Psalms 79:12 — Word Study
WLCוְהָ֘שֵׁ֤ב לִשְׁכֵנֵ֣ינוּ שִׁ֭בְעָתַיִם אֶל־ חֵיקָ֑ם חֶרְפָּ֘תָ֤ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר חֵרְפ֣וּךָ אֲדֹנָֽי׃
BSAPay backshûwb [seven times as much, in full measure] intoʼêl the lapschêyq [bosom, intimate presence] of our neighborsshâkên [fellow citizens, those living near] sevenfoldshibʻâthayim [many times over, abundantly] the reproachcherpâh [shame, scorn, blasphemy] they hurled at Youchâraph■ [taunted, defamed, spoke against] O LordʼĂdônây [Adonay, the reverenced God, Master]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְהָ֘שֵׁ֤ב | and repay | Conjunction, verb hiphil imperative second person masculine singular |
| לִשְׁכֵנֵ֣ינוּ | to neighbors our | Preposition, noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| שִׁ֭בְעָתַיִם | sevenfold | Noun common, feminine dual absolute |
| אֶל־ | into | Preposition |
| חֵיקָ֑ם | bosom their | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| חֶרְפָּ֘תָ֤ם | reproach their | Noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| אֲשֶׁ֖ר | which | Particle |
| חֵרְפ֣וּךָ | they reproached you | Verb piel perfect third person common plural, suffix |
| אֲדֹנָֽי׃ | O Lord | Noun proper |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Pay back into the laps of our neighbors sevenfold the reproach they hurled at You, O Lord. |
| KJV | And render unto our neighbours sevenfold into their bosom their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord. |
| ASV | And render unto our neighbors sevenfold into their bosom Their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord. |
| YLT | And turn Thou back to our neighbours, Sevenfold unto their bosom, their reproach, Wherewith they reproached Thee, O Lord. |
| WEB | Pay back to our neighbors seven times into their bosom their reproach with which they have reproached you, Lord. |
| BBE | And give punishment seven times over into the breast of our neighbours for the bitter words which they have said against you, O Lord. |
Where they part company is שִׁ֭בְעָתַיִם — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause presents the request, with additional phrases providing context and detail about the nature and extent of the repayment.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 79:12
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Lament for Jerusalemgenerated
Psalm 79:12 expresses a plea for God to repay the reproach that the neighboring nations have hurled at Him. The psalmist is deeply concerned about the honor of God and the shame brought upon His people. This verse is part of a larger lament where the psalmist calls for God's vengeance and restoration, reflecting the collective suffering of Israel as they endure scorn from their enemies.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Genesis 4:15 | “Not so!” replied the LORD. “If anyone slays Cain, then Cain will be avenged sevenfold.” And the LORD placed a mark on Cain, so that no one who found him would kill him. |
| 2 | Leviticus 26:21–28 | If you walk in hostility toward Me and refuse to obey Me, I will multiply your plagues seven times, according to your sins. |
| 3 | Isaiah 65:5–7 | They say, ‘Keep to yourself; do not come near me, for I am holier than you!’ Such people are smoke in My nostrils, a fire that burns all day long. |
| 4 | Jeremiah 32:18 | You show loving devotion to thousands but lay the iniquity of the fathers into the laps of their children after them, O great and mighty God whose name is the LORD of Hosts, |
| 5 | Luke 6:38 | Give, and it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over will be poured into your lap. For with the measure you use, it will be measured back to you.” |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — חֶרְפָּה, cher.Pa.Tamgenerated
The Hebrew word חֶרְפָּה (cherpah) means reproach or taunt, often associated with shame or disgrace. It conveys the idea of being insulted or defamed, which is a significant theme in the psalm as the people seek vindication.
The parsing indicates that it is a feminine singular noun, suggesting a specific instance of reproach. This word captures the emotional weight of the psalmist's request, as it reflects not just a verbal insult but a deep sense of humiliation.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb וְהָ֘שֵׁ֤ב (ve.Ha.Shev), meaning 'and repay', governs the entire verse. It is followed by a prepositional phrase indicating the direction of the repayment, and a noun phrase that specifies the object of the reproach.
The structure emphasizes the psalmist's urgent plea, with the verb leading the sentence and the surrounding phrases detailing the context and extent of the request.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates וְהָ֘שֵׁ֤ב as ἀπόδος (apodos), meaning 'give back' or 'repay'. This choice maintains the sense of returning something that was taken or lost, aligning closely with the original Hebrew intent.
The Greek word ὀνειδισμὸν (oneidismon) for חֶרְפָּה emphasizes the shame aspect, indicating a strong focus on the dishonor that the reproach represents.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 79:12 is a plea for God to repay the shame and reproach that the neighboring nations have cast upon Him. The psalmist asks for a repayment that is seven times as much, indicating a desire for justice and restoration for the wrongs done.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Repaying sevenfold indicates a desire for a complete and abundant restitution for the shame that has been inflicted.
The reproach signifies the dishonor and scorn directed at God and His people, highlighting the need for divine intervention.
This verse captures the essence of lament by expressing deep sorrow over the reproach faced and a call for God’s justice.
Addressing God as 'O Lord' emphasizes His authority and the psalmist's reverence, acknowledging Him as the ultimate judge and master.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced reproach or shame in my life, and how can I seek God's justice?
- How can I better understand the impact of my words on others, reflecting on the concept of reproach?
- What does it mean to me to ask God for restoration in times of distress?
- How can I support others who are facing shame or reproach in their lives?
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 79:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAnd render unto our neighbours seven fold into their bosom, ec.] Not seven fold for one, as the Targum paraphrases it, or a seven fold punishment for one sin; but that he would recompense their sins,
Read John Gill on Psalms 79 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryAnd render unto our neighbours sevenfold into their bosom their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 79 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleSevenfold, i.e. either, 1. Abundantly, as this phrase notes, ,7 Jeremiah 32:18 . Or, 2. Sensibly, so as it may come home to them, and fall heavily upon them in their own persons. Reproached thee, as impotent, or unfaithful, or unmerciful to his own people. So they intimate that this desire did not proceed from a revengeful mind, but from a due sense of God’ s favour.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 79 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 79:12 And render unto our neighbours sevenfold into their bosom their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord.Ver. 12. Into their bosom] Full measure, pressed down, shaken together, and running over, Luke 6:38. See Isaiah 65:6-7 Jeremiah 32:18. Wherewith they have reproached thee] viz. In reproaching us, who do quarter arms, as it were, with thee.
Read John Trapp on Psalms 79 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(12) Neighbours.—The sharpest pang of the suffering came from the taunts of “neighbours. (See Psalms 79:4.) Sevenfold.—As in Genesis 4:15. We naturally contrast the law of Christian forgiveness. Into their bosom.—The deep folds of the Eastern dress were used as a pocket. (Comp. Rth 3:15; Isaiah 65:7; Jeremiah 32:18; Luke 6:38, &c)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 79 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 12. Sevenfold into their bosom] That is, Let them get in this world what they deserve for the cruelties they have inflicted on us. Let them suffer in captivity, who now have us in bondage. Probably this is a prediction.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 79 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges12. our neighbours] Cp. Psalms 79:4 : the nations around, such as the Ammonites, Moabites, and Edomites, which instead of sympathising rejoiced at Israel’s calamity. Cp. Ezekiel 25. sevenfold] Cp. Genesis 4:15; and contrast Christ’s law of forgiveness, Matthew 18:22. into their bosom] A metaphor from the practice of carrying articles in the folds of the dress. It further suggests the idea of full and intimate recompence. Cp. Isaiah 65:6; Jeremiah 32:18; Luke 6:38.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 79 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAnd render unto our neighbors - That is, the neighbors who had reproached them; the surrounding people who had seen these calamities come upon them, and who had regarded these calamities as proof
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 79 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Pay back into the laps of our neighbors sevenfold the reproach they hurled at You, O Lord.
Pay back to our neighbors seven times into their bosom their reproach with which they have reproached you, Lord.
Pay back into the laps of our neighbors sevenfold the reproach they hurled at You, O Lord.
Pay back our neighbors in full! May they be insulted the same way they insulted you, O Lord!
Tyndale line
And render unto our neighbours sevenfold into their bosom their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord.
And render unto our neighbors sevenfold into their bosom Their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord.
And render unto our neighbours sevenfold into their bosom their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord.
And render to our neighbors seven-fold into their bosom their reproach, with which they have reproached thee, O LORD.
And render to our neighbours seuen folde into their bosome their reproche, wherewith they haue reproched thee, O Lord.
Strictly literal
And render unto our neighbours, sevenfold into their bosom, their reproach, wherewith they have reproached thee, O Lord.
And turn Thou back to our neighbours, Sevenfold unto their bosom, their reproach, Wherewith they reproached Thee, O Lord.
And return to our neighbors, || Sevenfold to their bosom, their reproach, || With which they reproached You, O Lord.
And recompense unto our neighbors sevenfold into their bosom their defiance wherewith they have defied thee, O Lord.
Pay back into the laps of our neighboring countries seven times as much as the insults with which they have insulted you, Lord.
From the Latin
It stretched forth its branches unto the sea, and its boughs unto the river.
Simplified
Pay each of these neighbors back seven times for the scorn and ridicule they directed against you, Lord.
And give punishment seven times over into the breast of our neighbours for the bitter words which they have said against you, O Lord.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
חֶרְפָּה is consistently represented in both the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint, with only minor variations in wording. The Septuagint captures the essence of the Hebrew text, reflecting the same themes of reproach and the call for divine justice.
וְהָ֘שֵׁ֤ב לִשְׁכֵנֵ֣ינוּ שִׁ֭בְעָתַיִם אֶל־ חֵיקָ֑ם חֶרְפָּ֘תָ֤ם אֲשֶׁ֖ר חֵרְפ֣וּךָ אֲדֹנָֽי׃
8 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 79:12
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
The Hebrew word שׁוּב (shuwb) means to turn back or return, covering a wide range of contexts including physical, spiritual, and relational. It can denote returning to a previous state, repenting, or even apostatizing. The entries describe various forms and uses, including bringing back, restoring, and refreshing. Notably, it can also imply a change in course of action.
שׁוּב 1056 vb. turn back, return
Qal 683;—turn back, return:
turn back
return, come or go back
esp. return unto
of dying
of revival from death
fig. of human relations:
return to leader, king
= change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)
turn, i.e. resort to
return to a physical condition
abs. = change course of action
fig., specif. of spiritual relations:
turn back from God = apostatize
of י׳, turn away
turn back to God (= seek penitently)
abs. repent
turn back from evil
of י׳
of י׳, return (to shew favour)
of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):
denoting repetition, etc.
trans.
Pō‛l.
bring back
fig. restore, refresh
restore, repair
lead away (enticingly)
shew turning = apostatize
Hiph. 353 cause to return, bring back
bring back into bondage
put back
= draw back
= give back, restore
= relinguish
= give in payment, requital
bring one back (from dead)
bring back heart
= refresh
H7725 שׁוּב turn back, return .—turn back, return: . turn back
. return, come or go back
. esp. return unto
. . of dying
. of revival from death
. fig. of human relations: . return to leader, king
. = change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)
. turn, i.e. resort to
. return to a physical condition
. abs. = change course of action
. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: . turn back from God = apostatize
. of י׳, turn away
. turn back to God (= seek penitently)
. abs. repent
. turn back from evil
. of י׳
. of י׳, return (to shew favour)
. of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):
. denoting repetition, etc.
. trans.
. . bring back
. . fig. restore, refresh
. restore, repair
. lead away (enticingly)
. shew turning = apostatize
. cause to return, bring back . . bring back into bondage
. put back
. = draw back
. = give back, restore
. = relinguish
. = give in payment, requital
7725 shuwb shoob
a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or
intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily
with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to
retreat; often adverbial, again:--((break, build, circumcise,
dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge,
make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) X again, (cause to) answer
(+ again), X in any case (wise), X at all, averse, bring
(again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back),
cease, X certainly, come again (back), X consider, +
continually, convert, deliver (again), + deny, draw back,
fetch home again, X fro, get (oneself) (back) again, X give
(again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see)
more, X needs, be past, X pay, pervert, pull in again, put
(again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh,
relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve,
שׁוּב (shuv) — to return: return.
: return
1) to return, turn back
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to turn back, return
1a1a) to turn back
1a1b) to return, come or go back
1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back
1a1d) of dying
1a1e) of human relations (fig)
1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig)
1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise
1a1f2) to turn away (of God)
1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent
1a1f4) turn back (from evil)
1a1g) of inanimate things
1a1h) in repetition
1b) (Polel)
1b1) to bring back
1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig)
1b3) to lead away (enticingly)
1b4) to show turning, apostatise
1c) (Pual) restored (participle)
1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back
1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment
1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore
1d3) to bring back, report to, answer
1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense)
Conj | V-Hiphil-Impv-2ms — Conjunction · verb hiphil imperative second person masculine singularHC/Vhv2ms
שָׁכֵן (sha.khen) refers to an inhabitant or neighbor, derived from the root word for dwelling. It encompasses meanings related to residency and proximity, indicating a fellow citizen or someone living nearby.
שָׁכֵן adj. inhabitant, neighbor
base
H7934 שָׁכֵן inhabitant, neighbor
7934 shaken shaw-kane'
from 7931; a resident; by extension, a
fellow-citizen:--inhabitant, neighbour, nigh.
see HEBREW for 07931
שָׁכֵן (sha.khen) — neighboring.
1) inhabitant, neighbour
1a) inhabitant
1b) neighbour
Prep | Adj | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHR/Ncmpc/Sp1bp
שִׁבְעָתַיִם (shib`athayim) means 'seven-fold' or 'seven times.' It is a dual form derived from the root for 'seven' and is used adverbially to indicate a multiplicative aspect, such as 'seven times as much.' The entries consistently highlight this meaning without significant disagreement.
שִׁבְעָתַיִם n.f.du. seven-fold, seven times
base
H7659 שִׁבְעָתַיִם seven-fold, seven times
7659 shib`athayim shib-aw-thah'-yim
dual (adverbially) of 7651; seven- times:--seven(-fold,
times).
see HEBREW for 07651
שִׁבְעָתַיִם (shiv.a.ta.yim) — sevenfold.
1) sevenfold, seven times
1a) sevenfold, seven times as much
1b) seven times
N-fd — Noun common · feminine dual absoluteHNcfda
The Hebrew word אֶל (el) is primarily a preposition indicating motion towards or direction to a person or place. It can also imply entering a limit, presence at a location, or a hostile direction (against). Additionally, it may express concepts such as concerning, in addition to, or according to. The entries highlight its versatility in both physical and metaphorical contexts.
אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph),
prep. denoting motion to or direction towards (whether physical or mental).of motion to or unto a person or place
Where the limit is actually entered, into
Of direction towards anything
Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
Of rule or standard according to (rare)
Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
base
H413 אֶל (nearly always followed by Makkeph), . of motion to or unto a person or place
. Where the limit is actually entered, into
. Of direction towards anything
. Where the motion or direction implied appears from the context to be of a hostile character, אֶל = against
. Unto sometimes acquires from the context the sense of in addition to
. Metaph. in regard to, concerning, on account of
. Of rule or standard according to (rare)
. Expressing presence at a spot, against, at, by, not merely after verbs implying motion
. Prefixed to other preps. it combines with them the idea of motion or direction to
413 'el ale
(but only used in the shortened constructive form sel {el});
a primitive particle; properly, denoting motion towards, but
occasionally used of a quiescent position, i.e. near, with or
among; often in general, to:--about, according to ,after,
against, among, as for, at, because(-fore, -side), both...and,
by, concerning, for, from, X hath, in(- to), near, (out) of,
over, through, to(-ward), under, unto, upon, whether,
with(-in).
אֶל (el) — to(wards).
1) to, toward, unto (of motion)
2) into (limit is actually entered)
2a) in among
3) toward (of direction, not necessarily physical motion)
4) against (motion or direction of a hostile character)
5) in addition to, to
6) concerning, in regard to, in reference to, on account of
7) according to (rule or standard)
8) at, by, against (of one's presence)
9) in between, in within, to within, unto (idea of motion to)
Prep — PrepositionHR
חֵיק (cheq) means 'bosom' and can refer to the literal or figurative sense of being enclosed, such as in the body or in garments. It encompasses meanings like embrace, lap, and secret, indicating a sense of intimacy or closeness. The entries suggest a range of uses, including physical and metaphorical contexts.
חֵיק, חֵק n.[m.] bosom
of fold of garment, at breast
carry in bosom
bosom as part of body
base
H2436 חֵיק, חֵק bosom
2436 cheyq khake
or cheq {khake}; and chowq {khoke}; from an unused root,
apparently meaning to inclose; the bosom (literally or
figuratively):--bosom, bottom, lap, midst, within.
חֵיק (cheq) — bosom: embrace.
: embrace/chest
bosom, hollow, bottom, midst
חֵיק (cheq) — bosom: garment.
: garment
bosom, hollow, bottom, midst
A sub-meaning of cheq (חֵיק ": embrace" H2436)
חֵיק (cheq) — bosom: lap.
: lap/base
bosom, hollow, bottom, midst
A sub-meaning of cheq (חֵיק ": embrace" H2436)
חֵיק (cheq) — bosom: secret.
: secret
bosom, hollow, bottom, midst
A sub-meaning of cheq (חֵיק ": embrace" H2436)
N-ms | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp3mp
חֶרְפָּה (cherpah) means reproach or taunt, often associated with shame or disgrace. It can refer to the condition of being reproached or the object of reproach itself. The word is derived from חָרַף (charaf), which relates to scorn or rebuke.
חֶרְפָּה n.f. reproach
taunt of enemy
reproach which rests upon one, condition of shame, disgrace
a reproach, the object of reproach, the person or thing reproached
base
H2781 חֶרְפָּה reproach . taunt of enemy
. reproach which rests upon one, condition of shame, disgrace
. a reproach, the object of reproach, the person or thing reproached
2781 cherpah kher-paw'
from 2778; contumely, disgrace, the pudenda:--rebuke,
reproach(-fully), shame.
see HEBREW for 02778
חֶרְפָּה (cher.pah) — reproach.
1) reproach, scorn
1a) taunt, scorn (upon enemy)
1b) reproach (resting upon condition of shame, disgrace)
1c) a reproach (an object)
N-fs | Suff — Noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHNcfsc/Sp3mp
The Hebrew word אֲשֶׁר (*asher*) is a relative pronoun that can mean 'who,' 'which,' or 'that.' It serves various grammatical functions, including as an adverb or conjunction, indicating relationships between clauses, places, or conditions. Variants like בַאֲשֶׁר (*ba-asher*), מֵאֲשֶׁר (*me-asher*), and כַּאֲשֶׁר (*ka-asher*) expand its usage to specific contexts such as location, causation, and time.
אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause.
base
בַאֲשֶׁר
in (that) which
adv. in (the place) where
conj. in that, inasmuch as
on account of whom?
base
מֵאֲשֶׁר
from (or than) that which
adv. from (the place) where
conj. from (the fact) that …, since
base
כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when
according to that which, according as, as
with a causal force, in so far as, since
with a temporal force, when
base
H834a אֲשֶׁר part. of relation A sign of relation, bringing the clause introduced by it into relation with an antecedent clause. H834b בַאֲשֶׁר . in (that) which
. adv. in (the place) where
. conj. in that, inasmuch as
. on account of whom?
H834c מֵאֲשֶׁר . from (or than) that which
. adv. from (the place) where
. conj. from (the fact) that …, since
H834d כַּאֲשֶׁר conj. according as, as, when . according to that which, according as, as
. with a causal force, in so far as, since
. with a temporal force, when
834 'aher ash-er'
a primitive relative pronoun (of every gender and number);
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction)
when, where, how, because, in order that, etc.:--X after, X
alike, as (soon as), because, X every, for, + forasmuch, +
from whence, + how(-soever), X if, (so) that ((thing) which,
wherein), X though, + until, + whatsoever, when, where
(+ -as, -in, -of, -on, -soever, -with), which, whilst, +
whither(- soever), who(-m, -soever, -se). As it is
indeclinable, it is often accompanied by the personal pronoun
expletively, used to show the connection.
אֲשֶׁר (a.sher) — which.
A: 1) (relative part.)
1a) which, who
1b) that which
2) (conj)
2a) that (in obj clause)
2b) when
2c) since
2d) as
2e) conditional if
B: Beth+ 1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
C: Mem+ 1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
D: Kaph+
1) (conj.), according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
1b) with a causal force: in so far as, since
1c) with a temporal force: when
בַאֲשֶׁר (ba.a.sher) — in which.
1) in (that) which
2) (adv)
2a) where
3) (conj)
3a) in that, inasmuch as
3b) on account of
מֵאֲשֶׁר (me.a.sher) — whence.
1) from (or than) that which
2) from (the place) where
3) from (the fact) that, since
כַּאֲשֶׁר (ka.a.sher) — as which.
conj
1) according as, as, when
1a) according to that which, according as, as
HTr — ParticleHTr
The Hebrew word חָרַף (charaph) has a range of meanings including to reproach, taunt, and defame, as well as to remain in harvest time and to acquire. It is built from a primitive root and can be used in various forms, such as Qal and Piel. Notably, it appears in Isaiah 18:6 and Leviticus 19:20.
H2778a [חָרַף] reproach H2778b חָרַף vb. denom. remain in harvest time H2778c חָרַף acquire
2778 charaph. khaw-raf'
a primitive root; to pull off, i.e. (by implication) to
expose (as by stripping); specifically, to betroth (as if a
surrender); figuratively, to carp at, i.e. defame;
denominative (from 2779) to spend the winter:--betroth,
blaspheme, defy, jeopard, rail, reproach, upbraid.
see HEBREW for 02779
חָרַף (cha.raph) — to taunt.
1) to reproach, taunt, blaspheme, defy, jeopardise, rail, upbraid
1a) (Qal) to reproach
1b) (Piel) to reproach, defy, taunt
חָרַף (cha.raph) — to winter.
(Qal) to winter, spend harvest time, remain in harvest time
חָרַף (cha.raph) — to acquire.
(Niphal) to acquire, be betrothed
V-Piel-Perf-3cp | Suff — Verb piel perfect third person common plural · suffixHVpp3cp/Sp2ms
אֲדֹנָי (Adonay) means 'Lord' and is an emphatic form of another Hebrew word for lord. It is used specifically as a title for God, often in place of Yahweh to show reverence. Variations include אֲדֹנִי and אֲדֹנַי, which help distinguish divine from human references.
אָדוֹן n.m. lord (אֲדֹנִי, אֲדֹנַי, אֲדֹנָי are variations of Mass. pointing to distinguish divine reference fr. human. Pl., with few exc. an intens. pl. of rank; word takes sf. as pl. in all other pers.; so doubtless here. Orig. reading prob. in all cases אֲדֹנַי; אֲדֹנִי now found in J 51 t.)
base
H136 אָדוֹן lord (אֲדֹנִי, אֲדֹנַי, אֲדֹנָי are variations of Mass. pointing to distinguish divine reference fr. human. Pl., with few exc. an intens. pl. of rank; word takes sf. as pl. in all other pers.; so doubtless here. Orig. reading prob. in all cases אֲדֹנַי; אֲדֹנִי now found in J 51 t.)
136 'Adonay ad-o-noy'
am emphatic form of 113; the Lord (used as a proper name of
God only):--(my) Lord.
see HEBREW for 0113
אֲדֹנָי (a.do.nai) — Lord.
Lord - a title, spoken in place of Yahweh in Jewish display of reverence
Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)
N-mp | Suff — Noun properHNpt
Lord
There are various Hebrew and Greek words so rendered.
(1.) Heb. Jehovah, has been rendered in the English Bible LORD, printed in small capitals. This is the proper name of the God of the Hebrews. The form “Jehovah” is retained only in Ex. 6:3; Ps. 83:18; Isa. 12:2; 26:4, both in the Authorized and the Revised Version.
(2.) Heb. ‘adon, means one possessed of absolute control. It denotes a master, as of slaves (Gen. 24:14, 27), or a ruler of his subjects (45:8), or a husband, as lord of his wife (18:12).
The old plural form of this Hebrew word is ’adonai. From a superstitious reverence for the name “Jehovah,” the Jews, in reading their Scriptures, whenever that name…
[GOD]
This name belongs to God by preeminence; and in this sense ought never to be given to any creature. Jesus Christ, as the Messiah, the Son of God, and equal with the Father, is often called Lord in Scripture, especially in the writing of Paul. The word LORD, in the English Bible, when printed in small capitals, stands always for JEHOVAH in the Hebrew. See JEHOVAH.