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Psalms 58:7 — Word Study

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WLCיִמָּאֲס֣וּ כְמוֹ־ מַ֭יִם יִתְהַלְּכוּ־ לָ֑מוֹ יִדְרֹ֥ךְ חִ֝צָּ֗יו כְּמ֣וֹ יִתְמֹלָֽלוּ׃

BSAGodʼĕlôhîym to overthrowhâraç toothshên lippeh toothmaltâʻâh lionkᵉphîyr to tearnâthats The LordYᵉhôvâh

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 58
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 7 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (yit.mo.La.lu) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 58:7quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist calls for the destruction of the wicked, wishing them to vanish and their weapons to be rendered useless.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, addressing God with a plea for justice.
Where we areIn a lament against the wicked, the psalmist expresses a desire for divine intervention.
The hard wordיִמָּאֲס֣וּ
Take awayThe imagery of water and arrows emphasizes the futility of the wicked.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbאֱלֹהִים The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 58:7

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Lament Against the Wickedgenerated

6O God, shatter their teeth in their mouths; O LORD, tear out the fangs of the lions.
7May they vanish like water that runs off; when they draw the bow, may their arrows be blunted.
8Like a slug that dissolves in its slime, like a woman’s stillborn child, may they never see the sun.
9Before your pots can feel the burning thorns— whether green or dry— He will sweep them away.

Psalm 58:7 expresses a desire for the wicked to disappear like flowing water and for their weapons to be ineffective. This verse is part of a larger context where the psalmist is invoking God's justice against those who act unjustly. The imagery of arrows being blunted further illustrates the psalmist's wish for the wicked's plans to fail, aligning with the broader themes of divine retribution found throughout the Psalms.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 22:14I am poured out like water, and all my bones are disjointed. My heart is like wax; it melts away within me.
2Psalm 64:7–8But God will shoot them with arrows; suddenly they will be wounded.
3Psalm 112:10The wicked man will see and be grieved; he will gnash his teeth and waste away; the desires of the wicked will perish.
4Exodus 15:15Then the chiefs of Edom will be dismayed; trembling will seize the leaders of Moab; those who dwell in Canaan will melt away,
5Joshua 2:9–11and said to them, “I know that the LORD has given you this land and that the fear of you has fallen on us, so that all who dwell in the land are melting in fear of you.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

Let them melt away as waters which run continually: when he bendeth his bow to shoot his arrows, let them be as cut in pieces.Psalm 22:14 Psalm 64:7–8 Psalm 112:10 Exodus 15:15 Joshua 2:9–11 Joshua 7:5 2 Samuel 17:10 Isaiah 13:7

The Key Word יִמָּאֲס֣וּ, yi.ma.'a.Sugenerated

The verb מָאַס (ma'ac) in its Niphal form here indicates a sense of rejection or spurning. In this verse, it conveys the idea of the wicked being made to flow away or vanish, suggesting a complete removal from existence.

The parsing indicates that this is an imperfect verb in the third person masculine plural, meaning it refers to a group of people — the wicked — and expresses a desire for their ultimate rejection by God.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses the phrase may they vanish.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse consists of two main clauses, with the first clause expressing the desire for the wicked to vanish and the second addressing their actions with bows and arrows. The structure emphasizes the psalmist's plea for divine intervention against the wicked.

The finite verbs יִמָּאֲס֣וּ, יִדְרֹ֥ךְ, and יִתְמֹלָֽלוּ govern the actions described, with each verb indicating a different aspect of the psalmist's plea for justice.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates יִמָּאֲס֣וּ as θεὸς (God), indicating a focus on divine action in the context of the psalmist's plea. This choice underscores the belief that it is God who will bring about the dissolution of the wicked.

The Greek word συνέτριψεν for the concept of arrows being blunted suggests a decisive action, aligning with the psalmist's desire for the wicked's plans to be thwarted.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 58:7 expresses a wish for the wicked to disappear like flowing water and for their arrows to be rendered ineffective. The psalmist pleads for God's intervention against those who act unjustly, using vivid imagery to convey the desire for their plans to fail.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the psalmist mean by wishing the wicked to vanish like water?

The psalmist desires for the wicked to be completely removed and rendered powerless, much like water that flows away and is no longer present.

Why does the psalmist mention arrows in this verse?

The mention of arrows symbolizes the weapons and plans of the wicked, and the psalmist wishes for these to be ineffective, emphasizing the futility of their actions.

How does this verse relate to the theme of justice in the Psalms?

This verse reflects the broader theme of divine justice in the Psalms, where the psalmist often calls upon God to act against those who commit evil and injustice.

Is there a connection between this verse and other parts of the Bible?

Yes, the imagery of water and arrows can be found in other psalms and poetic literature, reinforcing the idea of God's power to thwart the plans of the wicked.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways do I see the consequences of wickedness in the world around me?
  2. How can I trust in God's justice when I see evil prevailing?
  3. What does it mean for me to pray for the wicked — should I desire their destruction or their repentance?
  4. How can I apply the imagery of this psalm in my understanding of justice and mercy?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

The verse is referenced by Augustine of Hippo, who comments on the imagery of the wicked being despised like running water, emphasizing the transient nature of their power.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 58 354–430
"They shall be despised like water running down" [Psalms 58:7]. Be not terrified, brethren, by certain streams, which are called torrents: with winter waters they are filled up;
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 58 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 58:7 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Let them melt away as waters [which] run continually,.... Let them be disheartened, and their courage fail them, and let there be no spirit left in them, Joshua 7:5; or let them be unstable as water

Read John Gill on Psalms 58 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Break their teeth, O God, in their mouth: break out the great teeth of the young lions, O LORD. -Petition rounded on the foregoing description of the malignity of the foe; confident anticipation of the answer (Psalms 58:9-10).

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 58 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

As waters which run continually; as waters arising from melted snow, or great showers, or some other extraordinary cause, which at first run with great force and noise, and throw down all that stands in their way, but are suddenly gone, and run away and vanish, and return no more. When he bendeth his bow, to wit, any or every one of mine enemies, as appears from the foregoing and following words. Is cut in pieces, i.e. like arrows broken asunder whilst a man shoots, which can do no hurt.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 58 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 58:7 Let them melt away as waters [which] run continually: [when] he bendeth [his bow to shoot] his arrows, let them be as cut in pieces.Ver. 7. Let them melt away as waters] As snowwaters before the sunbeams, quickly melted, and soon drunk in by the dry earth, Job 24:19. In Peru, they say, there is a river called the diurnal river, or the day river, because it flows with a mighty current in the day, but in the night is dry, because it is not fed by a spring, but caused merely by the melting of the snow, which lieth on the mountains thereabouts. When he bendeth his bow] i.e. Let him be utterly frustrated, let all his mischievous designs and endeavours be blasted, and come to nothing.…

Read John Trapp on Psalms 58 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(7, 8) After the types of obstinate and fierce malignity, come four striking images of the fatuity of the wicked man’s projects, and his own imminent ruin. The first of these compares him to water, which, spilt on a sandy soil, sinks into it and melts away. (Comp. 2 Samuel 14:14.) Perhaps a phenomenon, often described by travellers, was in the poet’s mind, the disappearance of a stream which, after accompanying the track for some time, suddenly sinks into the sand. The words which run continually, even if the Hebrew can bear this meaning, only weaken the figure. The verb is in the reflexive conjugation, and has “to” or “for themselves” added, and seems to be exactly equivalent to our, they…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 58 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 7. Let them melt away as waters] Let them be minished away like the waters which sometimes run in the desert, but are soon evaporated by the sun, or absorbed by the sand. When he bendeth his bow] When my adversaries aim their envenomed shafts against me, let their arrows not only fall short of the mark, but he broken to pieces in the flight. Some apply this to GOD. When he bends his bow against them, they shall all be exterminated.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 58 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

7. as waters which run continually) R.V., restoring P.B.V., as water that runneth apace: like some torrent that rages wildly for a while when swollen by a sudden storm, and then vanishes entirely (Job 6:15 ff.). when he bendeth his bow to shoot his arrows] A cumbrous rendering of a peculiar phrase, the verb strictly applicable to the bow being used of the arrows (cp. Psalms 64:3). Better as R.V., when he aimeth his arrows. But who is the subject? (1) It may be the wicked man, (as in Psalms 64:3); When he aimeth his arrows, let them be as though they were cut off (R.V.), their points broken, and their power to hurt destroyed. (2) It may be God (as in Psalms 7:12 f.); when He aimeth His…

Read Cambridge on Psalms 58 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Let them melt away as waters which run continually - Let them vanish or disappear as waters that flow off, or floods that run by, and are no more seen.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 58 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

May they vanish like water that runs off; when they draw the bow, may their arrows be blunted.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Let them vanish like water that flows away. When they draw the bow, let their arrows be made blunt.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

May they vanish like water that runs off; when they draw the bow, may their arrows be blunted.

NETBNew English Translation2006

Let them disappear like water that flows away! Let them wither like grass!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Let them melt away as waters which run continually: when he bendeth his bow to shoot his arrows, let them be as cut in pieces.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Let them melt away as water that runneth apace: When he aimeth his arrows, let them be as though they were cut off.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Let them melt away as water that runneth apace: when he aimeth his arrows, let them be as though they were cut off.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Let them melt away as waters which run continually: when he bendeth his bow to shoot his arrows, let them be as cut in pieces.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Let them melt like the waters, let them passe away: when hee shooteth his arrowes, let them be as broken.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Let them melt away as waters that flow off; when he aimeth his arrows, let them be as blunted:

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

They are melted as waters, They go up and down for themselves, His arrow proceedeth as they cut themselves off.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

They are melted as waters, || They go up and down for themselves, || His arrow proceeds as they cut themselves off.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(58:8) Let them melt away as water [which] runneth off: when each one bendeth [his bow to shoot] his arrows, let them be as if cut in pieces.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

Let them melt away as water that runs off; when they shoot their arrows, let them be as though they had no points.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

They shall return at evening, and shall suffer hunger like dogs: and shall go round about the city.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

May they vanish like water that flows away; when they shoot their arrows may they miss their mark.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Let them be turned to liquid like the ever-flowing waters; let them be cut off like the grass by the way.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbיִמָּאֲס֣וּmay.they.flowprepositional phrase · prepositionalכְמוֹlikenoun phraseמַ֭יִםwatersclauseverbיִתְהַלְּכוּ[which].they.go.aboutprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָ֑(forמוֹthemselvesclauseverbיִדְרֹ֥ךְmay.he.bendclauseclausenoun phrase · subjectחִ֝צָּ֗יarrowsוhisclauseכְּמ֣וֹlikeclauseverbיִתְמֹלָֽלוּlet.them.be.cut.off

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree in meaning, though the Septuagint's word order and choice of terms differ. The Hebrew text's focus on the actions and fate of the wicked is preserved, while the Greek emphasizes God's role in their destruction.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

יִמָּאֲס֣וּ כְמוֹ־ מַ֭יִם יִתְהַלְּכוּ־ לָ֑מוֹ יִדְרֹ֥ךְ חִ֝צָּ֗יו כְּמ֣וֹ יִתְמֹלָֽלוּ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
יִמָּאֲס֣וּθεὸςכְמוֹ־συνέτριψενלָ֑מוֹστόματιחִ֝צָּ֗יוλεόντωνכְּמ֣וֹσυνέθλασενיִתְמֹלָֽלוּ׃κύριος

6 of the 9 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 58:7מָאַסmay they flmay they flowמָאַסכְּמוֹlikelikeכְּמוֹמַיwaterswatersמַיהָלַךְ[which] the[which] they goהָלַךְהֶםthemselvesthemselvesהֶםדָּרַךְmay he bendmay he bendדָּרַךְחֵץarrows hisarrows hisחֵץכְּמוֹlikelikeכְּמוֹמוּלlet them belet them be cutמוּלכֵּןrightrightכֵּןחָצַץto divideto divideחָצַץהָלַךְto walkto walkהָלַךְחֹ֫מֶרclayclayחֹ֫מֶריַעַןbecausebecauseיַעַןרָחַץto wash: wto wash: washרָחַץשָׁתָהto drinkto drinkשָׁתָהדֶּ֫רֶךְway: roadway: roadדֶּ֫רֶךְחֻקָּהstatutestatuteחֻקָּההֵידָדshoutshoutהֵידָדיֶ֫קֶבwinewineיֶ֫קֶבשָׁנַןto sharpento sharpenשָׁנַןבָּרַקto use ligto use lightninבָּרַקעָרְלָהforeskinforeskinעָרְלָהזָכָרmalemaleזָכָר
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 58:7

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

may they flow like waters [which] they go about themselves may he bend arrows his like let them be cut off
יִמָּאֲס֣וּyi.ma.'a.Su may they flow H3988 Verb · Niphal · imperfect third person masculine plural
76× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To spurn or reject something is what this Hebrew word means. In Genesis 37:35, it is used to describe how Jacob felt when his sons told him Joseph had died.
Tyndale gloss
to reject
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מָאַס (ma'ac) is a Hebrew verb primarily meaning to reject or despise. It can also denote the action of flowing or running in its Niph'al form. The entries highlight its usage in contexts of refusal and disdain, with no significant disagreement among lexicons regarding its meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מָאַס] vb. reject

Qal

reject, refuse

despise

Niph. be rejected

base

[מָאַס] vb. Niph. flow, run

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3988a מָאַס reject H3988b מָאַס Niph. flow, run

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3988 ma'ac maw-as'

a primitive root; to spurn; also (intransitively) to

disappear:--abhor, cast away (off), contemn, despise, disdain,

(become) loathe(some), melt away, refuse, reject, reprobate, X

utterly, vile person.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מָאַס (ma.as) — to reject.

1) to reject, despise, refuse

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to reject, refuse

1a2) to despise

1b) (Niphal) to be rejected

מָאַס (ma.as) — to flow.

(Niphal) to flow, run

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVNi3mp — Verb · Niphal · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVNi3mp
may they flow like waters [which] they go about themselves may he bend arrows his like let them be cut off
כְמוֹ־khe.mov- like H3644 Preposition
143× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means like or as, used to compare things. It appears in the Bible to describe similarities or to make comparisons, such as in the book of Psalms.
Tyndale gloss
like
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כְּמוֹ (kemo) is an adverb and conjunction meaning 'like' or 'as,' often used to draw comparisons or indicate similarity. It can also mean 'when' or 'according to.' The word is derived from a pleonastic form of the prefix כְּ (k-) and is related to the word מוֹ (mo). There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3644 כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3644 kmow kem-o'

or kamow {kaw-mo'}; a form of the prefix "k-", but used

separately (compare 3651); as, thus, so:--according to, (such)

as (it were, well as), in comparison of, like (as, to, unto),

thus, when, worth.

see HEBREW for 03651

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — like.

adv

1) like, as, the like of which

conj

2) when, according as, as it were

כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — (Geruth) Chimham.

Combined with ge.rut (גֵּרוּת "Geruth" H1628)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR — Preposition
HR
may they flow like waters [which] they go about themselves may he bend arrows his like let them be cut off
מַ֭יִםMa.yim waters H4325 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
581× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means water, referring to a liquid or a source of refreshment. It appears in the Bible as a literal and figurative term, including references to wasting or urine. The word is used in various contexts, such as in Genesis and Leviticus.
Tyndale gloss
Water (Gate)
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מַי (mayim) is a Hebrew word meaning 'water' and is used in the plural form. It encompasses various meanings, including literal water, urine, and metaphorical uses related to refreshment or danger. The entries indicate it is derived from a primitive noun and is primarily referenced in contexts involving water.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מַי] 580 n.m. only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4325 מַי only pl. מַ֫יִם waters, water

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4325 mayim mah'-yim

dual of a primitive noun (but used in a singular sense);

water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen:--+

piss, wasting, water(-ing, (-course, -flood, -spring)).

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מַי (ma.yim) — water.

1) water, waters

1a) water

1b) water of the feet, urine

1c) of danger, violence, transitory things, refreshment (fig.)

מַי (ma.yim) — Water (Gate).

This name means water, refreshment

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpa — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wo'-terz (mayim, plural of may, "water"; in the New Testament hudor, "water"; kindunois potamon (2Co 11:26), the King James Version "perils of waters," is in the Revised Version (British and American) "perils of rivers"): In the New Testament there is frequent reference to the water of baptism. Pilate washes his hands with water to signify his guiltlessness. Jesus tells the Samaritan woman of the living water. The Lamb shall guide the redeemed unto fountains of waters of life.

The uses of mayim are well classified in BDB, especially the figurative references, as follows: a symbol of distress, "when thou passest through the waters" (Isa 43:2); of force, "like the breach of waters" (2Sa 5:20); of that which is overwhelming, "a…

may they flow like waters [which] they go about themselves may he bend arrows his like let them be cut off
יִתְהַלְּכוּ־yit.ha.le.khu- [which] they go about H1980 Verb · Hithpael · imperfect third person masculine plural
1,549× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Means to walk or go, used in many different contexts in the Bible. It can describe physical movement, but also spiritual or emotional journeys. Appears in various forms, such as 'to go' or 'to walk'.
Tyndale gloss
to go: walk
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

הָלַךְ (halak) means 'to go,' 'come,' or 'walk,' and covers a wide range of literal and figurative uses, including aspects of life and death. It can describe physical movement, moral conduct, and even influence on character. The verb appears in various forms, such as Qal, Piel, and Hithpael, indicating different nuances like leading or traversing.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָלַךְ 1546 vb. go, come, walk

Qal Impf. usually (629 t.) as if from ילך

lit.

of persons

Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations

in like manner of inanimate things

The inf. abs. is often used

as in other vbs., quite independently

to intensify meaning of finite form

most noteworthy is the joining of the Inf. abs.

with a following Inf. abs. denoting a simutaneous action or process, and so emphasizing duration or continuance

with a foll. vb. fin. c. ו consec. (rare)

in cases where vb. fin. is foll. by Inf. abs. adj. denoting progress, advance

twice, where vb. fin. is not הלך, but another vb. denoting motion

quite by itself

13 t. the Inf. abs. = Imv. & is followed by Pf. consec.

akin to the use of Inf. abs. are some instances of Pt.

In combination with other verbal forms

Fig.; the most common uses follow; in most the origin in a literal meaning is evident:

pass away, die

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1980 הָלַךְ go, come, walk .Impf. usually (629 t.) as if from ילך . lit. . of persons

. Also of animals, in similar meanings and combinations

. in like manner of inanimate things

. The inf. abs. is often used . as in other vbs., quite independently

. to intensify meaning of finite form

. most noteworthy is the joining of the Inf. abs. . with a following Inf. abs. denoting a simutaneous action or process, and so emphasizing duration or continuance

. with a foll. vb. fin. c. ו consec. (rare)

. in cases where vb. fin. is foll. by Inf. abs. + adj. denoting progress, advance

. twice, where vb. fin. is not הלך, but another vb. denoting motion

. quite by itself

. 13 t. the Inf. abs. = Imv. & is followed by Pf. consec.

. akin to the use of Inf. abs. are some instances of Pt.

. In combination with other verbal forms

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1980 halak haw-lak'

akin to 3212; a primitive root; to walk (in a great variety

of applications, literally and figuratively):--(all) along,

apace, behave (self), come, (on) continually, be conversant,

depart, + be eased, enter, exercise (self), + follow, forth,

forward, get, go (about, abroad, along, away, forward, on,

out, up and down), + greater, grow, be wont to haunt, lead,

march, X more and more, move (self), needs, on, pass (away),

be at the point, quite, run (along), + send, speedily, spread,

still, surely, + tale-bearer, + travel(-ler), walk (abroad,

on, to and fro, up and down, to places), wander, wax,

(way-)faring man, X be weak, whirl.

see HEBREW for 03212

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: went.

: went/go[away]

1) to go, walk, come

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away

1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to walk

1b2) to walk (fig.)

1c) (Hithpael)

1c1) to traverse

1c2) to walk about

1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk

הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: come.

: come[nearer]

1) to go, walk, come

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away

1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to walk

1b2) to walk (fig.)

1c) (Hithpael)

1c1) to traverse

1c2) to walk about

1d) (Niphal) to lead, bring, lead away, carry, cause to walk

הָלַךְ (ha.lakh) — to go: walk.

: walk/move

1) to go, walk, come

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to go, walk, come, depart, proceed, move, go away

1a2) to die, live, manner of life (fig.)

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to walk

1b2) to walk (fig.)

1c) (Hithpael)

1c1) to traverse

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVti3mp — Verb · Hithpael · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVti3mp
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

a-bout': The use of this word as a preposition, in the sense of "around," is confined to the Old Testament. In the New Testament, generally an adverb, for Greek hos or "hosei." The Revised Version (British and American) adopts it in several idiomatic translations of mello, referring to what is about to be, i.e. on the point of occurring, or immediately impending, amending the King James Version, in Ac 5:35; 27:2; Re 12:4, etc.

may they flow like waters [which] they go about themselves may he bend arrows his like let them be cut off
לָ֑מוֹla.mo themselves H9038 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הֶם (hem) — them.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine plural

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp3mp — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp3mp
may they flow like waters [which] they go about themselves may he bend arrows his like let them be cut off
יִדְרֹ֥ךְyid.Rokh may he bend H1869 Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
62× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To tread means to walk or step on something, and is used in the Bible to describe various actions, such as treading a press or leading an army. In Exodus 15:6 and Psalm 60:12, the word is used to describe God's power and leadership, highlighting His ability to guide and direct His people.
Tyndale gloss
to tread
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דָּרַךְ (darakh) is a Hebrew verb meaning to tread or march. It encompasses a range of actions including walking, leading, and bending a bow. The word appears in various forms, such as Qal and Hiphil, indicating both simple and causative actions. Notably, it can refer to treading down or guiding others.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דָּרַךְ vb. tread, march

Qal

tread, march, march forth

tread upon

tread wine- (or oil-) press

tread (i.e. bend) the bow

Hiph.

tread, tread down

tread (bend) the bow

causat. cause to tread or march, lead

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1869 דָּרַךְ tread, march

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1869 darak daw-rak'

a primitive root; to tread; by implication, to walk; also to

string a bow (by treading on it in bending):--archer, bend,

come, draw, go (over), guide, lead (forth), thresh, tread

(down), walk.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דָּרַךְ (da.rakh) — to tread.

1) to tread, bend, lead, march

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to tread, march, march forth

1a2) to tread on, tread upon

1a3) to tread (a press)

1a4) to tread (bend) a bow

1a5) archer, bow-benders (participle)

1b) (Hiphil)

1b1) to tread, tread down

1b2) to tread (bend with the foot) a bow

1b3) to cause to go, lead, march, tread

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqi3ms — Verb · Qal · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVqi3ms
may they flow like waters [which] they go about themselves may he bend arrows his like let them be cut off
חִ֝צָּ֗יוchi.Tzav arrows his H2671 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
53× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
An arrow is a sharp object shot from a bow, used for hunting or battle, like those used by archers in the book of Judges. It can also symbolize God's powerful judgment.
Tyndale gloss
arrow
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֵץ (chets) means 'arrow,' primarily found in poetic and prophetic contexts. It is derived from a root meaning 'to pierce' and can imply a wound or refer to a thunderbolt in a figurative sense. The word also encompasses related terms like 'dart' and 'shaft,' indicating its use in various forms of weaponry.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חֵץ n.m. arrow, mostly poet. and proph.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2671 חֵץ arrow, mostly poet. and proph.

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2671 chets khayts

from 2686; properly, a piercer, i.e. an arrow; by

implication, a wound; figuratively, (of God) thunder-bolt; (by

interchange for 6086) the shaft of a spear:--+ archer, arrow,

dart, shaft, staff, wound.

see HEBREW for 02686

see HEBREW for 06086

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֵץ (chets) — arrow.

arrow

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpc/Sp3ms — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp3ms
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

hiz: Used often in the King James Version with reference to a neuter or inanimate thing, or to a lower animal (Ge 1:11, "after his kind"; Le 1:16, "pluck away his crop"; Ac 12:10, "of his own accord"; 1Co 15:38, "his own body"), etc. the Revised Version (British and American) substitutes "its."

may they flow like waters [which] they go about themselves may he bend arrows his like let them be cut off
כְּמ֣וֹke.Mo like H3644 Preposition
143× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word means like or as, used to compare things. It appears in the Bible to describe similarities or to make comparisons, such as in the book of Psalms.
Tyndale gloss
like
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כְּמוֹ (kemo) is an adverb and conjunction meaning 'like' or 'as,' often used to draw comparisons or indicate similarity. It can also mean 'when' or 'according to.' The word is derived from a pleonastic form of the prefix כְּ (k-) and is related to the word מוֹ (mo). There are no significant disagreements among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3644 כְּמוֹ adv. and conj. like, as, when (lit. the like of what (viz.) …, a pleon. form of כְּ (v. מוֹ), and, like it, prop. a subst.)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3644 kmow kem-o'

or kamow {kaw-mo'}; a form of the prefix "k-", but used

separately (compare 3651); as, thus, so:--according to, (such)

as (it were, well as), in comparison of, like (as, to, unto),

thus, when, worth.

see HEBREW for 03651

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — like.

adv

1) like, as, the like of which

conj

2) when, according as, as it were

כְּמוֹ (ke.mo) — (Geruth) Chimham.

Combined with ge.rut (גֵּרוּת "Geruth" H1628)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR — Preposition
HR
may they flow like waters [which] they go about themselves may he bend arrows his like let them be cut off
יִתְמֹלָֽלוּ׃yit.mo.La.lu let them be cut off H4135 Verb · Hithpael · imperfect third person masculine plural
37× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Circumcision is the literal meaning of this word, but it can also imply destruction or cutting off. In Genesis 17:10, God commands Abraham to circumcise all males as a sign of covenant. It represents a physical and spiritual separation.
Tyndale gloss
to circumcise
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מוּל (muwl) is a Hebrew verb meaning to circumcise, with various forms indicating different grammatical aspects, such as being circumcised or causing circumcision. It also carries connotations of cutting off or destruction. The entries note its use in contexts like Joshua 5:2 and Genesis 17:11, where it specifically refers to the act of circumcision.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מוּל] vb. circumcise

Qal circumcise

Niph. be circumcised

Hiph. in the name of י׳, yea I will make them to be circumcised

Hithp. be cut off, of arrows, i.e. made blunt.

base

[מָלַל] vb. circumcise

Qal Jos 5:2.

Niph. Gn 17:11

Hithpo. be cut off: ψ 58:8.

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4135a מוּל circumcise H4135b מָלַל circumcise

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4135 muwl mool

a primitive root; to cut short, i.e. curtail (specifically

the prepuce, i.e. to circumcise); by implication, to blunt;

figuratively, to destroy:--circumcise(-ing), selves), cut

down (in pieces), destroy, X must needs.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מוּל (mul) — to circumcise.

1) to circumcise, let oneself be circumcised, cut, be cut off

1a) (Qal) to circumcise

1b) (Niphal) to be circumcised, circumcise oneself

1c) (Hiphil) to cause to be circumcised

1c1) of destruction (fig.)

1d) (Hithpolel) to be cut off

1e) (Polel) cut down

מָלַל (ma.lal) — to circumcise.

1) to circumcise

1a) (Qal)

1b) (Niphal)

2) (Hithpolel) to be cut off

Also means: mul (מוּל "to circumcise" H4135A)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVti3mp — Verb · Hithpael · imperfect third person masculine plural
HVti3mp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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