Verse
Context
Spiritual Blessings
4For He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world to be holy and blameless in His presence. In love5He predestined us for adoption as His sons through Jesus Christ, according to the good pleasure of His will,6to the praise of His glorious grace, which He has freely given us in the Beloved One.
Sermons






Summary
Commentary
- Adam Clarke
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
- John Gill
- Tyndale
Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
Having predestinated us - Προορισας. As the doctrine of eternal predestination has produced much controversy in the Christian world, it may be necessary to examine the meaning of the term, that those who do use it may employ it according to the sense it has in the oracles of God. The verb προοριζω, from προ, before, and ὁριζω, I define, finish, bound, or terminate, whence ὁρος, a boundary or limit, signifies to define beforehand, and circumscribe by certain bounds or limits; and is originally a geographical term, but applied also to any thing concluded, or determined, or demonstrated. Here the word is used to point out God's fixed purpose or predetermination to bestow on the Gentiles the blessing of the adoption of sons by Jesus Christ, which adoption had been before granted to the Jewish people; and without circumcision, or any other Mosaic rite, to admit the Gentiles to all the privileges of his Church and people. And the apostle marks that all this was fore-determined by God, as he had fore-determined the bounds and precincts of the land which he gave them according to the promise made to their fathers; that the Jews had no reason to complain, for God had formed this purpose before he had given the law, or called them out of Egypt; (for it was before the foundation of the world, Eph 1:4); and that, therefore, the conduct of God in calling the Gentiles now - bringing them into his Church, and conferring on them the gifts and graces of the Holy Spirit, was in pursuance of his original design; and, if he did not do so, his eternal purposes could not be fulfilled; and that, as the Jews were taken to be his peculiar people, not because they had any goodness or merit in themselves; so the Gentiles were called, not for any merit they had, but according to the good pleasure of his will; that is, according to his eternal benevolence, showing mercy and conferring privileges in this new creation, as he had done in the original creation; for as, in creating man, he drew every consideration from his own innate eternal benevolence, so now, in redeeming man, and sending the glad tidings of salvation both to the Jews and the Gentiles, be acted on the same principles, deriving all the reasons of his conduct from his own infinite goodness. This argument was exceedingly conclusive, and must silence the Jews on the ground of their original, primitive, and exclusive rights, which they were ever ready to plead against all pretensions of the Gentiles. If therefore God, before the foundation of the Jewish economy, had determined that the Gentiles, in the fullness of time, should be called to and admitted into all the privileges of the Messiah's kingdom, then the exclusive salvation of the Jews was chimerical; and what God was doing now, by the preaching of the apostles in the Gentile world, was in pursuance of his original design. This same argument St. Paul repeatedly produces in his Epistle to the Romans; and a proper consideration of it unlocks many difficulties in that epistle. See the notes on Rom 8:29, Rom 8:30 (note); and elsewhere, in the course of that epistle, where this subject is handled. But why is the word προορισας, fore-determined, limited, or circumscribed, used here? Merely in reference to the settlement of the Israelites in the promised land. God assigned to them the portions which they were to inherit; and these portions were described, and their bearings, boundaries, vicinities to other portions, extent and length, as exactly ascertained as they could be by the most correct geographical map. As God, therefore, had dealt with the Jews in making them his peculiar people, and when he divided the earth among the sons of Noah reserved to himself the twelve portions which he afterwards gave to the twelve tribes; (see on Deu 32:8 (note)); and as his dealings with them were typical of what he intended to do in the calling and salvation of the Gentiles; so he uses the terms by which their allotment and settlement were pointed out to show that, what he had thus designed and typified, he had now fulfilled according to the original predetermination; the Gentiles having now the spiritual inheritance which God had pointed out by the grant made of the promised land to the children of Israel. This is the grand key by which this predestination business is unlocked. See on Eph 1:11 (note).
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
predestinated--more special in respect to the end and precise means, than "chosen" or elected. We are "chosen" out of the rest of the world; "predestinated" to all things that secure the inheritance for us (Eph 1:11; Rom 8:29). "Foreordained." by Jesus--Greek, "through Jesus." to himself--the Father (Col 1:20). ALFORD explains, "adoption . . . into Himself," that is, so that we should be partakers of the divine nature (Pe2 1:4). LACHMANN reads, "unto Him." The context favors the explanation of CALVIN: God has regard to Himself and the glory of His grace (Eph 1:6, Eph 1:12, Eph 1:14) as His ultimate end. He had one only-begotten Son, and He was pleased for His own glory, to choose out of a lost world many to become His adopted sons. Translate, "unto Himself." the good pleasure of his will--So the Greek (Mat 11:26; Luk 10:21). We cannot go beyond "the good pleasure of His will" in searching into the causes of our salvation, or of any of His works (Eph 1:9). (Job 33:13.) Why needest thou philosophize about an imaginary world of optimism? Thy concern is to take heed that thou be not bad. There was nothing in us which deserved His love (Eph 1:1, Eph 1:9, Eph 1:11) [BENGEL].
John Gill Bible Commentary
Having predestinated us,.... Predestination, taken in a large sense, includes both election and reprobation, and even reaches to all affairs and occurrences in the world; to the persons, lives, and circumstances of men; to all mercies, temporal or spiritual; and to all afflictions, whether in love or in wrath: and indeed providence, or the dispensations of providence, are no other than the execution of divine predestination; but here it is the same with election, and is concerned with the same persons, and has regard to a special blessing, the elect are appointed to, as follows; unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ unto himself; by which is meant, either the grace of adoption, which is an act of the Father's love, a blessing provided and secured in the covenant of grace; and is of persons to an inheritance, to which they have no legal right; and is entirely free, there being no need on the adopter's part, and no worth on the part of the adopted: or rather the inheritance they are adopted to; which exceeds all others, is incorruptible, undefiled, and fades not away; and lies among the saints in light, and belongs to all the children of God: and this they are predestinated unto by God the Father, who takes them into his family, puts them among the children, and gives them a goodly heritage: and that "by Jesus Christ"; or through him; for both the grace of adoption, and the kingdom and glory they are adopted to, come by and through him as Mediator; through his espousing their persons, assuming their nature, and redeeming them from under the law and its curses; through his giving them a power and privilege openly to be the sons of God; and through faith in him, whereby they are manifestly such: the phrase "unto himself", either refers to God the Father, who has chosen, set apart, formed and reserved his people and children for himself, for his peculiar treasure, and for his own glory; or to Jesus Christ, that he might have some brethren, and they be conformed to him, and he be the firstborn among them, and in all things have the pre-eminence; and that they might be with him, and behold his glory, and he be glorified in them: and this act of divine predestination was according to the good pleasure of his will: the will of God is the rule of all his actions, and of all his acts of grace and goodness; and the good pleasure of it appears in the predestination of men to grace and glory: and from hence it is manifest, that foreseen faith, holiness, and good works, are excluded from being the moving cases of predestinating grace; and that it is wholly to be resolved into the good will and pleasure of God; the view in it being entirely as follows,
Tyndale Open Study Notes
1:5 God decided in advance to adopt us into his own family: By his sovereign initiative, God embraces and blesses as his children those who trust in Christ. They become heirs to all the promises God has made to his people (see 1:11, 14; 2:19; Rom 8:15-17, 29-30; Gal 4:5).
Spiritual Blessings
4For He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world to be holy and blameless in His presence. In love5He predestined us for adoption as His sons through Jesus Christ, according to the good pleasure of His will,6to the praise of His glorious grace, which He has freely given us in the Beloved One.
- Scripture
- Sermons
- Commentary
Appreciating Our Adoption
By Tim Conway7141:02:24JHN 1:12JHN 17:23ROM 5:1GAL 3:26EPH 1:5This sermon delves into the profound truth of adoption as children of God, emphasizing the higher privilege of adoption over justification, highlighting the intimate relationship with God as our Father. The speaker reflects on the immense love and grace displayed in God's act of adoption, challenging listeners to appreciate and grasp the depth of this doctrine in their lives.
Spiritual Blessings
By Tim Conway5811:06:41EPH 1:5This sermon delves into the concept of Spiritual Blessings in the Heavenly Places as outlined in Ephesians. The speaker highlights the source, necessity, position, recipient, kind, examples, and heavenliness of these blessings. Emphasizing the union with Christ, the sermon underscores the blessings bestowed upon believers to reflect God's glory and the praiseworthiness of God for His salvation plan. It challenges listeners to recognize their heavenly citizenship and the spiritual blessings they possess in Christ.
Understanding Our Spiritual Identity in Christ
By Mike Bickle1650:26Spiritual IdentityConfidence in ChristJHN 3:16ROM 6:13ROM 8:12CO 5:172CO 5:21GAL 2:20EPH 1:5PHP 3:9COL 3:31JN 1:9Mike Bickle emphasizes the significance of understanding our spiritual identity in Christ, asserting that believers are new creations and that their standing before God is based on Jesus' righteousness rather than their own actions. He explains that the enemy seeks to distort this truth, leading to feelings of condemnation and insecurity, but reminds us that God does not count our sins against us. Bickle encourages believers to present themselves to God as alive and accepted, rather than guilty and condemned, fostering a deeper intimacy with the Lord. He highlights that our confidence in God's acceptance is rooted in the finished work of Christ, which allows us to approach God without fear. Ultimately, he reassures that our identity as lovers of God, despite our struggles with sin, is what defines us.
The New Birth
By R.C. Sproul5JHN 3:3ROM 8:16EPH 1:5EPH 2:8TIT 3:5R.C. Sproul emphasizes the crucial theological assertion that regeneration precedes faith, a key distinction from semi-Pelagianism which believes man can accept God's grace without regeneration. Jesus, in His conversation with Nicodemus, highlights the necessity of being born again before believing in Him to see or enter the Kingdom of God. Regeneration is viewed as a supernatural, monergistic, immediate, and effectual work of God, rescuing individuals from sin's bondage and enabling them to have saving faith in Christ, leading to justification and adoption into God's family.
The Father
By A.B. Simpson4Identity in ChristFatherhood Of GodMAT 7:11JHN 1:12ROM 8:15GAL 4:6EPH 1:5HEB 12:51PE 1:31JN 2:131JN 3:1A.B. Simpson emphasizes the profound nature of God's Fatherhood, which is revealed through Jesus Christ. He explains that true sonship comes not from creation or adoption, but through the new birth and union with Christ, making believers partakers of God's divine nature. Simpson highlights the privileges of being children of God, including intimacy with the Father, His protective provision, and the promise of an eternal inheritance. He encourages believers to trust in God's love and to embrace their identity as His beloved children, which brings comfort and assurance in times of trial. Ultimately, Simpson calls for a response of love and obedience to God as our Father.
Of Adoption.
By John Gill3AdoptionGrace Of GodLUK 11:11JHN 1:12ROM 8:15ROM 8:172CO 6:18GAL 4:6EPH 1:5HEB 2:131JN 3:1REV 21:7John Gill expounds on the doctrine of adoption, emphasizing that it is a distinct act of God's grace, separate from justification and regeneration. He explains that believers are adopted as children of God through Christ, highlighting the profound love and sovereign will of God in this process. Gill contrasts civil adoption with spiritual adoption, noting that while civil adoption requires the consent of the adopted, spiritual adoption is solely an act of divine grace. He also discusses the privileges and responsibilities that come with being adopted into God's family, including heirship and the transformative work of the Holy Spirit. Ultimately, Gill illustrates that adoption is a gift that assures believers of their eternal inheritance and relationship with God.
Doing the Father's Will
By Derek Prince1PSA 40:7JHN 4:34ROM 8:29EPH 1:5HEB 4:15Derek Prince emphasizes the predestination of believers to adoption as sons by God through Jesus Christ, with the ultimate purpose of being conformed to the image of Jesus. He highlights that Jesus is the pattern Son we must emulate to reach maturity, drawing from Hebrews and Romans. Despite facing all forms of temptation, Jesus remained sinless due to His unwavering commitment to the Father's will, as seen in Psalms and the Gospels. Jesus' motivation to fulfill the Father's will was the driving force behind His ministry, setting an example for believers to prioritize God's will above all else.
For as the Sufferings of Christ Abound in Us
By C.H. Spurgeon1ROM 8:15ROM 8:23GAL 4:5EPH 1:52PE 1:4Barnhouse explains that 'huiothesia' means 'the placing of a son,' emphasizing the believer's position as a son or daughter with full rights and privileges in God's family. Detzler highlights the intimate relationship believers have with God as 'Abba, Father,' emphasizing the concept of adoption as sons. Paul reveals in Romans the past, present, and future aspects of adoption, showing that believers are chosen by God's grace to be His children. The Holy Spirit serves as the witness of our adoption, assuring believers of their relationship with God and freedom from fear. Adoption into God's family erases our old life, making us new persons with a clean slate before God.
Growth in Love
By E. Stanley Jones1JHN 13:341CO 14:1EPH 1:5COL 3:141JN 4:71JN 4:19E. Stanley Jones emphasizes the inherent capacity and necessity of love within us, highlighting that self-interest and other-interest are both inherent in children, with happiness found in being other-interested. Our destiny is to love, and living against this destiny leads to unhappiness for ourselves and those around us. By choosing to be people of love, we align with the universe's design and fulfill our destiny, making love our central life purpose.
Adoption
By Robert Murray M'Cheyne1God's LoveAdoptionJER 3:19MAT 5:44JHN 1:12ROM 8:17ROM 9:16GAL 4:6EPH 1:5HEB 12:71JN 3:1REV 21:7Robert Murray M'Cheyne emphasizes the profound love of God in the doctrine of adoption, explaining that by nature, we are children of Satan, but through God's will and mercy, we can become sons of God. He highlights that this transformation is solely the work of God, who has the power to regenerate and adopt us into His family, and that our adoption is a humbling gift that should lead us to gratitude and faith. M'Cheyne outlines the steps of regeneration and faith as essential to becoming children of God, and he describes the immense blessings that come with this status, including the love of the Father, the indwelling of the Spirit, and the promise of inheritance as heirs of God. He urges listeners to recognize their need for God’s grace and to embrace their identity as children of God, encouraging them to seek a relationship with Him.
The Great Things God Has Done for His People
By William Gadsby12SA 23:5PSA 126:3ISA 55:3LUK 5:31JHN 6:37JHN 17:6ROM 3:19ROM 8:292CO 3:5EPH 1:5HEB 9:221PE 3:18William Gadsby preaches about the great mysteries of salvation that many struggle to comprehend, including God's saving power for even the worst sinners, the method of salvation through God's electing love, and the role of God the Spirit in revealing and maintaining salvation in the hearts of believers. He emphasizes the need for true surrender and acknowledgment of one's sinful state before experiencing God's compassion and love. Gadsby highlights the importance of being part of God's spiritual family, predestined for eternal life, and the necessity of being brought out of spiritual captivity to truly understand and appreciate the great things God has done for His people.
No Longer Slaves but Children
By C.H. Spurgeon1GraceAdoptionJHN 1:12ROM 5:8ROM 8:152CO 5:21GAL 4:7EPH 1:5COL 1:13HEB 10:141PE 2:91JN 3:1C.H. Spurgeon emphasizes that through faith in Christ's atonement, believers transition from being slaves to becoming children of God. This transformation is not based on our works or the Spirit's actions but solely on God's unconditional love and grace. Spurgeon reassures that we are not bound by the law but have received the spirit of adoption, allowing us to call God 'Abba, Father.' Our identity in Christ means we are seen as righteous and loved, regardless of our unworthiness. This profound change motivates us to work not for salvation, but because we are already saved.
God Chose to Be a Father to Me
By David Wilkerson1Identity in ChristFatherhood Of GodPSA 68:5ISA 64:8MAT 7:11JHN 17:21ROM 8:152CO 6:18GAL 4:6EPH 1:5HEB 12:71JN 3:1David Wilkerson emphasizes that God has chosen to be a loving Father to us, inviting us to see Him in this intimate role. He highlights that while God is the Almighty ruler, in these last days, He desires a personal relationship with us as our Father. Jesus exemplified this relationship, living in the assurance of His Father's presence and love, which empowered Him to face trials without fear. Wilkerson encourages believers to embrace their identity as children of God, adopted into His family, and to recognize the protective and nurturing nature of the Father. Ultimately, God desires us to cry out to Him as 'Abba,' affirming our unique relationship with Him.
Isaiah 9:6
By Chuck Smith0The Gift of ChristRedemptionGEN 1:26ISA 9:6MAT 11:28LUK 1:35JHN 1:1JHN 3:16JHN 14:6ROM 8:15EPH 1:51JN 4:9Chuck Smith emphasizes the dual nature of the Christmas story, highlighting both the human aspect of Christ's birth and the divine significance of God giving His Son. He explains that Jesus, the only begotten Son of God, was given to redeem humanity after sin marred God's original plan for fellowship and harmony. Through His life and teachings, Jesus reveals the truth of God and serves as the only way to restore our relationship with the Father. Smith underscores that God's love is the driving force behind the gift of His Son, intended to bring joy and healing to a broken world.
Your Heavenly Father
By C.H. Spurgeon0Loving ObedienceFatherhood Of GodPSA 103:13MAT 7:11LUK 11:2JHN 1:12ROM 8:152CO 6:18GAL 4:6EPH 1:5HEB 12:91JN 3:1C.H. Spurgeon emphasizes the profound relationship between God and His people, who are both His creation and His adopted children through Christ. He highlights the privilege of addressing God as 'Our Father,' which carries both authority and affection, urging believers to respond with loving obedience rather than servile fear. Spurgeon illustrates the depth of a father's love, asserting that just as earthly fathers care for their children, our heavenly Father provides and protects us with even greater devotion. The sermon calls for a joyful and willing service to God, recognizing His mercy and love as the foundation of our relationship with Him. Ultimately, the term 'Father' encapsulates all our needs and desires, offering a glimpse of heaven itself.
The Glorious Liberty of the Sons of God
By G.W. North0Liberty in ChristSpiritual SonshipJHN 3:6ROM 8:191CO 6:172CO 5:17GAL 4:7EPH 1:5PHP 3:201PE 1:23G.W. North emphasizes the glorious liberty of the sons of God, explaining that while believers experience spiritual freedom from sin and death, the physical body remains unredeemed until the resurrection. He highlights the importance of living in this liberty, which is a manifestation of God's love and predestined purpose for His children. North calls for believers to be spiritually alive and aware of the creation's groaning, urging them to embrace the Spirit's work in their lives to become intercessors. He stresses that true understanding of this liberty and the Spirit's role is essential for the church to fulfill its calling. Ultimately, the sermon encourages believers to recognize their identity as sons of God and to live in the fullness of the Spirit.
Freedom From the Law of Sin and Death
By G.W. North0Life in the SpiritFreedom in ChristJHN 10:10JHN 14:17ROM 6:14ROM 8:2ROM 8:142CO 5:17GAL 5:16EPH 1:51PE 2:91JN 1:7G.W. North emphasizes that the life of Jesus, characterized by the law of the Spirit of life, frees us from the law of sin and death. He explains that while we are not under the Mosaic law, we are still governed by the law of righteousness and life, which allows us to live free from sin. North highlights the importance of walking in the Spirit to experience the fullness of Christ's life, as this is the only way to embody the moral intelligence and personality that God intends for us. He asserts that the Holy Spirit enables us to live as children of God, witnessing our sonship and leading us in the life of Christ. Ultimately, the sermon calls believers to embrace their identity in Christ through the Spirit.
The Incentive to Maturity
By T. Austin-Sparks0Divine PurposeSpiritual MaturityROM 8:19ROM 8:291CO 3:12CO 3:18GAL 3:26GAL 4:6GAL 4:19EPH 1:5EPH 4:13HEB 2:10T. Austin-Sparks emphasizes the urgency of spiritual maturity in his sermon 'The Incentive to Maturity', highlighting that the New Testament is primarily focused on urging believers towards full growth in Christ. He explains that maturity is essential not just for personal development but for fulfilling God's divine purpose, which includes governance over the world to come. Sparks points out that the letters of Paul address various aspects of spiritual growth, stressing that immaturity hinders believers from realizing their calling and inheritance as children of God. He underscores the importance of understanding our identity in Christ and the necessity of pressing on towards maturity to fulfill God's eternal purpose. Ultimately, the sermon calls for a deep commitment to spiritual growth as a response to God's grace and purpose.
On Adoption
By Thomas Reade0ROM 8:14ROM 8:232CO 1:22GAL 3:26GAL 4:4EPH 1:51JN 3:1Thomas Reade preaches on the blessings of redemption, emphasizing the infinite and eternal nature of God's gifts of grace and the gratitude we should have towards Jesus. He discusses the Spirit of adoption, highlighting the importance of filial affections towards God and the peace and joy that come with feeling like a child of God. Reade also addresses the need for genuine joy rooted in the Spirit's witness, cautioning against counterfeit graces and emphasizing the importance of obedience to God's will as a true foundation for our faith and comfort.
An Act of Love
By David Wilkerson0Assurance of SalvationUnconditional LovePSA 27:10ISA 49:15JHN 15:16ROM 5:8ROM 8:38EPH 1:5HEB 13:51PE 5:71JN 3:11JN 4:10David Wilkerson emphasizes that God's love is unconditional and not based on our worthiness or understanding of doctrine. He illustrates that God chose us and adopted us as His children even when we were lost in sin, highlighting the depth of His mercy and love. Wilkerson reassures us that we do not need to have everything figured out; the assurance of being loved by God is enough. He draws a parallel between earthly and heavenly fatherhood, affirming that just as earthly fathers do not abandon their children, our Heavenly Father will always be with us. This profound love allows us to rest in the knowledge that we are cherished and never alone.
As if Jesus Himself Were Praying
By David Wilkerson0PrayerAuthority in ChristJHN 14:13JHN 17:21JHN 17:23ROM 8:15GAL 4:7EPH 1:5David Wilkerson emphasizes the simplicity and power of praying in Jesus' name, explaining that when believers make requests in His name, it is as if Jesus Himself is petitioning the Father. He highlights the intimate relationship between God and Jesus, noting that God hears and answers every request made by His Son. Through our spiritual union with Christ, believers are adopted into God's family, receiving the same access and authority in prayer as Jesus. This profound truth assures us that our prayers are heard and answered, as we are clothed in Christ's Sonship. Ultimately, Wilkerson encourages believers to recognize the incredible authority they possess when praying in Jesus' name.
Abba, Father!
By George MacDonald0ROM 8:15ROM 8:23GAL 4:4EPH 1:5PHP 3:20George MacDonald preaches about the deep significance of calling God 'Father' from a full heart, emphasizing the importance of understanding and embracing the spirit of adoption as true sons and daughters of God. He challenges the traditional doctrine of Adoption, highlighting the need for a personal, heartfelt relationship with God as our Father, rather than a legalistic or distant concept of adoption. MacDonald stresses the essential role of love, faith, and honest skepticism in seeking to know God as our Father, encouraging believers to question and seek a genuine connection with God as his children.
Assurance as to God's Rest and Satisfaction in Christ
By T. Austin-Sparks0The Church as God's HouseAssurance in ChristEPH 1:5T. Austin-Sparks emphasizes the assurance of God's rest and satisfaction in Christ, highlighting that believers are adopted as sons through Jesus, which brings glory to God. He discusses the importance of the exaltation of Christ as the foundation of the Church's assurance and the danger of internal disintegration caused by doubt and suspicion, which the enemy uses to undermine confidence. Sparks illustrates that true assurance comes from recognizing the value of Christ's blood and the rest it provides, leading to a victorious Christian life. He calls for believers to focus on their identity in Christ, as the spiritual house is built upon Him, and to maintain a positive outlook on their fellowship with one another. Ultimately, the Church exists to glorify God, reflecting His grace and the transformative power of Christ in their lives.
Behold, What Manner of Love the Father Hath Bestowed Upon Us
By C.H. Spurgeon0God's LoveAdoption as SonsJHN 1:12ROM 8:152CO 5:17GAL 4:7EPH 1:5PHP 3:20HEB 2:101PE 1:31JN 3:1C.H. Spurgeon emphasizes the profound love of the Father in adopting us as His sons, despite our inherent corruption and struggles. He reflects on the privileges and responsibilities that come with this relationship, highlighting the care and tenderness expected from a father. Spurgeon reassures believers that even in their lowest moments, they are still recognized as sons of God, encouraging them to live by faith in Christ rather than their feelings or circumstances. He reminds us that our current state does not define our future, as we will ultimately be transformed to be like Him when He appears.
Epaphras
By Andrew Bonar0MRK 14:36JHN 1:12ROM 8:152CO 6:18GAL 4:5EPH 1:5EPH 2:18William Barclay, Swindoll, and Spurgeon delve into the significance of the term 'Abba' in addressing God, emphasizing the warm, intimate, and personal relationship between believers and God as their Father. Jesus used 'Abba' in His prayer in Gethsemane, reflecting the trust and intimacy in His relationship with God. The use of 'Abba' signifies a new covenantal relationship initiated by Jesus, allowing believers to address God with closeness and endearment. The term 'Abba' expresses a childlike trust and dependence on God, reflecting the believer's adoption as sons and daughters of God through faith.
- Adam Clarke
- Jamieson-Fausset-Brown
- John Gill
- Tyndale
Adam Clarke Bible Commentary
Having predestinated us - Προορισας. As the doctrine of eternal predestination has produced much controversy in the Christian world, it may be necessary to examine the meaning of the term, that those who do use it may employ it according to the sense it has in the oracles of God. The verb προοριζω, from προ, before, and ὁριζω, I define, finish, bound, or terminate, whence ὁρος, a boundary or limit, signifies to define beforehand, and circumscribe by certain bounds or limits; and is originally a geographical term, but applied also to any thing concluded, or determined, or demonstrated. Here the word is used to point out God's fixed purpose or predetermination to bestow on the Gentiles the blessing of the adoption of sons by Jesus Christ, which adoption had been before granted to the Jewish people; and without circumcision, or any other Mosaic rite, to admit the Gentiles to all the privileges of his Church and people. And the apostle marks that all this was fore-determined by God, as he had fore-determined the bounds and precincts of the land which he gave them according to the promise made to their fathers; that the Jews had no reason to complain, for God had formed this purpose before he had given the law, or called them out of Egypt; (for it was before the foundation of the world, Eph 1:4); and that, therefore, the conduct of God in calling the Gentiles now - bringing them into his Church, and conferring on them the gifts and graces of the Holy Spirit, was in pursuance of his original design; and, if he did not do so, his eternal purposes could not be fulfilled; and that, as the Jews were taken to be his peculiar people, not because they had any goodness or merit in themselves; so the Gentiles were called, not for any merit they had, but according to the good pleasure of his will; that is, according to his eternal benevolence, showing mercy and conferring privileges in this new creation, as he had done in the original creation; for as, in creating man, he drew every consideration from his own innate eternal benevolence, so now, in redeeming man, and sending the glad tidings of salvation both to the Jews and the Gentiles, be acted on the same principles, deriving all the reasons of his conduct from his own infinite goodness. This argument was exceedingly conclusive, and must silence the Jews on the ground of their original, primitive, and exclusive rights, which they were ever ready to plead against all pretensions of the Gentiles. If therefore God, before the foundation of the Jewish economy, had determined that the Gentiles, in the fullness of time, should be called to and admitted into all the privileges of the Messiah's kingdom, then the exclusive salvation of the Jews was chimerical; and what God was doing now, by the preaching of the apostles in the Gentile world, was in pursuance of his original design. This same argument St. Paul repeatedly produces in his Epistle to the Romans; and a proper consideration of it unlocks many difficulties in that epistle. See the notes on Rom 8:29, Rom 8:30 (note); and elsewhere, in the course of that epistle, where this subject is handled. But why is the word προορισας, fore-determined, limited, or circumscribed, used here? Merely in reference to the settlement of the Israelites in the promised land. God assigned to them the portions which they were to inherit; and these portions were described, and their bearings, boundaries, vicinities to other portions, extent and length, as exactly ascertained as they could be by the most correct geographical map. As God, therefore, had dealt with the Jews in making them his peculiar people, and when he divided the earth among the sons of Noah reserved to himself the twelve portions which he afterwards gave to the twelve tribes; (see on Deu 32:8 (note)); and as his dealings with them were typical of what he intended to do in the calling and salvation of the Gentiles; so he uses the terms by which their allotment and settlement were pointed out to show that, what he had thus designed and typified, he had now fulfilled according to the original predetermination; the Gentiles having now the spiritual inheritance which God had pointed out by the grant made of the promised land to the children of Israel. This is the grand key by which this predestination business is unlocked. See on Eph 1:11 (note).
Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary
predestinated--more special in respect to the end and precise means, than "chosen" or elected. We are "chosen" out of the rest of the world; "predestinated" to all things that secure the inheritance for us (Eph 1:11; Rom 8:29). "Foreordained." by Jesus--Greek, "through Jesus." to himself--the Father (Col 1:20). ALFORD explains, "adoption . . . into Himself," that is, so that we should be partakers of the divine nature (Pe2 1:4). LACHMANN reads, "unto Him." The context favors the explanation of CALVIN: God has regard to Himself and the glory of His grace (Eph 1:6, Eph 1:12, Eph 1:14) as His ultimate end. He had one only-begotten Son, and He was pleased for His own glory, to choose out of a lost world many to become His adopted sons. Translate, "unto Himself." the good pleasure of his will--So the Greek (Mat 11:26; Luk 10:21). We cannot go beyond "the good pleasure of His will" in searching into the causes of our salvation, or of any of His works (Eph 1:9). (Job 33:13.) Why needest thou philosophize about an imaginary world of optimism? Thy concern is to take heed that thou be not bad. There was nothing in us which deserved His love (Eph 1:1, Eph 1:9, Eph 1:11) [BENGEL].
John Gill Bible Commentary
Having predestinated us,.... Predestination, taken in a large sense, includes both election and reprobation, and even reaches to all affairs and occurrences in the world; to the persons, lives, and circumstances of men; to all mercies, temporal or spiritual; and to all afflictions, whether in love or in wrath: and indeed providence, or the dispensations of providence, are no other than the execution of divine predestination; but here it is the same with election, and is concerned with the same persons, and has regard to a special blessing, the elect are appointed to, as follows; unto the adoption of children by Jesus Christ unto himself; by which is meant, either the grace of adoption, which is an act of the Father's love, a blessing provided and secured in the covenant of grace; and is of persons to an inheritance, to which they have no legal right; and is entirely free, there being no need on the adopter's part, and no worth on the part of the adopted: or rather the inheritance they are adopted to; which exceeds all others, is incorruptible, undefiled, and fades not away; and lies among the saints in light, and belongs to all the children of God: and this they are predestinated unto by God the Father, who takes them into his family, puts them among the children, and gives them a goodly heritage: and that "by Jesus Christ"; or through him; for both the grace of adoption, and the kingdom and glory they are adopted to, come by and through him as Mediator; through his espousing their persons, assuming their nature, and redeeming them from under the law and its curses; through his giving them a power and privilege openly to be the sons of God; and through faith in him, whereby they are manifestly such: the phrase "unto himself", either refers to God the Father, who has chosen, set apart, formed and reserved his people and children for himself, for his peculiar treasure, and for his own glory; or to Jesus Christ, that he might have some brethren, and they be conformed to him, and he be the firstborn among them, and in all things have the pre-eminence; and that they might be with him, and behold his glory, and he be glorified in them: and this act of divine predestination was according to the good pleasure of his will: the will of God is the rule of all his actions, and of all his acts of grace and goodness; and the good pleasure of it appears in the predestination of men to grace and glory: and from hence it is manifest, that foreseen faith, holiness, and good works, are excluded from being the moving cases of predestinating grace; and that it is wholly to be resolved into the good will and pleasure of God; the view in it being entirely as follows,
Tyndale Open Study Notes
1:5 God decided in advance to adopt us into his own family: By his sovereign initiative, God embraces and blesses as his children those who trust in Christ. They become heirs to all the promises God has made to his people (see 1:11, 14; 2:19; Rom 8:15-17, 29-30; Gal 4:5).