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Psalms 83:11 — Word Study

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WLCשִׁיתֵ֣מוֹ נְ֭דִיבֵמוֹ כְּעֹרֵ֣ב וְכִזְאֵ֑ב וּֽכְזֶ֥בַח וּ֝כְצַלְמֻנָּ֗ע כָּל־ נְסִיכֵֽמוֹ׃

BSAto destroyshâmad En-dorʻÊyn-Dôʼr En-dorʻÊyn-Dôʼr to behâyâh dungdômen landʼădâmâh

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 83
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 11 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (ne.si.Khe.mov) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 83:11quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist calls for the destruction of their leaders, comparing them to defeated Midianite chiefs.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, invoking God's judgment against enemies.
Where we areIn a plea for divine intervention against adversaries, specifically addressing their leaders.
The hard wordשִׁיתֵ֣מוֹ
Take awayThe call for judgment is clear and direct, seeking the downfall of the enemy's nobility.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Trapp, Ellicott & more — read them › clause The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 83:11

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Cry for Divine Justicegenerated

10who perished at Endor and became like dung on the ground.
11Make their nobles like Oreb and Zeeb, and all their princes like Zebah and Zalmunna,
12who said, “Let us possess for ourselves the pastures of God.”
13Make them like tumbleweed, O my God, like chaff before the wind.

Psalms 83:11 is a part of a psalm that expresses a plea for God to act against the enemies of Israel. The psalmist asks God to make their leaders like the defeated Midianite chiefs Oreb and Zeeb, and their princes like Zebah and Zalmunna, who were also vanquished by Gideon. This verse emphasizes the desire for complete destruction of the enemy's leadership, echoing the historical context of divine deliverance.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Judges 7:25They also captured Oreb and Zeeb, the two princes of Midian; and they killed Oreb at the rock of Oreb and Zeeb at the winepress of Zeeb. So they pursued the Midianites and brought the heads of Oreb and Zeeb to Gideon on the other side of the Jordan.
2Judges 8:12–21When Zebah and Zalmunna fled, Gideon pursued and captured these two kings of Midian, routing their entire army.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 2 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word שִׁיתֵ֣מוֹ, shi.Te.movgenerated

The verb שִׁית (shiyth) is a qal imperative form meaning 'to make' or 'to set.' It denotes an action of placing or establishing something, often with a sense of intention or purpose. In this verse, it reflects a command directed towards God, asking for the destruction of the enemy's leaders.

The imperative form indicates urgency and a strong desire for action. The psalmist is not merely suggesting but commanding that God act decisively against the enemies, paralleling the historical accounts of their defeat.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb שִׁיתֵ֣מוֹ, make them, governs the entire verse, with several phrases following it that describe what the psalmist desires God to do. The structure emphasizes the command and the specific comparisons to the defeated leaders.

The sentence is constructed with a series of comparisons: the nobles are likened to Oreb and Zeeb, and the princes to Zebah and Zalmunna. This parallel structure reinforces the psalmist's plea for complete destruction of the enemy's leadership.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates שִׁיתֵ֣מוֹ with ἐγενήθησαν, meaning 'they became.' This choice suggests a focus on the transformation of the enemies into a state of defeat, rather than merely making them like the historical figures.

This interpretation may reflect a broader understanding of divine judgment, emphasizing the outcome of God's action rather than the act itself.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalms 83:11 asks God to make the enemies' leaders like the defeated Midianite chiefs Oreb and Zeeb, and their princes like Zebah and Zalmunna. This reflects a strong desire for God to act against those who oppose Israel, drawing on historical examples of victory.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What is the significance of comparing the enemies' leaders to Oreb and Zeeb?

The comparison highlights the desire for complete defeat, as Oreb and Zeeb were notable Midianite leaders who faced destruction at the hands of Gideon.

Why does the psalmist ask for their nobles to be made like these historical figures?

This request serves as a reminder of God's past victories and a plea for similar intervention against current enemies.

What do the names Zebah and Zalmunna represent in this context?

Zebah and Zalmunna were also Midianite leaders defeated by Gideon, symbolizing the ultimate downfall of those who oppose God's people.

How does this verse reflect the overall theme of Psalms 83?

The verse encapsulates the theme of seeking divine justice and intervention against adversaries, calling for their leaders to be rendered powerless.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways can I recognize God's past victories in my life and seek His help in current challenges?
  2. How does understanding the historical context of Oreb and Zeeb deepen my appreciation for this verse?
  3. What does it mean to me to call on God for justice against those who oppose me?
  4. How can I apply the themes of this psalm in my prayers for those facing opposition today?

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 83:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Make their nobles like Oreb, and like Zeeb,.... Two princes of Midian, who were slain, the one at the rock Oreb, and the other at the winepress of Zeeb, so called after their names, Jude 7:25, yea,

Read John Gill on Psalms 83 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Make their nobles like Oreb, and like Zeeb: yea, all their princes as Zebah, and as Zalmunna: Make their nobles like Oreb and like Zeeb; yea, all their princes as Zebah and as Zalmunna.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 83 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 83:11 Make their nobles like Oreb, and like Zeeb: yea, all their princes as Zebah, and as Zalmunna:Ver. 11. Make their nobles like Oreb, and like Zeeb] Oreb signifieth a crow, Zeeb a wolf. Zebah a cut-throat, Zalmunna a forbidder of shadow, or quiet, to his subjects; fit names for tyrants and persecutors of God’ s people.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 83 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(9-12) For the historical allusion see references in margin. The splendid victories of Barak and Gideon were the constant theme of poets and prophets when trying to encourage their own generation by the examples of the past. (See Isaiah 9:4; Isaiah 10:26; Habakkuk 3:7.)

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 83 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 11. Make their nobles like Oreb, and like Zeeb] They were two of the chiefs, or generals, of the Midianites; and were slain in the pursuit of the Midianites, by the men of Ephraim; and their heads brought to Gideon on the other side of Jordan. Judges 7:24-25. Yea, all their princes as Zebah, and as Zalmunna] These were kings of Midian, who were encamped at Karkor with fifteen thousand men, whom Gideon attacked there, and defeated, and took the kings prisoners; and finding that they had killed his own brothers slew them both. See Judges 8:10-21. Of the Midianites there fell at this time one hundred and twenty thousand men.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 83 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

11. The Psalmist returns to Gideon’s victory. Oreb and Zeeb (‘Raven’ and ‘Wolf’) were the princes, i.e. generals, of the Midianites (Judges 7:25; Isaiah 10:26); Zebah and Zalmunna were the kings of Midian (Judges 8:5 ff., Judges 8:12; Judges 8:18 ff.).

Read Cambridge on Psalms 83 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Make their nobles like Oreb and like Zeeb - These were princes or rulers of the Midianites, slain by Gideon, the one on the rock Oreb, and the other at the wine-press of Zeeb. Judges 7:25.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 83 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible

11. Like Oreb, and… Zeeb—Two leading Midianitish princes. Judges 7:25. Zebah, and… Zalmunna—Two kings of the Midianites. Judges 8:11-12; Judges 8:21

Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Psalms 83 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Make their nobles like Oreb and Zeeb, and all their princes like Zebah and Zalmunna,

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Make their nobles like Oreb and Zeeb, yes, all their princes like Zebah and Zalmunna,

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Make their nobles like Oreb and Zeeb, and all their princes like Zebah and Zalmunna,

NETBNew English Translation2006

Make their nobles like Oreb and Zeeb, and all their rulers like Zebah and Zalmunna,

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Make their nobles like Oreb, and like Zeeb: yea, all their princes as Zebah, and as Zalmunna:

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Make their nobles like Oreb and Zeeb; Yea, all their princes like Zebah and Zalmunna;

RVARevised Version, American1894

Make their nobles like Oreb and Zeeb; yea, all their princes like Zebah and Zalmunna:

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Make their nobles like Oreb, and like Zeeb: yes, all their princes as Zebah, and as Zalmunna:

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Make them, euen their princes like Oreb and like Zeeb: yea, all their princes like Zebah and like Zalmuna.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Make their nobles as Oreb and as Zeeb; and all their chiefs as Zebah and as Zalmunna.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Make their nobles as Oreb and as Zeeb, And as Zebah and Zalmunna all their princes,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Make their nobles as Oreb and as Zeeb, || And as Zebah and Zalmunna—all their princes,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(83:12) Render them, their nobles, like 'Oreb, and like Zeeb; yea, like Zebach and like Zalmunna' all their princes;

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Make their nobles like Oreb and Zeeb, and all their princes like Zebah and Zalmunna.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

For better is one day in thy courts above thousands. I have chosen to be an abject in the house of my God, rather than to dwell in the tabernacles of sinners.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Make their leaders like Oreb and Zeeb; all their rulers like Zebah and Zalmunna,

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Make their chiefs like Oreb and Zeeb; and all their rulers like Zebah and Zalmunna:

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclauseverbשִׁיתֵ֣makenoun phrase · objectמוֹthemnoun phraseנְ֭דִיבֵtheir.nobleמוֹ[people]prepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseכְּlikeעֹרֵ֣בOrebוְandprepositional phraseכִlikeזְאֵ֑בZeebוּֽandclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalprepositional phraseכְlikeזֶ֥בַחZebahוּ֝andprepositional phraseכְlikeצַלְמֻנָּ֗עZalmunnanoun phrase · objectכָּלallnoun phraseנְסִיכֵֽprincesמוֹtheir

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text presents the verse as it stands, while the Septuagint shows a different word order and structure, indicating a variation in emphasis. The Dead Sea Scrolls fragment contains parts of the verse but does not fully align with the Masoretic Text, suggesting some textual variation.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

שִׁיתֵ֣מוֹ נְ֭דִיבֵמוֹ כְּעֹרֵ֣ב וְכִזְאֵ֑ב וּֽכְזֶ֥בַח וּ֝כְצַלְמֻנָּ֗ע כָּל־ נְסִיכֵֽמוֹ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
שִׁיתֵ֣מוֹἐνכְּעֹרֵ֣בἐγενήθησανוְכִזְאֵ֑בγῇ

3 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — Mas1ea copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

נשמדו בעין דאר היו דמן לאדמה

6 words of the verse are on this fragment. The rest of the verse is not on it.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 83:11שִׁיתmake themmake themשִׁיתנָדִיבnoble [peopnoble [people] נָדִיבעֹרֵבlike Oreblike Orebעֹרֵבזְאֵבand like Zeand like Zeebזְאֵבזֶ֫בַחand like Zeand like Zebahזֶ֫בַחצַלְמֻנָּעand like Zaand like Zalmunצַלְמֻנָּעכֹּלallallכֹּלנָסִיךְprinces theprinces theirנָסִיךְנָדַבbe willingbe willingנָדַבצֵלshadowshadowצֵלכָּלַלto perfectto perfectכָּלַלנָסַךְto pourto pourנָסַךְעֹרֵבravenravenעֹרֵבזְאֵבwolfwolfזְאֵבזֶ֫בַחsacrificesacrificeזֶ֫בַחעֵ֫דֶרflockflockעֵ֫דֶרחֹ֫שֶׁךְdarknessdarknessחֹ֫שֶׁךְאַיֵּהwhere?where?אַיֵּהזְאֵבZeebZeebזְאֵבעֹרֵבOrebOrebעֹרֵבצַלְמֻנָּעZalmunnaZalmunnaצַלְמֻנָּעסֻכּוֹתSuccothSuccothסֻכּוֹתזֶ֫בַחZebahZebahזֶ֫בַחרָדַףto pursueto pursueרָדַףעֵדָהcongregaticongregationעֵדָהעֲבֹדָהserviceserviceעֲבֹדָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 83:11

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

make them noble [people] their like Oreb and like Zeeb and like Zebah and like Zalmunna all princes their
שִׁיתֵ֣מוֹshi.Te.mov make them H7896 Verb qal imperative second person masculine singular · suffix
83× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to place or set something, and it's used in many different ways, like appointing someone to a job or setting your mind to do something. It appears in books like Genesis and Exodus. It can also mean to lay hands on someone or make something happen.
Tyndale gloss
to set: make
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שִׁית (shiyth) is a primitive root meaning to put or set, with a wide range of applications including appointing, laying, and constituting. It can also imply taking a stand or being imposed upon. The entries consistently emphasize its versatility in contexts of action and intention.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שִׁית vb. put, set

Qal

put, lay

set, station

set one's mind to, give heed, attention

set, fix

constitute, make one something

internally trans., = take one's stand

Hoph. if a ransom be imposed

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7896 שִׁית put, set .. put, lay

. . set, station

. set one's mind to, give heed, attention

. set, fix

. constitute, make one something

. internally trans., = take one's stand

. if a ransom be imposed

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7896 shiyth sheeth

a primitive root; to place (in a very wide

application):--apply, appoint, array, bring, consider, lay

(up), let alone, X look, make, mark, put (on), + regard, set,

shew, be stayed, X take.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שִׁית (shit) — to set: make.

: make/establish

1) to put, set

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)

1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to

1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform

1a4) to take one's stand

1a5) to lay waste

1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon

שִׁית (shit) — to set: put.

: put/bring

1) to put, set

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)

1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to

1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform

1a4) to take one's stand

1a5) to lay waste

1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon

שִׁית (shit) — to set: appoint.

: appoint

1) to put, set

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to put, lay (hand upon)

1a2) to set, station, appoint, fix, set mind to

1a3) to constitute, make (one something), make like, perform

1a4) to take one's stand

1a5) to lay waste

1b) (Hophal) to be imposed, be set upon

שִׁית (shit) — to set: accuse.

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqv2ms/Sp3mp — Verb qal imperative second person masculine singular · suffix
HVqv2ms/Sp3mp
make them noble [people] their like Oreb and like Zeeb and like Zebah and like Zalmunna all princes their
נְ֭דִיבֵמוֹne.di.ve.mo noble [people] their H5081 Suffix
29× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Noble or generous, describing someone of high rank or character, like a prince, or a person with a willing and liberal heart, as seen in the stories of David and Solomon.
Tyndale gloss
noble
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָדִיב (nadiyb) conveys meanings of being inclined, generous, and noble. It is derived from a root meaning voluntary or willing, and can refer to a noble person or grandee, sometimes with a connotation of tyranny. The word appears in contexts related to nobility and willingness, including a mention in Song of Solomon 6:12.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נָדִיב adj. and n.m. inclined, generous, noble

incited, inclined, willing

noble, princely, in rank

noble in mind and character

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5081 נָדִיב inclined, generous, noble

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5081 nadiyb naw-deeb'

from 5068; properly, voluntary, i.e. generous; hence,

magnanimous; as noun, a grandee (sometimes a tyrant):--free,

liberal (things), noble, prince, willing ((hearted)).

see HEBREW for 05068

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָדִיב (na.div) — noble: willing.

: willing

n m

1) noble one

adj

2) inclined, willing, noble, generous

1a) incited, inclined, willing

1b) noble, princely (in rank)

1c) noble (in mind and character)

Also means: na.div (נָדִיב ": noble" H5081H)

§ A man living at the time of United Monarchy, only mentioned at Sng.6.12

נָדִיב (na.div) — noble.

: noble

n m

1) noble one

adj

2) inclined, willing, noble, generous

1a) incited, inclined, willing

1b) noble, princely (in rank)

1c) noble (in mind and character)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HAampc/Sp3mp — Suffix
HAampc/Sp3mp
make them noble [people] their like Oreb and like Zeeb and like Zebah and like Zalmunna all princes their
כְּעֹרֵ֣בke.'o.Rev like Oreb H6159 Preposition · noun proper masculine
7× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Oreb was a Midianite leader defeated by Gideon in Judges 7:25, and his name means raven. A rock near the Jordan River is also named Oreb, where he and his army fell.
Tyndale gloss
Oreb
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עֹרֵב (Oreb) refers to a Midianite chieftain defeated by Gideon and also denotes a cliff near the Jordan River. The name translates to "raven" and is associated with a specific historical figure and location mentioned in Judges 7:25. The entries consistently highlight these aspects without significant disagreement.

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6159 עֹרֵב raven

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6159 `Oreb o-rabe'

or mOwreb {o-rabe'}; the same as 6158; Oreb, the name of a

Midianite and of the cliff near the Jordan:--Oreb.

see HEBREW for 06158

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עֹרֵב (o.rev) — Oreb.

A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.7.25

§ Oreb = "raven"

1) one of the chieftains of the Midianite army defeated by Gideon

2) a rock east of the Jordan where Oreb and part of his army fell to the Ephraimites

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Npm — Preposition · noun proper masculine
HR/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

In 2 Esdras 2:33 the King James Version for Mt. HOREB (which see; so the Revised Version (British and American)).

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Oreb

Raven, a prince of Midian, who, being defeated by Gideon and put to straits, was slain along with Zeeb (Judg. 7:20-25). Many of the Midianites perished along with him (Ps. 83:9; Isa. 10:26).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(raven), one of the chieftains of the Midianite host which invaded Israel, and was defeated and driven back by Gideon. (Judges 7:25) (B.C. 1362.) Isaiah, (Isaiah 10:26) refers to the magnitude of this disaster. Comp. (Psalms 83:1) ...

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

a raven

make them noble [people] their like Oreb and like Zeeb and like Zebah and like Zalmunna all princes their
וְכִזְאֵ֑בve.khiz.'Ev and like Zeeb H2062 Conjunction · preposition · noun proper masculine
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Zeeb was a Midianite prince mentioned in Judges 7:25, and his name means wolf. He was one of the two princes of Midian. Zeeb was brought to justice in a winepress.
Tyndale gloss
Zeeb
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זְאֵב (ze'ev) means 'wolf' and refers to Zeeb, a prince of Midian mentioned in Judges 7:25. The entries indicate that Zeeb is associated with a winepress, reflecting his role in the biblical narrative. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons regarding this word.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

זְאֵב n.pr.m. (wolf)—a prince of Midian; also in n.pr.loc. wine-vat of Zeeb.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2062 זְאֵב

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2062 Ze'eb zeh-abe'

the same as 2061; Zeeb, a Midianitish prince:--Zeeb.

see HEBREW for 02061

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זְאֵב (ze.ev) — Zeeb.

A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.7.25

§ Zeeb = "wolf"

one of the two princes of Midian mentioned in the conquest; brought to bay in a winepress

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/R/Npm — Conjunction · preposition · noun proper masculine
HC/R/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ze'-eb, zeb.

See OREB.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Zeeb

The wolf, one of the two leaders of the great Midianite host which invaded Israel and was utterly routed by Gideon. The division of that host, which attempted to escape across the Jordan, under Oreb and Zeeb, was overtaken by the Ephraimites, who, in a great battle, completely vanquished them, their leaders being taken and slain (Judg. 7:25; Ps. 83:11; Isa. 10:26).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(wolf), one of the two "princes" of Midian in the great invasion of Israel. (B.C. about 1250.) He is always named with Oreb. (Judges 7:25; 8:3; Psalms 83:11) Zeeb and Oreb were not slain at the first rout of the Arabs, but at a later stage of the struggle, probably ill crossing the Jordan at a ford farther down the river. Zeeb, the wolf, was brought to bay in a wine-press which in later times bore his name --the "wine-press of Zeeb." [OREB]

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

wolf

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
make them noble [people] their like Oreb and like Zeeb and like Zebah and like Zalmunna all princes their
וּֽכְזֶ֥בַחu.khe.Ze.vach and like Zebah H2078 Conjunction · preposition · noun proper masculine
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Zebach was a Midianite prince who, along with another king, invaded Palestine but was defeated by Gideon. His name means 'deprived of protection', and he's mentioned in the book of Judges. The KJV translates his name as 'Zebah'.
Tyndale gloss
Zebah
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

זֶ֫בַח (zevach) refers to a Midianite king named Zebah, known for his role in the invasion of Palestine that was ultimately thwarted by Gideon. The word itself is linked to the concept of sacrifice, as indicated by its connection to the Hebrew root. It is first mentioned in Judges 8:5.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

זֶ֫בַח n.pr.m. a Midianite king

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2078 זֶ֫בַח

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2078 Zebach zeh'-bakh

the same as 2077; sacrifice; Zebach, a Midianitish

prince:--Zebah.

see HEBREW for 02077

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

זֶ֫בַח (ze.vach) — Zebah.

A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.8.5

§ Zebah = "deprived of protection"

one of the two kings of Midian who commanded the great invasion of Palestine and finally were defeated by Gideon

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/R/Npm — Conjunction · preposition · noun proper masculine
HC/R/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Zebah

Man-killer, or sacrifice, one of the two kings who led the vast host of the Midianites who invaded the land of Israel, and over whom Gideon gained a great and decisive victory (Judg. 8). Zebah and Zalmunna had succeeded in escaping across the Jordan with a remnant of the Midianite host, but were overtaken at Karkor, probably in the Hauran, and routed by Gideon. The kings were taken alive and brought back across the Jordan; and confessing that they had personally taken part in the slaughter of Gideon’s brothers, they were put to death (comp. 1 Sam. 12:11; Isa. 10:26; Ps. 83:11).

Smith's Bible Dictionary

and Zalmun’na (deprived of protection), the two "kings" of Midian who commanded the great invasion of Palestine, and who finally fell by the hand of Gideon himself. (Judges 8:5-21; Psalms 83:11) (B.C. 1250.) While Oreb and Zeeb, two of the inferior leaders of the incursion, had been slain, with a vast number of their people, by the Ephraimites, at the central fords of the Jordan the two kings had succeeded in making their escape by a passage farther to the north (probably the ford near Bethshean), and thence by the Wady Yabis , through Gilead, to Kurkor, high up on the Hauran. Here they sere reposing their with 15,000 men, a mere remnant of their huge horde, when Gideon overtook them. The people fled in dismay, and Gideon captured the two kings and brought them to his native…

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

victim; sacrifice

Nave's Topical Bible

→ King of Midian Jud 8:5-21; Ps 83:11

make them noble [people] their like Oreb and like Zeeb and like Zebah and like Zalmunna all princes their
וּ֝כְצַלְמֻנָּ֗עu.khe.tzal.mu.Na' and like Zalmunna H6759 Conjunction · preposition · noun proper masculine
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Zalmunna was a Midianite king who was slain by Gideon, as told in Judges 8:5. His name means 'deprived of protection' and he lived before the time of Israel's monarchy. He was a significant figure in the biblical account.
Tyndale gloss
Zalmunna
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צַלְמֻנָּע (tsalmunna) refers to Zalmunna, a king of Midian mentioned in the context of the Old Testament. The name is derived from roots meaning 'shade has been denied' and is interpreted as 'deprived of protection.' He is noted for being slain by Gideon in Judges 8:5.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

צַלְמֻנָּע 12 n.pr.m. a king of Midian

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6759 צַלְמֻנָּע

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6759 Tsalmunna` tsal-moon-naw'

from 6738 and 4513; shade has been denied; Tsalmunna, a

Midianite:--Zalmunna.

see HEBREW for 06738

see HEBREW for 04513

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צַלְמֻנָּע (tsal.mun.na) — Zalmunna.

A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jdg.8.5

§ Zalmunna = "deprived of protection"

a Midianite king slain by Gideon

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HC/R/Npm — Conjunction · preposition · noun proper masculine
HC/R/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Zalmunna

One of the two kings of Midian whom the “Lord delivered” into the hands of Gideon. He was slain afterwards with Zebah (Judg. 8:5-21). (See ZEBAH.)

Smith's Bible Dictionary

[ZEBAH]

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

shadow; image; idol forbidden

Nave's Topical Bible

→ King of Midian Jud 8:5-21; Ps 83:11

make them noble [people] their like Oreb and like Zeeb and like Zebah and like Zalmunna all princes their
כָּל־kol- all H3605 Noun common · masculine singular construct
5,415× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for 'all' or 'everything' is used throughout the Bible, like in Genesis 1:31, where God sees all He has made as very good. It encompasses the entirety of something, whether people, things, or situations.
Tyndale gloss
all
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כֹּל (kol) means 'all' or 'the whole.' It can refer to totality, including every person or thing, and is often used with a following genitive to specify what is included. The term can also denote a broader sense of everything in existence or all circumstances of life. The lexicons do not show significant disagreement on its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כֹּל once כּוֹל n.m. the whole, all

with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

Absolutely:

without the art., all things, all

with the art. הַכֹּל

where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3605 כֹּל once כּוֹל the whole, all . with foll. gen. (as usually) the whole of, to be rendered, however, often in our idiom, to avoid stiffness, any or every

. Absolutely: . without the art., all things, all

. with the art. הַכֹּל . where the sense is limited by the context to things (or persons) just mentioned

. in a wider sense, all, whether of all mankind or of all living things, the universe, or of all the circumstances of life (chiefly late)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3605 kol kole

or (Jer. 33:8) kowl {kole}; from 3634; properly, the whole;

hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a

plural sense):--(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any

(manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as

many as, (no-)thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole,

whoso(-ever).

see HEBREW for 03634

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כֹּל (kol) — all.

1) all, the whole

1a) all, the whole of

1b) any, each, every, anything

1c) totality, everything

Aramaic equivalent: kol (כֹּל "all" H3606)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsc — Noun common · masculine singular construct
HNcmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ol: Used in various combinations, and with different meanings.

(1) All along, "Weeping all along as he went" (Jer 41:6), i.e. throughout the whole way he went, feigning equal concern with the men from Shiloh, etc., for the destruction of the Temple, so as to put them off their guard.

(2) All in all, "That God may be all in all" (1Co 15:28, Greek: panta en pasin, "all things in all (persons and) things"). "The universe, with all it comprises, will wholly answer to God's will and reflect His mind" (Dummelow).

(3) All one, "It is all one" (Job 9:22), "it makes no difference whether I live or die."

(4) At all, "If thy father miss me at all" (1Sa 20:6), "in any way," "in the least."

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
make them noble [people] their like Oreb and like Zeeb and like Zebah and like Zalmunna all princes their
נְסִיכֵֽמוֹ׃ne.si.Khe.mov princes their H5257 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
6× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word refers to a prince or leader, often one who has been anointed with oil. It is used in the Bible to describe leaders like Saul and David, who were anointed as kings of Israel. The concept of a prince is also seen in the Messiah, who is referred to as the anointed one.
Tyndale gloss
libation
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נָסִיךְ (nasiyk) has two primary meanings: it can refer to a libation or drink offering, as well as a molten image. Additionally, it denotes a prince or anointed one. The word is derived from a root meaning something poured out, indicating its connection to offerings and leadership.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[נָסִיךְ] n.m. 1. libation; 2. molten image

wine of their drink-offering

molten image

base

[נָסִיךְ] n.m. prince

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5257a נָסִיךְ . libation

. molten image

H5257b נָסִיךְ prince

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5257 nciyk nes-eek'

from 5258; properly, something poured out, i.e. a libation;

also a molten image; by implication, a prince (as

anointed):--drink offering, duke, prince(-ipal).

see HEBREW for 05258

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נָסִיךְ (ne.sikh) — libation.

1) poured out, libation, molten image

1a) libation, drink-offering

1b) molten image

נָסִיךְ (ne.sikh) — prince.

prince, anointed one

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpc/Sp3mp — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3mp
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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