Psalms 57:8 — Word Study
WLCע֤וּרָה כְבוֹדִ֗י ע֭וּרָֽה הַנֵּ֥בֶל וְכִנּ֗וֹר אָעִ֥ירָה שָּֽׁחַר׃
BSAto establishkûwn heartlêb Godʼĕlôhîym to establishkûwn heartlêb to singshîyr to singzâmar
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| ע֤וּרָה | awake ! | Verb qal imperative second person masculine singular, suffix |
| כְבוֹדִ֗י | O honor my | Noun common both singular construct, suffix |
| ע֭וּרָֽה | awake ! | Verb qal imperative second person masculine singular, suffix |
| הַנֵּ֥בֶל | O lyre | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| וְכִנּ֗וֹר | and harp | Conjunction, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| אָעִ֥ירָה | I will waken | Verb, Hiphil, infinitive construct first person common singular |
| שָּֽׁחַר׃ | [the] dawn | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Awake, my glory! Awake, O harp and lyre! I will awaken the dawn. |
| KJV | Awake up, my glory; awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake early. |
| ASV | Awake up, my glory; awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake right early. |
| YLT | Awake, mine honour, awake, psaltery and harp, I awake the morning dawn. |
| WEB | Wake up, my glory! Wake up, lute and harp! I will wake up the dawn. |
| BBE | You are my glory; let the instruments of music be awake; I myself will be awake with the dawn. |
Where they part company is in the interpretation of ע֤וּרָה — see How Translations Differ.
The verse has a main call to awaken, followed by a specific call to instruments, and concludes with the psalmist's intention, creating a clear structure of invocation.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbH5782
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 57:8
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Call to Worshipgenerated
Psalm 57:8 is a passionate plea from the psalmist to awaken his glory and the instruments of worship. This verse is part of a larger context where the psalmist expresses his steadfast heart and desire to sing praises to God among the nations, reflecting a deep commitment to worship even in challenging times.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Judges 5:12 | ‘Awake, awake, O Deborah! Awake, awake, sing a song! Arise, O Barak, and take hold of your captives, O son of Abinoam!’ |
| 2 | Isaiah 52:1–9 | Awake, awake, clothe yourself with strength, O Zion! Put on your garments of splendor, O Jerusalem, holy city! For the uncircumcised and unclean will no longer enter you. |
| 3 | Psalm 16:9 | Therefore my heart is glad and my tongue rejoices; my body also will dwell securely. |
| 4 | Psalm 30:12 | that my heart may sing Your praises and not be silent. O LORD my God, I will give thanks forever. |
| 5 | Psalm 108:1–3 | My heart is steadfast, O God; I will sing and make music with all my being. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — ע֤וּרָה, 'U.rahgenerated
The word ע֤וּרָה ('U.rah) is a verb in the imperative form, calling for action. It means 'to awaken' or 'to rouse', indicating a stirring from rest or inactivity. The psalmist uses this term to invite both his own spirit and his musical instruments to participate in the act of worship.
This word is often associated with a sense of urgency and excitement, suggesting that awakening is not just a physical act but also a spiritual and emotional one. It emphasizes the importance of being alert and ready to engage in worship.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, which uses Awake for ע֤וּרָה.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse contains a series of calls to action, centered around the finite verb אָעִ֥ירָה ('a.'I.rah), meaning 'I will awaken'. This verb governs the entire structure, with the subject and objects following it.
The psalmist first calls his glory to awaken, then addresses the instruments, and finally declares his intention to awaken the dawn, creating a rhythm of invocation and purpose.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew ע֤וּרָה is rendered as καρδία (kardia), meaning 'heart'. This choice emphasizes the internal aspect of awakening, suggesting a focus on the psalmist's inner being rather than merely the physical act of waking.
This translation reflects a broader interpretation, indicating that the awakening is not just about the physical instruments but also about stirring the heart and spirit.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 57:8 is a call for awakening, where the psalmist urges his own glory and musical instruments to wake up and greet the dawn. This reflects a desire for active worship and engagement with God, highlighting the importance of being ready to praise.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
The 'glory' refers to the psalmist's inner self, encompassing his heart and spirit, which he calls to awaken in worship.
Musical instruments are integral to worship in the Psalms, symbolizing joy and celebration in praising God.
Awakening the dawn signifies a new beginning and the hope that comes with each day, reflecting the psalmist's desire for renewal and praise.
This verse encapsulates the theme of steadfastness in worship, showing the psalmist's commitment to glorifying God despite circumstances.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways can I awaken my own spirit to engage more fully in worship?
- How can music enhance my experience of connecting with God?
- What new beginnings or hopes do I see in my life that I can celebrate?
- How does the act of praising God help me remain steadfast in my faith?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers, like Augustine, reference this psalm to discuss the preparation of the heart in worship, highlighting its significance in spiritual reflection.
But the patience of good men with preparation of heart accepts the will of God: and glories in tribulations, saying that which follows: "Prepared is my heart, O God,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 57 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 57:8 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleAwake up, my glory,.... Meaning his soul, whom Jacob calls his honour, Genesis 49:6; it being the most honourable, glorious, and excellent part of man; is the breath of God, of his immediate
Read John Gill on Psalms 57 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryMy heart is fixed, O God, my heart is fixed: I will sing and give praise. -Determination to praise God. Verse 7. My heart is fixed, O God, my heart is fixed - literally, prepared, established.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 57 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleMy glory; either, 1. My soul; or rather, 2. My tongue, the instrument of singing, which he was now about to do, ,9. I myself will awake early; I will rouse up and employ all the powers of my soul and body to set forth God’ s praises.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 57 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 57:8 Awake up, my glory; awake, psaltery and harp: I [myself] will awake early.Ver. 8. Awake up, my glory] He rouseth himself out of his natural drowsiness, as Samson once went forth and shook himself. I myself will awake early] Or, I will awaken the morning, as the cock, by his early crowing, is said to do. Non vigil ales ibi cristati cantibus oris Evocat auroram - (Ovid. Metam. lib. 11).
Read John Trapp on Psalms 57 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(8) My glory.—See Note, Psalms 7:5. I myself will awake early.—Perhaps, rather, I will rouse the dawn. Comp Ovid. Met. xi. 597, where the cock is said evocare Auroram; and Milton, still more nearly: “Oft listening how the hounds and horn, Cheerily rouse the slumbering morn”—L’Allegro.)
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 57 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 8. Awake up, my glory] Instead of כבודי kebodi, "my glory," one MS., and the Syriac, have כנורי kinnori, "my harp." Dr. Kennicott reads כבורי kebori, which he supposes to be some instrument of music; and adds that the instrument used in church-music by the Ethiopians is now called כבר kaber. I think the Syriac likely to be the true reading: "Awake up, my harp; awake, psaltery and harp: I will awake early." Such repetitions are frequent in the Hebrew poets. If we read my glory, it may refer either to his tongue; or, which is more likely, to his skill in composition, and in playing on different instruments. The five last verses of this Psalm are nearly the same with the five first…
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 57 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges8. Awake up] A common summons to action. Cp. Judges 5:12; Isaiah 51:9; Isaiah 51:17; Isaiah 52:1. my glory] So the soul is designated, either as the noblest part of man, or as the image of the divine glory. Cp. Psalms 7:5; Psalms 16:9; Psalms 30:12. psaltery and harp] Stringed instruments, often coupled together (Psalms 33:2; 1 Samuel 10:5; 2 Samuel 6:5; 1 Kings 10:12; Isaiah 5:12). I myself will awake early] Better, as R.V. marg., I will awake the dawn. A bold and beautiful poetical figure. The dawn is often personified (Job 41:18; Psalms 139:9). Usually it is the dawn that awakes men: he will awake the dawn by his praises before daylight. Cp. Milton, L’Allegro, l. 53, “Oft listening how…
Read Cambridge on Psalms 57 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleAwake up, my glory - By the word “glory” here some understand the tongue; others understand the soul itself, as the glory of man.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 57 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Awake, my glory! Awake, O harp and lyre! I will awaken the dawn.
Wake up, my glory! Wake up, lute and harp! I will wake up the dawn.
Awake, my glory! Awake, O harp and lyre! I will awaken the dawn.
Awake, my soul! Awake, O stringed instrument and harp! I will wake up at dawn!
Tyndale line
Awake up, my glory; awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake early.
Awake up, my glory; awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake right early.
Awake up, my glory; awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake right early.
Awake, my glory; awake, psaltery and harp: I myself will awake early.
Awake my tongue, awake viole and harpe: I wil awake early.
Strictly literal
Awake, my glory; awake, lute and harp: I will wake the dawn.
Awake, mine honour, awake, psaltery and harp, I awake the morning dawn.
Awake, my glory, awake, stringed instrument and harp, || I awake the morning dawn.
(57:9) Awake, my spirit; awake, psaltery and harp: I will wake up the morning-dawn.
Wake up, my honored heart; wake up, lute and harp; I will wake up the dawn.
From the Latin
They shall come to nothing, like water running down; he hath bent his bow till they be weakened.
Simplified
I say to myself, “Wake up!” Wake up, harp and lyre! I will wake up the dawn!
You are my glory; let the instruments of music be awake; I myself will be awake with the dawn.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text presents the verse as ע֤וּרָה כְבוֹדִ֗י ע֭וּרָֽה הַנֵּ֥בֶל וְכִנּ֗וֹר אָעִ֥ירָה שָּֽׁחַר׃. The Septuagint matches five of the seven Hebrew words, indicating a strong agreement between the two texts, though the word order and some specific terms differ.
ע֤וּרָה כְבוֹדִ֗י ע֭וּרָֽה הַנֵּ֥בֶל וְכִנּ֗וֹר אָעִ֥ירָה שָּֽׁחַר׃
5 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 57:8
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
עוּר (uwr) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rouse or awaken. It encompasses various forms, including to rouse oneself, be incited, or act in an excited manner. The entries suggest a range of uses from literal waking to figurative stirring up of emotions or actions, with different grammatical forms indicating nuances in meaning.
[עוּר] vb. rouse oneself, awake
Qal rouse oneself to activity
Niph. be roused; be incited to activity
Pō‛l. rouse, incite to activity
Pilp. rouse (i.e. raise ?) a cry of destruction
Hithpō‛l. and I was (joyfully) excited, triumphant
Hiph.
rouse
declarative or exhibitive sense, act in an aroused manner, awake
base
H5782 [עוּר] rouse oneself, awake
5782 `uwr oor
a primitive root (rather identical with 5783 through the idea
of opening the eyes); to wake (literally or
figuratively):--(a- )wake(-n, up), lift up (self), X master,
raise (up), stir up (self).
see HEBREW for 05783
עוּר (ur) — to rouse.
1) to rouse oneself, awake, awaken, incite
1a) (Qal) to rouse oneself, awake
1b) (Niphal) to be roused
1c) (Polel) to stir up, rouse, incite
1d) (Hithpolel) to be excited, be triumphant
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to rouse, stir up
1e2) to act in an aroused manner, awake
HVqv2ms/Sh — Verb qal imperative second person masculine singular · suffixHVqv2ms/Sh
a-wak' yaqats, ("to waken"; `ur, "to rouse up" from sleep; egeiro, "to arouse from sleep"): The ordinary terms for awaking from natural slumber: as of Jacob at Bethel (Ge 28:16); of Solomon at Gibeon (1Ki 3:15); of Jesus in the storm-tossed boat (Lu 8:24).
Used figure with striking effect of awaking from mental, moral and spiritual sleep: as when Deborah calls upon herself to awake to the fervor and eloquence of poetry (Jud 5:12); of Zion's awaking to moral vigor and beauty (Isa 52:1); of waking from spiritual death (Eph 5:14); from the grave in resurrection (
כָּבוֹד (kabowd) refers to concepts of abundance, honour, and glory. It encompasses external splendor, dignity of position, and reputation, as well as the inner nobility of a person. The term can denote both the weightiness of glory and the reverence due to someone. The entries consistently emphasize its positive connotations.
כָּבוֹד n.m. and f. abundance, honour, glory
abundance, riches
honour, splendor, glory, of external condition and circumstances
honour, dignity of position
honour, reputation, of character
my honour, poet. of the seat of honour in the inner man, the noblest part of man
honour, reverence, glory, as due to one or ascribed to one
glory as the object, of honour, reverence and glorifying
base
H3519 כָּבוֹד abundance, honour, glory . abundance, riches
. honour, splendor, glory, of external condition and circumstances
. honour, dignity of position
. honour, reputation, of character
. my honour, poet. of the seat of honour in the inner man, the noblest part of man
. honour, reverence, glory, as due to one or ascribed to one
. glory as the object, of honour, reverence and glorifying
3519 kabowd kaw-bode'
rarely kabod {kaw-bode'}; from 3513; properly, weight, but
only figuratively in a good sense, splendor or
copiousness:--glorious(-ly), glory, honour(-able).
see HEBREW for 03513
כָּבוֹד (ka.vod) — glory.
1) glory, honour, glorious, abundance
1a) abundance, riches
1b) honour, splendour, glory
1c) honour, dignity
1d) honour, reputation
1e) honour, reverence, glory
1f) glory
HNcbsc/Sp1ms — Noun common both singular construct · suffixHNcbsc/Sp1ms
עוּר (uwr) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rouse or awaken. It encompasses various forms, including to rouse oneself, be incited, or act in an excited manner. The entries suggest a range of uses from literal waking to figurative stirring up of emotions or actions, with different grammatical forms indicating nuances in meaning.
[עוּר] vb. rouse oneself, awake
Qal rouse oneself to activity
Niph. be roused; be incited to activity
Pō‛l. rouse, incite to activity
Pilp. rouse (i.e. raise ?) a cry of destruction
Hithpō‛l. and I was (joyfully) excited, triumphant
Hiph.
rouse
declarative or exhibitive sense, act in an aroused manner, awake
base
H5782 [עוּר] rouse oneself, awake
5782 `uwr oor
a primitive root (rather identical with 5783 through the idea
of opening the eyes); to wake (literally or
figuratively):--(a- )wake(-n, up), lift up (self), X master,
raise (up), stir up (self).
see HEBREW for 05783
עוּר (ur) — to rouse.
1) to rouse oneself, awake, awaken, incite
1a) (Qal) to rouse oneself, awake
1b) (Niphal) to be roused
1c) (Polel) to stir up, rouse, incite
1d) (Hithpolel) to be excited, be triumphant
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to rouse, stir up
1e2) to act in an aroused manner, awake
HVqv2ms/Sh — Verb qal imperative second person masculine singular · suffixHVqv2ms/Sh
a-wak' yaqats, ("to waken"; `ur, "to rouse up" from sleep; egeiro, "to arouse from sleep"): The ordinary terms for awaking from natural slumber: as of Jacob at Bethel (Ge 28:16); of Solomon at Gibeon (1Ki 3:15); of Jesus in the storm-tossed boat (Lu 8:24).
Used figure with striking effect of awaking from mental, moral and spiritual sleep: as when Deborah calls upon herself to awake to the fervor and eloquence of poetry (Jud 5:12); of Zion's awaking to moral vigor and beauty (Isa 52:1); of waking from spiritual death (Eph 5:14); from the grave in resurrection (
נֵ֫בֶל (nevel) refers to both a container and a musical instrument. It can denote a skin-bottle or jar used for liquids, as well as a harp or lute. The word is derived from a root meaning to collapse, reflecting its use for a flexible container. The entries consistently highlight these two main meanings without significant disagreement.
נֵ֫בֶל n.m.
skin-bottle, skin
jar, pitcher
base
נֵ֫בֶל, נֶ֫בֶל n.m. a musical instrument, either a portable harp, or a lute, guitar
base
H5035a נֵ֫בֶל . skin-bottle, skin
. jar, pitcher
H5035b נֵ֫בֶל, נֶ֫בֶל a musical instrument, either a portable harp, or a lute, guitar
5035 nebel neh'-bel
or nebel {nay'-bel}; from 5034; a skin-bag for liquids (from
collapsing when empty); hence, a vase (as similar in shape
when full); also a lyre (as having a body of like
form):--bottle, pitcher, psaltery, vessel, viol.
see HEBREW for 05034
נֵ֫בֶל (ne.vel) — bag.
1) a skin-bag, jar, pitcher
1a) skin-bottle, skin
1b) jar, pitcher (earthen)
נֵ֫בֶל (ne.vel) — harp.
harp, lute, guitar, musical instrument
HTd/Ncmsa — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
כִּנּוֹר (kinnor) refers to a lyre or harp, derived from a root meaning to twang. The term is consistently used across lexicons to denote this stringed musical instrument.
כִּנּוֹר n.m. lyre
base
H3658 כִּנּוֹר lyre
3658 kinnowr kin-nore'
from a unused root meaning to twang; a harp: -harp.
כִּנּוֹר (kin.nor) — lyre.
lyre, harp
HC/Ncmsa — Conjunction · noun common masculine singular absoluteHC/Ncmsa
harp.
See MUSIC.
Harp
(Heb. kinnor), the national instrument of the Hebrews. It was invented by Jubal (Gen. 4:21). Some think the word kinnor denotes the whole class of stringed instruments. It was used as an accompaniment to songs of cheerfulness as well as of praise to God (Gen. 31:27; 1 Sam. 16:23; 2 Chr. 20:28; Ps. 33:2; 137:2).
In Solomon’s time harps were made of almug-trees (1 Kings 10:11, 12). In 1 Chr. 15:21 mention is made of “harps on the Sheminith;” Revised Version, “harps set to the Sheminith;” better perhaps “harps…
The harp was the national instrument of the Hebrews, and was well known throughout Asia. Moses assigns its invention to Jubal during the antediluvian period. (Genesis 4:21) Josephus records that the harp had ten strings, and that it was played on with the plectrum. Sometimes it was smaller having only eight strings, and was usually played with the fingers.
Hebrew KINNOR, the most ancient and common stringed instrument of the Jews, more properly translated lyre. It was light and portable, and was used on joyful occasions, whether sacred or not. It was invented by Jubal, Ge 4:21 31:27 1Ch 16:5 25:1-5 Ps 81:2. David was a proficient in its use, 1Sa 16:16,23 18:10. The instrument most nearly resembling our harp was the Hebrew NEBEL, translated, psaltery in the Old Testament, Ps 57:8 81:2 92:3 108:2. It had a general triangular shape, and seven to twelve strings, Ps 33:2 144:9. It was played with the hand or with a short…
עוּר (uwr) is a Hebrew verb meaning to rouse or awaken. It encompasses various forms, including to rouse oneself, be incited, or act in an excited manner. The entries suggest a range of uses from literal waking to figurative stirring up of emotions or actions, with different grammatical forms indicating nuances in meaning.
[עוּר] vb. rouse oneself, awake
Qal rouse oneself to activity
Niph. be roused; be incited to activity
Pō‛l. rouse, incite to activity
Pilp. rouse (i.e. raise ?) a cry of destruction
Hithpō‛l. and I was (joyfully) excited, triumphant
Hiph.
rouse
declarative or exhibitive sense, act in an aroused manner, awake
base
H5782 [עוּר] rouse oneself, awake
5782 `uwr oor
a primitive root (rather identical with 5783 through the idea
of opening the eyes); to wake (literally or
figuratively):--(a- )wake(-n, up), lift up (self), X master,
raise (up), stir up (self).
see HEBREW for 05783
עוּר (ur) — to rouse.
1) to rouse oneself, awake, awaken, incite
1a) (Qal) to rouse oneself, awake
1b) (Niphal) to be roused
1c) (Polel) to stir up, rouse, incite
1d) (Hithpolel) to be excited, be triumphant
1e) (Hiphil)
1e1) to rouse, stir up
1e2) to act in an aroused manner, awake
HVhc1cs — Verb · Hiphil · infinitive construct first person common singularHVhc1cs
שַׁ֫חַר (shachar) means 'dawn' and can refer to both the literal time of day and figuratively or adverbially to concepts of early light or morning. It is derived from a related root, שָׁחַר (H7836), and is used in various contexts to denote the beginning of light.
שַׁ֫חַר n.m. dawn
base
H7837 שַׁ֫חַר dawn
7837 shachar shakh'-ar
from 7836; dawn (literal, figurative or
adverbial):--day(-spring), early, light, morning, whence
riseth.
see HEBREW for 07836
שַׁ֫חַר (sha.char) — dawn.
1) dawn
1a) dawn
1b) at dawn (as adverb)
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa