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Job 31:33 — Word Study

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WLCאִם־ כִּסִּ֣יתִי כְאָדָ֣ם פְּשָׁעָ֑י לִטְמ֖וֹן בְּחֻבִּ֣י עֲוֹֽנִי׃

BSAifʼim I have coveredkâçâh [hid or concealed] my transgressionspeshaʻ [rebellions or sins] by hidingṭâman [concealing or keeping secret] my guiltʻâvôn [iniquity or moral evil] in my heartchôb [bosom or innermost being]

Word
Listen & take awayJob 31
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 33 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration ('a.Vo.ni) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Job 31:33quick helps
In a sentenceJob reflects on the seriousness of concealing his sins, comparing himself to Adam.
Who is speakingJob, expressing his thoughts on personal integrity.
Where we areJob's defense against accusations, detailing his moral conduct.
The hard wordכִּסִּ֣יתִי
Take awayJob emphasizes the importance of honesty about one's faults.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbכָּסָה The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

1 of 7 occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — a word chosen on purpose.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Job 31:33

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — Job's Defense of His Integritygenerated

32but no stranger had to lodge on the street, for my door has been open to the traveler—
33if I have covered my transgressions like Adam by hiding my guilt in my heart,
34because I greatly feared the crowds and the contempt of the clans terrified me, so that I kept silent and would not go outside—
35(Oh, that I had one to hear me! Here is my signature. Let the Almighty answer me; let my accuser compose an indictment.

Job 31:33 is part of Job's speech where he defends his integrity against the accusations of his friends. He reflects on the nature of sin and the temptation to hide one's guilt, drawing a parallel to Adam, the first man who also concealed his wrongdoing. This context reveals Job's desire to be transparent and honest about his actions, contrasting with the notion of hiding sins from God and others.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Genesis 3:7–8And the eyes of both of them were opened, and they knew that they were naked; so they sewed together fig leaves and made coverings for themselves.
2Joshua 7:11Israel has sinned; they have transgressed My covenant that I commanded them, and they have taken some of what was devoted to destruction. Indeed, they have stolen and lied, and they have put these things with their own possessions.
3Proverbs 28:13He who conceals his sins will not prosper, but whoever confesses and renounces them will find mercy.
4Hosea 6:7But they, like Adam, have transgressed the covenant; there they were unfaithful to Me.
5Acts 5:8“Tell me,” said Peter, “is this the price you and your husband got for the land?” “Yes,” she answered, “that is the price.”

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 7 references, hung on the phrase they belong to

as AdamHosea 6:7

The Key Word כִּסִּ֣יתִי, ki.Si.tigenerated

The verb כָּסָה (*kacah*) means to cover or conceal. In this verse, Job uses it to express the act of hiding his transgressions, which implies a deliberate choice to keep his guilt out of sight.

The Piel form indicates an intensive action, suggesting that Job is not merely covering but actively concealing his sins. This choice of words emphasizes the seriousness of the act and its implications for his relationship with God.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

This study reads the verse in the Berean Standard Bible, so the BSB is the wording every comparison below is made against.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The verse has a main clause introduced by the conditional אִם (if) and is followed by two phrases: the first describes the action of covering transgressions, while the second explains how this is done — by hiding guilt in the heart.

The structure emphasizes Job's introspection and moral reasoning, with the verb כִּסִּ֣יתִי being pivotal as it sets the tone for the entire statement.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates the Hebrew word for 'iniquity' as μου (mou), meaning 'my'. This choice narrows the focus to Job's personal guilt, emphasizing the intimate nature of his confession.

This translation highlights the personal aspect of Job's plea, as he acknowledges his own failings rather than discussing sin in a general sense.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Job 31:33 expresses Job's concern about hiding his sins, comparing himself to Adam, who also concealed his wrongdoing. He emphasizes the importance of being honest about one's faults, rather than burying them in secrecy.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does Job mean by 'covering his transgressions'?

Job is reflecting on the act of hiding his sins, suggesting that he has not concealed his wrongdoing as Adam did, and he is committed to honesty.

Why does Job compare himself to Adam?

Job compares himself to Adam to highlight the seriousness of concealing sin, as Adam's hiding of his wrongdoing led to significant consequences.

What is the significance of hiding guilt in one's heart?

Hiding guilt in one's heart suggests an internal struggle with sin and the need for transparency, as Job emphasizes the importance of being open about one's faults.

How does this verse relate to the theme of integrity in Job?

This verse underscores Job's commitment to integrity, as he seeks to distance himself from the act of hiding sin, which he associates with moral failure.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. What are some ways we might be tempted to hide our own faults or sins?
  2. How can we cultivate a heart that is open and honest about our struggles?
  3. In what ways does Job's example challenge us to confront our own guilt?
  4. How does understanding the consequences of hiding sin influence our approach to confession?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Church Fathers have commented on Job's reflections, arguing from this verse about the nature of sin and integrity.

John ChrysostomCOMMENTARY ON Job 31:32-34A c. 347–407
“Because I did not turn away,” he says, “from the great multitude of my people,” that is, away from my subjects, from those who were aware, who knew even the character itself of my fault. This is real wisdom.
Early Church Fathers on Job 31 →
Gregory the DialogistMorals on the Book of Job, Book XXII c. 540–604
If I covered my transgression as man, and did hide mine iniquity in my bosom. But who would not account himself to be a holy man in the midst of such heights of his virtues? Who would not be in some measure tempted by his mere merits alone…
Early Church Fathers on Job 31 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Job 31:33 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

If I covered my transgressions as Adam,.... Job could not be understood, by this account he had given of the holiness of his life, that he thought himself quite free from sin; he had owned himself to

Read John Gill on Job 31 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom: Adam. Translated by Umbreit 'as men do,' (Hosea 6:7, where see the margin). But the English version is more natural. Job elsewhere alludes to the flood.

Read Robert Jamieson on Job 31 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

This he adds to prevent or answer an objection. So the sense is, either, 1. And whereas amongst these and other virtues it may well be presumed that I had divers failings, as I do not now deny them, so I never covered them, but was forward to confess them to God or to men, as I had occasion. Or, (which I propose with submission to better judgments,) 2. If I used all this care and caution in my carriage towards strangers, and enemies, and others only as a cloak to any secret and subtle way of wickedness, such as you accuse me of, and did not seek to purge out all sin as in God’ s sight, but only to hide my sins from men, and to have the better opportunity for oppressing others, or indulging…

Read Matthew Poole on Job 31 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Job 31:33 If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom:Ver. 33. If I covered my transgression as Adam] A transgressor then Job yieldeth himself; the lives of the best alive are fuller of sins than the firmament is of stars, or the furnace of sparks. But he did not act like Adam, or after the manner of men, cover or conceal them, extenuate or excuse them, denying them, as Cain did, Genesis 4:9, and Gehazi, 2 Kings 5:25, and Ananias, Acts 5:8, or at least, dealing with them as the unjust steward did, who for a hundred set down fifty. Adam went about to hide his sin, alleging, non causam pro causa, that for the cause of his flight that was not the true cause…

Read John Trapp on Job 31 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(33) As Adam.—Or, as man, i.e., commonly does. There may or may not be here some indication of acquaintance with the narrative of Genesis. (See the margin.)

Read Charles John Ellicott on Job 31 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 33. If I covered my transgressions as Adam] Here is a most evident allusion to the fall. Adam transgressed the commandment of his Maker, and he endeavoured to conceal it; first, by hiding himself among the trees of the garden: "I heard thy voice, and went and HID myself;" secondly, by laying the blame on his wife: "The woman gave me, and I did eat;" and thirdly, by charging the whole directly on God himself: "The woman which THOU GAVEST ME to be with me, SHE gave me of the tree, and I did eat." And it is very likely that Job refers immediately to the Mosaic account in the Book of Genesis. The spirit of this saying is this: When I have departed at any time from the path of rectitude, I…

Read AdamClarke on Job 31 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

24–34. Repudiation of another class of secret sins, that would have dishonoured him: (1) secret joy in the possession of wealth—that love of gain which is idolatry (Colossians 3:5), Job 31:24-25; (2) a momentary impulse to salute the rising sun or the moon in her splendour and thus be false to the true spiritual God on high, Job 31:26-28; (3) secret joy of heart at the misfortune of his enemy, Job 31:29-30; (4) narrowness of soul and niggardliness, Job 31:31-32; and finally, hypocrisy, Job 31:33-34.

Read Cambridge on Job 31 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

If I covered my transgressions as Adam - That is, if I have attempted to hide or conceal them; if, conscious of guilt, I have endeavored to cloak my sins, and to appear righteous.

Read Albert Barnes on Job 31 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

if I have covered my transgressions like Adam by hiding my guilt in my heart,

WEBWorld English Bible2000

if like Adam I have covered my transgressions, by hiding my iniquity in my heart,

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

if I have covered my transgressions like Adam by hiding my guilt in my heart,

NETBNew English Translation2006

if I have covered my transgressions as men do, by hiding iniquity in my heart,

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom:

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

If like Adam I have covered my transgressions, By hiding mine iniquity in my bosom,

RVARevised Version, American1894

If like Adam I covered my transgressions, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom;

NWBWebster's Bible1833

If I have covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding my iniquity in my bosom:

GNVGeneva Bible1599

If I haue hid my sinne, as Adam, concealing mine iniquitie in my bosome,

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

If I covered my transgressions as Adam, by hiding mine iniquity in my bosom,

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

If I have covered as Adam my transgressions, To hide in my bosom mine iniquity,

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

If I have covered my transgressions as Adam, || To hide my iniquity in my bosom,

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

If I covered up my transgressions like a common man, by hiding in my bosom my iniquity;

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

If, like mankind, I have hidden my sins by hiding my guilt inside my tunic

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

If as a man I have hid my sin, and have concealed my iniquity in my bosom.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

Have I concealed my sins from others, hiding my wrongdoing deep inside me?

BBEBible in Basic English1949

If I kept my evil doings covered, and my sin in the secret of my breast,

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseאִםifclauseverbכִּסִּ֣יתִיI.have.concealedprepositional phrase · prepositionalכְlikeאָדָ֣םhumankindnoun phrase · objectפְּשָׁעָ֑transgressionsיmyprepositional phrase · prepositionalלִbyclauseverbטְמ֖וֹןhidingprepositional phrase · prepositionalבְּinnoun phraseחֻבִּ֣bosomיmynoun phrase · objectעֲוֺֽנִiniquityיmy

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint differ significantly in their treatment of this verse. The Masoretic Text preserves the Hebrew wording, while the Septuagint's rendering does not match the Hebrew closely, indicating a different interpretive approach.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

אִם־ כִּסִּ֣יתִי כְאָדָ֣ם פְּשָׁעָ֑י לִטְמ֖וֹן בְּחֻבִּ֣י עֲוֹֽנִי׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
עֲוֹֽנִי׃μου

1 of the 7 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Job 31:33אִםififאִםכָּסָהI have concI have concealeכָּסָהאָדָםlike Adamlike Adamאָדָםפֶּ֫שַׁעtransgressitransgressions פֶּ֫שַׁעטָמַןby hidingby hidingטָמַןחֹבin bosom myin bosom myחֹבעָוֹןiniquity myiniquity myעָוֹןפָּשַׁעto transgrto transgressפָּשַׁעחָבַבto loveto loveחָבַבכָּשָׂהbe satedbe satedכָּשָׂהאָדָםthe man (Athe man (Adam)אָדָםעָוָהto twistto twistעָוָהאֲבַדto destroyto destroyאֲבַדחַטָּאָהsinsinחַטָּאָהחֵןfavorfavorחֵןיֵשׁtherethereיֵשׁשַׂקsackclothsackclothשַׂקעָנָןcloudcloudעָנָןחָיָהto liveto liveחָיָהאִשָּׁהwomanwomanאִשָּׁהעָוֹןiniquity: iniquity: crimeעָוֹןזוּthisthisזוּרֶ֫שֶׁתnetnetרֶ֫שֶׁתפֶּ֫שַׁעtransgresstransgressionפֶּ֫שַׁע
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Job 31:33

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

if I have concealed like Adam transgressions my by hiding in bosom my iniquity my
אִם־'im- if H518 Particle
1,070× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This Hebrew word is used to express conditions or questions, like if or whether. It can also be used to make oaths or express wishes, as in Oh that! It appears in various forms in the KJV, including if, though, and when.
Tyndale gloss
if
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אִם (im) is a Hebrew conjunction primarily meaning 'if' and is used in various contexts, including conditional clauses and interrogative situations. It can also express negation, alternatives, or exceptions, and appears frequently in the Old Testament. The lexicons note its use in oaths and its ability to connect different clauses, sometimes altering their meanings.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אִם conj.

hypoth. part. if

Interrog. part.

base

כִּי אם־

each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause:

that if

for if

(About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause—

limiting the prec. clause, except

the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

after an oath, surely

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H518a אִם conj. . hypoth. part. if

. Interrog. part.

H518b כִּי אם־ . each part. retaining its independent force, and relating to a different clause: . that if

. for if

. (About 140 t.) the two particles being closely conjoined, and relating to the same clause— . limiting the prec. clause, except

. the if being neglected, and treated as pleonastic, so that the clause is no longer a limitation of the preceding clause but a contradiction of it: but rather, but

. after an oath, surely

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

518 'im eem

a primitive particle; used very widely as demonstrative, lo!;

interrog., whether?; or conditional, if, although; also Oh

that!, when; hence, as a negative, not:--(and, can-,

doubtless, if, that) (not), + but, either, + except, +

more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or,

+ save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, + surely (no more,

none, not), though, + of a truth, + unless, + verily, when,

whereas, whether, while, + yet.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אִם (im) — if.

: if/whether_or/though

1) if

1a) conditional clauses

1a1) of possible situations

1a2) of impossible situations

1b) oath contexts

1b1) no, not

1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or

1d) when, whenever

1e) since

1f) interrogative particle

1g) but rather

[כִּי] אם (ki im) — if: except.

1) except if

1a) but if

אִם (im) — if: surely no.

: surely_no

1) if

1a) conditional clauses

1a1) of possible situations

1a2) of impossible situations

1b) oath contexts

1b1) no, not

1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or

1d) when, whenever

1e) since

1f) interrogative particle

1g) but rather

אִם (im) — if: surely yes.

: surely_yes

1) if

1a) conditional clauses

1a1) of possible situations

1a2) of impossible situations

1b) oath contexts

1b1) no, not

1c) if...if, whether...or, whether...or...or

1d) when, whenever

1e) since

1f) interrogative particle

1g) but rather

אִם (im) — if: until.

: until/except

Read the full entry →
Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Conj — Particle
HTc
The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
if I have concealed like Adam transgressions my by hiding in bosom my iniquity my
כִּסִּ֣יתִיki.Si.ti I have concealed H3680 Verb · Piel · perfect first person common singular
152× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To cover something means to fill up hollows or hide something from view, as seen in many biblical stories. This verb is used in various forms throughout the Bible, such as to cover oneself with clothing or to conceal something for protection. It can also mean to overwhelm or spread over something.
Amplified meaning
hid or concealed
Tyndale gloss
to cover
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word כָּסָה (*kacah*) primarily means to cover or conceal. It encompasses a range of meanings, including to clothe, hide, or overwhelm. The entries describe various forms of the verb, such as being covered or covering oneself, and its use in contexts like protection or sin. There is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[כָּסָה] vb. cover

Qal

conceal

pass. (cstr.) covered in respect of sin (by God, which he thus puts out of sight)

Niph. covered

Pi.

cover, clothe

cover, conceal blood

cover (with covering of protection)

cover, spread over

cover, overwhelm

cover over

Pual.

be covered

be clothed

Hithp. cover, clothe oneself

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3680 כָּסָה cover .. conceal

. pass. (cstr.) covered in respect of sin (by God, which he thus puts out of sight)

. covered

. . cover, clothe

. cover, conceal blood

. cover (with covering of protection)

. cover, spread over

. cover, overwhelm

. cover over

. . be covered

. be clothed

. cover, clothe oneself

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3680 kacah kaw-saw'

a primitive root; properly, to plump, i.e. fill up hollows;

by implication, to cover (for clothing or secrecy):--clad

self, close, clothe, conceal, cover (self), (flee to) hide,

overwhelm. Compare 3780.

see HEBREW for 03780

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כָּסָה (ka.sah) — to cover.

1) to cover, conceal, hide

1a) (Qal) conceal, covered (participle)

1b) (Niphal) to be covered

1c) (Piel)

1c1) to cover, clothe

1c2) to cover, conceal

1c3) to cover (for protection)

1c4) to cover over, spread over

1c5) to cover, overwhelm

1d) (Pual)

1d1) to be covered

1d2) to be clothed

1e) (Hithpael) to cover oneself, clothe oneself

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
V-Piel-Perf-1cs — Verb · Piel · perfect first person common singular
HVpp1cs
if I have concealed like Adam transgressions my by hiding in bosom my iniquity my
כְאָדָ֣םkhe.'a.Dam like Adam H121 Preposition · noun proper masculine
12× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Adam was the first man created by God, and the name also refers to a city in the Jordan valley, with the meaning red.
Tyndale gloss
Adam
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

אָדָם (adam) primarily means 'man' or 'mankind' and refers to Adam, the first man in the Bible. It also denotes a city in the Jordan valley. The name is linked to the meaning 'red.' The entries consistently identify Adam as both a person and a place.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

אָדָם 560 n.m. Gn 1:27 man, mankind

a man = human being

coll. man, mankind

n.pr.m. Adam, first man (without art.)

n.pr.loc. city in Jordan valley (as built?)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H121 אָדָם man, mankind . n. pr. m. Adam, first man

. n. pr. loc. city in the Jordan valley (as built?)

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

121 'Adam aw-dawm'

the same as 120; Adam the name of the first man, also of a

place in Palestine:--Adam.

see HEBREW for 0120

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

אָדָם (a.dam) — Adam.

A man living at the time before the Flood, first mentioned at Gen.2.19;

married to Eve (H2332);

father of: Cain (H7014B), Abel (H1893) and Seth (H8352); also translated "man" at Gen.2.19,21,23; 3.8,9,20; 5.2; "mankind" at Deu.32.8; "others" at Job.31.33;

§ Adam = "red"

1) first man

2) city in Jordan valley

אָדָם (a.dam) — Adam.

Adam = "red"

city in Jordan valley

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Npm — Preposition · noun proper masculine
HR/Npm
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Easton's Bible Dictionary

Adam

Red, a Babylonian word, the generic name for man, having the same meaning in the Hebrew and the Assyrian languages. It was the name given to the first man, whose creation, fall, and subsequent history and that of his descendants are detailed in the first book of Moses (Gen. 1:27-ch. 5). “God created man [Heb., Adam] in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them.”

Adam was absolutely the first man whom God created. He was formed out of the dust of the earth (and hence his name), and God breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and gave him dominion over all the lower creatures (Gen. 1:26; 2:7). He was placed after his creation in the Garden of Eden, to cultivate it, and to enjoy its fruits under this one prohibition: “Of the tree…

Smith's Bible Dictionary

a city on the Jordan, "beside Zaretan," in the time of Joshua. (Joshua 3:16)

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

1. The progenitor and representative head of our race; formed of the dust of the ground, and made a living soul by the Creator’s breath. He was the last work of the creation, and received dominion over all that the earth contained. That he might not be alone, God provided Eve as a helpmeet for him, and she became his wife. Marriage is thus a divine institution, first in order of time, as well as of importance and blessedness to mankind. Adam was made a perfect man-complete in every physical, mental, and spiritual endowment; and placed in the Garden of Eden on probation, holy and happy, but liable to sin. From this estate he fell by breaking the express command of God, through the temptations of Satan and the compliance of Eve; and thus brought the curse upon himself and all his posterity. Sovereign grace interposed; a Savior was revealed, and the full execution of the curse stayed; but…

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

earthy; red

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
if I have concealed like Adam transgressions my by hiding in bosom my iniquity my
פְּשָׁעָ֑יpe.sha.'Ai transgressions my H6588 Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
93× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
Transgression refers to a revolt or rebellion against God or others, resulting in guilt and punishment, as in Genesis 3:6-7. It involves intentional disobedience.
Amplified meaning
rebellions or sins
Tyndale gloss
transgression
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

פֶּ֫שַׁע (pesha`) means transgression and is derived from a root that implies revolt, whether national, moral, or religious. It encompasses various forms of wrongdoing, including offenses against individuals, nations, and God, as well as the associated guilt and punishment. The entries do not indicate any significant disagreement among lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

פֶּ֫שַׁע n.m. transgression

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6588 פֶּ֫שַׁע transgression

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6588 pesha` peh'-shah

from 6586; a revolt (national, moral or

religious):--rebellion, sin, transgression, trespass.

see HEBREW for 06586

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

פֶּ֫שַׁע (pe.sah) — transgression.

1) transgression, rebellion

1a1) transgression (against individuals)

1a2) transgression (nation against nation)

1a3) transgression (against God)

1a3a) in general

1a3b) as recognised by sinner

1a3c) as God deals with it

1a3d) as God forgives

1a4) guilt of transgression

1a5) punishment for transgression

1a6) offering for transgression

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-mp | Suff — Noun common masculine plural construct · suffix
HNcmpc/Sp1bs
if I have concealed like Adam transgressions my by hiding in bosom my iniquity my
לִטְמ֖וֹןlit.Mon by hiding H2934 Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct common
31× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word means to hide or conceal something, often secretly, as in Joshua. It can also mean to bury or lay something aside, out of sight or knowledge.
Amplified meaning
concealing or keeping secret
Tyndale gloss
to hide
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

טָמַן (taman) is a Hebrew verb meaning to hide or conceal. It can refer to hiding something by covering it over, as well as to the act of burying or laying something secretly. The verb appears in various forms, including Qal, Niphal, and Hiphil, indicating different nuances of hiding, such as hiding oneself or causing something to be hidden.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

טָמַן vb. hide, conceal

Qal

hide

often of hiding, concealing, secretly laying a snare

that which is darkened = darkness

Niph. hide thyself in the dust

Hiph. and they went and hid (it)

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2934 טָמַן hide, conceal

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2934 taman taw-man'

a primitive root; to hide (by covering over):--hide, lay

privily, in secret.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

טָמַן (ta.man) — to hide.

1) to hide, conceal, bury

1a) (Qal)

1a1) to hide

1a2) hiding, concealing, secretly laying (participle)

1a3) darkness (participle)

1b) (Niphal) to hide oneself

1c) (Hiphil) to hide

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | V-Qal-Inf-a — Preposition · verb qal infinitive construct common
HR/Vqcc
if I have concealed like Adam transgressions my by hiding in bosom my iniquity my
בְּחֻבִּ֣יbe.chu.Bi in bosom my H2243 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
1× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for breast or bosom, referring to the chest area, is used to describe a place of closeness and intimacy. It is where a child would be held or where valuable items would be kept. This word is found in several Bible verses.
Amplified meaning
bosom or innermost being
Tyndale gloss
breast
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

חֹב (chov) refers to the concept of a bosom or breast, indicating a place of cherishing or closeness. The term is derived from a root that suggests a nurturing aspect, and it appears in contexts such as Job 31:33.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[חֹב] n.[m.] bosom (Aram.) Jb 31:33

ref

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2243 חֹב

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2243 chob khobe

by contraction from 2245; properly, a cherisher, i.e. the

bosom:--bosom.

see HEBREW for 02245

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חֹב (chov) — breast.

bosom

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
Prep | N-ms | Suff — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HR/Ncmsc/Sp1bs
if I have concealed like Adam transgressions my by hiding in bosom my iniquity my
עֲוֹֽנִי׃'a.Vo.ni iniquity my H5771 Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
233× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this Hebrew word means moral evil or sin, like the kind God sees in people's hearts. It appears in many books, including Genesis and Psalms. This concept is key to understanding human nature.
Amplified meaning
iniquity or moral evil
Tyndale gloss
iniquity: crime
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

עָוֹן (avon) refers to iniquity, guilt, or the punishment associated with iniquity. It encompasses concepts of moral evil, such as perversity and depravity, and includes the consequences or punishment for these actions. The term appears in contexts like 2 Kings 7:9 and Psalm 51:5, highlighting its significance in discussions of sin and guilt.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

עָוֹן n.m. iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H5771 עָוֹן iniquity, guilt, or punishment of iniquity

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

5771 `avon aw-vone'

or oavown (2 Kings 7:9; Psalm 51:5 (7)) {aw-vone'}; from

5753; perversity, i.e. (moral) evil:--fault, iniquity,

mischeif, punishment (of iniquity), sin.

see HEBREW for 07

see HEBREW for 05753

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: crime.

: crime

1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity

1a) iniquity

1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)

1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity

עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: guilt.

: guilt

1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity

1a) iniquity

1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)

1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity

עָוֺן (a.van) — iniquity: punishment.

: punishment

1) perversity, depravity, iniquity, guilt or punishment of iniquity

1a) iniquity

1b) guilt of iniquity, guilt (as great), guilt (of condition)

1c) consequence of or punishment for iniquity

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
N-cs | Suff — Noun common masculine singular construct · suffix
HNcmsc/Sp1bs
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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