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Amos 4:3 — Word Study

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WLCוּפְרָצִ֥ים תֵּצֶ֖אנָה אִשָּׁ֣ה נֶגְדָּ֑הּ וְהִשְׁלַכְתֶּ֥נָה הַהַרְמ֖וֹנָה נְאֻם־ יְהוָֽה׃

BSAYou will go outyâtsâʼ [at the breaches] [through] broken [walls]perets each oneʼishshâh straight ahead of herneged [one over against the other, in a straight line] and you will be cast outshâlak [thrown, tossed away] toward Harmonharmôwn [in the direction of, a high fortress, a palace] declaresnᵉʼum [says, utters] the LORDYᵉhôvâh [Yehovah, the supreme God]

Word
Listen & take awayAmos 4
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 3 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Yah.weh) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Amos 4:3quick helps
In a sentenceThe LORD declares that the people will exit through breaches in the walls, each moving straight ahead, and will be cast out toward Harmon.
Who is speakingThe speaker is the LORD, who is delivering a message of judgment.
Where we areThis verse is part of a warning to Israel about impending judgment and exile.
The hard wordפֶּרֶץ
Take awayThe people will face judgment and be expelled from their land.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbיָצָא The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 8 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Amos 4:3

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Judgment of Israelgenerated

2The Lord GOD has sworn by His holiness: “Behold, the days are coming when you will be taken away with hooks, and your posterity with fishhooks.
3You will go out through broken walls, each one straight ahead of her, and you will be cast out toward Harmon, ” declares the LORD.
4“Go to Bethel and transgress; rebel even more at Gilgal! Bring your sacrifices every morning, your tithes every three days.
5Offer leavened bread as a thank offering, and loudly proclaim your freewill offerings. For that is what you children of Israel love to do,” declares the Lord GOD.

Amos 4:3 is part of a passage where the LORD warns Israel of the consequences of their sins. The imagery of going out through broken walls suggests a forced exit due to judgment, emphasizing the severity of their situation. This warning is framed within a broader context of divine judgment and calls for repentance, as seen in the preceding and following verses.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
12 Kings 25:4Then the city was breached; and though the Chaldeans had surrounded the city, all the men of war fled by night by way of the gate between the two walls near the king’s garden. They headed toward the Arabah,
2Ezekiel 12:5–12As they watch, dig through the wall and carry your belongings out through it.
32 Kings 7:7–8Thus the Arameans had arisen and fled at twilight, abandoning their tents and horses and donkeys. The camp was intact, and they had run for their lives.
4Isaiah 2:20In that day men will cast away to the moles and bats their idols of silver and gold— the idols they made to worship.
5Isaiah 31:7For on that day, every one of you will reject the idols of silver and gold that your own hands have sinfully made.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word פֶּרֶץ, u.fe.ra.Tzimgenerated

The word פֶּרֶץ (peretz) refers to breaches or gaps, often associated with destruction or divine wrath. It can imply both a literal break in a wall and a metaphorical break in the covenant relationship between God and His people.

This noun is in the masculine plural form, indicating multiple breaches, which enhances the imagery of widespread destruction. The root of this word relates to breaking, reinforcing the idea of rupture and loss.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb of the verse is תֵּצֶ֖אנָה, you will go out, which governs the actions described in the clauses that follow. The structure emphasizes the sequential actions of exiting and being thrown out.

The first clause describes the act of going out through breaches, while the second clause details the direction in which the people will be cast. The order of the phrases highlights the urgency and inevitability of the judgment.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates פֶּרֶץ as λοιμοί, meaning plagues, which shifts the focus from physical breaches to a broader sense of affliction and suffering.

This choice indicates a possible interpretation of the breaches as not only structural but also as manifestations of divine punishment, aligning with the overall theme of judgment in the text.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Amos 4:3 warns that the people of Israel will be forced out through breaches in their walls and cast out toward Harmon. This reflects the judgment of God due to their unfaithfulness, emphasizing the consequences of their actions.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to go out through broken walls?

Going out through broken walls symbolizes being forced from one's home or place of safety due to judgment, indicating vulnerability and loss.

What is the significance of Harmon in this verse?

Harmon is described as a high fortress or palace, suggesting a place of strength that will be the direction of their expulsion, highlighting the irony of losing their stronghold.

Why does God use such vivid imagery in His warnings?

Vivid imagery emphasizes the seriousness of the situation and the consequences of sin, aiming to provoke a response of repentance from the people.

How does this verse relate to the overall message of Amos?

This verse encapsulates the theme of judgment in Amos, where God warns Israel of the repercussions of their unfaithfulness and calls them to return to Him.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What are some ways I can recognize the 'breaches' in my own life that need healing?
  2. How does understanding the consequences of sin motivate me to seek a closer relationship with God?
  3. In what ways can I support others who may be facing their own 'broken walls'?
  4. How can I apply the lessons from Amos to my community today?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

The early commentaries on this verse often discuss its implications for understanding God's judgment and the fate of Israel.

Richard Challoner 1691–1781
Armon: A foreign country; some understand it of Armenia.
Early Church Fathers on Amos 4 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Amos 4:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And ye shall go out at the breaches,.... Not at the gates of the city, as they had used to do at pleasure; but at the breaches of the walls of it, made by the enemy, in order to make their escape, if

Read John Gill on Amos 4 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And ye shall go out at the breaches, every cow at that which is before her; and ye shall cast them into the palace, saith the LORD. And ye shall go out at the breaches - namely, of the city walls broken through by the enemy.

Read Robert Jamieson on Amos 4 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

And ye, kine of Bashan, oppressors distressed by the just hand of God, and by the violent hand of your enemy, shall go out, endeavour to make your escape by flight, at the breaches, which the besieging enemy made in your walls, when Samaria is besieged. Every cow at that which is before her: it shall be a universal flight, and with great consternation, they not able to forecast where the safest, but taking which way is readiest. Ye shall cast them into the palace; either cast away all the riches and ornaments of your palaces, or the prey and bribes you had laid up there, or ye shall abandon the palaces ye dwelt in.

Read Matthew Poole on Amos 4 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Amos 4:3 And ye shall go out at the breaches, every [cow at that which is] before her; and ye shall cast [them] into the palace, saith the LORD.Ver. 3. And ye shall go out at the breaches, every cow] Qua data porta ruitis, ye shall be glad to get out at any breach to save your lives, which now hang in suspense, Deuteronomy 28:66, yea, to ride one upon the back of another for haste, as kine do, in a narrow strait. Or, ye shall be led into captivity, after the taking and dismantling of your cities; see Ezekiel 12:5; Ezekiel 12:12. And ye shall cast them into the palace] Or, ye shall cast away the things of the palace. Ye shall cast them, that is, your children and nephews, into the palace…

Read John Trapp on Amos 4 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(3) Every cow . . .—Render each one (ref. to the women, Amos 4:1) straight before her. The enemy shall have broken down the city’s defences, and the women shall tamely go forth through the breaches into captivity. The next clause is very obscure. It is best to take the verb as passive, Ye shall be thrown out. The word that follows is rendered “the palace” by the E.V. with Kimchi and other authorities, under the assumption that the Heb. harmôn is another form of the word elsewhere used in Amos armôn. But this is mere guess-work, and yields no good sense. It would be better to adopt a slight emendation of our text, and treat the obscure word as a proper name (LXX., Targ., Syr., Vulg.). Many…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Amos 4 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 3. And ye shall go out at the breaches] Probably the metaphor is here kept up. They shall be caught by the hooks, or by the nets; and though they may make breaches in the latter by their flouncing when caught, they shall be taken out at these very breaches; and cast, not in the palace, but into a reservoir, to be kept awhile, and afterwards be taken out to be destroyed. Samaria itself is the net; your adversaries shall besiege it, and make breaches in its walls. At those breaches ye shall endeavour to make your escape, but ye shall be caught and led into captivity, where most of you shall be destroyed. See Houbigant on this passage.

Read AdamClarke on Amos 4 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

3. shall go out at the breaches] Amos pictures Samaria as captured, and the self-indulgent ladies forced to leave the city, as captives, through the breaches made in the walls by the foe. every cow at that which is before her] every one straight before her, forced to go on in the train of captives, unable to turn aside or go back to save anything which she has left behind her,—perhaps (if the fig. of Amos 4:1 be still in the prophet’s mind) “as a herd of cows go one after another through a gap in a fence.” For the Hebrew idiom employed, see Joshua 6:5; Joshua 6:20. and ye shall cast them into the palace] The words are very obscure; and indeed, in all probability, corrupt. The slightest…

Read Cambridge on Amos 4 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Ye shall go out through the breaches - Samaria, the place of their ease and confidence, being broken through, they should go forth one by one, “each straight before her,” looking neither to the right

Read Albert Barnes on Amos 4 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

You will go out through broken walls, each one straight ahead of her, and you will be cast out toward Harmon, ” declares the LORD.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

You will go out at the breaks in the wall, everyone straight before her; and you will cast yourselves into Harmon,” says Yahweh.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

You will go out through broken walls, each one straight ahead of her, and you will be cast out toward Harmon,” declares the LORD.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Each of you will go straight through the gaps in the walls; you will be thrown out toward Harmon.” The Lord is speaking!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And ye shall go out at the breaches, every cow at that which is before her; and ye shall cast them into the palace, saith the LORD.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

And ye shall go out at the breaches, every one straight before her; and ye shall cast yourselves into Harmon, saith Jehovah.

RVARevised Version, American1894

And ye shall go out at the breaches, every one straight before her; and ye shall cast yourselves into Harmon, saith the LORD.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And ye shall go out at the breaches, every cow at that which is before her; and ye shall cast them into the palace, saith the LORD.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And ye shall goe out at the breaches euery kow forward: and ye shall cast your selues out of the palace, saith the Lord.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

and ye shall go out by the breaches, every one straight before her, and ye shall be cast out to Harmon, saith Jehovah.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

And [by] breaches ye go forth, A woman [at that] over-against her, And ye have cast down the high place, An affirmation of Jehovah.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

And [by] breaches you go forth, || A woman before her, || And you have cast down the high place,” || A declaration of YHWH.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And through breaches in the wall shall ye go out, every one through that before her: and ye shall cast off your proud greatness, saith the Lord.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

You will go out through the breaks in the city wall, each one of you going straight through it, and you will be thrown out toward Harmon —this is Yahweh's declaration.”

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And you shall go out at the breaches one over against the other, and you shall be cast forth into Armon, saith the Lord.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

You will leave through breaches in the city walls, thrown out in the direction of Mount Hermon.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And you will go out through the broken places, every one going straight before her, and you will be sent into Harmon, says the Lord.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וּandclauseadverbialפְרָצִ֥יםbreachesverbתֵּצֶ֖אנָהyou.will.go.outadverbialאִשָּׁ֣הeachprepositional phrase · prepositionalנֶגְדָּ֑beforeהּherselfוְandclauseverbהִשְׁלַכְתֶּ֥נָהyou.will.thrownoun phrase · prepositionalהַtonoun phraseהַרְמ֖וֹנָ(the)הHarmonclausenoun phrase · predicateנְאֻםthe.utteranceיְהוָֽהof.Yahweh

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording, with 7 of the 8 words matched. The Septuagint's word order and articles differ, but the core message remains consistent across both texts.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וּפְרָצִ֥ים תֵּצֶ֖אנָה אִשָּׁ֣ה נֶגְדָּ֑הּ וְהִשְׁלַכְתֶּ֥נָה הַהַרְמ֖וֹנָה נְאֻם־ יְהוָֽה׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וּפְרָצִ֥יםλοιμοίאִשָּׁ֣הγυμναὶנֶגְדָּ֑הּἀλλήλωνוְהִשְׁלַכְתֶּ֥נָהἀπορριφήσεσθεהַהַרְמ֖וֹנָהτὸנְאֻם־λέγειיְהוָֽה׃κύριος

7 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Amos 4:3פֶּ֫רֶץand breacheand breachesפֶּ֫רֶץיָצָאyou will goyou will go outיָצָאאִשָּׁהeacheachאִשָּׁהנֶ֫גֶדbefore hersbefore herselfנֶ֫גֶדשָׁלַךְand you wiland you will thשָׁלַךְהַרְמוֹןHarmon towaHarmon towardsהַרְמוֹןנְאֻם[the] utter[the] utteranceנְאֻםיהוהYahwehYahwehיהוהפָּרַץto break tto break througפָּרַץנָגַדto tellto tellנָגַדנָאַםto prophesto prophesyנָאַםהָיָהto beto beהָיָהאִישׁmanmanאִישׁאֱנוֹשׁhumanhumanאֱנוֹשׁהֹרָםHoramHoramהֹרָםגָּדַרto wall upto wall up/offגָּדַרקָרָאto encountto encounter: mקָרָאגּוֹרָלallottedallottedגּוֹרָלטַףchildchildטַףנָכְרִיforeignforeignנָכְרִיבְּלִיַּ֫עַלBelial: woBelial: worthleבְּלִיַּ֫עַלנְבֵלָהcarcasscarcassנְבֵלָהבּוֹרpitpitבּוֹריהוהYHWH/GodYHWH/GodיהוהאָדוֹןLordLordאָדוֹןנְאֻםutteranceutteranceנְאֻם
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Amos 4:3

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and breaches you will go out each before herself and you will throw Harmon towards [the] utterance of Yahweh
וּפְרָצִ֥יםu.fe.ra.Tzim and breaches H6556 Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absolute
19× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A breach is a break or gap, like a hole in a wall or a sudden outburst of emotion. This word can also mean a burst of God's anger or wrath.
Tyndale gloss
breach
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פֶּ֫רֶץ (perets) refers to a breach or bursting forth, encompassing both literal and figurative meanings. It can denote a gap, an outburst, or even a broken wall, and is associated with concepts like God's wrath. The word is built from the root of H6555, which also relates to breaking.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פֶּ֫רֶץ n.m. bursting forth, breach

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6556 פֶּ֫רֶץ bursting forth, breach

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6556 perets peh'-rets

from 6555; a break (literally or figuratively):--breach,

breaking forth (in), X forth, gap.

see HEBREW for 06555

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פֶּ֫רֶץ (pe.rets) — breach.

1) breach, gap, bursting forth

1a) bursting forth, outburst

1b) breach

1c) broken wall

1d) outburst (fig. of God's wrath)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | N-mp — Conjunction · noun common masculine plural absolute
HC/Ncmpa
and breaches you will go out each before herself and you will throw Harmon towards [the] utterance of Yahweh
תֵּצֶ֖אנָהte.Tze.nah you will go out H3318 Verb · Qal · imperfect second person feminine plural
1,067× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means to go out or come out, and it's used in many different ways, like leaving a place or starting a new journey, as seen in Genesis and Exodus.
Amplified meaning
at the breaches
Tyndale gloss
to come out: come
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יָצָא (yatsa') is a Hebrew verb meaning to go or come out, with various applications including departure, escape, and emergence. It can refer to both animate and inanimate subjects and emphasizes the idea of origin or source. The verb appears in different forms, such as Qal, Hiphil, and Hophal, indicating actions like leading out or being brought forth.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יָצָא 1068 vb. go or come out

Qal

go or come out or forth

from (מִן) a place

go forth from (the presence of) a person

in technical senses

of flight, involving escape

depart

of inanimate things

with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source

of children as going forth from loins (of father)

go forth to a place

go forward, proceed to or toward something

come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result

of combinations

Hiph.

cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.

bring out animals

inanimate obj.

fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)

Hoph. be brought forth

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3318 יָצָא go or come out .. go or come out or forth . from (מִן) a place

. go forth from (the presence of) a person

. in technical senses

. of flight, involving escape

. depart

. of inanimate things

. with especial emphasis on idea of origin, source

. of children as going forth from loins (of father)

. . go forth to a place

. go forward, proceed to or toward something

. come or go forth, with esp. ref. to purpose or result

. of combinations

. . cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

. fig. obj. persons, bring out of (מִן) distress, etc.

. bring out animals

. inanimate obj.

. fig. subj. י׳, bring forth from (מִן)

. be brought forth

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3318 yatsa' yaw-tsaw'

a primitive root; to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great

variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct

and proxim.:--X after, appear, X assuredly, bear out, X

begotten, break out, bring forth (out, up), carry out, come

(abroad, out, thereat, without), + be condemned,

depart(-ing, -ure), draw forth, in the end, escape, exact,

fail, fall (out), fetch forth (out), get away (forth, hence,

out), (able to, cause to, let) go abroad (forth, on, out),

going out, grow, have forth (out), issue out, lay (lie) out,

lead out, pluck out, proceed, pull out, put away, be risen, X

scarce, send with commandment, shoot forth, spread, spring

out, stand out, X still, X surely, take forth (out), at any

time, X to (and fro), utter.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: come.

: come/go_out/escape

1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart

1a2) to go forth (to a place)

1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)

1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)

1a5) to come out of

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

1b2) to bring out of

1b3) to lead out

1b4) to deliver

1c) (Hophal) to be brought out or forth

יָצָא (ya.tsa) — to come out: send.

: send/take_out/release

1) to go out, come out, exit, go forth

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go or come out or forth, depart

1a2) to go forth (to a place)

1a3) to go forward, proceed to (to or toward something)

1a4) to come or go forth (with purpose or for result)

1a5) to come out of

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to cause to go or come out, bring out, lead out

1b2) to bring out of

1b3) to lead out

1b4) to deliver

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Qal-Imperf-2fp — Verb · Qal · imperfect second person feminine plural
HVqi2fp
and breaches you will go out each before herself and you will throw Harmon towards [the] utterance of Yahweh
אִשָּׁ֣ה'i.Shah each H802 Noun common · feminine singular absolute
781× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for woman, used to describe a female person, wife, or animal, appears in many biblical passages, including Genesis and Exodus, and is often translated as woman, wife, or female.
Tyndale gloss
woman
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אִשָּׁה (ishshah) means 'woman,' 'wife,' or 'female.' It can refer to a woman in general, a wife in relation to a man, or the female of animals. The term also has distributive and reciprocal uses, indicating 'each woman' from her neighbor. The word is derived from the masculine forms אִישׁ (ish) and אִישָׁה (ishah), indicating a broad range of meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אִשָּׁה 773 n.f. woman, wife, female

woman

Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)

Female of animals

With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H802 אִשָּׁה woman, wife, female . woman

. Wife (woman belonging to a man, usually cstr. or sf.)

. Female of animals

. With distrib. & recipr. sense, each woman from her neighbor; each one

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

802 'ishshah ish-shaw'

feminine of 376 or 582; irregular plural, nashiym

{naw-sheem'}; a woman (used in the same wide sense as

582):--(adulter)ess, each, every, female, X many, + none,

one, + together, wife, woman. Often unexpressed in English.

see HEBREW for 0376

see HEBREW for 0582

see HEBREW for 0582

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman.

: woman

1) woman, wife, female

1a) woman (opposite of man)

1b) wife (woman married to a man)

1c) female (of animals)

1d) each, every (pronoun)

אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: wife.

: wife/widow

1) woman, wife, female

1a) woman (opposite of man)

1b) wife (woman married to a man)

1c) female (of animals)

1d) each, every (pronoun)

אִשָּׁה (ish.shah) — woman: another.

: another

1) woman, wife, female

1a) woman (opposite of man)

1b) wife (woman married to a man)

1c) female (of animals)

1d) each, every (pronoun)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absolute
HNcfsa
and breaches you will go out each before herself and you will throw Harmon towards [the] utterance of Yahweh
נֶגְדָּ֑הּneg.Dah before herself H5048 Suffix
151× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Before or in front of something, as in Genesis 18:22 where Abraham stands before the Lord. It describes a position of being face to face or in someone's presence.
Amplified meaning
one over against the other, in a straight line
Tyndale gloss
before
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נֶ֫גֶד (neged) refers to something that is conspicuous or in front, functioning as both a noun and an adverb. It denotes a position opposite or before someone, often used to indicate presence or visibility. The word can imply a counterpart or mate, and it appears in contexts emphasizing sight or proximity.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נֶ֫גֶד 151 subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5048 נֶ֫גֶד subst. what is conspicuous or in front, always as adv. or prep. in front of, in sight of, opposite to

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5048 neged neh'-ghed

from 5046; a front, i.e. part opposite; specifically a

counterpart, or mate; usually (adverbial, especially with

preposition) over against or before:--about, (over) against,

X aloof, X far (off), X from, over, presence, X other side,

sight, X to view.

see HEBREW for 05046

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נֶ֫גֶד (ne.ged) — before.

subst

1) what is conspicuous, what is in front of

adv

2) in front of, straight forward, before, in sight of

3) in front of oneself, straightforward

4) before your face, in your view or purpose

with prep

5) what is in front of, corresponding to

6) in front of, before

7) in the sight or presence of

8) parallel to

9) over, for

10) in front, opposite

11) at a distance

prep

12) from the front of, away from

13) from before the eyes of, opposite to, at a distance from

14) from before, in front of

15) as far as the front of

Aramaic equivalent: ne.ged (נֶ֫גֶד "before" H5049)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | Suff — Suffix
HAcmsc/Sp3fs
and breaches you will go out each before herself and you will throw Harmon towards [the] utterance of Yahweh
וְהִשְׁלַכְתֶּ֥נָהve.hish.lakh.Te.nah and you will throw H7993 Verb · Hiphil · sequential perfect second person feminine plural
125× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To throw or cast away is the meaning of this Hebrew verb. It is used in various contexts, including throwing lots or casting out something unwanted. The word appears in stories like Jonah being thrown into the sea.
Amplified meaning
thrown, tossed away
Tyndale gloss
to throw
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁלַךְ (shalak) is a Hebrew verb meaning to throw, cast, or fling. It can be used literally or figuratively, covering actions like throwing away or casting lots. The Hiphil form indicates an active throwing, while the Hophal form suggests being thrown or cast. The entries collectively emphasize various nuances of throwing and casting.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁלַךְ] 125 vb. Hiph. 112 throw, fling, cast

Hoph.

be thrown, cast

be cast forth, out

be cast down

metaph., be cast

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7993 שָׁלַךְ Hiph. throw, fling, cast

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7993 shalak shaw-lak

a primitive root; to throw out, down or away (literally or

figuratively):--adventure, cast (away, down, forth, off,

out), hurl, pluck, throw.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁלַךְ (sha.lakh) — to throw.

1) to throw, cast, hurl, fling

1a) (Hiphil)

1a1) to throw, cast, throw away, cast off, shed, cast down

1a2) to cast (lots) (fig)

1b) (Hophal)

1b1) to be thrown, be cast

1b2) to be cast forth or out

1b3) to be cast down

1b4) to be cast (metaph)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj | V-Hiphil-2fp — Verb · Hiphil · sequential perfect second person feminine plural
Hc/Vhq2fp
and breaches you will go out each before herself and you will throw Harmon towards [the] utterance of Yahweh
הַהַרְמ֖וֹנָהha.har.Mo.nah Harmon towards H2038 Particle · noun proper · suffix
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A Harmon was a high fortress or castle, likely named for its elevated position. The KJV Bible translates it as a palace, emphasizing its grandeur and importance.
Amplified meaning
in the direction of, a high fortress, a palace
Tyndale gloss
Harmon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הַרְמוֹן (harmown) refers to a high fortress or palace, derived from a root meaning height. It appears in the Old Testament only in Amos 4:3, where its meaning is somewhat uncertain, leading to suggestions that the text may be corrupt.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[הַרְמוֹן] n.m. mng. dub.; text perhaps corrupt; only Am 4:3 and ye shall cast them into Harmon

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2038 הַרְמוֹן

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2038 harmown har-mone'

from the same as 2036; a castle (from its height):--palace.

see HEBREW for 02036

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הַרְמוֹן (har.mon) — Harmon.

§ Harmon = "high fortress"

a place

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | N-proper | Suff — Particle · noun proper · suffix
HTd/Npl/Sd
and breaches you will go out each before herself and you will throw Harmon towards [the] utterance of Yahweh
נְאֻם־ne.'um- [the] utterance of H5002 Noun common · masculine singular construct
376× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to an utterance or declaration from God, often through a prophet. It is used in the Bible to describe a revelation or message from God, like in Exodus or Numbers.
Amplified meaning
says, utters
Tyndale gloss
utterance
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word נְאֻם (*n'um*) means 'utterance' or 'oracle,' derived from the root meaning 'to say.' It refers to declarations, often made by prophets, particularly in ecstatic states or preceding divine names. The entries consistently highlight its prophetic context without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נְאֻם 376 n.m. utterance

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5002 נְאֻם utterance

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5002 n'um neh-oom'

from 5001; an oracle:--(hath) said, saith.

see HEBREW for 05001

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נְאֻם (ne.um) — utterance.

1) (Qal) utterance, declaration (of prophet)

1a) utterance, declaration, revelation (of prophet in ecstatic state)

1b) utterance, declaration (elsewhere always preceding divine name)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

and breaches you will go out each before herself and you will throw Harmon towards [the] utterance of Yahweh
יְהוָֽה׃Yah.weh Yahweh H3068 Noun proper
6,528× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Yehovah is another name for God, often translated as 'the Lord'. It is a national name for God in the Jewish faith. This name is used throughout the Old Testament.
Amplified meaning
Yehovah, the supreme God
Tyndale gloss
The Lord
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) is the proper name of the God of Israel, often rendered as Jehovah or the Lord. It signifies the self-existent or eternal nature of God. The name is closely associated with the revelation to Moses in Exodus 3:12-15 and is used in conjunction with other terms to denote sacred places. Some scholars suggest it derives from a root meaning 'to bring into being.'

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

יהוה c. 6823 i.e. יַהְוֶה n.pr.dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel—(1. MT יְהֹוָה 6518 (Qr אֲדֹנָי), or יֱהֹוִה 305 (Qr אֱלֹהִים) 2. Many recent scholars explain יַהְוֶה as Hiph. of הוה (= היה) the one bringing into being, life-giver)

יהוה is not used by E in Gn, but is given Ex 3:12-15 as the name of the God who revealed Himself to Moses at Horeb

יהוה is used with אלהים and suffixes, especially in D

the phrase † אֲנִי יהוה is noteworthy

יהוה is also used with several predicates, to form sacred names of holy places of Yahweh

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3068 יהוה i.e. יַהְוֶה n. pr. dei Yahweh, the proper name of the God of Israel

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3068 Yhovah yeh-ho-vaw'

from 1961; (the) self-Existent or Eternal; Jehovah, Jewish

national name of God:--Jehovah, the Lord. Compare 3050, 3069.

see HEBREW for 01961

see HEBREW for 03050

see HEBREW for 03069

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — LORD.

Jehovah = "the existing One"

1) the proper name of the one true God

1a) unpronounced except with the vowel pointings of a.do.na (אֲדֹנָי "Lord" H0136)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — The Lord.

Another name of ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

יְהֹוָה (ye.ho.vah) — (Jerusalem of) the Lord.

Combined with ye.ru.sha.laim (יְרוּשָׁלִַ֫ם, יְרוּשְׁלֵם "Jerusalem" H3389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-proper — Noun proper
HNpt
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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