Psalms 17:4 — Word Study
WLCלִפְעֻלּ֣וֹת אָ֭דָם בִּדְבַ֣ר שְׂפָתֶ֑יךָ אֲנִ֥י שָׁ֝מַ֗רְתִּי אָרְח֥וֹת פָּרִֽיץ׃
BSAAs for the deedspᵉʻullâh [works, actions] of menʼâdâm by the worddâbâr [thing, matter] of Your lipssâphâh [language, speech] ◂Iʼănîy have avoidedshâmar■ [kept myself from, observed] the waysʼôrach [paths, journey] of the violentpᵉrîyts [destructive, cruel]
| Greek | English | Parsing |
|---|---|---|
| לִפְעֻלּ֣וֹת | to [the] deeds of | Preposition, noun common feminine plural construct |
| אָ֭דָם | humankind | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
| בִּדְבַ֣ר | by [the] word of | Preposition, noun common masculine singular construct |
| שְׂפָתֶ֑יךָ | lips your | Noun common feminine dual construct, suffix |
| אֲנִ֥י | I | Pronoun |
| שָׁ֝מַ֗רְתִּי | I have watched | Verb, Qal, perfect first person common singular |
| אָרְח֥וֹת | [the] paths of | Noun common, feminine plural construct |
| פָּרִֽיץ׃ | violent person[s] | Noun common, masculine singular absolute |
Every word in the verse. Click a row to open it in the panel on the left.
| BSB | As for the deeds of men— by the word of Your lips I have avoided the ways of the violent. |
| KJV | Concerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the paths of the destroyer. |
| ASV | As for the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the ways of the violent. |
| YLT | As to doings of man, Through a word of Thy lips I have observed The paths of a destroyer; |
| WEB | As for the deeds of men, by the word of your lips, I have kept myself from the ways of the violent. |
| BBE | As for the works of men, by the word of your lips I have kept myself from the ways of the violent. |
Where they part company is שְׂפָתֶיךָ — see How Translations Differ.
The main clause introduces the subject matter, followed by phrases that elaborate on the means and the specific actions avoided.
8 commentators on this verse
Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them ›
clause
subjectאֲנִי
verbשָׁמַר
The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.
Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.
Deep Study — Psalms 17:4
Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.
Context — A Reflection on Integritygenerated
Psalms 17:4 presents a personal declaration of the psalmist, who contrasts the actions of humanity with his own choices guided by God's word. This verse emphasizes the importance of divine instruction in avoiding the paths of violence and destruction, reflecting a broader theme of moral integrity found throughout the psalms.
Cross References
| Reference | Text (BSB) | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Psalm 14:1–3 | The fool says in his heart, “There is no God.” They are corrupt; their acts are vile. There is no one who does good. |
| 2 | Genesis 6:5–11 | Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great upon the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was altogether evil all the time. |
| 3 | Job 15:16 | how much less man, who is vile and corrupt, who drinks injustice like water? |
| 4 | Job 31:33 | if I have covered my transgressions like Adam by hiding my guilt in my heart, |
| 5 | 1 Corinthians 3:3 | for you are still worldly. For since there is jealousy and dissension among you, are you not worldly? Are you not walking in the way of man? |
The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 15 references, hung on the phrase they belong to
The Key Word — פְּעֻלָּה, lif.'u.Lotgenerated
The word פְּעֻלָּה (pe'ullah) refers to deeds or actions, specifically the results or rewards of one's labor. It derives from the root פָּעַל (pa'al), which relates to performing or accomplishing tasks. In this context, it highlights the tangible outcomes of human behavior, suggesting that actions have consequences.
The use of this term in the verse underscores the contrast between the psalmist's choices and the deeds of others, emphasizing a commitment to righteousness as a response to the actions of the violent.
How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated
This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.
Sentence Structuregenerated
The verse is structured around one main clause, with the finite verb שָׁמַרְתִּי, I have watched, governing the sentence. It is followed by a prepositional phrase indicating the means of this action, and a noun phrase that describes what has been avoided.
The Hebrew word order places emphasis on the psalmist's personal commitment, with the subject אֲנִי (I) coming first, highlighting the individual nature of this declaration.
Septuagint Backgroundgenerated
The Septuagint translates פְּעֻלָּה as ἔργα (erga), meaning 'works' or 'deeds'. This choice aligns with the Hebrew meaning but broadens the interpretation to include all forms of labor or effort, not just moral actions.
The translation of שְׂפָתֶיךָ as σου (sou, 'your') indicates a direct address to God, maintaining the personal relationship emphasized in the Hebrew text.
In plain words — the whole versegenerated
Psalms 17:4 shows the psalmist declaring that he has avoided the paths of violent people by following the guidance found in God's words. This highlights the importance of divine instruction in making moral choices and staying away from wrongdoing.
Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated
To avoid the ways of the violent means to steer clear of actions and behaviors that are destructive or harmful, choosing instead a path of righteousness.
God's word provides guidance and wisdom, helping individuals discern right from wrong and encouraging them to live in a way that aligns with divine principles.
Referring to 'the deeds of men' highlights the contrast between human actions, which can often be violent or corrupt, and the psalmist's commitment to a higher moral standard.
The emphasis on 'I' indicates the psalmist's personal responsibility and commitment to following God's guidance, showcasing individual integrity in the face of societal wrongdoing.
Reflection Questionsgenerated
- In what areas of my life do I need to seek God's guidance to avoid negative influences?
- How can I apply the teachings of God's word to my daily decisions?
- What are some examples of violent actions in today's world that I should be aware of?
- How can I encourage others to follow a path of righteousness as the psalmist does?
The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it
Early Church Fathers, including Augustine and Cassiodorus, reflect on the moral implications of this verse, discussing the importance of avoiding sinful paths and the role of divine guidance.
"That My mouth may not speak the works of men" [Psalms 17:4]. That nothing may proceed out of My mouth, but what relates to Your glory and praise;Early Church Fathers on Psalms 17 →
What the Lord has commanded seems hard and harsh, that any who wish to follow him should deny themselves. But nothing can be hard and harsh that is commanded by one who helps us to do what he commands.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 17 →
When sins are avoided, the path is hard, and the ascent is always difficult. But when we slip toward vices, the road is easy and downhill.Early Church Fathers on Psalms 17 →
Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse
Each of these wrote on Psalms 17:4 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.
John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire BibleConcerning the works of men,.... Of wicked men, as to what respects and concerns them, or in the midst of them; in the midst of a wicked generation of men, and their filthy conversation; who appear
Read John Gill on Psalms 17 →Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's CommentaryConcerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the paths of the destroyer.
Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 17 →Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy BibleConcerning the works of men: concerning my care and caution about my words, I have now spoken, , now I may say the like concerning my works. As for the works which men generally practise. Or, because of (as the prefix lamed is oft used, as 22:10 23:9) the works of men. So the sense may be this, Observing and considering the quality of the works of the men of this age, with whom I converse, or of all mankind, some few excepted; considering, I say, how wicked, and unreasonable, and pernicious they are, not only to others, but also to themselves; I was resolved to take more care in the ordering of my own actions. By the word of thy lips, i.e. by the help of thy blessed word, and the excellent…
Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 17 →John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New TestamentsPsalms 17:4 Concerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept [me from] the paths of the destroyer.Ver. 4. Concerning the works of men] sc. Which ought to be done by them according to thy law. Or, which they are wont to do, whether right or wrong, I have not now to say, but this I can safely say by thy mercy, that By the word of thy lips] Which I have taken for the rule and rudder of my life, I have kept me from the paths of the destroyer] Effractoris, of the breach maker; such as is the bridge maker of Rome, at this day. David meaneth that he had shunned the society of graceless persons, Psalms 26:4 Proverbs 24:21 Jeremiah 15:17; and taken heed to his ways, that he offended…
Read John Trapp on Psalms 17 →Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers(4) Concerning the works of men—i.e., as regards the actions of men, or in ordinary human actions; for the expression comp. Job 31:33; and Hosea 6:7, where the margin has Adam.By the word of thy lips.—Some take this clause closely with the foregoing, and render, “against the word,” &c; but the Authorised Version is better. The Divine standard for action, not the human or worldly, influences the writer. I have kept me.—Literally, I for my part have observed ways of violence. But usage (Proverbs 2:20) almost compels us to understand by this, “I have kept ways of violence,” which is impossible here. Hence we have either to give the verb the unusual sense “guard against,” or suppose an error in…
Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 17 →AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the BibleVerse 4. The paths of the destroyer.] Some render, hard or difficult paths, the sense of which is given above. But the passage is exceedingly obscure. My old Psalter translates and paraphrases as follows: - Trans. That my mouthe speke noght the werkes of men, for the wordes of thi lippes I haf keped hard wayse. Par. That es, that nothing passe of my mouthe bot at falles to the louyng of the; noght til werkes of men, that dos o gaynes thy wil; als to say, I spak noght bot gude; and for the wordes of thi lippes, that es, to ful fil the wordes that thi prophetes saide; I kepe hard waies of verteus and of tribulacioun, the qwilk men thynk hard; and for thi thai leve the hard way til heven, and…
Read AdamClarke on Psalms 17 →CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges4. As for the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have shunned the paths of the violent. In regard to his behaviour as a man among men, he has obeyed the Divine precepts, and marked and shunned the ways of violent men, avoiding their example and society. God’s commandments have been his preservation, supplying the rule and the strength for his conduct. ‘The paths of the violent’ are the opposite of the ‘path of life,’ Psalms 16:11. (Proverbs 1:19; Proverbs 2:11-19, &c.). Robbery with violence is mentioned as the commonest form of wrong doing to neighbours (Jeremiah 7:11; Ezekiel 18:10). For illustration of the verse from David’s life see 1 Samuel 25:32 ff; 1 Samuel 24:10 ff.; cp. Psalms…
Read Cambridge on Psalms 17 →Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the BibleConcerning the works of men - In respect to the works or doings of men. The reference is here probably to the ordinary or common doings of mankind, or to what generally characterizes the conduct of men.
Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 17 →The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company
Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.
Modern formal
As for the deeds of men— by the word of Your lips I have avoided the ways of the violent.
As for the deeds of men, by the word of your lips, I have kept myself from the ways of the violent.
As for the deeds of men—by the word of Your lips I have avoided the ways of the violent.
As for the actions of people – just as you have commanded, I have not followed in the footsteps of violent men.
Tyndale line
Concerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the paths of the destroyer.
As for the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the ways of the violent.
As for the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the ways of the violent.
Concerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept me from the paths of the destroyer.
Concerning the workes of men, by the wordes of thy lips I kept mee from the paths of the cruell man.
Strictly literal
Concerning the works of men, by the word of thy lips I have kept from the paths of the violent [man].
As to doings of man, Through a word of Thy lips I have observed The paths of a destroyer;
As for doings of man, || Through a word of Your lips I have observed || The paths of a destroyer;
Among the deeds of men did I observe, by the word of thy lips, the paths of the dissolute.
As for the deeds of mankind, it is at the word of your lips that I have kept myself from the ways of the lawless.
From the Latin
Praising I will call upon the Lord: and I shall be saved from my enemies.
Simplified
With regard to the actions of others: I have done what you told me and I have avoided what violent people do.
As for the works of men, by the word of your lips I have kept myself from the ways of the violent.
Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.
The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank
This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.
Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.
The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran
The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint largely agree, with seven of the eight words matching. The Septuagint provides a different word order and structure, reflecting its own interpretive choices while preserving the essential meaning of the original Hebrew.
לִפְעֻלּ֣וֹת אָ֭דָם בִּדְבַ֣ר שְׂפָתֶ֑יךָ אֲנִ֥י שָׁ֝מַ֗רְתִּי אָרְח֥וֹת פָּרִֽיץ׃
7 of the 8 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.
Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.
The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with
This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.
Lexicons — every word in Psalms 17:4
One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.
Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.
פְּעֻלָּה (pe'ullah) refers to work or recompense, often associated with wages or labor. It is derived from the root word פָּעַל (pa'al), which relates to actions or deeds. The term appears in a poetic or late context, emphasizing its abstract meanings of reward and effort.
[פְּעֻלָּה] n.f. work, recompense (poet. and late)
base
H6468 פְּעֻלָּה work, recompense (poet. and late)
6468 p`ullah peh-ool-law'
feminine passive participle of 6466; (abstractly)
work:--labour, reward, wages, work.
see HEBREW for 06466
פְּעֻלָּה (pe.ul.lah) — wages.
1) work, recompense, reward
1a) work
1b) wages
Prep | N-fp — Preposition · noun common feminine plural constructHR/Ncfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
אָדָם (adam) refers to 'man' or 'mankind,' encompassing both individual humans and the species as a whole. It is also the name of the first man in the Bible, Adam, who is mentioned in various verses, including Genesis 2:19. The term can denote a city in the Jordan valley as well. The entries indicate a range of meanings, but there is no significant disagreement among them.
אָדָם 560 n.m. Gn 1:27 man, mankind
a man = human being
coll. man, mankind
n.pr.m. Adam, first man (without art.)
n.pr.loc. city in Jordan valley (as built?)
base
H120 אָדָם man, mankind . a man = human being
. coll. man, mankind
120 'adam aw-dawm'
from 119; ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the
species, mankind, etc.):--X another, + hypocrite, + common
sort, X low, man (mean, of low degree), person.
see HEBREW for 0119
אָדָם (a.dam) — man.
1) man, mankind
1a) man, human being
1b) man, mankind (much more frequently intended sense in OT)
1c) Adam, first man
1d) city in Jordan valley
אָדָם (a.dam) — the man (Adam).
The first named man living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.2.19;
married to Eve (H2332);
father of: Cain (H7014B), Abel (H1893) and Seth (H8352); also translated "man" at Gen.2.19,21,23; 3.8,9,20; 5.2; "mankind" at Deu.32.8; "others" at Job.31.33;
Another spelling of a.dam (אָדָם "Adam" H0121)
man, human being
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa
דָּבָר (dabar) means 'word' or 'speech' and encompasses a range of meanings including discourse, saying, and matter. It can refer to anything spoken or a topic of discussion, extending to concepts like business or affairs. The entries consistently highlight its use in various contexts, but do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicographers.
דָּבָר 1439 n.m. speech, word
sg. speech, discourse, saying, word, as the sum of that which is spoken
sg. saying, utterance, sentence, as a section of a discourse
sg. a word, words
sg. matter, affair, thing about which one speaks
base
H1697 דָּבָר speech, word . sg. speech, discourse, saying, word, as the sum of that which is spoken
. sg. saying, utterance, sentence, as a section of a discourse
. sg. a word, words
. sg. matter, affair, thing about which one speaks
1697 dabar daw-baw'
from 1696; a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or
thing; adverbially, a cause:--act, advice, affair, answer, X
any such (thing), because of, book, business, care, case,
cause, certain rate, + chronicles, commandment, X
commune(-ication), + concern(-ing), + confer, counsel, +
dearth, decree, deed, X disease, due, duty, effect, +
eloquent, errand, (evil favoured-)ness, + glory, + harm, hurt,
+ iniquity, + judgment, language, + lying, manner, matter,
message, (no) thing, oracle, X ought, X parts, + pertaining, +
please, portion, + power, promise, provision, purpose,
question, rate, reason, report, request, X (as hast) said,
sake, saying, sentence, + sign, + so, some (uncleanness),
somewhat to say, + song, speech, X spoken, talk, task, + that,
X there done, thing (concerning), thought, + thus, tidings,
what(-soever), + wherewith, which, word, work.
see HEBREW for 01696
דָּבָר (da.var) — word.
: word/speech/command
1) speech, word, speaking, thing
1a) speech
1b) saying, utterance
1c) word, words
1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)
דָּבָר (da.var) — word: speaking.
: speaking
1) speech, word, speaking, thing
1a) speech
1b) saying, utterance
1c) word, words
1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)
דָּבָר (da.var) — word: thing.
: thing/matter
1) speech, word, speaking, thing
1a) speech
1b) saying, utterance
1c) word, words
1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)
דָּבָר (da.var) — word: promised.
: promised/duty
1) speech, word, speaking, thing
1a) speech
1b) saying, utterance
1c) word, words
1d) business, occupation, acts, matter, case, something, manner (by extension)
דָּבָר (da.var) — word: deed.
: deed
Prep | N-ms — Preposition · noun common masculine singular constructHR/Ncmsc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
The Hebrew word שָׂפָה (*saphah*) encompasses meanings related to 'lip,' 'speech,' and 'edge.' It is derived from concepts of termination, suggesting boundaries like the edge of a vessel or the bank of a river. The word can refer to physical lips, language, or the edges of various objects, including shores.
שָׂפָה 176 n.f. lip, speech, edge
lip
language
edge: shore of sea; bank of river
base
H8193 שָׂפָה lip, speech, edge . lip
. language
. edge: shore of sea; bank of river
8193 saphah saw-faw'
or (in dual and plural) sepheth {sef-eth'}; probably from
5595 or 8192 through the idea of termination (compare 5490);
the lip (as a natural boundary); by implication, language; by
analogy, a margin (of a vessel, water, cloth, etc.):--band,
bank, binding, border, brim, brink, edge, language, lip,
prating, ((sea-))shore, side, speech, talk, (vain) words.
see HEBREW for 05595
see HEBREW for 08192
see HEBREW for 05490
שָׂפָה (sa.phah) — lips.
: lips/mouth
1) lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brink, brim, side, edge, border, binding
1a) lip (as body part)
1b) language
1c) edge, shore, bank (of cup, sea, river, etc)
שָׂפָה (sa.phah) — lip: words.
: words/language
1) lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brink, brim, side, edge, border, binding
1a) lip (as body part)
1b) language
1c) edge, shore, bank (of cup, sea, river, etc)
שָׂפָה (sa.phah) — lip: edge.
: edge/border/opening
1) lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brink, brim, side, edge, border, binding
1a) lip (as body part)
1b) language
1c) edge, shore, bank (of cup, sea, river, etc)
שָׂפָה (sa.phah) — lip: shore.
: shore/bank(of_sea/river)
1) lip, language, speech, shore, bank, brink, brim, side, edge, border, binding
1a) lip (as body part)
1b) language
1c) edge, shore, bank (of cup, sea, river, etc)
N-fd | Suff — Noun common feminine dual construct · suffixHNcfdc/Sp2ms
אֲנִי, transliterated as aniy, is a first-person singular pronoun meaning 'I' or 'me.' It is often used for emphasis and can also imply possession, as in 'mine' or 'myself.' The word is derived from a form that indicates self-reference, and it appears in various contexts throughout the Old Testament.
אֲנִי, אָ֑נִי pron. 1s. comm. I
base
H589 אֲנִי, אָ֑נִי I
589 'aniy an-ee'
contracted from 595; I:--I, (as for) me, mine, myself, we, X
which, X who.
see HEBREW for 0595
אֲנִי (a.ni) — I.
I (first pers. sing. -usually used for emphasis)
Pron — PronounHPp1bs
The Hebrew word שָׁמַר (*shamar*) is a primitive root meaning to keep, guard, or observe. It encompasses a wide range of actions including protecting, waiting for, and celebrating obligations like the Sabbath. The verb appears in various forms, indicating nuances such as being on guard or refraining from certain actions. It is used extensively in the Old Testament, reflecting both physical and moral vigilance.
שָׁמַר 465 vb. keep, watch, preserve
Qal 425
keep, have charge of
keep, guard, captives
hence, watch for, wait for
watch, observe
keep, retain, of storing up (food)
keep within bounds, restrain
observe, celebrate
keep sabbath
of other obligations
observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom)
sts. י׳ subj.
keep, reserve, weeks of harvest
Niph.
36be on one's guard
keep oneself, refrain, abstain
be kept, guarded
Pi. those paying regard to false vanities
Hithp. I kept myself from
base
H8104 שָׁמַר keep, watch, preserve .. . keep, have charge of
. keep, guard, captives
. hence, watch for, wait for
. watch, observe
. . keep, retain, of storing up (food)
. keep within bounds, restrain
. . observe, celebrate
. keep sabbath
. of other obligations
. observe = follow dictates of (prudence, justice, kindness, wisdom)
. sts. י׳ subj.
. keep, reserve, weeks of harvest
. . be on one's guard
. keep oneself, refrain, abstain
. be kept, guarded
. those paying regard to false vanities
. I kept myself from
8104 shamar shaw-mar'
a primitive root; properly, to hedge about (as with thorns),
i.e. guard; generally, to protect, attend to, etc.:--beward,
be circumspect, take heed (to self), keep(-er, self), mark,
look narrowly, observe, preserve, regard, reserve, save
(self), sure, (that lay) wait (for), watch(-man).
שָׁמַר (sha.mar) — to keep: obey.
: obey/observe
1) to keep, guard, observe, give heed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to keep, have charge of
1a2) to keep, guard, keep watch and ward, protect, save life
1a2a) watch, watchman (participle)
1a3) to watch for, wait for
1a4) to watch, observe
1a5) to keep, retain, treasure up (in memory)
1a6) to keep (within bounds), restrain
1a7) to observe, celebrate, keep (sabbath or covenant or commands), perform (vow)
1a8) to keep, preserve, protect
1a9) to keep, reserve
1b) (Niphal)
1b1) to be on one's guard, take heed, take care, beware
1b2) to keep oneself, refrain, abstain
1b3) to be kept, be guarded
1c) (Piel) to keep, pay heed
1d) (Hithpael) to keep oneself from
שָׁמַר (sha.mar) — to keep: guard.
: guard
1) to keep, guard, observe, give heed
1a) (Qal)
1a1) to keep, have charge of
1a2) to keep, guard, keep watch and ward, protect, save life
1a2a) watch, watchman (participle)
V-Qal-Perf-1cs — Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singularHVqp1cs
אֹ֫רַח (orach) means 'way' or 'path,' and can refer to both literal and figurative routes in life, including one's manner of living or character. It also denotes a traveler or wayfarer. The word is derived from a root meaning a well-trodden road, and it encompasses various aspects of life’s journey.
אֹ֫רַח n.m. way, path
lit.
fig. path, way, of course & fortunes of life
fig. way, of mode of living, or character
by meton. traveller, wayfarer
base
H734 אֹ֫רַח way, path . lit.
. fig. path, way, of course & fortunes of life
. fig. way, of mode of living, or character
. by meton. traveller, wayfarer
734 'orach o'-rakh
from 732; a well-trodden road (literally or figuratively);
also a caravan:--manner, path, race, rank, traveller, troop,
(by-, high-)way.
see HEBREW for 0732
אֹ֫רַח (o.rach) — way.
1) way, path
1a) path, road
1b) the path, way, passing of life (fig.)
1c) way of living (fig.)
1d) traveller, wayfarer (meton)
Aramaic equivalent: o.rach (אֹ֫רַח "way" H0735)
N-cp — Noun common · feminine plural constructHNcfpc
ov:
(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.
OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]
1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.
I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.
For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.
It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.
Lamentations 3:1.
The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.
Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.
That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.
Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…
פָּרִיץ (parits) refers to a violent individual, specifically a robber or murderer. The word is derived from a root meaning to break or destroy. It encompasses terms like tyrant and destroyer, indicating a range of violent behaviors.
פָּרִיץ n.m. violent one (robber, murderer)
base
H6530 פָּרִיץ violent one (robber, murderer)
6530 priyts per-eets'
from 6555; violent, i.e. a tyrant:--destroyer, ravenous,
robber.
see HEBREW for 06555
פָּרִיץ (pe.rits) — violent.
1) violent one, breaker
1a) robber, murderer
N-ms — Noun common · masculine singular absoluteHNcmsa