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Zechariah 6:3 — Word Study

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WLCוּבַמֶּרְכָּבָ֥ה הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖ית סוּסִ֣ים לְבָנִ֑ים וּבַמֶּרְכָּבָה֙ הָרְבִעִ֔ית סוּסִ֥ים בְּרֻדִּ֖ים אֲמֻצִּֽים׃

BSAthe thirdshᵉlîyshîy whitelâbân [pure, clean] horsesçûwç and the fourthrᵉbîyʻîy dappledbârôd [spotted, grisled] horsesçûwç all of them strongʼâmôts [each one, without exception, powerful, having great might]

Word
Listen & take awayZechariah 6
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 3 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('a.mu.Tzim) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Zechariah 6:3quick helps
In a sentenceZechariah describes four chariots pulled by different colored horses, emphasizing their strength.
Who is speakingZechariah, receiving a vision from an angel.
Where we areIn a prophetic vision, detailing the roles of the horses and chariots.
The hard wordאֲמֻצִּֽים
Take awayThe horses are depicted as powerful, each contributing to the divine mission.
7 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Ellicott & more — read them › clause The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Zechariah 6:3

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — The Vision of the Chariotsgenerated

2The first chariot had red horses, the second black horses,
3the third white horses, and the fourth dappled horses—all of them strong.
4So I inquired of the angel who was speaking with me, “What are these, my lord?”
5And the angel told me, “These are the four spirits of heaven, going forth from their station before the Lord of all the earth.

Zechariah 6:3 describes a vision where Zechariah sees four chariots, each pulled by horses of different colors. The horses represent the spirits of heaven, tasked with carrying out God's will on earth. This imagery connects to other prophetic visions, emphasizing God's sovereignty and the strength of His messengers. The horses' colors and strength symbolize the diversity and power of God's actions in the world.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Revelation 6:2So I looked and saw a white horse, and its rider held a bow. And he was given a crown, and he rode out to overcome and conquer.
2Revelation 19:11Then I saw heaven standing open, and there before me was a white horse. And its rider is called Faithful and True. With righteousness He judges and wages war.
3Revelation 20:11Then I saw a great white throne and the One seated on it. Earth and heaven fled from His presence, and no place was found for them.
4Zechariah 6:6–7The one with the black horses is going toward the land of the north, the one with the white horses toward the west, and the one with the dappled horses toward the south.”
5Zechariah 1:8I looked out into the night and saw a man riding on a red horse. He was standing among the myrtle trees in the hollow, and behind him were red, sorrel, and white horses.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word אֲמֻצִּֽים, 'a.mu.Tzimgenerated

The word אָמֹץ (amots) is an adjective meaning 'strong.' It describes something that possesses strength or power. In this context, it emphasizes the might of the horses, which are integral to the chariots they pull.

The parsing indicates that it is used in the plural form, אֲמֻצִּים, referring to all the horses collectively. This highlights that each horse is strong, reinforcing the idea that they are capable and powerful in their purpose.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

Where the translations differ is with אֲמֻצִּֽים: powerful (WEB) contrasts with strong (BSB, ASV, KJV, YLT). This shows a slight variation in the emphasis on the horses' capabilities.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main clause is structured around the noun phrase that identifies the horses, with two numeral phrases indicating their order: הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖ית (the third) and הָרְבִעִ֔ית (the fourth). The structure emphasizes the sequence and the characteristics of each group of horses.

The Hebrew word order places the horses at the forefront, highlighting their significance in the vision. The phrases that follow describe their colors and strength, creating a vivid image of their appearance and purpose.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew מֶרְכָּבָה is rendered as ἅρματι, which also means 'chariot.' This choice maintains the original meaning while adapting to the Greek audience's understanding.

The Greek term ψαροί for אֲמֻצִּֽים indicates a focus on strength, aligning with the Hebrew meaning but potentially broadening its interpretation to include a sense of vigor or robustness.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Zechariah 6:3 presents a vision of four chariots, each drawn by horses of different colors: the third set is white, and the fourth is dappled. All of these horses are described as strong, indicating their power and capability in fulfilling their divine mission.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What do the different colored horses represent?

The different colored horses symbolize various aspects of God's spirit and His actions in the world, each playing a role in fulfilling His will.

Why is strength emphasized in this vision?

Strength is emphasized to show that the horses, as divine messengers, possess the power necessary to carry out God's commands effectively.

How does this passage connect to other prophetic visions?

This passage connects to other prophetic visions by illustrating God's sovereignty and the active role of His spirit in guiding and executing His plans on earth.

What is the significance of the chariots in this vision?

The chariots represent God's agents or spirits, moving throughout the earth to fulfill His purposes, indicating His ongoing involvement in the world.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What does the strength of the horses in this vision teach us about God's power in our lives?
  2. How can we recognize the different ways God works in the world, as symbolized by the various colored horses?
  3. In what ways can we be like the strong horses in fulfilling God's purpose in our own lives?
  4. How does understanding the role of these chariots and horses influence our view of divine intervention?

Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Zechariah 6:3 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

And in the third chariot white horses,.... Which, as referring to Gospel preachers, may denote the purity of their lives and doctrines, and their conquests and victories over the souls of men by the

Read John Gill on Zechariah 6 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

And in the third chariot white horses; and in the fourth chariot grisled and bay horses. And in the third chariot white horses - implying joy and victory (Calvin). In the fourth chariot grisled - piebald.

Read Robert Jamieson on Zechariah 6 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

White horses; joyful and prosperous affairs: see . Grisled and bay; state of affairs mixed of good and bad: see .

Read Matthew Poole on Zechariah 6 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(3) For grisled and bay, read only the first word, grey, as in Zechariah 1:8. It is necessary (with the Syriac Version) to make this conjectural emendation, because (as the Hebrew text now stands), in this verse the “grisled and bay horses” are spoken of as identical, while in Zechariah 6:6-7 they are distinguished from one another; and, moreover, the “red horses” are not mentioned again. LXX., ποικίλοιψαροί.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Zechariah 6 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 3. The third chariot white horses] The empire of the Greeks, founded by Alexander the Great, which destroyed the empire of the Persians. The fourth chariot grisled and bay horses.] That is party-coloured horses; or with horses, some grisled and some bay. The empire of the Romans or of the Greeks. The Greeks divided after the death of Alexander; one part pointing out the Lagidae, who attacked and subdued Egypt; and the other, the Seleucidae, who subdued Syria under Seleucus.

Read AdamClarke on Zechariah 6 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

3. grisled and bay] Rather, spotted and active, or strong, as in margin of A. V. and R. V. They were spotted, perhaps with white spots on a dark ground, “sparsis pellibus albo dixit” (Virgil, Ec. ii. 41); comp. Genesis 31:10; Genesis 31:12. In addition to the mention of their distinguishing colour, they are said here to be active, and again in Zechariah 6:7, where the reason for this characteristic being mentioned appears in the request which they make.

Read Cambridge on Zechariah 6 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

2, 3. The chariots were drawn by horses of different colors. Red… black… white… grisled and bay — For the last R.V.

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Zechariah 6 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

the third white horses, and the fourth dappled horses—all of them strong.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

In the third chariot were white horses. In the fourth chariot were dappled horses, all of them powerful.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

the third white horses, and the fourth dappled horses—all of them strong.

NETBNew English Translation2006

to the third white horses, and to the fourth spotted horses, all of them strong.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

And in the third chariot white horses; and in the fourth chariot grisled and bay horses.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

and in the third chariot white horses; and in the fourth chariot grizzled strong horses.

RVARevised Version, American1894

and in the third chariot white horses; and in the fourth chariot grisled bay horses.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

And in the third chariot white horses; and in the fourth chariot grizzled and bay horses.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

And in the thirde charet white horses, and in the fourth charet, horses of diuers colours, and reddish.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

and in the third chariot white horses; and in the fourth chariot grisled, strong horses.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

and in the third chariot white horses, and in the fourth chariot strong grisled horses.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

and in the third chariot white horses, and in the fourth chariot strong spotted horses.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

And in the third chariot, white horses; and in the fourth chariot, grizzled, ash-colored horses.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

the third chariot had white horses, and the fourth chariot had spotted gray horses.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

And in the third chariot white horses, and in the fourth chariot grisled horses, and strong ones.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

the third by white horses, and the fourth by dappled grey horses—all of them strong horses.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

And in the third, white horses; and in the fourth, horses of mixed colour.

Word by word, the decisions they made

בְּרֻדִּ֖יםbe.ru.Dim dappled H1261 3 different renderings
grisledDBY DRA KJV RVA YLT
dappledBSB FBV MSB WEB
spottedLSV NETB ULB
אֲמֻצִּֽים׃'a.mu.Tzim strong H554 2 different renderings
strongASV BSB DBY DRA FBV LSV MSB NETB YLT
powerfulWEB

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

וּand.[were]clauseprepositional phrase · predicateבַwithnoun phrasethenoun phraseמֶּרְכָּבָ֥הchariotnumeral phraseהַ(the)שְּׁלִשִׁ֖יתthirdnoun phrase · subjectסוּסִ֣יםhorsesלְבָנִ֑יםwhiteוּand.[were]clauseprepositional phrase · predicateבַwithnoun phrasethenoun phraseמֶּרְכָּבָה֙chariotnumeral phraseהָ(the)רְבִעִ֔יתfourthnoun phrase · subjectnoun phraseסוּסִ֥יםhorsesבְּרֻדִּ֖יםdappledאֲמֻצִּֽיםstrong

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text describes the third chariot as having strong white horses and the fourth chariot as having strong dappled horses. The Septuagint agrees with the Masoretic Text in content, as it matches nine of the nine words, although the word order and articles differ due to its translation style. The Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q80) also align with the Masoretic Text, but some words are partially restored or supplied by an editor, indicating that while the overall message remains consistent, there are some textual variations in the preservation of the words.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

וּבַמֶּרְכָּבָ֥ה הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖ית סוּסִ֣ים לְבָנִ֑ים וּבַמֶּרְכָּבָה֙ הָרְבִעִ֔ית סוּסִ֥ים בְּרֻדִּ֖ים אֲמֻצִּֽים׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
וּבַמֶּרְכָּבָ֥הἅρματιהַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖יתτρίτῳסוּסִ֣יםἵπποιלְבָנִ֑יםλευκοίוּבַמֶּרְכָּבָה֙ἅρματιהָרְבִעִ֔יתτετάρτῳסוּסִ֥יםἵπποιבְּרֻדִּ֖יםποικίλοιאֲמֻצִּֽים׃ψαροί

9 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q80a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

ובמרכבה [השלשית] [סוסים] [לבנים] [ובמרכבה] [הרבעית] [סוסים] ברדים אמיצים

nothing on the leather here — 3 partly restored, 6 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Zechariah 6:3מֶרְכָּבָהand [were] and [were] withמֶרְכָּבָהשְׁלִישִׁיthirdthirdשְׁלִישִׁיסוּסhorseshorsesסוּסלָבָןwhitewhiteלָבָןמֶרְכָּבָהand [were] and [were] withמֶרְכָּבָהרְבִיעִיfourthfourthרְבִיעִיסוּסhorseshorsesסוּסבָּרֹדdappleddappledבָּרֹדאָמֹץstrongstrongאָמֹץמֶרְכָּבchariotchariotמֶרְכָּבבֵּיתבֵּיתשָׁלֹשׁthreethreeשָׁלֹשׁפָּרָשׁhorsehorseפָּרָשׁלָבֵןto whitento whitenלָבֵןרָבַעto squareto squareרָבַעבָּרַדto hailto hailבָּרַדאָמֵץto strengtto strengthenאָמֵץסוּסswallowswallowסוּסאוֹפַןwheelwheelאוֹפַןהִיןhinhinהִיןפֶּ֫רֶדmulemuleפֶּ֫רֶדמֶרְכָּבָהchariotchariotמֶרְכָּבָהרְבִיעִיfourthfourthרְבִיעִיבַּהֶ֫רֶתbright spobright spotבַּהֶ֫רֶתשֵׂעָרhairhairשֵׂעָריְהוֹיָקִיםJehoiakimJehoiakimיְהוֹיָקִיםעָקֹדstripedstripedעָקֹד
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Zechariah 6:3

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

and [were] with the chariot third horses white and [were] with the chariot fourth horses dappled strong
וּבַמֶּרְכָּבָ֥הu.va.mer.ka.Vah and [were] with the chariot H4818 Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
44× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is also used for a chariot, a vehicle used for transportation or warfare in ancient times. It is similar to H4817 and appears in stories about the prophet Ezekiel's visions, like in Ezekiel 1:15. The word is usually translated as 'chariot' in English Bibles.
Tyndale gloss
chariot
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מֶרְכָּבָה (merkabah) means 'chariot' in Hebrew. It is a feminine noun derived from the related word for chariot, מֶרְכָּב (merkav). The entries consistently define it as a chariot, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֶרְכָּבָה n.f. chariot

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4818 מֶרְכָּבָה chariot

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4818 merkabah mer-kaw-baw'

feminine of 4817; a chariot:--chariot. See also 1024.

see HEBREW for 04817

see HEBREW for 01024

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֶרְכָּבָה (mer.ka.vah) — chariot.

chariot

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Rd/Ncfsa — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
HC/Rd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

char'-i-ot (merkabh, merkabhah, "riding-chariot," rekhebh, "war-chariot"; harma):

1. Chariots of Egypt

2. Chariots of the Canaanites

3. Chariots of Solomon and Later Kings

4. Chariots of the Assyrians

5. Chariots of Chaldeans, Persians, Greeks

6. In the New Testament

7. Figurative Use

LITERATURE

1. Chariots of Egypt:

It is to the chariots of ancient Egypt that reference is first made in Scripture. Joseph was honored by being made to ride in the second chariot of King Pharaoh (Ge 41:43). Joseph paid honor to his father on his arrival in Goshen by meeting him in his chariot (Ge 46:29). In the state ceremonial with which the remains of Jacob were escorted to Canaan, chariots and horsemen were conspicuous (Ge 50:9). In the narrative of the…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Chariot

A vehicle generally used for warlike purposes. Sometimes, though but rarely, it is spoken of as used for peaceful purposes.

The first mention of the chariot is when Joseph, as a mark of distinction, was placed in Pharaoh’s second state chariot (Gen. 41:43); and the next, when he went out in his own chariot to meet his father Jacob (46:29). Chariots formed part of the funeral procession of Jacob (50:9). When Pharaoh pursued the Israelites he took 600 war-chariots with him (Ex. 14:7). The Canaanites in the valleys of Palestine had chariots of iron (Josh. 17:18; Judg. 1:19). Jabin, the king of Canaan, had 900 chariots (

a vehicle used either for warlike or peaceful purposes, but most commonly the former. The Jewish chariots were patterned after the Egyptian, and consisted of a single pair of wheels on an axle, upon which was a car with high front and sides, but open at the back. The earliest mention of chariots in Scripture is in Egypt, where Joseph, as a mark of distinction, was placed in Pharaoh’s second chariot. (Genesis 41:43) Later on we find mention of Egyptian chariots for a warlike purpose. (Exodus 14:7) In this point of view chariots among some nations of antiquity, as elephants among others, may be regarded as filling the place of heavy artillery in modern times, so that the military power of a nation might be estimated by the number of its chariots. Thus Pharaoh in pursuing Israel…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ For war Ex 14:7,9,25; Jos 11:4; 1Sa 13:5; 1Ki 20:1,25; 2Ki 6:14; 2Ch 12:2,3; Ps 20:7; 46:9; Jer 46:9; 47:3; 51:21; Joe 2:5; Na 2:3,4; 3:2

→ Wheels of Pharaoh's, providentially taken off Ex 14:25

and [were] with the chariot third horses white and [were] with the chariot fourth horses dappled strong
הַשְּׁלִשִׁ֖יתha.she.li.Shit third H7992 Particle
107× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means third in a sequence, like a third day or year. It is used in the Bible to describe time, rank, or quantity, such as the third day of creation in Genesis.
Tyndale gloss
third
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שְׁלִישִׁי (shliyshiy) means 'third' and is used as an ordinal number. It can refer to a third part, time, or rank, and can also denote a third-story cell. The entries indicate its feminine form as שְׁלִישִׁית and note its relation to the number three.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שְׁלִישִׁי m. שְׁלִישִׁית f. adj.num.ord. 108 third

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7992 שְׁלִישִׁי, שְׁלִישִׁית third

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7992 shliyshiy shel-ee-shee'

ordinal from 7969; third; feminine a third (part); by

extension, a third (day, year or time); specifically, a

third-story cell):--third (part, rank, time), three (years

old).

see HEBREW for 07969

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שְׁלִישִׁי (she.li.shi) — third.

1) third, one third, third part, third time

1a) ordinal number

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | Adj — Particle
HTd/Aofsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

thurd (shelishi; tritos): Isa 19:24, "In that day shall Israel be the third with Egypt and with Assyria," etc., brings out very distinctly the universal and missionary character of Isaiah's prophecies and of Israel's destiny (compare Eze 16:63; and see G. A. Smith, Isaiah, II, 275, 278; Watkinson, Th. Blind Spot 21 ff).

For "third hour," "third month," "third year," see CALENDAR; DAY; TIME.

and [were] with the chariot third horses white and [were] with the chariot fourth horses dappled strong
סוּסִ֣יםsu.Sim horses H5483 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
140× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a horse, often referring to chariot horses. It also describes a swallow due to its swift flight, as seen in the book of Jeremiah. The word is used to describe strong and fast animals.
Tyndale gloss
swallow
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סוּס (sus) refers to both a 'swallow' and a 'horse,' derived from a root meaning to skip or leap. The word captures the swift nature of both the bird and the animal, often associated with chariot horses in the context of the Old Testament. There is a note in the entries about a comparison with another Hebrew word, but no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סוּס n.[m.] swallow or swift

base

סוּס 138 n.m. horse

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5483a סוּס swallow or swift H5483b סוּס horse

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5483 cuwc soos

or cuc {soos}; from an unused root meaning to skip (properly,

for joy); a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid

flight):--crane, horse((-back, -hoof)). Compare 6571.

see HEBREW for 06571

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סוּס (sus) — swallow.

swallow, swift

סוּס (sus) — Horse (Gate).

This name means horse

סוּס (sus) — horse.

1) horse

1a) chariot horses

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Were anciently less used for labor, in Bible land, than oxen and asses. They were used by princes and warriors, both with and without chariots, Ex 14:9,23 Es 6:8 Ec 10:7. The finest description of the war-horse ever written is found in one of the most ancient books, Job 39:19-25. Horses were common in Egypt, Ge 47:17 50:9 So 1:9; but the Jews were at first forbidden to go there for them, De 17:16, or the keep any large number, Jos 11:6

and [were] with the chariot third horses white and [were] with the chariot fourth horses dappled strong
לְבָנִ֑יםle.va.Nim white H3836 Adj
29× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means white in Hebrew, used to describe something pure or clean, like freshly fallen snow.
Amplified meaning
pure, clean
Tyndale gloss
white
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

לָבָן (lavan) means 'white' in Hebrew. It is derived from the root word לָבַן (lavan), which also conveys the same meaning. The term is used in contexts such as Genesis 49:12, where it describes color.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

לָבָן adj. white

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3836 לָבָן white

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3836 laban law-bawn'

or (Gen. 49:12) laben {law-bane'}; from 3835; white:--white.

see HEBREW for 03835

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

לָבָן (la.van) — white.

white

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAampa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hwit.

See COLORS.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

White

A symbol of purity (2 Chr. 5:12; Ps. 51:7; Isa. 1:18; Rev. 3:18; 7:14). Our Lord, at his transfiguration, appeared in raiment “white as the light” (Matt. 17:2, etc.).

Nave's Topical Bible

→ See COLOR

Thompson Chain Reference topics

a colour symbolical of purity

Da 12:10; Mt 28:3; Re 2:17; 3:4; 4:4; 6:2; 7:9; 19:8; 20:11

--SEE White Raiment,

and [were] with the chariot third horses white and [were] with the chariot fourth horses dappled strong
וּבַמֶּרְכָּבָה֙u.va.mer.ka.Vah and [were] with the chariot H4818 Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
44× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word is also used for a chariot, a vehicle used for transportation or warfare in ancient times. It is similar to H4817 and appears in stories about the prophet Ezekiel's visions, like in Ezekiel 1:15. The word is usually translated as 'chariot' in English Bibles.
Tyndale gloss
chariot
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מֶרְכָּבָה (merkabah) means 'chariot' in Hebrew. It is a feminine noun derived from the related word for chariot, מֶרְכָּב (merkav). The entries consistently define it as a chariot, with no significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

מֶרְכָּבָה n.f. chariot

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4818 מֶרְכָּבָה chariot

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4818 merkabah mer-kaw-baw'

feminine of 4817; a chariot:--chariot. See also 1024.

see HEBREW for 04817

see HEBREW for 01024

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מֶרְכָּבָה (mer.ka.vah) — chariot.

chariot

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/Rd/Ncfsa — Conjunction · preposition · noun common feminine singular absolute
HC/Rd/Ncfsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

char'-i-ot (merkabh, merkabhah, "riding-chariot," rekhebh, "war-chariot"; harma):

1. Chariots of Egypt

2. Chariots of the Canaanites

3. Chariots of Solomon and Later Kings

4. Chariots of the Assyrians

5. Chariots of Chaldeans, Persians, Greeks

6. In the New Testament

7. Figurative Use

LITERATURE

1. Chariots of Egypt:

It is to the chariots of ancient Egypt that reference is first made in Scripture. Joseph was honored by being made to ride in the second chariot of King Pharaoh (Ge 41:43). Joseph paid honor to his father on his arrival in Goshen by meeting him in his chariot (Ge 46:29). In the state ceremonial with which the remains of Jacob were escorted to Canaan, chariots and horsemen were conspicuous (Ge 50:9). In the narrative of the…

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Chariot

A vehicle generally used for warlike purposes. Sometimes, though but rarely, it is spoken of as used for peaceful purposes.

The first mention of the chariot is when Joseph, as a mark of distinction, was placed in Pharaoh’s second state chariot (Gen. 41:43); and the next, when he went out in his own chariot to meet his father Jacob (46:29). Chariots formed part of the funeral procession of Jacob (50:9). When Pharaoh pursued the Israelites he took 600 war-chariots with him (Ex. 14:7). The Canaanites in the valleys of Palestine had chariots of iron (Josh. 17:18; Judg. 1:19). Jabin, the king of Canaan, had 900 chariots (

a vehicle used either for warlike or peaceful purposes, but most commonly the former. The Jewish chariots were patterned after the Egyptian, and consisted of a single pair of wheels on an axle, upon which was a car with high front and sides, but open at the back. The earliest mention of chariots in Scripture is in Egypt, where Joseph, as a mark of distinction, was placed in Pharaoh’s second chariot. (Genesis 41:43) Later on we find mention of Egyptian chariots for a warlike purpose. (Exodus 14:7) In this point of view chariots among some nations of antiquity, as elephants among others, may be regarded as filling the place of heavy artillery in modern times, so that the military power of a nation might be estimated by the number of its chariots. Thus Pharaoh in pursuing Israel…

Nave's Topical Bible

→ For war Ex 14:7,9,25; Jos 11:4; 1Sa 13:5; 1Ki 20:1,25; 2Ki 6:14; 2Ch 12:2,3; Ps 20:7; 46:9; Jer 46:9; 47:3; 51:21; Joe 2:5; Na 2:3,4; 3:2

→ Wheels of Pharaoh's, providentially taken off Ex 14:25

and [were] with the chariot third horses white and [were] with the chariot fourth horses dappled strong
הָרְבִעִ֔יתha.re.vi.'It fourth H7243 Particle
57× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means fourth, and is used to describe something that is four-sided or divided into four parts, like a square or a quarter.
Tyndale gloss
fourth
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רְבִיעִי (rbiy`iy) means 'fourth' and can also refer to a 'fourth part' or describe something as 'foursquare.' It is derived from the root word for 'four' and has both masculine and feminine forms. The term appears in contexts where ordinal numbers are used.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רְבִיעִי m., רְבִיעִית f., adj.num.ordin. fourth

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7243 רְבִיעִי, רְבִיעִית fourth

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7243 rbiy`iy reb-ee-ee'

or rbiiy {reb-ee-ee'}; from 7251; fourth; also

(fractionally) a fourth:--foursquare, fourth (part).

see HEBREW for 07251

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רְבִיעִי (re.vi.i) — fourth.

1) fourth

1a) fourth

1b) four square

1c) fourth part

Aramaic equivalent: re.vi.ay (רְבִיעִי "fourth" H7244)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Art | Adj — Particle
HTd/Aofsa
and [were] with the chariot third horses white and [were] with the chariot fourth horses dappled strong
סוּסִ֥יםsu.Sim horses H5483 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
140× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means a horse, often referring to chariot horses. It also describes a swallow due to its swift flight, as seen in the book of Jeremiah. The word is used to describe strong and fast animals.
Tyndale gloss
swallow
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

סוּס (sus) refers to both a 'swallow' and a 'horse,' derived from a root meaning to skip or leap. The word captures the swift nature of both the bird and the animal, often associated with chariot horses in the context of the Old Testament. There is a note in the entries about a comparison with another Hebrew word, but no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

סוּס n.[m.] swallow or swift

base

סוּס 138 n.m. horse

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5483a סוּס swallow or swift H5483b סוּס horse

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5483 cuwc soos

or cuc {soos}; from an unused root meaning to skip (properly,

for joy); a horse (as leaping); also a swallow (from its rapid

flight):--crane, horse((-back, -hoof)). Compare 6571.

see HEBREW for 06571

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

סוּס (sus) — swallow.

swallow, swift

סוּס (sus) — Horse (Gate).

This name means horse

סוּס (sus) — horse.

1) horse

1a) chariot horses

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

Were anciently less used for labor, in Bible land, than oxen and asses. They were used by princes and warriors, both with and without chariots, Ex 14:9,23 Es 6:8 Ec 10:7. The finest description of the war-horse ever written is found in one of the most ancient books, Job 39:19-25. Horses were common in Egypt, Ge 47:17 50:9 So 1:9; but the Jews were at first forbidden to go there for them, De 17:16, or the keep any large number, Jos 11:6

and [were] with the chariot third horses white and [were] with the chariot fourth horses dappled strong
בְּרֻדִּ֖יםbe.ru.Dim dappled H1261 Adj
4× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means spotted, like something hit by hail. It describes something with marks or patches, as seen in the KJV translation 'grisled'.
Amplified meaning
spotted, grisled
Tyndale gloss
spotted
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

בָּרֹד (barod) is an adjective meaning 'spotted' or 'marked.' It is derived from a root that suggests a connection to being marked as if by hail. The entries consistently describe the word in this way, with no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[בָּרֹד] adj. spotted, marked

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1261 [בָּרֹד] spotted, marked

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1261 barod baw-rode'

from 1258; spotted (as if with hail):--grisled.

see HEBREW for 01258

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

בָּרֹד (ba.rod) — spotted.

spotted, marked

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAampa
and [were] with the chariot third horses white and [were] with the chariot fourth horses dappled strong
אֲמֻצִּֽים׃'a.mu.Tzim strong H554 Adj
2× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word describes something strong or having a strong color, often translated as 'red' or 'bay'. It can also refer to a specific color pattern, like a dappled or piebald horse.
Amplified meaning
each one, without exception, powerful, having great might
Tyndale gloss
strong
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָמֹץ (amots) is an adjective meaning 'strong.' It also refers to colors, specifically describing shades like bay, dappled, or piebald. The word is likely derived from a related term, but the entries do not provide further details on its usage in the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[אָמֹץ] adj. strong

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H554 אָמֹץ

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

554 'amots aw-mohts'

probably from 553; of a strong color, i.e. red (others

fleet):--bay.

see HEBREW for 0553

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָמֹץ (a.mots) — strong.

1) strong

2) bay, dappled, piebald (of colour)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Adj — Adj
HAampa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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