Psalms 45:11 — Word Study
WLCוְיִתְאָ֣ו הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ יָפְיֵ֑ךְ כִּי־ ה֥וּא אֲ֝דֹנַ֗יִךְ וְהִשְׁתַּֽחֲוִי־ לֽוֹ׃
BSAto hearshâmaʻ Bath (Shua)bath Providerrâʼâh to stretchnâṭâh earʼôzen to forgetshâkach Amawʻam placebayith fatherʼâb
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| וְיִתְאָ֣ו | so may he desire | Conjunction, verb hithpael jussive third person masculine singular |
| הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ | the king | Particle, noun common masculine singular absolute |
| יָפְיֵ֑ךְ | beauty your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| כִּי־ | for | Particle |
| ה֥וּא | he | Pronoun |
| אֲ֝דֹנַ֗יִךְ | [is] lord your | Noun common masculine plural construct, suffix |
| וְהִשְׁתַּֽחֲוִי־ | and bow down | Conjunction, verb pilpel imperative second person feminine singular |
| לֽוֹ׃ | to him | Preposition, suffix |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | and the king will desire your beauty; bow to him, for he is your lord. |
| KJV | So shall the king greatly desire thy beauty: for he is thy Lord; and worship thou him. |
| ASV | So will the king desire thy beauty; For he is thy lord; and reverence thou him. |
| YLT | And the king doth desire thy beauty, Because he [is] thy lord — bow thyself to him, |
| WEB | So the king will desire your beauty, honor him, for he is your lord. |
| BBE | So will the king have a great desire for you, seeing how beautiful you are; because he is your lord, give him honour. |
Where they part company is יָפְיֵךְ — see How Translations Differ.
The sentence has one main clause and two subordinate phrases that explain the action and its motivation.







8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectהוּא
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 45:11
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — The Royal Wedding Songgenerated
Psalms 45:11 is part of a wedding song celebrating the beauty and majesty of the bride and her relationship with the king. This verse highlights the king's desire for the bride's beauty and calls for her reverence towards him, emphasizing their bond and the royal authority he holds. The surrounding verses further illustrate the grandeur of the occasion and the significance of the bride's role in this royal context.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Song of Solomon 1:8–12 | |
| 2 | Song of Solomon 2:2–14 | |
| 3 | Song of Solomon 4:1–5 | |
| 4 | Song of Solomon 6:4 | |
| 5 | Song of Solomon 7:1–10 |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 21 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — יָפְיֵךְ, ya.fe.Yekhgenerated
The word יָפְיֵךְ (*yopheh*) means 'your beauty' and is derived from the root יָפָה (*yafah*), which conveys the idea of being pleasing or attractive. It is a noun in the construct form, indicating possession, and is used here to express the beauty that the king desires in the bride.
This term captures not just physical beauty but also the allure and charm that comes with it, reflecting the admiration the king has for the bride. The parsing as a noun with a suffix shows that it is directly linked to the subject of the king's desire.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The finite verb יִתְאָ֣ו (*yit'av*) governs the main clause, indicating the king's desire. This is followed by a noun phrase that serves as the object of desire, יָפְיֵךְ, and a prepositional phrase that provides context, emphasizing the relationship between the king and the bride.
The structure highlights the king's authority and the call for the bride's submission, with the imperative הִשְׁתַּֽחֲוִי (*hish'tachavi*) urging her to bow down, reinforcing the theme of reverence.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
In the Septuagint, the Hebrew term יָפְיֵךְ is rendered as κλῖνον (*klinon*), which means 'to incline' or 'to bow.' This choice emphasizes the act of submission and reverence towards the king.
The translation reflects a broader interpretation of the bride's beauty, suggesting that her beauty is not just physical but also linked to her posture of humility before the king.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 45:11 tells us that the king desires the beauty of the bride and calls her to bow down to him, recognizing his authority as her lord. This verse emphasizes the relationship between the king and the bride, highlighting themes of admiration and reverence.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
It signifies the king's admiration for the bride, reflecting her attractiveness and the importance of her role in the royal setting.
Bowing is a sign of respect and submission, acknowledging the king's authority and position.
The verse fits within a wedding context, celebrating the beauty and majesty of the bride while emphasizing the king's desire and authority.
Beauty is portrayed as something that is desired and admired, suggesting that it encompasses both physical appearance and the character of the individual.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways do I see beauty reflected in the people around me?
- How can I show reverence and respect to those in authority in my life?
- What does it mean for me to acknowledge the beauty within myself?
- How can I cultivate a spirit of humility in my relationships?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers have commented on this verse, discussing themes of beauty and obedience in relation to the king's desire for the bride.
You do not make God, but God makes you. If, then, you are God’s workmanship, await the hand of your Maker that creates everything in due time; in due time as far as you are concerned, whose creation is being carried out.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 45 →
The reference is not to beauty of body, since he says it arises from obedience to him. Obedience, however, gives rise not to beauty of body but to beauty of soul.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 45 →
"For the King has greatly desired your beauty" [Psalms 45:11]. What "beauty" is that, save that which is His own work? "Greatly desired the beauty"— Of whom? Of her the sinner,Early Church Fathers on Psalms 45 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 45:11 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleSo shall the King greatly desire thy beauty,.... Which lies in the comeliness or righteousness of Christ put upon her; in the holiness of Christ reckoned to her; in being washed from all sin in the
Read John Gill on Psalms 45 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentarySo shall the king greatly desire thy beauty: for he is thy Lord; and worship thou him.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 45 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleSo doing thou shalt be amiable and acceptable to thy Husband; which will abundantly recompense thee for the loss of thy father’ s house. He is thy Lord; as he is thy Husband, and also as he is thy King and God, as he was called, . And this is added as a reason, not of the last words, why the King would desire her beauty, but of the advice given to her, . Worship thou him; by which he implies that her Husband was no mere man, but God also, and therefore might be adored without any violation of that known and immutable precept of worshipping God only.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 45 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 45:11 So shall the king greatly desire thy beauty: for he [is] thy Lord; and worship thou him.Ver. 11. So shall the king greatly desire thy beauty] If thou deny thyself and forego all others to please him alone he shall set his whole heart upon thee, and be ravished with thy love, as Proverbs 5:19. How could that Persian lady’ s husband do less than love her, who, having been at Cyrus’ s wedding, and asked how she liked the bridegroom? Like him? said she, I know not how I like him; for I looked upon no man there but mine own husband. Aspasia Milesia was very dear to Cyrus, because she was καληκαισοφη, fair, and wise (Aelian). For he is thy Lord] And, therefore, not to be slighted by…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 45 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(11) Worship thou him.—Literally, Bow down or prostrate thyself.
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 45 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges11. So shall the king greatly desire thy beauty] Omit greatly.worship thou him] Better, do him homage: not necessarily in the literal sense of prostrating herself before him (1 Samuel 25:41; 1 Kings 1:16; 1 Kings 1:31), but by shewing him befitting respect and submission. This exhortation, and the title lord for husband (cp. Genesis 18:12) reflect the subordinate position of women in ancient times and Oriental countries. Yet see also 1 Peter 3:5-6. The rendering of P.B.V., for he is thy Lord God, follows the Vulg. But God is not in the LXX, and was no doubt a gloss in accordance with the Messianic interpretation.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 45 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleSo shall the king greatly desire thy beauty - That is, in consequence of your love to him, and your entire devotion of yourself to him.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 45 →
Daniel Denison Whedon1808–1885Whedon's Commentary on the Bible11. For he is thy Lord— “Lord,” here, is ΰγεπ, Adon, (often written ΰγπι, Adonah,) which is here to be understood of Christ in its prophetic application, the bride being the Church, of which,
Read Daniel Denison Whedon on Psalms 45 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
and the king will desire your beauty; bow to him, for he is your lord.
So the king will desire your beauty, honor him, for he is your lord.
and the king will desire your beauty; bow to him, for he is your lord.
Then the king will be attracted by your beauty. After all, he is your master! Submit to him!
Tyndale line
So shall the king greatly desire thy beauty: for he is thy Lord; and worship thou him.
So will the king desire thy beauty; For he is thy lord; and reverence thou him.
So shall the king desire thy beauty: for he is thy Lord; and worship thou him.
So shall the king greatly desire thy beauty: for he is thy lord; and worship thou him.
So shall the King haue pleasure in thy beautie: for he is thy Lord, and reuerence thou him.
Strictly literal
And the king will desire thy beauty; for he is thy Lord, and worship thou him.
And the king doth desire thy beauty, Because he [is] thy lord — bow thyself to him,
And the King desires your beauty, || Because He [is] your Lord—bow yourself to Him,
(45:12) Then will the king long for thy beauty; for he is thy Lord; and bow thyself to him.
In this way the king will desire your beauty; he is your master; revere him.
From the Latin
Be still and see that I am God; I will be exalted among the nations, and I will be exalted in the earth.
Simplified
May the king desire you in your beauty; respect him, for he is your lord.
So will the king have a great desire for you, seeing how beautiful you are; because he is your lord, give him honour.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads וְיִתְאָ֣ו הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ יָפְיֵ֑ךְ כִּי־ ה֥וּא אֲ֝דֹנַ֗יִךְ וְהִשְׁתַּֽחֲוִי־ לֽוֹ׃, and the Septuagint matches it closely with all words accounted for. The Dead Sea Scrolls show some restoration but agree in substance with the Masoretic Text.
וְיִתְאָ֣ו הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ יָפְיֵ֑ךְ כִּי־ ה֥וּא אֲ֝דֹנַ֗יִךְ וְהִשְׁתַּֽחֲוִי־ לֽוֹ׃
8 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
[שמעי] [בת] [וראי] והטי אזנ׳ך ושכחי עמ׳ך [ובית] [אבי׳ך]
3 words on the leather — 1 partly restored, 5 supplied entire by an editor.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 45:11
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
אָוָה (avah) is a primitive root meaning to desire or wish for. It encompasses a range of meanings including to covet, long for, and lust after, often relating to bodily appetites. The verb appears in various forms, such as in the Piel and Hithpael stems, which indicate different nuances of desire.
[אָוָה] vb. incline, desire
Pi. desire
Hithp. desire, long for, lust after
base
H183 [אָוָה] incline, desire . desire
. desire, long for, lust after
183 'avah aw-vaw'
a primitive root; to wish for:--covet, (greatly) desire, be
desirous, long, lust (after).
אָוָה (a.vah) — to desire.
1) desire, incline, covet, wait longingly, wish, sigh, want, be greedy, prefer
1a) (Piel) to desire, crave (food and drink)
1b) (Hithpael) to desire, long for, lust after (of bodily appetites)
HC/Vtj3ms — Conjunction · verb hithpael jussive third person masculine singularHC/Vtj3ms
de-zir': The verb "to desire" in the Scriptures usually means "to long for," "to ask for," "to demand," and may be used in a good or bad sense (compare De 7:25 the King James Version). the Revised Version (British and American) frequently renders the more literal meaning of the Hebrew. Compare Job 20:20, "delight"; Pr 21:20, "precious"; Ps 40:6, "delight"; aiteo (except Col 1:9), and erotao (except Lu 7:36) are rendered "to ask" and zeteo, "to seek" (compare Lu 9:9 et. al.). The Hebrew kacaph, literally, "to lose in…
→ SPIRITUAL De 4:29; Ps 9:1; 17:1; 22:26; 24:6; 25:5,15; 27:8,14; 33:20; 34:10; 37:4,7,9,34; 39:12; 40:1,8; 42:1-11; 51:1-17; 62:1; 63:1,8; 68:28; 69:3,32; 70:4; 81:10; 84:2; 86:11,12,16; 94:19; 105:4; 118:17; 119:2,10,20,40,77,88,116,117,122,133,149,156; 123:1,2; 130:5,6; 143:5,6; Pr 2:3-5; 8:17,34; Isa 8:17,19; 26:8,9; 40:31; 55:1,2,6; Jer 29:13; La 3:25,26,41; Ho 10:12; Hab 3:2; Mt 5:6;
The Hebrew word מֶ֫לֶךְ (*melek*) means 'king.' It is derived from a root that suggests royalty. The term appears in various contexts, including references to specific kings and locations, such as the 'King's Highway' in Numbers 20:17 and the 'King's Valley' in Genesis 14:17. The lexicons note its Aramaic equivalent and mention its use in the context of individuals like Hammelech in Jeremiah.
מֶ֫לֶךְ 2513 n.m. king
base
H4428 מֶ֫לֶךְ king
4428 melek meh'-lek
from 4427; a king:--king, royal.
see HEBREW for 04427
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — king.
1) king
Aramaic equivalent: me.lekh (מֶ֫לֶךְ "king" H4430)
הַמֶּלֶךְ (me.lekh) — `the king`.
'the king' or a name, Hammelech in KJV of Jer.36.26; 38.6- a man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;
father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";
§ A man living at the time of Divided Monarchy, first mentioned at Jer.36.26;
father of: Jerahmeel (H3396I) and Malchijah (H4441H); also translated "the king";
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.
King's (Highway) (Num.20.17)
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.
Another name of she.lach (שֶׁ֫לַח "Shelah" H7975A)
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — Milcom.
Another name of mo.lekh (מֹ֫לֶךְ "Molech" H4432)
מֶ֫לֶךְ (me.lekh) — King's.
King's (Valley) (Gen.14.17)
HTd/Ncmsa — Particle · noun common masculine singular absoluteHTd/Ncmsa
King
Is in Scripture very generally used to denote one invested with authority, whether extensive or limited. There were thirty-one kings in Canaan (Josh. 12:9, 24), whom Joshua subdued. Adonibezek subdued seventy kings (Judg. 1:7). In the New Testament the Roman emperor is spoken of as a king (1 Pet. 2:13, 17); and Herod Antipas, who was only a tetrarch, is also called a king (Matt. 14:9; Mark 6:22).
This title is applied to God (1 Tim. 1:17), and to Christ, the Son of God (1 Tim. 6:15, 16;
"a chief ruler, one invested with supreme authority over a nation, tribe or country." --Webster. In the Bible the word does not necessarily imply great power or great extent of country. Many persons are called kings whom we should rather call chiefs or leaders. The word is applied in the Bible to God as the sovereign and ruler of the universe, and to Christ the Son of God as the head and governor of the Church. The Hebrews were ruled by a king during a period of about 500 years previous to the destruction of Jerusalem, B.C. 586. The immediate occasion of the substitution of a regal form of government for that of judges seems to have been the siege of Jabesh-gilead by Nahash king of the Ammonites. (1 Samuel 11:1; 12:12) The conviction seems to have forced itself on the Israelites that they could not resist their formidable neighbor…
יֳפִי (yophiy) means 'beauty' and is derived from the root word represented by Strong's H3302. The entries consistently define it as a noun referring to beauty, without any significant disagreement among the lexicons.
[יֳפִי] n.m. beauty
base
H3308 [יֳפִי] beauty
3308 yophiy yof-ee'
from 3302; beauty:--beauty.
see HEBREW for 03302
יֳפִי (yo.phi) — beauty.
beauty
HNcmsc/Sp2fs — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2fs
כִּי (ki) is a conjunction primarily meaning 'that,' 'for,' or 'when.' It indicates causal relationships and can express conditions like 'if' or 'though.' The word is versatile, appearing in various contexts to convey certainty, exception, or concession. Notably, it can combine with other particles to modify its meaning, such as in the phrase כִּי אם־ (ki im), meaning 'that if.'
כִּי conj. that, for, when
that
Of time, when, of the past
elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
Because, since
base
כִּי אם־
each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:
that if
for if
(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—
limiting the prec. clause, except
the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
after an oath, surely
base
כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
base
H3588a כִּי that, for, when . that
. . Of time, when, of the past
. elsewhere כִּי has a force approximating to if, though it usu. represents a case as more likely to occur than אִם
. when or if, with a concessive force, i.e. though
. Because, since
H3588b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if
. for if
. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except
. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but
. after an oath, surely
H3588c כִּי עַל כֵּן forasmuch as
3588 kiy kee
a primitive particle (the full form of the prepositional
prefix) indicating causal relations of all kinds, antecedent
or consequent; (by implication) very widely used as a relative
conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by
other particles annexed:--and, + (forasmuch, inasmuch,
where-)as, assured(-ly), + but, certainly, doubtless, + else,
even, + except, for, how, (because, in, so, than) that, +
nevertheless, now, rightly, seeing, since, surely, then,
therefore, + (al- )though, + till, truly, + until, when,
whether, while, whom, yea, yet.
כִּי (ki) — for.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
1e) that if, for if, indeed if, for though, but if
1f) but rather, but
1g) except that
1h) only, nevertheless
1i) surely
1j) that is
1k) but if
1l) for though
1m) forasmuch as, for therefore
כִּי [אם] (ki im) — that if: except.
1) except if
1a) but if
1b) even though
כִּי [עַל כֵּן] (ki [al ken]) — for as that: since.
1) that, for, because, when, as though, as, because that, but, then, certainly, except, surely, since
1a) that
1a1) yea, indeed
1b) when (of time)
1b1) when, if, though (with a concessive force)
1c) because, since (causal connection)
1d) but (after negative)
HTc — ParticleHTc
for (ki (conjunction), le, from 'el (preposition), and various other words. In the New Testament also the words are various, chiefly gar, kai gar, hoti (conjunctions); anti apo eis dia (accusative), epi (dative and accusative), peri (genitive), pros (genitive and accusative), huper (genitive) (prepositions)): the English Revised Version and the American Standard Revised Version give in many cases more literal or more accurate renderings than those in the King James Version.
In the New Testament the most important preps. from a doctrinal point of view are anti, "face to face," "over against," "instead," "on behalf of," peri, "around," "about," "concerning," huper, "over," "on behalf of." The first has been claimed as stating the substitutionary nature of Christ's sacrifice as contrasted with huper and peri, more frequently used of it. But, although anti in the New Testament often means…
הוּא (hu) is a third-person singular pronoun meaning he, she, or it, used for emphasis or when no verb is present. It can also refer to oneself or serve as a demonstrative pronoun. The word has various nuances, including resuming the subject with emphasis or expressing it unobtrusively. It can indicate 'that' or 'those' when used with the definite article.
הוּא m. הִיא f., pron. of the 3rd ps. sing. he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it
an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
It resumes the subj. with emph.
Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
As an emph. predicate, of God
In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
base
H1931 הוּא, הִיא he, she, used also (in both genders) for the neuter it . an emph. he (she, it, they), sometimes equivalent to himself (herself, itself, themselves), or (esp. with the art.) that (those)
. It resumes the subj. with emph.
. Where, however, the pron. follows the pred., its position gives it the minimum of emphasis, and it expresses (or resumes) the subject as unobtrusively as possible
. It anticipates (as it seems) the subject
. As an emph. predicate, of God
. In a neuter sense, that, it (of an action, occurrence, matte, etc.)
. With the art.: so regularly when joined to a subst. defined itself by the art.
1931 huw' hoo
of which the feminine (beyond the Pentateuch) is hiyw {he}; a
primitive word, the third person pronoun singular, he (she or
it); only expressed when emphatic or without a verb; also
(intensively) self, or (especially with the article) the same;
sometimes (as demonstrative) this or that; occasionally
(instead of copula) as or are:--he, as for her, him(-self),
it, the same, she (herself), such, that (...it), these, they,
this, those, which (is), who.
הוּא (hu) — he/she/it.
pron 3p s
1) he, she, it
1a) himself (with emphasis)
1b) resuming subj with emphasis
1c) (with minimum emphasis following predicate)
1d) (anticipating subj)
1e) (emphasising predicate)
1f) that, it (neuter) demons pron
2) that (with article)
HPp3ms — PronounHPp3ms
ha: The fifth letter of the Hebrew alphabet; transliterated in this Encyclopedia as "h." It came also to be used for the number 5. For name, etc., see ALPHABET.
The Hebrew word אָדוֹן (*'adown*) means 'lord' and is derived from a root meaning to rule. It covers a range of meanings, referring to both human and divine authority, including terms like master, king, and superintendent. Variations exist for divine references, such as אֲדֹנָי (*Adonai*), distinguishing God from human lords.
אָדוֹן n.m. lord (אֲדֹנִי, אֲדֹנַי, אֲדֹנָי are variations of Mass. pointing to distinguish divine reference fr. human. Pl., with few exc. an intens. pl. of rank; word takes sf. as pl. in all other pers.; so doubtless here. Orig. reading prob. in all cases אֲדֹנַי; אֲדֹנִי now found in J 51 t.)
base
H113 אָדוֹן lord
113 'adown aw-done'
or (shortened) adon {aw-done'}; from an unused root (meaning
to rule); sovereign, i.e. controller (human or divine):--
lord, master, owner. Compare also names beginning with
"Adoni-".
אָדוֹן (a.don) — lord.
1) firm, strong, lord, master
1a) lord, master
1a1) reference to men
1a1a) superintendent of household, of affairs
1a1b) master
1a1c) king
1a2) reference to God
1a2a) the Lord God
1a2b) Lord of the whole earth
1b) lords, kings
1b1) reference to men
1b1a) proprietor of hill of Samaria
1b1b) master
1b1c) husband
1b1d) prophet
1b1e) governor
1b1f) prince
1b1g) king
1b2) reference to God
1b2a) Lord of lords (probably = "thy husband, Yahweh")
1c) my lord, my master
1c1) reference to men
1c1a) master
1c1b) husband
1c1c) prophet
1c1d) prince
1c1e) king
1c1f) father
1c1g) Moses
1c1h) priest
1c1i) theophanic angel
1c1j) captain
1c1k) general recognition of superiority
1c2) reference to God
1c2a) my Lord, my Lord and my God
1c2b) Adonai (parallel with Yahweh)
HNcmpc/Sp2fs — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffixHNcmpc/Sp2fs
The Hebrew word שָׁחָה (*shachah*) is a primitive root meaning to bow down or prostrate oneself, particularly in homage to a superior or in worship before God. It can also imply a figurative sense of being depressed by anxiety. The entries highlight its use in various contexts, including worship of both God and false gods.
[שָׁחָה] 172 vb. bow down
Qal bow down
Hiph. fig., anxiety depresses it
Hithpa‛lēl
bow down, prostrate oneself, before a monarch or superior, in homage, etc.
before God, in worship
before other gods
base
H7812 שָׁחָה bow down .bow down
. fig., anxiety depresses it
.. bow down, prostrate oneself, before a monarch or superior, in homage, etc.
. before God, in worship
. before other gods
7812 shachah shaw-khaw'
a primitive root; to depress, i.e. prostrate (especially
reflexive, in homage to royalty or God):--bow (self) down,
crouch, fall down (flat), humbly beseech, do (make) obeisance,
do reverence, make to stoop, worship.
שָׁחָה (sha.chah) — to bow.
1) to bow down
1a) (Qal) to bow down
1b)(Hiphil) to depress (fig)
1c) (Hithpael)
1c1) to bow down, prostrate oneself
1c1a) before superior in homage
1c1b) before God in worship
1c1c) before false gods
1c1d) before angel
HC/Vvv2fs — Conjunction · verb pilpel imperative second person feminine singularHC/Vvv2fs
וֹ (o) — him.
Personal object pronoun - suffix for propositions and verbs without an object: 3rd person masculine singular
HR/Sp3ms — Preposition · suffixHR/Sp3ms
