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Psalms 56:12 — Word Study

Depth

WLCעָלַ֣י אֱלֹהִ֣ים נְדָרֶ֑יךָ אֲשַׁלֵּ֖ם תּוֹדֹ֣ת לָֽךְ׃

BSAO Godʼĕlôhîym [Elohim, the one supreme God]

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 56
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 12 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (Lakh) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 56:12quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist expresses gratitude to God for His promises and vows to offer thank offerings.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, addressing God directly.
Where we areIn a context of trust and praise, reflecting on God's deliverance.
The hard wordנְדָרֶיךָ
Take awayThe psalmist acknowledges God's commitments and responds with offerings of thanks.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbמָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 56:12

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Declaration of Trust in Godgenerated

10In God, whose word I praise, in the LORD, whose word I praise,
11in God I trust; I will not be afraid. What can man do to me?
12Your vows are upon me, O God; I will render thank offerings to You.
13For You have delivered my soul from death, and my feet from stumbling, that I may walk before God in the light of life.

Psalm 56:12 expresses the psalmist's deep reliance on God, highlighting the importance of vows made to Him. The preceding verses establish a tone of trust, where the psalmist contrasts God's faithfulness with human threats. The declaration of thank offerings reflects a response to God's deliverance, as seen in verse 13, where the psalmist acknowledges God's saving acts.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 66:13–14I will enter Your house with burnt offerings; I will fulfill my vows to You—
2Psalm 76:11Make and fulfill your vows to the LORD your God; let all the neighboring lands bring tribute to Him who is to be feared.
3Psalm 116:14–19I will fulfill my vows to the LORD in the presence of all His people.
4Psalm 119:106I have sworn and confirmed that I will keep Your righteous judgments.
5Genesis 28:20–22Then Jacob made a vow, saying, “If God will be with me and watch over me on this journey, and if He will provide me with food to eat and clothes to wear,

The Key Word נְדָרֶיךָ, ne.da.Rei.khagenerated

The word נֶ֫דֶר (*neder*) refers to a vow, a solemn promise made to God. This term encompasses both the commitment itself and the act of fulfilling it, indicating a relationship of accountability between the individual and God. The parsing as a noun in the masculine plural construct with a suffix shows that the psalmist is referring to God's specific vows directed towards him.

In this verse, the psalmist acknowledges these vows as a significant part of his relationship with God, indicating a weight of responsibility and commitment. The act of rendering thank offerings is a natural response to recognizing God's promises.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse consists of a main clause with the finite verb אֲשַׁלֵּ֖ם, I will pay, which governs the subject and the object. The structure emphasizes the psalmist's commitment to fulfill his vows to God, with the prepositional phrase עָלַ֣י, upon me, indicating the weight of these vows.

The word order in Hebrew places the focus on the psalmist's action of paying thank offerings, suggesting a direct response to God's promises.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew נְדָרֶיךָ is rendered as φοβηθήσομαι, which suggests a shift in focus from the vow itself to a sense of fear or reverence. This choice may reflect an interpretation that emphasizes the seriousness of the psalmist's commitment to God.

The translation choices indicate a broader understanding of the psalmist's relationship with God, where the act of fulfilling vows is intertwined with reverence.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 56:12 shows the psalmist expressing gratitude to God for His promises. He acknowledges that God's vows are significant and commits to offering thank offerings in response. This reflects a relationship of trust and accountability, emphasizing the importance of fulfilling promises made to God.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the psalmist mean by 'Your vows are upon me'?

The psalmist acknowledges that God's promises and commitments weigh on him, indicating a sense of responsibility to fulfill his part in the relationship.

What are thank offerings?

Thank offerings are expressions of gratitude to God, often in the form of sacrifices or gifts, reflecting a heart of praise and worship.

How does this verse connect to the psalmist's trust in God?

The psalmist's acknowledgment of God's vows and his commitment to thank offerings demonstrate a deep trust in God's faithfulness and deliverance.

Why are vows important in the biblical context?

Vows are significant as they represent commitments made to God, reflecting a person's dedication and accountability in their relationship with Him.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. How can I recognize and respond to God's promises in my own life?
  2. What are some ways I can express gratitude to God for His faithfulness?
  3. In what areas of my life do I need to fulfill my commitments to God?
  4. How can understanding the significance of vows deepen my relationship with God?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers reference Psalm 56:12 to illustrate themes of praise and commitment to God, as seen in their writings.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 56 354–430
"In me, O God, are Your vows, which I will render of praise to You" [Psalms 56:12].
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 56 →
Gregory the DialogistForty Gospel Homilies, Homily 5 c. 540–604
For before the eyes of God the hand is never empty of a gift, if the treasury of the heart has been filled with good will. Hence the Psalmist says: In me, O God, are your vows which I shall pay, praises to you.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 56 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 56:12 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

Thy vows [are] upon me, O God,.... Which he had made to him in the time of his distress and trouble, and which he looked upon himself under obligation to perform; they were debts upon him he ought to

Read John Gill on Psalms 56 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

Thy vows are upon me, O God: I will render praises unto thee. Thy vows are upon me, O God.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 56 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

As I have prayed to thee, and am assured that thou wilt deliver me; so in confidence thereof I have made vows to express my gratitude to thee, and I acknowledge myself obliged and do resolve to perform them.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 56 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 56:12 Thy vows [are] upon me, O God: I will render praises unto thee.Ver. 12. Thy vows are upon me, O God] Sunt tua post, quam vovi (Arab.). I am a votary ever since I was at Gath, there and then I vowed, that if the Lord would vouchsafe to bring me out of that brake I would do as became a thankful man every way. And now I am Damnatus votorum, as the Latin expression is; vow I must, and pay to the Lord my God; Ecce ego Domine, Lord, I am ready, do thou but set me up an altar, and I will offer a sacrifice; restore me to thy sanctuary, and I will do it exactly, in the ceremonies and formalities thereof; meanwhile, mine heart and lips shall not be wanting to give thee praise in spirit…

Read John Trapp on Psalms 56 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(12) Thy vows—i.e., vows made to Thee, but the form is most unusual. For the thought comp. Psalms 22:25; Psalms 50:14. I will render—i.e., in fulfilment of the vows.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 56 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 12. Thy vows are upon me] I have promised in the most solemn manner to be thy servant; to give my whole life to thee; and to offer for my preservation sacrifices of praise and thanksgiving. Reader, what hast thou vowed to God? To renounce the devil and all his works, the pomps and vanities of this wicked world, and all the sinful desires of the flesh; to keep God's holy word and commandment, and to walk before him all the days of thy life. These things hast thou vowed; and these vows are upon thee. Wilt thou pay them?

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 56 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

12, 13. Concluding vows of thanksgiving.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 56 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

Thy vows are upon me, O God - The word “vow” means something promised; some obligation under which we have voluntarily brought ourselves.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 56 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

Your vows are upon me, O God; I will render thank offerings to You.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

Your vows are on me, God. I will give thank offerings to you.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

Your vows are upon me, O God; I will render thank offerings to You.

NETBNew English Translation2006

I am obligated to fulfill the vows I made to you, O God; I will give you the thank-offerings you deserve,

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

Thy vows are upon me, O God: I will render praises unto thee.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

Thy vows are upon me, O God: I will render thank-offerings unto thee.

RVARevised Version, American1894

Thy vows are upon me, O God: I will render thank offerings unto thee.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

Thy vows are upon me, O God: I will render praises to thee.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

Thy vowes are vpon me, O God: I will render prayses vnto thee.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

Thy vows are upon me, O God: I will render thanks unto thee.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

On me, O God, [are] Thy vows, I repay thank-offerings to Thee.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

On me, O God, [are] Your vows, || I repay thank-offerings to You.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(56:13) Upon me, O God, [rest] thy vows: I will pay thanksgiving offerings unto thee.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

The duty to fulfill my vows to you is on me, God; I will give thank offerings to you.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

Be thou exalted, O God, above the heavens: and thy glory above all the earth.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

God, I will keep my promises to you. I will give thank offerings to you,

BBEBible in Basic English1949

I keep the memory of my debt to you, O God; I will give you the offerings of praise.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseclauseאֱלֹהִ֣יםO.Godclauseprepositional phrase · predicateעָלַ֣[are].onיmenoun phrase · subjectנְדָרֶ֑יvowsךָyourclauseverbאֲשַׁלֵּ֖םI.will.payobjectתּוֹדֹ֣תthank-offeringsprepositional phrase · prepositionalלָֽtoךְyou

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of Psalm 56:12, with all six words matched in the Septuagint's translation. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of the verse's meaning across these ancient texts.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

עָלַ֣י אֱלֹהִ֣ים נְדָרֶ֑יךָ אֲשַׁלֵּ֖ם תּוֹדֹ֣ת לָֽךְ׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
עָלַ֣יθεῷאֱלֹהִ֣יםἤλπισαנְדָרֶ֑יךָφοβηθήσομαιאֲשַׁלֵּ֖םτίתּוֹדֹ֣תποιήσειלָֽךְ׃μοι

6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 56:12עַל[are] on me[are] on meעַלאֱלֹהִיםO GodO Godאֱלֹהִיםנֶ֫דֶרvows yourvows yourנֶ֫דֶרשָׁלֵםI will payI will payשָׁלֵםתּוֹדָהthank-offerthank-offeringsתּוֹדָהךְto youto youךְנָדַרto vowto vowנָדַריָדָהto give thto give thanksיָדָהעַלheightheightעַלאֱלֹהַּgodgodאֱלֹהַּכִּפֶּרto atoneto atoneכִּפֶּרכִּסֵּאthronethroneכִּסֵּאאַחֵרanotheranotherאַחֵראֲרוֹןarkarkאֲרוֹןאִסָּרinjunctioninjunctionאִסָּרנֶ֫דֶרvowvowנֶ֫דֶרזֶ֫בַחsacrificesacrificeזֶ֫בַחזָבַחto sacrifito sacrificeזָבַח
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 56:12

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

[are] on me O God vows your I will pay thank-offerings to you
עָלַ֣י'a.Lai [are] on me H5921 Preposition · suffix
5,774× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means on or above something, like a physical object or a situation. It can also imply a sense of responsibility or accountability, as in being on behalf of someone.
Tyndale gloss
upon
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word עַל (*al*) is a preposition meaning 'upon' and encompasses a wide range of meanings, including 'on account of,' 'beside,' 'above,' and 'against.' It can indicate physical placement, emotional burdens, or duties imposed on a person. The entries also note its use in idiomatic expressions and with verbs of motion. There is a mention of its function as a conjunction in certain contexts.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as

base

עַל, עָ֑ל

subst. height

As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed

of clothing, etc., which any one wears

With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5921a עַל, עָ֑ל . As prep. upon, and hence on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against . Upon, of the substratum upon which an object in any way rests, or on which an action is performed . — . of clothing, etc., which any one wears

. With verbs of covering or protecting, even though the cover or veil be not over or above the thing covered, but around or before it

. Of what rests heavily upon a person, or is a burden to him

. Of a duty, payment, care, etc., imposed upon a person, or devolving on him

. על is used idiom. to give pathos to the expression of an emotion, by emphasizing the person who is its subject, and who, as it were, feels it acting upon him

. חָיָה עַל to live upon (as upon a foundation or support)

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5921 `al al

properly, the same as 5920 used as a preposition (in the

singular or plural often with prefix, or as conjunction with a

particle following); above, over, upon, or against (yet always

in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great

variety of applications (as follow):--above, according

to(-ly), after, (as) against, among, and, X as, at, because

of, beside (the rest of), between, beyond the time, X both

and, by (reason of), X had the charge of, concerning for, in

(that), (forth, out) of, (from) (off), (up-)on, over, than,

through(-out), to, touching, X with.

see HEBREW for 05920

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עַל (al) — upon.

prep

1) upon, on the ground of, according to, on account of, on behalf of, concerning, beside, in addition to, together with, beyond, above, over, by, on to, towards, to, against

1a) upon, on the ground of, on the basis of, on account of, because of, therefore, on behalf of, for the sake of, for, with, in spite of, notwithstanding, concerning, in the matter of, as regards

1b) above, beyond, over (of excess)

1c) above, over (of elevation or pre-eminence)

1d) upon, to, over to, unto, in addition to, together with, with (of addition)

1e) over (of suspension or extension)

1f) by, adjoining, next, at, over, around (of contiguity or proximity)

1g) down upon, upon, on, from, up upon, up to, towards, over towards, to, against (with verbs of motion)

1h) to (as a dative)

[כִּי] עַל [כֵּן] ([ki] al [ken]) — as.

conj

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HRd/Sp1bs — Preposition · suffix
HRd/Sp1bs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
[are] on me O God vows your I will pay thank-offerings to you
אֱלֹהִ֣ים'E.lo.Him O God H430 Noun common · masculine plural absolute
2,603× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for God, elohim, refers to the one supreme God, and is sometimes used to show respect to judges or magistrates. It is also used to describe angels or mighty beings. This word is closely related to the name of the Lord, Yahweh, and is often translated as God or gods in the Bible.
Amplified meaning
Elohim, the one supreme God
Tyndale gloss
God
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֱלֹהִים (elohiym) is a plural noun meaning 'gods' or 'God,' often referring to the supreme deity in the Old Testament. It encompasses divine beings, rulers, and judges, reflecting divine majesty and power. The term can also denote angels and is used in a superlative sense. Notably, it is sometimes combined with יהוה (YHWH), the personal name of God.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֱלֹהִים 2570 n.m.pl.

pl. in number.

rulers, judges, either as divine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power

divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels

angels

gods

pl. intensive

god or goddess

godlike one

works of God, or things belongng to him

God

הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God

אֱלֹהִים = God

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H430 אֱלֹהִים n. m. pl. . pl. in number. . rulers, judges, either asdivine representatives at sacred places or as reflecting divine majesty and power

. divine ones, superhuman beings including God and angels

. angels

. gods

. pl. intensive . god or goddess

. godlike one

. works of God, or things belongng to him

. God

. הָאֱלֹהִים the (true) God

. אֱלֹהִים = God

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

430 'elohiym el-o-heem'

plural of 433; gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically

used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the

supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to

magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative:--angels, X

exceeding, God (gods)(-dess, -ly), X (very) great, judges, X

mighty.

see HEBREW for 0433

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — God.

This name means "gods" (plural intensive-singular meaning), "God"

Another name of ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068G)

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — (LORD)-Elohe.

Combined with ye.ho.vah (יהוה "LORD" H3068)

אֱלֹהִים (e.lo.him) — (Gibeath)-elohim.

Combined with giv.ah (גִּבְעָה "Gibeath" H1389)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-mp — Noun common · masculine plural absolute
HNcmpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

god ('Elohim, 'El, [`Elyon], Shadday, Yahweh; Theos):

I. INTRODUCTION TO THE GENERAL IDEA

1. The Idea in Experience and in Thought

2. Definition of the Idea

3. The Knowledge of God

4. Ethnic Ideas of God

(1) Animism

(2) Fetishism

(3) Idolatry

(4) Polytheism

(5) Henotheism

(6) Pantheism

(7) Deism

(8) Semitic Monolatry

(9) Monotheism

II. THE IDEA OF GOD IN THE OLD TESTAMENT

1. The Course of Its Development

2. Forms of Its Manifestation

(1) The Face or Countenance of God

(2) The Voice and Word of God

(3) The Glory of God

(4) The Angel of God

(5) The Spirit of God

(6) The Name of God

(7) Occasional Forms

3. The Names of God

(1) Generic

(2) Attributive

(3) Yahweh

4. Pre-prophetic Conceptions of God

(1) Yahweh Alone Is the God of Israel

(a) His Early Worship

(b) Popular Religion

(c) Polytheistic Tendencies

(i) Coordination

(ii) Assimilation

(iii) Disintegration

(d) No Hebrew Goddesses

(e) Human Sacrifices

Easton's Bible Dictionary

God

(A.S. and Dutch God; Dan. Gud; Ger. Gott), the name of the Divine Being. It is the rendering (1) of the Hebrew ’El, from a word meaning to be strong; (2) of ’Eloah_, plural _’Elohim. The singular form, Eloah, is used only in poetry. The plural form is more commonly used in all parts of the Bible, The Hebrew word Jehovah (q.v.), the only other word generally employed to denote the Supreme Being, is uniformly rendered in the Authorized Version by “LORD,” printed in small capitals. The existence of God is taken for granted in the Bible. There is nowhere any argument to prove it. He who disbelieves this truth is spoken of as one devoid of understanding (Ps. 14:1).

The arguments generally adduced by theologians in proof of the being of God are:

(1.) The a priori argument, which is the testimony afforded by reason.

Smith's Bible Dictionary

(good). Throughout the Hebrew Scriptures two chief names are used for the one true divine Being--ELOHIM, commonly translated God in our version, and JEHOVAH, translated Lord . Elohim is the plural of Eloah (in Arabic Allah); it is often used in the short form EL (a word signifying strength , as in EL-SHADDAI, God Almighty, the name by which God was specially known to the patriarchs. (Genesis 17:1; 28:3; Exodus 6:3) The etymology is uncertain, but it is generally agreed that the primary idea is that of strength, power of effect , and that it properly describes God in that character in which he is exhibited to all men in his works, as the creator, sustainer and supreme governor of the world. The plural form of Elohim has given rise to much discussion. The fanciful idea that it…

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

This name, the derivation of which is uncertain, we give to that eternal, infinite, perfect, and incomprehensible Being, the Creator of all things, who preserves and governs all by his almighty power and wisdom, and is the only proper object of worship. The proper Hebrew name for God is JEHOVAH, which signifies He is. But the Jews, from a feeling of reverence, avoid pronouncing this name, substituting for it, wherever it occurs in the sacred test, the word ADONAI, Lord; except in the expression, ADONAI JEHOVAH, Lord Jehovah, for which they put, ADONAI ELOHIM, Lord God. This usage, which is not without an element of superstition, is very ancient, dating its origin some centuries before Christ; but there is no good ground for assuming its existence in the days of the inspired Old Testament writers. The proper word for God is ELOHIM, which is plural in its form, being thus used to signify…

[are] on me O God vows your I will pay thank-offerings to you
נְדָרֶ֑יךָne.da.Rei.kha vows your H5088 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
60× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
A vow is a promise made to God, like the one Jephthah made in Judges 11:30-31. It can also refer to the thing promised, such as an offering. Vows are recorded in the Bible as important commitments.
Tyndale gloss
vow
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

נֶ֫דֶר (neder) means 'vow' and refers to a promise made to God. It can also denote a specific thing that has been promised. The word is derived from a root associated with making a promise, and it appears in contexts involving commitments or votive offerings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

נֶ֫דֶר, נֵ֫דֶר n.m. vow

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5088 נֶ֫דֶר, נֵ֫דֶר vow

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5088 neder neh'-der

or neder {nay'-der}; from 5087; a promise (to God); also

(concretely) a thing promised:--vow((-ed)).

see HEBREW for 05087

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

נֶ֫דֶר (ne.der) — vow.

vow, votive offering

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmpc/Sp2ms — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp2ms
[are] on me O God vows your I will pay thank-offerings to you
אֲשַׁלֵּ֖ם'a.sha.Lem I will pay H7999 Verb · Piel · imperfect first person common singular
116× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This verb means to be at peace or to make peace with someone. It is used in the Bible to describe a state of safety or friendship. In the KJV, it is translated as 'make amends' or 'be at peace'.
Tyndale gloss
to complete
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שָׁלֵם (shalam) is a Hebrew root meaning to be complete or sound, covering a range of meanings from finishing or restoring to making peace. It can refer to being uninjured, completing a task, or making recompense. The verb also has a denominative form indicating a covenant of peace, suggesting relationships of harmony and safety.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שָׁלֵם] 103 vb. be complete, sound

Qal

be complete, finished, ended

be sound, uninjured

Pi.

complete, finish, temple

make safe

make whole or good, restore

make good, i.e. pay, vows

requite, recompense, reward

Pu.

be performed, of vow

be repaid, requited

Hiph.

complete, perform

make an end of

base

[שָׁלַם] vb. denom. be in covenant of peace

Qal be at peace

Pu. Pt. one in covt. of peace

Hiph.

make peace with

cause to be at peace

Hoph. live at peace with

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7999a שָׁלֵם be complete, sound .. be complete, finished, ended

. be sound, uninjured

. . complete, finish, temple

. make safe

. make whole or good, restore

. make good, i.e. pay, vows

. requite, recompense, reward

. . be performed, of vow

. be repaid, requited

. . complete, perform

. make an end of

H7999b [שָׁלַם] vb. denom. be in covenant of peace .be at peace

. Pt. one in covt. of peace

. . make peace with

. cause to be at peace

. live at peace with

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7999 shalam shaw-lam'

a primitive root; to be safe (in mind, body or estate);

figuratively, to be (causatively, make) completed; by

implication, to be friendly; by extension, to reciprocate (in

various applications):--make amends, (make an) end, finish,

full, give again, make good, (re-)pay (again), (make) (to) (be

at) peace(-able), that is perfect, perform, (make)

prosper(-ous), recompense, render, requite, make restitution,

restore, reward, X surely.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שָׁלֵם (sa.lem) — to complete.

1) to be complete, be sound

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be complete, be finished, be ended

1a2) to be sound, be uninjured

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to complete, finish

1b2) to make safe

1b3) to make whole or good, restore, make compensation

1b4) to make good, pay

1b5) to requite, recompense, reward

1c) (Pual)

1c1) to be performed

1c2) to be repaid, be requited

1d) (Hiphil)

1d1) to complete, perform

1d2) to make an end of

Aramaic equivalent: she.lam (שְׁלֵם "be complete" H8000)

שָׁלַם (sha.lam) — to ally.

1) to be in a covenant of peace, be at peace

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to be at peace

1a2) peaceful one (participle)

1b) (Pual) one in covenant of peace (participle)

1c) (Hiphil)

1c1) to make peace with

1c2) to cause to be at peace

1d) (Hophal) to live in peace

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVpi1cs — Verb · Piel · imperfect first person common singular
HVpi1cs
[are] on me O God vows your I will pay thank-offerings to you
תּוֹדֹ֣תto.Dot thank-offerings H8426 Noun common · feminine plural absolute
32× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means thanksgiving or praise, often in the form of worship or a song. It appears in Psalm 100:1, a call to worship God with thanksgiving. The Israelites used it to express gratitude to God.
Tyndale gloss
thanksgiving
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

תּוֹדָה (to-dah) means 'thanksgiving' and encompasses various forms of praise, including songs of worship and thank-offerings. It is derived from the root meaning 'to extend the hand' and can refer to a choir or procession of worshippers. The entries consistently highlight its liturgical context and the act of giving thanks to God.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

תּוֹדָה n.f. thanksgiving

give praise to י׳

thanksgiving in songs of liturgical worship

thanksgiving choir, procession, line, company

thank-offering

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8426 תּוֹדָה thanksgiving . give praise to י׳

. thanksgiving in songs of liturgical worship

. thanksgiving choir, procession, line, company

. thank=offering

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8426 towdah to-daw'

from 3034; properly, an extension of the hand, i.e. (by

implication) avowal, or (usually) adoration; specifically, a

choir of worshippers:--confession, (sacrifice of) praise,

thanks(-giving, offering).

see HEBREW for 03034

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

תּוֹדָה (to.dah) — thanksgiving.

1) confession, praise, thanksgiving

1a) give praise to God

1b) thanksgiving in songs of liturgical worship, hymn of praise

1c) thanksgiving choir or procession or line or company

1d) thank-offering, sacrifice of thanksgiving

1e) confession

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfpa — Noun common · feminine plural absolute
HNcfpa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Nave's Topical Bible

→ See OFFERINGS

[are] on me O God vows your I will pay thank-offerings to you
לָֽךְ׃Lakh to you H9032 Preposition · suffix
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

ךְ (kh) — you.

Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 2nd person feminine singular

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Sp2ms — Preposition · suffix
HR/Sp2ms
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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