Psalms 36:10 — Word Study
WLCמְשֹׁ֣ךְ חַ֭סְדְּךָ לְיֹדְעֶ֑יךָ וְ֝צִדְקָֽתְךָ֗ לְיִשְׁרֵי־ לֵֽב׃
BSAforkîy withʻim fountainmâqôwr alivechay lightʼôwr Providerrâʼâh lightʼôwr
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| מְשֹׁ֣ךְ | prolong | Verb, Qal, imperative second person masculine singular |
| חַ֭סְדְּךָ | covenant loyalty your | Noun common masculine singular construct, suffix |
| לְיֹדְעֶ֑יךָ | to [those who] know you | Preposition, verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common, suffix |
| וְ֝צִדְקָֽתְךָ֗ | and righteousness your | Conjunction, noun common feminine singular construct, suffix |
| לְיִשְׁרֵי־ | to [people] upright of | Preposition |
| לֵֽב׃ | heart | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | Extend Your loving devotion to those who know You, and Your righteousness to the upright in heart. |
| KJV | O continue thy lovingkindness unto them that know thee; and thy righteousness to the upright in heart. |
| ASV | Oh continue thy lovingkindness unto them that know thee, And thy righteousness to the upright in heart. |
| YLT | Draw out Thy kindness to those knowing Thee, And Thy righteousness to the upright of heart. |
| WEB | Oh continue your loving kindness to those who know you, your righteousness to the upright in heart. |
| BBE | O let there be no end to your loving mercy to those who have knowledge of you, or of your righteousness to the upright in heart. |
Translations agree on the essential meaning of the verse, with variations in specific word choices.
The sentence is structured with a main clause followed by a conjunction and a second clause, emphasizing the dual requests made to God.
7 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
verbכִּי
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 36:10
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Prayer for Divine Favorgenerated
Psalm 36:10 is part of a prayer where the psalmist seeks God's loving devotion and righteousness. The verses surrounding this request emphasize God's role as the source of life and light, highlighting the relationship between divine favor and the moral integrity of those who seek Him. This psalm reflects a deep understanding of the need for God's mercy and justice in the lives of the faithful.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 103:17 | But from everlasting to everlasting the loving devotion of the LORD extends to those who fear Him, and His righteousness to their children’s children— |
| 2 | Jeremiah 31:3 | The LORD appeared to us in the past, saying: “I have loved you with an everlasting love; therefore I have drawn you with loving devotion. |
| 3 | John 15:9–10 | As the Father has loved Me, so have I loved you. Remain in My love. |
| 4 | 1 Peter 1:5 | who through faith are shielded by God’s power for the salvation that is ready to be revealed in the last time. |
| 5 | Psalm 9:10 | Those who know Your name trust in You, for You, O LORD, have not forsaken those who seek You. |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 16 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — מְשֹׁ֣ךְ, me.Shokhgenerated
The Hebrew word מְשֹׁךְ (me.Shokh) is an imperative verb meaning 'to prolong' or 'to draw out'. It is used in various contexts, such as drawing a bow or extending time, indicating an action that requires intention and purpose.
In this verse, it calls on God to extend His loving devotion, suggesting a desire for His kindness to be actively present in the lives of those who know Him. The imperative form emphasizes the urgency and earnestness of the psalmist's request.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse consists of two main clauses connected by the conjunction וְ, and. The first clause, with the verb מְשֹׁ֣ךְ, extend, governs the request for loving devotion, while the second clause requests righteousness for the upright in heart.
The structure emphasizes God's action towards two specific groups: those who know Him and those who are upright, highlighting the relationship between divine favor and moral integrity.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates מְשֹׁ֣ךְ as ὅτι (hoti), indicating a different syntactical approach that may imply a broader understanding of God's intentions rather than a direct command.
This choice shows a slight shift in focus, emphasizing the reason or purpose behind God's actions rather than simply the act of extending kindness.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalm 36:10 is a prayer asking God to extend His loving devotion and righteousness to those who know Him and are upright in heart. The psalmist seeks God's favor for those who have a close relationship with Him, emphasizing the importance of both divine kindness and moral integrity.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
Knowing God refers to a personal and intimate relationship with Him, characterized by trust and understanding of His character and ways.
The psalmist requests God's righteousness to ensure that justice and moral integrity are upheld among those who are upright in heart.
God's loving devotion can manifest through acts of kindness, mercy, and support in the lives of those who seek Him and strive to live righteously.
Being upright in heart signifies a sincere and honest character, reflecting a commitment to living according to God's standards and values.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what ways have I experienced God's loving devotion in my life?
- How can I cultivate a deeper knowledge of God in my daily life?
- What steps can I take to ensure I am living uprightly in heart?
- How can I extend God's kindness and mercy to others around me?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers comment on this verse, emphasizing God's mercy and righteousness as essential for those who seek Him.
They were formed by you so as to be able, if they wished, both to know you and to hope in you, and to enjoy the good things stemming from this.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 36 →
"Show forth Your Mercy unto them that know You; Your Righteousness to them that are of a right heart" [Psalms 36:10].Early Church Fathers on Psalms 36 →
He extends his mercy, not because they know him but in order that they may know him: he extends his righteousness whereby he justifies the ungodly, not because they are upright in heart but that they may become upright in heart.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 36 →
Commentators on this verse — 7 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 36:10 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleO continue thy lovingkindness to them that know thee,.... That is, spiritually and experimentally; and such are they that trust in him and love him: and these are the objects of the love of God; not
Read John Gill on Psalms 36 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryO continue thy lovingkindness unto them that know thee; and thy righteousness to the upright in heart. O continue thy loving-kindness ... that know thee - literally, 'draw out at length [ mªshok (H4900)] thy loving-kindness' (cf.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 36 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleContinue; as this word signifies, . As thou hast begun, so continue the manifestation and exhibition of it, both in this life, and to the next. Or, extend, or draw forth. Let it not be like a fountain sealed, but let it be drawn forth for their comfort. Know thee, i.e. sincerely love thee, as it is explained in the next clause; for knowing implies affection, as , and oft elsewhere. Thy righteousness; which will appear in giving them that protection and assistance which thou art by thy nature inclined, and by thy promise engaged, to give them.
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 36 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 36:10 O continue thy lovingkindness unto them that know thee; and thy righteousness to the upright in heart.Ver. 10. O continue thy lovingkindness] Heb. Draw it out at full length, extend and exercise it, lengthen and perpetuate it. Thus the godly, greatly taken with the sweetness of God’ s house, and rapt in the admiration of his transcendant goodness towards them, pray for a continuance thereof; intimating also by the manner of expression that God’ s peculiar mercies to his are a continued series; there is a connection between them, yea, a concatenation. And as in a chain one link draweth on another, so doth one mercy another, unless we break the chain by our unthankfulness. Unto…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 36 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 10. O continue thy loving-kindness] Literally, "Draw out thy mercy." The allusion to the spring is still kept up. Unto them that know thee] To them who acknowledge thee in the midst of a crooked and perverse generation. And thy righteousness] That grace which justifies the ungodly, and sanctifies the unholy. To the upright in heart.] לישרי לב levishrey leb, to the straight of heart; to those who have but one end in view, and one aim to that end. This is true of every genuine penitent, and of every true believer.
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 36 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges10–12. Concluding prayer for the continuance of God’s lovingkindness and for protection from the wicked, with a confident anticipation of the final downfall of evil-doers. Psalms 36:10 springs naturally out of Psa 36:5-9, and Psalms 36:11-12 clearly revert to Psalms 36:1-4.
Read Cambridge on Psalms 36 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleO continue - Margin, as in Hebrew: “draw out at length.” The Hebrew word means “to draw;” hence, “to draw out,” in the sense of “continuing” or “prolonging.” Compare Psalms 85:5; Psalms 109:12; Jeremiah 31:3.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 36 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
Extend Your loving devotion to those who know You, and Your righteousness to the upright in heart.
Oh continue your loving kindness to those who know you, your righteousness to the upright in heart.
Extend Your loving devotion to those who know You, and Your righteousness to the upright in heart.
Extend your loyal love to your faithful followers, and vindicate the morally upright!
Tyndale line
O continue thy lovingkindness unto them that know thee; and thy righteousness to the upright in heart.
Oh continue thy lovingkindness unto them that know thee, And thy righteousness to the upright in heart.
O continue thy lovingkindness unto them that know thee; and thy righteousness to the upright in heart.
O continue thy loving-kindness to them that know thee; and thy righteousness to the upright in heart.
Extend thy louing kindnes vnto them that knowe thee, and thy righteousnesse vnto them that are vpright in heart.
Strictly literal
Continue thy loving-kindness unto them that know thee, and thy righteousness to the upright in heart;
Draw out Thy kindness to those knowing Thee, And Thy righteousness to the upright of heart.
Draw out Your kindness to those knowing You, || And Your righteousness to the upright of heart.
(36:11) Draw down continuously thy kindness unto those that acknowledge thee; and thy righteousness to the upright in heart.
Extend your covenant faithfulness fully to those who know you, your defense to the upright of heart.
From the Latin
For yet a little while, and the wicked shall not be: and thou shalt seek his place, and shalt not find it.
Simplified
Extend your trustworthy love to those who know you, and your goodness to those who truly live right.
O let there be no end to your loving mercy to those who have knowledge of you, or of your righteousness to the upright in heart.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text reads מְשֹׁ֣ךְ חַ֭סְדְּךָ לְיֹדְעֶ֑יךָ וְ֝צִדְקָֽתְךָ֗ לְיִשְׁרֵי־ לֵֽב׃, which is closely matched by the Septuagint, with 5 of the 6 words corresponding directly. This indicates a strong agreement between the two texts.
מְשֹׁ֣ךְ חַ֭סְדְּךָ לְיֹדְעֶ֑יךָ וְ֝צִדְקָֽתְךָ֗ לְיִשְׁרֵי־ לֵֽב׃
5 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 36:10
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
מָשַׁךְ (mashak) is a Hebrew verb meaning to draw or drag, with a wide range of applications. It can refer to actions like drawing a bow, prolonging time, or trailing seed during sowing. The entries also note uses in contexts of sound and cheer, as well as implications of height and postponement.
מָשַׁךְ vb. draw, drag
Qal
draw and lift out of
draw the bow
proceed, march
draw out a sound, give a sound
draw out, prolong, continue
trail seed (draw along in sowing)
(late) cheer (draw, attract, gratigy)
Niph. they shall not be prolonged (days of Babylon); it shall not be postponed
Pu. long drawn out: of persons, = tall; hope postponed, deferred
base
H4900 מָשַׁךְ draw, drag .. draw and lift out of
. draw the bow
. proceed, march
. draw out a sound, give a sound
. draw out, prolong, continue
. trail seed (draw along in sowing)
. (late) cheer (draw, attract, gratigy)
. they shall not be prolonged (days of Babylon); it shall not be postponed
. long drawn out: of persons, = tall; hope postponed, deferred
4900 mashak maw-shak'
a primitive root; to draw, used in a great variety of
applications (including to sow, to sound, to prolong, to
develop, to march, to remove, to delay, to be tall,
etc.):--draw (along, out), continue, defer, extend, forbear,
X give, handle, make (pro-, sound)long, X sow, scatter,
stretch out.
מָשַׁךְ (ma.shakh) — to draw.
1) to draw, drag, seize
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to draw (and lift out), drag along, lead along, drag or lead off, draw down
1a2) to draw (the bow)
1a3) to proceed, march
1a4) to draw out or give (a sound)
1a5) to draw out, prolong, continue
1a6) to trail (seed in sowing)
1a7) to cheer, draw, attract, gratify
1b) (Niphal) to be drawn out
1c) (Pual)
1c1) to be drawn out, be postponed, be deferred
1c2) to be tall
HVqv2ms — Verb · Qal · imperative second person masculine singularHVqv2ms
pro-long' ('arakh, mashakh): "Prolong," "prolonged" are the translations of 'arakh, "to stretch," "to make long" (De 4:26, and frequently, "prolong days"; De 4:40, etc.; Job 6:11 the King James Version; Pr 28:16; Ec 7:15; 8:13; Isa 53:10); of mashakh, "to draw out" (Isa 13:22; Eze 12:25,28 the King James Version); of yacaph, "to add," "to increase" (Ps 61:6;
חֶ֫סֶד (che.sed) primarily means kindness or goodness, often referring to the kindness of people towards one another, especially towards the needy. It can also denote God's lovingkindness and mercy. Additionally, it has a secondary meaning of shame or reproach. The entries reflect a range of uses, from human interactions to divine attributes.
חֶ֫סֶד 247 n.m. goodness, kindness
of man:
kindness of men toward men, in doing favours and benefits
kindness (especially as extended to the lowly, needy and miserable), mercy
(rarely) affection of Isr. to י׳, love to God, piety
lovely appearance
of God: kindness, lovingkindness in condescending to the needs of his creatures.
base
חֶ֫סֶד n.m. shame, reproach
base
H2617a חֶ֫סֶד goodness, kindness . of man: . kindness of men toward men, in doing favours and benefits
. kindness (especially as extended to the lowly, needy and miserable), mercy
. (rarely) affection of Isr. to י׳, love to God, piety
. lovely appearance
. of God: kindness, lovingkindness in condescending to the needs of his creatures.
H2617b חֶ֫סֶד shame, reproach
2617 checed kheh'-sed
from 2616; kindness; by implication (towards God) piety:
rarely (by opposition) reproof, or (subject.) beauty:--favour,
good deed(-liness, -ness), kindly, (loving-)kindness, merciful
(kindness), mercy, pity, reproach, wicked thing.
see HEBREW for 02616
חֶ֫סֶד (che.sed) — kindness.
goodness, kindness, faithfulness
חֶ֫סֶד (che.sed) — shame.
a reproach, shame
HNcmsc/Sp2ms — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffixHNcmsc/Sp2ms
יָדַע (yada`) is a Hebrew verb meaning 'to know,' encompassing a wide range of senses including perception, recognition, and experience. It can refer to knowing someone intimately or being skilled in a task. The word has various forms, indicating actions such as making known or being made known. Lexicons note its use in both literal and figurative contexts, but there is no significant disagreement among them.
יָדַע 943 vb. know
Qal
know, learn to know
perceive
perceive and see; find out and discern
discriminate, distinguish
know by experience
recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess
consider
not know = not expect
know a person, be acquainted with
know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse
know how, to do a thing, be able to do it
be skilful in
abs. have knowledge, be wise
Niph.
be made known, be or become known, of things
make oneself known of pers.
be perceived
be instructed
Pi. cause to know
Pu. known
Hiph. make known, declare
Hoph. made known
Hithp. make oneself known
base
H3045 יָדַע know .. . know, learn to know
. perceive
. perceive and see; find out and discern
. discriminate, distinguish
. know by experience
. recognize, admit, acknowledge, confess
. consider
. not know = not expect
. know a person, be acquainted with
. know a person carnally, of sexual intercourse
. . know how, to do a thing, be able to do it
. be skilful in
. abs. have knowledge, be wise
. . be made known, be or become known, of things
. make oneself known of pers.
. be perceived
. be instructed
. cause to know
. known
. make known, declare
. made known
. make oneself known
3045 yada` yaw-dah'
a primitive root; to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing);
used in a great variety of senses, figuratively, literally,
euphemistically and inferentially (including observation,
care, recognition; and causatively, instruction, designation,
punishment, etc.) (as follow):--acknowledge, acquaintance(-ted
with), advise, answer, appoint, assuredly, be aware,
(un-)awares, can(-not), certainly, comprehend, consider, X
could they, cunning, declare, be diligent, (can, cause to)
discern, discover, endued with, familiar friend, famous, feel,
can have, be (ig-)norant, instruct, kinsfolk, kinsman, (cause
to let, make) know, (come to give, have, take) knowledge, have
(knowledge), (be, make, make to be, make self) known, + be
learned, + lie by man, mark, perceive, privy to, X
prognosticator, regard, have respect, skilful, shew, can (man
of) skill, be sure, of a surety, teach, (can) tell,
יָדַע (ya.da) — to know.
1) to know
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to know
1a1a) to know, learn to know
1a1b) to perceive
1a1c) to perceive and see, find out and discern
1a1d) to discriminate, distinguish
1a1e) to know by experience
1a1f) to recognise, admit, acknowledge, confess
1a1g) to consider
1a2) to know, be acquainted with
1a3) to know (a person carnally)
1a4) to know how, be skilful in
1a5) to have knowledge, be wise
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be made known, be or become known, be revealed
1b2) to make oneself known
1b3) to be perceived
1b4) to be instructed
1c) (Piel) to cause to know
1d) (Poal) to cause to know
1e) (Pual)
1e1) to be known
1e2) known, one known, acquaintance (participle)
1f) (Hiphil) to make known, declare
1g) (Hophal) to be made known
1h) (Hithpael) to make oneself known, reveal oneself
Aramaic equivalent: ye.da (יְדַע "to know" H3046)
HR/Vqrmpc/Sp2ms — Preposition · verb qal participle (active) masculine plural common · suffixHR/Vqrmpc/Sp2ms
צְדָקָה (tsdaqah) means 'righteousness' and encompasses various aspects such as justice, truthfulness, and ethical rightness. It can refer to God's attribute of sovereignty, righteousness in governance, and even justification or salvation. The term also implies righteous acts and has an Aramaic equivalent, צִדְקָה (tsid.qah).
צְדָקָה 157 n.f. righteousness
righteousness, in government
God's attribute as sovereign
righteousness, in a case or cause
righteousness = truthfulness
righteousness, as ethically right
righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc.
pl. righteous acts
base
H6666 צְדָקָה righteousness . righteousness, in government
. God's attribute as sovereign
. righteousness, in a case or cause
. righteousness = truthfulness
. righteousness, as ethically right
. righteousness as vindicated, justification, salvation, etc.
. pl. righteous acts
6666 tsdaqah tsed-aw-kaw'
from 6663; rightness (abstractly), subjectively (rectitude),
objectively (justice), morally (virtue) or figuratively
(prosperity):--justice, moderately, right(-eous)
(act, -ly, -ness).
see HEBREW for 06663
צְדָקָה (tse.da.qah) — righteousness.
1) justice, righteousness
1a) righteousness (in government)
1a1) of judge, ruler, king
1a2) of law
1a3) of Davidic king Messiah
1b) righteousness (of God's attribute)
1c) righteousness (in a case or cause)
1d) righteousness, truthfulness
1e) righteousness (as ethically right)
1f) righteousness (as vindicated), justification, salvation
1f1) of God
1f2) prosperity (of people)
1g) righteous acts
Aramaic equivalent: tsid.qah (צִדְקָה "righteousness" H6665)
HC/Ncfsc/Sp2ms — Conjunction · noun common feminine singular construct · suffixHC/Ncfsc/Sp2ms
יָשָׁר (yashar) means straight or upright, covering a range of meanings from physical straightness to moral correctness. It can refer to something that is pleasing, just, or fitting, as well as the concept of uprightness itself. The term is also associated with a figure named Jashar, mentioned in Joshua 10:13.
יָשָׁר adj. straight, right
straight, level
right, pleasing
straightforward, just, upright
abstr., uprightness
base
H3477 יָשָׁר straight, right . straight, level
. right, pleasing
. straightforward, just, upright
. abstr., uprightness
3477 yashar yaw-shawr'
from 3474; straight (literally or figuratively):--convenient,
equity, Jasher, just, meet(-est), + pleased well right(-eous),
straight, (most) upright(-ly, -ness).
see HEBREW for 03474
יָשָׁר (ya.shar) — upright.
1) straight, upright, correct, right
1a) straight, level
1b) right, pleasing, correct
1c) straightforward, just, upright, fitting, proper
1d) uprightness, righteous, upright
1e) that which is upright (subst)
Also means: ya.shar (יָשָׁר "upright" H3477I)
יָשָׁר (ya.shar) — Jashar.
A man living before Israel's Monarchy, first mentioned at Jos.10.13
יָשָׁר (ya.shar) — upright.
1) straight, upright, correct, right
1a) straight, level
1b) right, pleasing, correct
1c) straightforward, just, upright, fitting, proper
1d) uprightness, righteous, upright
1e) that which is upright (subst)
HR/Aampc — PrepositionHR/Aampc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word לֵב (lev) means 'heart' and encompasses the inner man, mind, will, and emotions. It refers to the center of feelings, intellect, and moral character, as well as the seat of appetites and courage. The entries suggest a broad range of meanings related to human experience and thought, with a specific mention of its use in Jeremiah 51:1.
לֵב 599 n.m. (f.) inner man, mind, will, heart
seldom of things in the midst of the sea
elsewhere of men
the inner man in contrast with the outer
the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
specific reference to mind
spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
spec. ref. to conscience
[various]
for the man himself
as seat of appetites
as seat of emotions and passions
seat of courage
base
לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash Je 51:1.
ref
H3820a לֵב inner man, mind, will, heart . seldom of things in the midst of the sea
. elsewhere of men . the inner man in contrast with the outer
. the inner man, indef., soul, comprehending mind, affections and will
. specific reference to mind
. spec. ref. to inclinations, resolutions and determinations of the will
. spec. ref. to conscience
. [various]
. for the man himself
. as seat of appetites
. as seat of emotions and passions
. seat of courage
H3820b לֵב קָמָי prob. late Atbash
3820 leb labe
a form of 3824; the heart; also used (figuratively) very
widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect;
likewise for the centre of anything:--+ care for, comfortably,
consent, X considered, courag(-eous), friend(-ly), ((broken-),
(hard-), (merry-), (stiff-), (stout-), double) heart((-ed)), X
heed, X I, kindly, midst, mind(-ed), X regard((-ed)), X
themselves, X unawares, understanding, X well, willingly,
wisdom.
see HEBREW for 03824
לֵב (lev) — heart.
1) inner man, mind, will, heart, understanding
1a) inner part, midst
1a1) midst (of things)
1a2) heart (of man)
1a3) soul, heart (of man)
1a4) mind, knowledge, thinking, reflection, memory
1a5) inclination, resolution, determination (of will)
1a6) conscience
1a7) heart (of moral character)
1a8) as seat of appetites
1a9) as seat of emotions and passions 1a10) as seat of courage
לֵב (lev) — Leb.
§ Leb- = "heart of"
(probably a cryptic name for Babylon by Atbash)
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
hart (lebh, lebhabh; kardia): The different senses in which the word occurs in the Old Testament and the New Testament may be grouped under the following heads:
1. Various Meanings:
It represents in the first place the bodily organ, and by easy transition those experiences which affect or are affected by the body. Fear, love, courage, anger, Joy, sorrow, hatred are always ascribed to the heart--especially in the Old Testament; thus courage for which usually ruach is used (Ps 27:14); joy (Ps 4:7); anger (De 19:6, "while his heart is hot," lebhabh); fear (1Sa 25:37); sorrow (Ps 13:2), etc.
Heart
According to the Bible, the heart is the centre not only of spiritual activity, but of all the operations of human life. “Heart” and “soul” are often used interchangeably (Deut. 6:5; 26:16; comp. Matt. 22:37; Mark 12:30, 33), but this is not generally the case.
The heart is the “home of the personal life,” and hence a man is designated, according to his heart, wise (1 Kings 3:12, etc.), pure (Ps. 24:4; Matt. 5:8, etc.), upright and righteous (Gen. 20:5, 6;