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Psalms 54:5 — Word Study

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WLCיָשִׁ֣יב הָ֭רַע לְשֹׁרְרָ֑י בַּ֝אֲמִתְּךָ֗ הַצְמִיתֵֽם׃

BSAforkîy be a strangerzûwr -kamaiqûwm uponʻal ruthlessʻârîyts to seekbâqash soulnephesh notlôʼ to setsûwm Godʼĕlôhîym beforeneged Selahçelâh

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 54
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 5 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (hatz.mi.Tem) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 54:5quick helps
In a sentenceThe psalmist asks God to repay his enemies with evil and to destroy them in His faithfulness.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, seeking divine justice against his enemies.
Where we areA plea for help and justice, situated within a prayer of lament.
The hard wordהַצְמִיתֵֽם
Take awayGod's faithfulness is invoked to call for the destruction of adversaries.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbכִּי The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 54:5

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Prayer for Deliverancegenerated

4Surely God is my helper; the Lord is the sustainer of my soul.
5He will reward my enemies with evil. In Your faithfulness, destroy them.
6Freely I will sacrifice to You; I will praise Your name, O LORD, for it is good.
7For He has delivered me from every trouble, and my eyes have stared down my foes.

Psalm 54:5 expresses a deep plea for divine intervention against the psalmist's enemies. The psalmist acknowledges God's faithfulness and seeks retribution against those who oppose him, illustrating a common theme of reliance on God during times of distress. This passage is part of a larger context where the psalmist reflects on God's help and protection, as seen in the preceding and following verses.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Psalm 31:23Love the LORD, all His saints. The LORD preserves the faithful, but fully repays the arrogant.
2Psalm 137:8O Daughter of Babylon, doomed to destruction, blessed is he who repays you as you have done to us.
32 Timothy 4:14Alexander the coppersmith did great harm to me. The Lord will repay him according to his deeds.
4Revelation 18:6Give back to her as she has done to others; pay her back double for what she has done; mix her a double portion in her own cup.
5Psalm 5:8Lead me, O LORD, in Your righteousness because of my enemies; make straight Your way before me.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 8 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

mine enemiesPsalm 5:8 Psalm 27:11

The Key Word הַצְמִיתֵֽם, hatz.mi.Temgenerated

The verb הַצְמִיתֵֽם (hatz.mi.Tem) is an imperative form meaning 'destroy them.' It conveys a strong request for annihilation, emphasizing the urgency of the psalmist's plea for justice against his adversaries.

This word is derived from a root meaning to cut off or exterminate, suggesting total destruction. It is often used in contexts where God is called upon to eliminate evil or adversaries, reflecting the psalmist's deep desire for divine action.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The finite verb יָשִׁ֣יב governs the structure, with two phrases following: a noun phrase indicating the object of the action and a prepositional phrase describing the manner of the action. The imperative הַצְמִיתֵֽם stands out, commanding God's action.

The arrangement emphasizes the psalmist's urgent request for divine intervention, with the verb at the forefront, highlighting the call for action against his enemies.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

In the Septuagint, the Hebrew יָשִׁ֣יב is rendered as ὅτι, which implies a causal relationship rather than a direct command. This choice may reflect an interpretative angle on the psalmist's request for divine justice.

The Greek translation captures the essence of the plea but shifts the focus slightly from a direct command to a contextual understanding of God's actions.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalm 54:5 expresses a plea for God to repay the psalmist's enemies with evil and to destroy them in His faithfulness. This reflects a common theme in the Psalms where the writer seeks divine justice against adversaries.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does the psalmist mean by asking God to 'destroy them'?

The psalmist is seeking divine intervention against his enemies, asking God to eliminate those who oppose him and cause harm.

How does God's faithfulness relate to the psalmist's request?

The psalmist appeals to God's faithfulness as a basis for his request, trusting that God's loyalty will lead to justice against his adversaries.

Why is the concept of 'evil' significant in this verse?

The mention of 'evil' highlights the moral and spiritual conflict the psalmist is facing, emphasizing the need for God to act against wrongdoing.

What can we learn from the psalmist's plea for justice?

The psalmist's plea teaches us about the importance of turning to God in times of distress and seeking His help against those who do harm.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what situations have I felt the need to seek God's justice in my life?
  2. How can I trust in God's faithfulness when facing opposition or harm from others?
  3. What does it mean to me to ask God to intervene in my struggles?
  4. How can I reflect God's character of faithfulness in my own life?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early commentators reflect on the themes of divine justice and truth in this verse. Their insights illustrate the ongoing relevance of the psalmist's plea for God's intervention.

Hilary of Poitiers c. 310–367
After this there is a return to the Person of God, to Whom the petition was at the first addressed: Destroy them by Your truth. Truth confounds falsehood, and lying is destroyed by truth.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 54 →
Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 54 354–430
"Turn away evil things unto mine enemies" [Psalms 54:5]. So however green they are, so however they flourish, for the fire they are being reserved.
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 54 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 54:5 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

He shall reward evil unto mine enemies,.... That eyed him as Saul did; that observed his haunts, where he resorted, and who were with him, as the Ziphites did under Saul's direction; as the Word (m)

Read John Gill on Psalms 54 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

He shall reward evil unto mine enemies: cut them off in thy truth. He shall reward evil unto mine enemies.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 54 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

In thy truth; or, for or according to thy truth; whereby thou art engaged to fulfil thy promises made to me, and thy threatenings denounced against thine and mine implacable enemies.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 54 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 54:5 He shall reward evil unto mine enemies: cut them off in thy truth.Ver. 5. He shall reward evil unto mine enemies] Or, mine observers, that watch me a mischief. I shall escape out of trouble, and they shall come in my stead, Proverbs 11:8. Cut them off in thy truth] i.e. According as thou hast pronounced against such as seek and suck innocent blood.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 54 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(5) Cut them off.—Or, put them to silence.In thy truth.—Or, according to thy faithfulness.

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 54 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 5. He shall reward evil] Saul and his courtiers, instead of having God's approbation, shall have his curse. Cut them off in thy truth.] Thou hast promised to save me; these have purposed to destroy me. Thy truth is engaged in my defence; they will destroy me if permitted to live: to save thy truth, and to accomplish its promises, thou must cut them off.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 54 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

5. He shall requite the evil unto them that lie in wait for me: Destroy thou them in thy truth. God will cause the evil which they are plotting to recoil upon their own heads: or, according to the K’thîbh or written text (Introd. p. li), The evil shall return &c.: cp. Psalms 7:16. Enemies (A.V.) is a peculiar word found only in Psalms 5:8; Psalms 27:11; Psalms 56:2; Psalms 59:10, meaning those who lie in wait for him, like fowlers (Jeremiah 5:26 R.V.), or a leopard for its prey (Hosea 13:7). Jerome renders it insidiatores. in thy truth] For Thou canst not be false to Thy promise to deliver me.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 54 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

He shall reward evil unto mine enemies - Margin, “those that observe me.” The original word here means literally “to twist, to twist together;” then, to press together; then, to “oppress,” or to treat as an enemy.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 54 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

He will reward my enemies with evil. In Your faithfulness, destroy them.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

He will repay the evil to my enemies. Destroy them in your truth.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

He will reward my enemies with evil. In Your faithfulness, destroy them.

NETBNew English Translation2006

May those who wait to ambush me be repaid for their evil! As a demonstration of your faithfulness, destroy them!

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

He shall reward evil unto mine enemies: cut them off in thy truth.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

He will requite the evil unto mine enemies: Destroy thou them in thy truth.

RVARevised Version, American1894

He shall requite the evil unto mine enemies: destroy thou them in thy truth.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

He will reward evil to my enemies; cut them off in thy truth.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

He shall rewarde euill vnto mine enemies: Oh cut them off in thy trueth!

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

He will requite evil to mine enemies: in thy truth cut them off.

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

Turn back doth the evil thing to mine enemies, In Thy truth cut them off.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

Turn back the evil to my enemies, || Cut them off in Your truth.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(54:7) He will cause the evil to return upon those that regard me with envy: in thy truth cut them off.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

He will repay my enemies with evil; in your faithfulness, destroy them!

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

My heart is troubled within me: and the fear of death is fallen upon me.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

The evil my enemies have done will come back upon them. I depend on you to destroy them.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

Let the evil works of my haters come back on them again; let them be cut off by your good faith.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbיָשִׁ֣יבmay.he.bring.backnoun phrase · objectהָ֭theרַעevilprepositional phrase · prepositionalלְtonoun phraseשֹׁרְרָ֑enemiesיmyclauseprepositional phrase · prepositionalבַּ֝innoun phraseאֲמִתְּfaithfulnessךָ֗yourverbהַצְמִיתֵֽdestroyobjectםthem

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text presents יָשִׁ֣יב and הַצְמִיתֵֽם consistently, while the Septuagint aligns closely with the Hebrew text. The Dead Sea Scrolls, however, show some variation with additional supplied words, indicating a different textual tradition.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

יָשִׁ֣יב הָ֭רַע לְשֹׁרְרָ֑י בַּ֝אֲמִתְּךָ֗ הַצְמִיתֵֽם׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
יָשִׁ֣יבὅτιהָ֭רַעἐπανέστησανלְשֹׁרְרָ֑יκαὶבַּ֝אֲמִתְּךָ֗ψυξήνהַצְמִיתֵֽם׃οὐ

5 of the 5 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Dead Sea Scrolls — 4Q83a copy a thousand years older than the Leningrad Codex

[כי] זרים קמו על׳י [ועריצים] [בקשו] [נפש׳י] [לא] [שמו] [אלהים] [לנגד׳ם] [סלה]

3 words on the leather — 9 supplied entire by an editor.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 54:5שׁוּבmay he brinmay he bring baשׁוּברַעthe evilthe evilרַעשׁוֹרֵרto enemies to enemies myשׁוֹרֵראֱמֶתin faithfulin faithfulnessאֱמֶתצָמַתdestroy thedestroy themצָמַתרָעַעbe evilbe evilרָעַעאָמַןbe faithfube faithfulאָמַןשְׁבִיתcaptivitycaptivityשְׁבִיתחָרוֹןburning anburning angerחָרוֹןמַעֲלָלdeeddeedמַעֲלָלנחםto be sorrto be sorry: coנחםמַ֫עַןbecausebecauseמַ֫עַןחֶ֫סֶדkindnesskindnessחֶ֫סֶדשָׁלוֹםPeacePeaceשָׁלוֹםעֹ֫רֶףneckneckעֹ֫רֶף
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 54:5

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

may he bring back the evil to enemies my in faithfulness your destroy them
יָשִׁ֣יבya.Shiv may he bring back H7725 Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine singular
1,057× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means to return or turn back, and can be used literally or figuratively. It is often used to describe someone returning to God or repenting from sin, as seen in the book of Psalms and the prophets.
Tyndale gloss
to return: return
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word שׁוּב (shuwb) means to turn back or return, covering a wide range of contexts including physical, spiritual, and relational. It can denote returning to a previous state, repenting, or even apostatizing. The entries describe various forms and uses, including bringing back, restoring, and refreshing. Notably, it can also imply a change in course of action.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

שׁוּב 1056 vb. turn back, return

Qal 683;—turn back, return:

turn back

return, come or go back

esp. return unto

of dying

of revival from death

fig. of human relations:

return to leader, king

= change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)

turn, i.e. resort to

return to a physical condition

abs. = change course of action

fig., specif. of spiritual relations:

turn back from God = apostatize

of י׳, turn away

turn back to God (= seek penitently)

abs. repent

turn back from evil

of י׳

of י׳, return (to shew favour)

of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):

denoting repetition, etc.

trans.

Pō‛l.

bring back

fig. restore, refresh

restore, repair

lead away (enticingly)

shew turning = apostatize

Hiph. 353 cause to return, bring back

bring back into bondage

put back

= draw back

= give back, restore

= relinguish

= give in payment, requital

bring one back (from dead)

bring back heart

= refresh

Read the full entry →
Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7725 שׁוּב turn back, return .—turn back, return: . turn back

. return, come or go back

. esp. return unto

. . of dying

. of revival from death

. fig. of human relations: . return to leader, king

. = change so as to appoach (in purpose, desire)

. turn, i.e. resort to

. return to a physical condition

. abs. = change course of action

. fig., specif. of spiritual relations: . turn back from God = apostatize

. of י׳, turn away

. turn back to God (= seek penitently)

. abs. repent

. turn back from evil

. of י׳

. of י׳, return (to shew favour)

. of inanimate things (sts. personified, or treated as things of life):

. denoting repetition, etc.

. trans.

. . bring back

. . fig. restore, refresh

. restore, repair

. lead away (enticingly)

. shew turning = apostatize

. cause to return, bring back . . bring back into bondage

. put back

. = draw back

. = give back, restore

. = relinguish

. = give in payment, requital

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7725 shuwb shoob

a primitive root; to turn back (hence, away) transitively or

intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily

with the idea of return to the starting point); generally to

retreat; often adverbial, again:--((break, build, circumcise,

dig, do anything, do evil, feed, lay down, lie down, lodge,

make, rejoice, send, take, weep)) X again, (cause to) answer

(+ again), X in any case (wise), X at all, averse, bring

(again, back, home again), call (to mind), carry again (back),

cease, X certainly, come again (back), X consider, +

continually, convert, deliver (again), + deny, draw back,

fetch home again, X fro, get (oneself) (back) again, X give

(again), go again (back, home), (go) out, hinder, let, (see)

more, X needs, be past, X pay, pervert, pull in again, put

(again, up again), recall, recompense, recover, refresh,

relieve, render (again), requite, rescue, restore, retrieve,

Read the full entry →
Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שׁוּב (shuv) — to return: return.

: return

1) to return, turn back

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to turn back, return

1a1a) to turn back

1a1b) to return, come or go back

1a1c) to return unto, go back, come back

1a1d) of dying

1a1e) of human relations (fig)

1a1f) of spiritual relations (fig)

1a1f1) to turn back (from God), apostatise

1a1f2) to turn away (of God)

1a1f3) to turn back (to God), repent

1a1f4) turn back (from evil)

1a1g) of inanimate things

1a1h) in repetition

1b) (Polel)

1b1) to bring back

1b2) to restore, refresh, repair (fig)

1b3) to lead away (enticingly)

1b4) to show turning, apostatise

1c) (Pual) restored (participle)

1d) (Hiphil) to cause to return, bring back

1d1) to bring back, allow to return, put back, draw back, give back, restore, relinquish, give in payment

1d2) to bring back, refresh, restore

1d3) to bring back, report to, answer

1d4) to bring back, make requital, pay (as recompense)

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVhi3ms — Verb · Hiphil · imperfect third person masculine singular
HVhi3ms
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
may he bring back the evil to enemies my in faithfulness your destroy them
הָ֭רַעHa.ra' the evil H7451 Particle
662× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Ra means bad or evil, referring to moral or natural harm. It describes adversity, affliction, or distress, and is often used to convey a sense of misery or injury.
Tyndale gloss
bad: harmful
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

רַע (ra) is a Hebrew word meaning bad or evil, encompassing a range of negative qualities such as distress, misery, and ethical wrongdoing. It can describe unpleasantness, harm, or low value, and is used in various contexts, including emotional states and moral judgments. The entries also note its comparative form, indicating worse than or worst. The word has feminine forms, such as רָעָה (ra.ah), which similarly convey concepts of evil and distress.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

רַע 228 adj. bad, evil

bad, disagreeable, malignant

bad, unpleasant, giving pain, unhappiness, misery

evil, displeasing

bad of its kind

bad, , i.e. of low value

מִן comp., worse than

sad, unhappy

devise evil (hurtful) device

bad, unkind, vicious in disposition or temper

ethically bad, evil, wicked

base

רַע 126 n.m. evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity

evil, distress, adversity

evil, injury, wrong

ethical evil

base

רָעָה 310 n.f. evil, misery, distress, injury

evil, misery, distress

evil, injury, wrong

ethical evil

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H7451a רַע bad, evil . bad, disagreeable, malignant

. bad, unpleasant, giving pain, unhappiness, misery

. evil, displeasing

. bad of its kind

. bad, , i.e. of low value

. + מִן comp., worse than

. sad, unhappy

. devise evil (hurtful) device

. bad, unkind, vicious in disposition or temper

. ethically bad, evil, wicked

H7451b רַע evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity . evil, distress, adversity

. evil, injury, wrong

. ethical evil

H7451c רָעָה evil, misery, distress, injury . evil, misery, distress

. evil, injury, wrong

. ethical evil

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

7451 ra` rah

from 7489; bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral):--

adversity, affliction, bad, calamity, + displease(-ure),

distress, evil((- favouredness), man, thing), + exceedingly, X

great, grief(-vous), harm, heavy, hurt(-ful), ill (favoured),

+ mark, mischief(-vous), misery, naught(-ty), noisome, + not

please, sad(-ly), sore, sorrow, trouble, vex,

wicked(-ly, -ness, one), worse(-st), wretchedness, wrong.

(Incl. feminine raaah; as adjective or noun.).

see HEBREW for 07489

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

רַע (ra) — bad: harmful.

: harmful

adj

1) bad, evil

1a) bad, disagreeable, malignant

1b) bad, unpleasant, evil (giving pain, unhappiness, misery)

1c) evil, displeasing

1d) bad (of its kind-land, water, etc)

1e) bad (of value)

1f) worse than, worst (comparison)

1g) sad, unhappy

1h) evil (hurtful)

1i) bad, unkind (vicious in disposition)

1j) bad, evil, wicked (ethically)

1j1) in general, of persons, of thoughts

1j2) deeds, actions

רַע (ra) — bad: evil.

1) evil, distress, misery, injury, calamity

1a) evil, distress, adversity

1b) evil, injury, wrong

1c) evil (ethical)

רָעָה (ra.ah) — distress: harm.

: harm

1) evil, misery, distress, injury

1a) evil, misery, distress

1b) evil, injury, wrong

1c) evil (ethical)

רַע (ra) — bad: evil.

: evil

adj

1) bad, evil

1a) bad, disagreeable, malignant

1b) bad, unpleasant, evil (giving pain, unhappiness, misery)

1c) evil, displeasing

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HTd/Aamsa — Particle
HTd/Aamsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ev'-'-l, e'-vil ra`; poneros, @kakos, @kakon:

In the Bible it is represented as moral and physical. We choose to discuss the subject under these heads. Many of the evils that come upon men have not been intended by those who suffer for them. Disease, individual and national calamity, drought, scarcity of food, may not always be charged to the account of intentional wrong. Many times the innocent suffer with, and even for, the guilty. In such cases, only physical evil is apparent. Even when the suffering has been occasioned by sin or dereliction of duty, whether the wrong is active or passive, many, perhaps the majority of those who are injured, are not accountable in any way for the ills which come upon them. Neither is God the author of moral evil. "God cannot be tempted with evil, and he himself tempteth no man" (Jas 1:13).

Nave's Topical Bible

→ APPEARANCE OF, TO BE AVOIDED Ro 14:1-23; 1Co 8:7-13; 10:28-33; 1Th 4:11,12; 5:22

→ INSTANCES OF

Paul, in refusing to eat what had been offered to idols 1Co 8:13

In supporting himself 1Co 9:7-23

may he bring back the evil to enemies my in faithfulness your destroy them
לְשֹׁרְרָ֑יle.sho.re.Rai to enemies my H8324 Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word describes an enemy or opponent, someone who is hostile towards others, like the enemies of Israel in the Old Testament.
Tyndale gloss
enemy
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

שׁוֹרֵר (shorer) refers to an insidious watcher or an enemy. It is derived from a primitive root meaning to be hostile. The term primarily denotes an opponent, emphasizing the active role of hostility.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[שׁוֹרֵר] n.m. (insidious) watcher

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H8324 שׁוֹרֵר (insidious) watcher

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

8324 sharar shaw-rar'

a primitive root; to be hostile (only active participle an

opponent):--enemy.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

שׁוֹרֵר (sha.rar) — enemy.

(Qal) to be an enemy

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncmpc/Sp1bs — Preposition · noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HR/Ncmpc/Sp1bs
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
may he bring back the evil to enemies my in faithfulness your destroy them
בַּ֝אֲמִתְּךָ֗ba.'a.mi.te.kha in faithfulness your H571 Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
127× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word means truth, faithfulness, or stability, and is often used to describe God's character and promises. In Psalm 100:5, it says God's truth endures forever, and in Proverbs 12:17, it emphasizes the importance of truthful speech.
Tyndale gloss
truth: faithful
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אֱמֶת (emeth) encompasses concepts of firmness, faithfulness, and truth. It signifies reliability and stability, often in the context of ethical or religious knowledge. The word can also function as an adverb meaning 'in truth' or 'truly.' There is a consistent emphasis on its meanings related to certainty and trustworthiness across the entries.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אֱמֶת n.f. firmness, faithfulness

reliability, sureness

stability, continuance

faithfulness, reliableness

truth

adv. in truth, truly

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H571 אֱמֶת firmness, faithfulness . reliability, sureness

. stability, continuance

. faithfulness, reliableness

. truth

. adv. in truth, truly

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

571 'emeth eh'-meth

contracted from 539; stability; (figuratively) certainty,

truth, trustworthiness:--assured(-ly), establishment,

faithful, right, sure, true (-ly, -th), verity.

see HEBREW for 0539

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אֱמֶת (e.met) — truth: faithful.

: faithful

1) firmness, faithfulness, truth

1a) sureness, reliability

1b) stability, continuance

1c) faithfulness, reliableness

1d) truth

1d1) as spoken

1d2) of testimony and judgment

1d3) of divine instruction

1d4) truth as a body of ethical or religious knowledge

1d5) true doctrine

adv

2) in truth, truly

אֱמֶת (e.met) — truth: true.

: true

1) firmness, faithfulness, truth

1a) sureness, reliability

1b) stability, continuance

1c) faithfulness, reliableness

1d) truth

1d1) as spoken

1d2) of testimony and judgment

1d3) of divine instruction

1d4) truth as a body of ethical or religious knowledge

1d5) true doctrine

adv

2) in truth, truly

אֱמֶת (e.met) — truth: certain.

: certain/fixed

1) firmness, faithfulness, truth

1a) sureness, reliability

1b) stability, continuance

1c) faithfulness, reliableness

1d) truth

1d1) as spoken

1d2) of testimony and judgment

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncfsc/Sp2ms — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncfsc/Sp2ms
may he bring back the evil to enemies my in faithfulness your destroy them
הַצְמִיתֵֽם׃hatz.mi.Tem destroy them H6789 Verb hiphil imperative second person masculine singular · suffix
15× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To destroy something means to completely get rid of it, like God destroying evil in Psalm 37:38. This word appears in the Bible to describe total annihilation. It is often used in a literal sense, such as in war, but also figuratively, like in Ezekiel 28:16.
Tyndale gloss
to destroy
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

צָמַת (tsamath) is a Hebrew verb meaning to put an end to or exterminate. It encompasses various forms, including to destroy, cut off, or vanish, with nuances in different stems indicating actions like being annihilated or causing annihilation. The entries highlight its use in contexts of termination and destruction, but do not present any significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[צָמַת] vb. put an end to, exterminate

Qal they have put an end to my life

Niph. be ended, annihilated

Pi. hath put an end to me

Pi‛lēl thine alarms have annihilated me

Hiph. exterminate, annihilate

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6789 צָמַת put an end to, exterminate .they have put an end to my life

. be ended, annihilated

. hath put an end to me

.thine alarms have annihilated me

. exterminate, annihilate

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6789 tsamath tsaw-math'

a primitive root; to extirpate (literally or

figuratively):--consume, cut off, destroy, vanish.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

צָמַת (tsa.mat) — to destroy.

1) to put an end to, cut off, destroy, exterminate, extirpate

1a) (Qal) to put an end to, terminate

1b) (Niphal) to be ended, be annihilated, be exterminated

1c) (Piel) to put an end to

1d) (Pilel) to be exterminated, be annihilated

1e) (Hiphil) to exterminate, annihilate

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVhv2ms/Sp3mp — Verb hiphil imperative second person masculine singular · suffix
HVhv2ms/Sp3mp
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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