1 Chronicles 15:19 — Word Study
WLCוְהַמְשֹׁ֣רְרִ֔ים הֵימָ֥ן אָסָ֖ף וְאֵיתָ֑ן בִּמְצִלְתַּ֥יִם נְחֹ֖שֶׁת לְהַשְׁמִֽיעַ׃
BSAThe musiciansshîyr [singers, to sing with musical accompaniment] HemanHêymân AsaphʼÂçâph and EthanʼÊythân were to soundshâmaʻ [strike, play loudly] the bronzenᵉchôsheth [copper, made of copper alloy] cymbalsmᵉtsêleth [double tinklers, metal plates used for musical expression]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהַמְשֹׁ֣רְרִ֔ים | and the singers | Conjunction, particle, verb piel participle (active) masculine plural |
| הֵימָ֥ן | Heman | Noun proper masculine |
| אָסָ֖ף | Asaph | Noun proper masculine |
| וְאֵיתָ֑ן | and Ethan | Conjunction, noun proper masculine |
| בִּמְצִלְתַּ֥יִם | with cymbals | Preposition, noun common feminine dual absolute |
| נְחֹ֖שֶׁת | bronze | Noun common, feminine singular absolute |
| לְהַשְׁמִֽיעַ׃ | [were] to sound aloud | Preposition, verb hiphil infinitive construct common |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | The musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan were to sound the bronze cymbals. |
| KJV | So the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, were appointed to sound with cymbals of brass; |
| ASV | So the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, were appointed, with cymbals of brass to sound aloud; |
| YLT | and the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, with cymbals of brass to sound, |
| WEB | So the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, were given cymbals of bronze to sound aloud; |
| BBE | So those who made melody, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, were put in position, with brass instruments, sounding loudly; |
Where they part company is the verb לְהַשְׁמִיעַ — see How Translations Differ.
The structure consists of a main clause with two prepositional phrases providing additional details about the musicians and the instruments they are to use.
4 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Ellicott, Whedon & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — 1 Chronicles 15:19
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Musicians in Worshipgenerated
1 Chronicles 15:19 describes the musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, who were appointed to play the bronze cymbals during the worship service. This verse highlights the structured nature of worship in ancient Israel, where specific roles were assigned to individuals to enhance the musical expression of praise. The mention of these musicians connects to other passages that detail the organization of worship and the significance of music in glorifying God, as seen in Psalm 150:5.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 Chronicles 15:16 | David also told the leaders of the Levites to appoint their relatives as singers to lift up their voices with joy, accompanied by musical instruments—harps, lyres, and cymbals. |
| 2 | 1 Chronicles 13:8 | David and all the Israelites were celebrating before God with all their might, with songs and on harps and lyres, with tambourines, cymbals, and trumpets. |
| 3 | 1 Chronicles 16:5–42 | Asaph was the chief, Zechariah was second, then Jeiel, Shemiramoth, Jehiel, Mattithiah, Eliab, Benaiah, Obed-edom, and Jeiel. They were to play the harps and lyres, while Asaph sounded the cymbals |
| 4 | 1 Chronicles 25:1–6 | Additionally, David and the commanders of the army set apart some of the sons of Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun to prophesy with the accompaniment of lyres, harps, and cymbals. The following is the list of the men who performed this service: |
| 5 | Psalm 150:5 | Praise Him with clashing cymbals; praise Him with resounding cymbals. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 5 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — שִׁיר, shiyrgenerated
The Hebrew word שִׁיר (shiyr) means 'to sing' and is derived from a primitive root. It encompasses various forms of singing, including the act of singing itself and the individuals who sing, such as the singers mentioned here. This word is often associated with worship and praise, reflecting the role of music in the life of the community.
The parsing indicates that it is a piel participle in the masculine plural form, suggesting that these are active participants in the act of singing. The use of this term emphasizes their role as musicians who contribute to the worship experience.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb הַשְׁמִֽיעַ governs the entire verse, indicating the primary action of the musicians. The structure includes a noun phrase for the subject, which is the musicians, followed by a prepositional phrase that describes the instruments they are to use.
The order of the words places emphasis on the musicians and their specific role in worship, highlighting the importance of their contribution to the overall worship experience.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the term used for שִׁיר is ψαλτῳδοί, which translates to 'singers' or 'musicians'. This choice reflects a broader understanding of musical roles within the worship context, suggesting a focus on the act of singing as a form of praise.
The rendering of נְחֹשֶׁת as ξαλκοῖς indicates a direct correspondence to bronze or cymbals, maintaining the material aspect of the instruments used in worship.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
1 Chronicles 15:19 tells us that the musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan were appointed to play the bronze cymbals during worship. This highlights the importance of music in praising God and the structured roles within the worship service.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan were appointed to play the bronze cymbals during worship, indicating their significant roles in the musical aspect of the service.
The bronze cymbals were used in worship to produce sound and enhance the musical expression, reflecting the importance of music in praising God.
This verse connects to other passages that detail the organization of worship and the roles of musicians, such as in 1 Chronicles 16:5-42, where the significance of music in glorifying God is further emphasized.
The term 'singers' implies that these individuals were actively involved in the worship service, contributing to the musical expression of praise to God.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- What role does music play in your worship experience?
- How can you incorporate singing or music into your personal worship?
- What can you learn from the structured roles in worship as seen in this passage?
- In what ways can you express praise to God through music?
Commentators on this verse — 4 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on 1 Chronicles 15:19 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleSo the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan,.... The three principal of them: these were appointed to sound with cymbals of brass; for as there were three sorts of musical instruments, 1 Chronicles 15:16
Read John Gill on 1 Chronicles 15 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentarySo the Levites appointed Heman the son of Joel; and of his brethren, Asaph the son of Berechiah; and of the sons of Merari their brethren, Ethan the son of Kushaiah; No JFB commentary on these verses.
Read Robert Jamieson on 1 Chronicles 15 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(19-21) The minstrels named in 1 Chronicles 15:17-18, classified according to their instruments.
Read Charles John Ellicott on 1 Chronicles 15 →Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible19-21. The singers were divided into three choirs, or companies: 1.) The three chiefs, who used cymbals of brass; 2.) Eight others played with psalteries on Alamoth; 3.) Six others played with harps on the Sheminith to excel.
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on 1 Chronicles 15 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
The musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan were to sound the bronze cymbals.
So the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, were given cymbals of bronze to sound aloud;
The musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan were to sound the bronze cymbals.
The musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan were to sound the bronze cymbals;
Tyndale line
So the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, were appointed to sound with cymbals of brass;
So the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, were appointed, with cymbals of brass to sound aloud;
So the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, were appointed, with cymbals of brass to sound aloud;
So the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, were appointed to sound with cymbals of brass;
So Heman, Asaph and Ethan were fingers to make a sounde with cymbales of brasse,
Strictly literal
and the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, to sound aloud with cymbals of brass;
and the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, with cymbals of brass to sound,
and the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, [are] to sound with cymbals of bronze;
Namely, the singers, Heman, Assaph, and Ethan, to play aloud with cymbals of copper;
The musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan were appointed to play loud bronze cymbals.
From the Latin
Now the singers, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, sounded with cymbals of brass.
Simplified
The musicians Heman, Asaph, and Ethan were to strike the bronze cymbals;
So those who made melody, Heman, Asaph, and Ethan, were put in position, with brass instruments, sounding loudly;
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in their wording for this verse, with six out of the seven words matched. The Septuagint's translation reflects a similar understanding of the roles of the musicians, although the word order and articles differ.
וְהַמְשֹׁ֣רְרִ֔ים הֵימָ֥ן אָסָ֖ף וְאֵיתָ֑ן בִּמְצִלְתַּ֥יִם נְחֹ֖שֶׁת לְהַשְׁמִֽיעַ׃
6 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in 1 Chronicles 15:19
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
שִׁיר (shiyr) means 'to sing' and is a denominative verb derived from a primitive root. It covers various forms of singing, including participles for singers and songstresses. The entries indicate its use in different verbal stems, such as Qal and Polel, and note its appearance in contexts like 1 Samuel 18:6.
[שִׁיר] 86 vb. sing (denom.)
Qal 49 sing
Pō‛l. 36 sing
Hoph. be sung
base
H7891 שִׁיר sing (denom.)
7891 shiyr sheer
or (the original form) shuwr (1 Sam. 18:6) {shoor}; a
primitive root (identical with 7788 through the idea of
strolling minstrelsy); to sing:--behold (by mistake for
7789), sing(-er, -ing man, - ing woman).
see HEBREW for 07788
see HEBREW for 07789
שִׁיר (shir) — to sing.
1) to sing
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to sing
1a2) singer, songstresses (participle)
1b) (Polel)
1b1) to sing
1b2) singer, songstress (participle)
1c) (Hophal) to be sung
Conj | Art | V-o — Conjunction · particle · verb piel participle (active) masculine pluralHC/Td/Vprmpa
→ See MUSIC
הֵימָן (Heyman) means 'faithful' and refers to a notable figure in the Old Testament, specifically a wise man compared to Solomon. There are at least two individuals named Heman, one a Levitical singer and author of Psalm 88, and the other a man from the tribe of Judah. The entries consistently highlight his wisdom and lineage.
הֵימָן n.pr.m. Heman (faithful) a wise man with whom Solomon is compared
base
H1968 הֵימָן
1968 Heyman hay-mawn'
probably from 539; faithful; Heman, the name of at least two
Israelites:--Heman.
see HEBREW for 0539
הֵימָן (he.man) — Heman.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.4.31;
son of: Mahol (H4235);
brother of: Ethan (H0387), Calcol (H3633) and Darda (H1862)
§ Heman = "faithful"
1) a wise man to whom Solomon was compared
2) son of Joel, grandson of Samuel, and a Levitical singer and author of PS 88
3) a seer
הֵימָן (he.man) — Heman.
A man of the tribe of Judah living before Israel's Monarchy, only mentioned at 1Ch.2.6;
son of: Zerah (H2226I);
brother of: Zabdi (H2067), Ethan (H0387H), Calcol (H3633H) and Dara (H1873)
§ Heman = "faithful"
1) a wise man to whom Solomon was compared
2) son of Joel, grandson of Samuel, and a Levitical singer and author of PS 88
3) a seer
הֵימָן (he.man) — Heman.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.6.33;
son of: Joel (H3100);
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
he'-man (heman, "faithful"): The name of two men in the Old Testament.
(1) A musician and seer, a Levite, son of Joe and grandson of the prophet Samuel; of the family of the Kohathites (1Ch 6:33), appointed by David as one of the leaders of the temple-singing (1Ch 15:17; 2Ch 5:12). He had 14 sons (and 3 daughters) who assisted their father in the chorus. Heman seems also to have been a man of spiritual power; is called "the king's seer in matters of God" (1Ch 25:5; 2Ch 35:15).
(2) One of the noted wise men prior to, or about, the time of Solomon. He was one of the three sons of Mahol (
Heman
Faithful. (1.) 1 Kings 4:31; 1 Chr. 2:6, a son of Zerah, noted for his wisdom. (2.) Grandson of Samuel (1 Chr. 6:33; 15:17), to whom the 88th Psalm probably was inscribed. He was one of the “seers” named in 2 Chr. 29:14, 30, and took a leading part in the administration of the sacred services.
(faithful) Son of Zerah. (1 Chronicles 2:6; 1 Kings 4:31) Son of Joel and grandson of Samuel the prophet, a Kohathite. He is called "the singer," rather the musician, (1 Chronicles 6:33) and was the first of the three Levites to whom was committed the vocal and instrumental music of the temple service in the reign of David. (1 Chronicles 15:16-22) The 88th Psalm is ascribed to him. (B.C. 1014.)
אָסָף (Asaph) means 'gatherer' and refers to several individuals in the Old Testament, particularly a Levite musician under King David and the father of Joah, a royal recorder. The name appears in various contexts, including genealogies and roles related to music and royal duties. There are multiple mentions of Asaph across different books, including 2 Kings and Chronicles.
אָסָף n.pr.m. (gatherer)
father of יוֹאָח the recorder
one of David’s chief musicians, a Levite, son of Berechiah
keeper of king’s park
base
H623 אָסָף (gatherer)
623 'Acaph aw-sawf'
from 622; collector; Asaph, the name of three Israelites, and
of the family of the first:--Asaph.
see HEBREW for 0622
אָסָף (a.saph) — Asaph.
A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 2Ki.18.18;
father of: Joah (H3098)
§ Asaph = "gatherer"
1) the father of Hezekiah's secretary
2) a son of Berechiah, chief Levite musician under David
3) a Persian officer over the royal forest
אָסָף (a.saph) — Asaph.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.6.39;
son of: Berechiah (H1296H);
father of: Zaccur (H2139J), Joseph (H3130I), Nethaniah (H5418H) and Asharelah (H0841)
§ Asaph = "gatherer"
1) the father of Hezekiah's secretary
2) a son of Berechiah, chief Levite musician under David
3) a Persian officer over the royal forest
אָסָף (a.saph) — Asaph.
A man of the tribe of Levi living at the time of Exile and Return, first mentioned at 1Ch.9.15;
father of: Zichri (H2147K)
§ Asaph = "gatherer"
1) the father of Hezekiah's secretary
N-proper — Noun proper masculineHNpm
a'-saf ('acaph): Is the name of three men in the Old Testament, of whom one is the reputed author of Psalms 50 and 73-83. He was one of David's three chief musicians, the other two being Heman, and Ethan or Jeduthun, and we first hear of him when the ark was taken to Jerusalem (1Ch 15:16-19). He conducted with cymbals the music performed in the tent where the ark was housed (1Ch 16:4,5,7,37), while his two coadjutors discharged the same office at Gibeon (1Ch 16:41,42). In 1Ch 25:1 ff we are told that four of his sons were appointed to conduct under him detachments of the great chorus, the families of Heman and Jeduthun also furnishing leaders, and all took part at the…
Asaph
Convener, or collector. (1.) A Levite; one of the leaders of David’s choir (1 Chr. 6:39). Psalms 50 and 73-83 inclusive are attributed to him. He is mentioned along with David as skilled in music, and a “seer” (2 Chr. 29:30). The “sons of Asaph,” mentioned in 1 Chr. 25:1, 2 Chr. 20:14, and Ezra 2:41, were his descendants, or more probably a class of poets or singers who recognized him as their master.
(2.) The “recorder” in the time of Hezekiah (2 Kings 18:18, 37).
(collector of the people). A Levite, son of Berechiah, one of the leaders of David’s choir. (1 Chronicles 6:39) Psalms 50 and 73-83 are attributed to him; and he was in after times celebrated as a seer as well as a musical composer. (2 Chronicles 29:30; Nehemiah 12:46) (B.C. 1050.) The father or ancestor of Joah, the chronicler to the kingdom of Judah in the reign of Hezekiah, (2 Kings 18:18,37; Isaiah 36:3,22) probably the same as the preceding. The keeper of the royal forest or "paradise" of Artaxerxes, (Nehemiah 2:8) a Jew, in high office at the court of Persia. (B.C. 536.) Ancestor of Mattaniah, the conductor of the…
1. Assembler, a celebrated musician in David’s time, and one of the leaders of the temple music. 1Ch 16:5 25:1,2. This service appears to have been hereditary in his family, Ne 7:44 11:22. He is also called a seer, 2Ch 29:30; and his name is prefixed to twelve Psalms, (Ps 50:1-23 73:1-83:18) but whether they were written by him, or for him or his family to sing, is unknown. See MUSIC.
2. A recorder of King Hezekiah, 2Ki 18:18 Isa 36:3
3. Keeper of forests under Artaxerxes, Ne 2:8.
אֵיתָן (Eythan) refers to a wise man and is associated with the meaning 'enduring.' The term identifies several individuals in the Old Testament, including an Ezrahite known for his wisdom and various descendants of Levi. The entries note that Ethan is mentioned in contexts related to the United and Divided Monarchy, with specific references in 1 Kings and 1 Chronicles.
אֵיתָן n.pr.m. a wise man
base
H387 אֵיתָן a wise man
387 'Eythan ay-thawn'
the same as 386; permanent; Ethan, the name of four
Israelites:--Ethan.
see HEBREW for 0386
אֵיתָן (e.tan) — Ethan.
A man living at the time of United Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ki.4.31;
son of: Mahol (H4235);
brother of: Heman (H1968), Calcol (H3633) and Darda (H1862)
§ Ethan = "enduring"
1) an Ezrahite known for his wisdom
2) a grandson of Judah, father of Azariah
3) a Kohathite descendant of Levi
4) a Merarite son of Kushaiah, descendant of Levi
אֵיתָן (e.tan) — Ethan.
A man of the tribe of Judah living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at 1Ch.2.6;
son of: Zerah (H2226I);
brother of: Zabdi (H2067), Heman (H1968H), Calcol (H3633H) and Dara (H1873);
father of: Azariah (H5838I)
§ Ethan = "enduring"
1) an Ezrahite known for his wisdom
2) a grandson of Judah, father of Azariah
3) a Kohathite descendant of Levi
4) a Merarite son of Kushaiah, descendant of Levi
אֵיתָן (e.tan) — Ethan.
Conj | N-proper — Conjunction · noun proper masculineHC/Npm
e'-than ('ethan, "firm," "enduring"; Gaithan):
(1) A wise man with whom Solomon is compared (1Ki 4:31). Called there "Ethan the Ezrahite," to whom the title of Ps 89 ascribes the authorship of that poem.
(2) A "son of Kishi," or "Kishaiah," of the Merari branch of the Levites, and, along with Heman and Asaph, placed by David over the service of song (1Ch 6:44; 15:17,19).
See JEDUTHUN.
(3) An ancestor of Asaph of the Gershomite branch of the Levites (1Ch 6:42).
Ethan
Firm. (1.) “The Ezrahite,” distinguished for his wisdom (1 Kings 4:31). He is named as the author of the 89th Psalm. He was of the tribe of Levi.
(2.) A Levite of the family of Merari, one of the leaders of the temple music (1 Chr. 6:44; 15:17, 19). He was probably the same as Jeduthun. He is supposed by some to be the same also as (1).
(enduring). Ethan the Ezrahite, one of the four sons of Mahol, whose wisdom was excelled by Solomon. (1 Kings 4:31; 1 Chronicles 2:6) His name is in the title of (Psalms 89:1) Son of Kishi or Kushaiah; a Merarite Levite, head of that family in the time of King David, (1 Chronicles 6:44) and spoken of as a "singer." With Heman and Asaph, the heads of the other two families of Levites, Ethan was appointed to sound with cymbals. (1 Chronicles 15:17,19) A Gershonite Levite, one of the ancestors of Asaph the singer. (1 Chronicles 6:42) Hebr 27. (B.C. 1420.)
1. One of four men renowned for wisdom, though excelled by Solomon, 1Ki 4:31 1Ch 2:6. He appears to have been a son of Zerah or Ezra, and grandson of the patriarch Judah.
2. A Levite, son of Kishi, and one of the three masters of the temple music, 1Ch 6:44 15:17-19. He would seem to be the same as Jeduthun, 1Ch 25:1 2Ch 35:15.
3. A person to whom Ps 89:1-52 is inscribed.
מְצִלְתַּיִם (metsi'taim) refers to cymbals, specifically in the dual form, indicating a pair. It is derived from the root word for tinkling or clanging sounds, as noted in Strong's entries. The term appears in contexts related to music and worship.
מְצִלְתַּיִם n.f.du. cymbals
base
H4700 מְצִלְתַּיִם, מְצֵלֶת
4700 mtseleth mets-ay'-leth
from 6750; (only dual) double tinklers, i.e.
cymbals:--cymbals.
see HEBREW for 06750
מְצִלְתַּיִם (me.tse.let) — cymbal.
cymbals
Prep | N-fd — Preposition · noun common feminine dual absoluteHR/Ncfda
Cymbals
(Heb. tzeltzelim, from a root meaning to “tinkle”), musical instruments, consisting of two convex pieces of brass one held in each hand, which were clashed together to produce a loud clanging sound; castanets; “loud cymbals.” “Highsounding cymbals” consisted of two larger plates, one held also in each hand (2 Sam. 6:5; Ps. 150:5; 1 Chr. 13:8; 15:16, 19, 28; 1 Cor. 13:1).
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (nechosheth) refers to copper or bronze, often indicating items made from these metals, such as fetters. It is noted for being less valuable than gold but more than wood. Additionally, it can figuratively represent a harsh sky or, in specific contexts, suggest meanings related to lust or harlotry, as seen in Ezekiel 16:36.
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת 137 n.m. copper, bronze
copper
fetters of copper or bronze
as less in value than gold but more than wood
fig. of pitiless sky
base
[נְחֹ֫שֶׁת] n.[f.] Ez 16:36 where context favours mng. lust, harlotry, or specif. sens. obscoen.
ref
H5178a נְחֹ֫שֶׁת copper, bronze . copper
. fetters of copper or bronze
. as less in value than gold but more than wood
. fig. of pitiless sky
H5178b נְחֹ֫שֶׁת where context favours mng. lust, harlotry, or specif. sens. obscoen.
5178 nchosheth nekh-o'-sheth
for 5154; copper, hence, something made of that metal, i.e.
coin, a fetter; figuratively, base (as compared with gold or
silver):--brasen, brass, chain, copper, fetter (of brass),
filthiness, steel.
see HEBREW for 05154
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (ne.cho.shet) — bronze.
1) copper, bronze
1a) copper (ore), bronze (as copper alloy)
1b) fetters (of copper or bronze)
1c) copper (as value)
נְחֹ֫שֶׁת (ne.cho.shet) — lust.
lust, harlotry
N-fs — Noun common · feminine singular absoluteHNcfsa
The Hebrew word שָׁמַע (shama`) means 'to hear' and encompasses a range of meanings including listening, obeying, and proclaiming. It is built from a primitive root and can imply attention and understanding. The entries highlight various grammatical forms, such as Qal, Niphal, Piel, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of hearing and obeying. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding its meanings.
שָׁמַע 1152 vb. hear
Qal 1052
subj. pers. hum.
י׳ (God) subj.
Niph. 42 be heard, of voice, sound
be heard of
be regarded, obeyed
= (favourable) hearing was granted to their voice.
Pi. he caused the people to hear
Hiph. 63
of man
י׳ subj.
base
H8085 שָׁמַע hear
8085 shama` shaw-mah'
a primitive root; to hear intelligently (often with
implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to
tell, etc.):--X attentively, call (gather) together, X
carefully, X certainly, consent, consider, be content,
declare, X diligently, discern, give ear, (cause to, let, make
to) hear(-ken, tell), X indeed, listen, make (a) noise, (be)
obedient, obey, perceive, (make a) proclaim(-ation), publish,
regard, report, shew (forth), (make a) sound, X surely, tell,
understand, whosoever (heareth), witness.
שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: hear.
: hear
v
1) to hear, listen to, obey
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)
1a2) to hear of or concerning
1a3) to hear (have power to hear)
1a4) to hear with attention or interest, listen to
1a5) to understand (language)
1a6) to hear (of judicial cases)
1a7) to listen, give heed
1a7a) to consent, agree
1a7b) to grant request
1a8) to listen to, yield to
1a9) to obey, be obedient
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be heard (of voice or sound)
1b2) to be heard of
1b3) to be regarded, be obeyed
1c) (Piel) to cause to hear, call to hear, summon
1d) (Hiphil)
1d1) to cause to hear, tell, proclaim, utter a sound
1d2) to sound aloud (musical term)
1d3) to make proclamation, summon
1d4) to cause to be heard
n m
2) sound
שָׁמַע (sha.ma) — to hear: obey.
: obey
v
1) to hear, listen to, obey
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to hear (perceive by ear)
1a2) to hear of or concerning
1a3) to hear (have power to hear)
Prep | V-Hiphil-Inf-a — Preposition · verb hiphil infinitive construct commonHR/Vhcc