403 נְשַׁר
5403 nshar nesh-ar'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 5404; an eagle:--eagle.
see HEBREW for 05404
נְשַׁר (ne.shar) — eagle.
eagle, vulture, griffon-vulture
Aramaic of ne.sher (נֶשֶׁר "eagle" H5404)
AR/Ncmpa — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteAR/Ncmpa
רְבָה (rbah) means to grow great or to increase. It can refer to growing tall or large in the P'al form, while the Pael form indicates making something great. The word is linked to the Aramaic root corresponding to another Hebrew word, רָב (rav), which also conveys the idea of greatness.
רְבָה vb. grow great
Pe. grow tall and large
Pa. make great
base
H7236 רְבָה
7236 rbah reb-aw'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 7235:--make a great man, grow.
see HEBREW for 07235
רְבָה (re.vah) — to grow great.
1) to grow great
1a) (P'al) to grow long, grow tall and large, grow great, increase
1b) (Pael) to make great
AVqp3ms — Verb · Qal · perfect third person masculine singularAVqp3ms
טְפַר (tphar) refers to a nail or claw, including fingernails. It is derived from a root related to other words for similar meanings. The term appears in Aramaic and has connections to the Hebrew word for fingernail, צִפֹּ֫רֶן (tsiporen).
[טְפַר] n.m. nail, claw
base
H2953 טְפַר
2953 tphar tef-ar'
(Aramaic) from a root corresponding to 6852, and meaning the
same as 6856; a finger-nail; also a hoof or claw:--nail.
see HEBREW for 06852
see HEBREW for 06856
טְפַר (te.phar) — nail/claw.
fingernail, nail, claw
Aramaic of tsip.po.ren (צִפֹּ֫רֶן "fingernail" H6856)
AC/Ncmpc/Sp3ms — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixAC/Ncmpc/Sp3ms
צְפַר (tsphar) is an Aramaic word meaning 'bird.' It corresponds to the Hebrew word צִפּוֹר (tsippor, H6833), which also means 'bird.' The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to a bird.
[צְפַר] n.f. bird
base
H6853 צְפַר
6853 tsphar tsef-ar'
(Aramaic) corresponding to 6833; a bird. -- bird.
see HEBREW for 06833
צְפַר (tse.phar) — bird.
bird
Aramaic of tsip.por (צִפּוֹר "bird" H6833)
AR/Ncmpa — Preposition · noun common masculine plural absoluteAR/Ncmpa
burds (`ayiT; Greek variously ta peteina (Mt 13:4) ta ornea tou ouranou (Re 19:17) ornis (Mt 23:37; Lu 13:34) Latin, avis; Old English "brid"):
I. Meaning of the Word.
All authorities agree that the exact origin of the word bird, as we apply it to feathered creatures, is unknown.
1. In Early Hebrew:
The Hebrew `ayiT means to "tear and scratch the face," and in its original form undoubtedly applied to birds of prey. It is probable that no spot of equal size on the face of the globe ever collected such numbers of vultures, eagles and hawks as ancient Palestine. The land was so luxuriant that flocks and herds fed from the face of Nature. In cities, villages, and among…
[SPARROW]
Birds, like other animals, were divided by Moses into clean and unclean; the former might be eaten, the latter not. The general ground of distinction is, that those which feed on grain or seeds are clean; while those which devour flesh, fish, or carrion, are unclean. Turtledoves, young pigeons, and perhaps some other kinds of birds, were prescribed in the Mosaic law as offerings, Le 5:7-10 14:4-7 Lu 2:24.
There is great difficulty in accurately determining the different species of birds prohibited in Le 11:13-19 De 14:11-20, and the proper version of the Hebrew names. The information we have respecting them may be found under the names by which they are translated in our…
→ Creation of, on the fifth creative day Ge 1:20-30
→ Man's dominion over Ge 1:26,28; 9:2,3; Ps 8:5-8; Jer 27:6; Da 2:38; Jas 3:7
→ Appointed for food Ge 9:2,3; De 14:11-20
→ What species were unclean Le 11:13-20; De 14:12-19
→ Used for sacifice
See DOVE
→ See PIGEON