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Psalms 102:6 — Word Study

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WLCדָּ֭מִיתִי לִקְאַ֣ת מִדְבָּ֑ר הָ֝יִ֗יתִי כְּכ֣וֹס חֳרָבֽוֹת׃

BSAvoiceqôwl sighingʼănâchâh to cleavedâbaq boneʻetsem fleshbâsâr

Word
Listen & take awayPsalms 102
English ↓ Download MP3 The Berean Standard Bible chapter audio already hosted for the site's Bible section — verse 6 is in this chapter.
Hebrew ↓ Download MP3 The Masoretic text of this chapter, read aloud. Read by Abraham Shmuelof, courtesy of Audio Scriptures International. Chapter divisions by the Academy of Ancient Languages..
Say the word Each Hebrew word carries its transliteration (cho.ra.Vot) — no per-word recordings of the Hebrew exist to link to.
Take it away
Psalms 102:6quick helps
In a sentenceThe speaker compares himself to a desert owl, highlighting his loneliness and desolation.
Who is speakingThe psalmist, expressing deep sorrow and isolation.
Where we areIn a lament, reflecting on personal suffering and abandonment.
The hard wordדָּ֭מִיתִי
Take awayThe imagery of the owl emphasizes solitude and desolation.
8 commentators on this verse Gill, Jamieson, Poole, Trapp & more — read them › clause verbמִן The sentence as the grammar sees it Open the tree ›
How rare are these words?in the Old Testament

Every word here is used elsewhere in the Old Testament.

Bars are logarithmic — אֵת, the commonest word in the Hebrew Bible, stands about 11,000 times, so a linear scale would leave everything else invisible. Click a row to open that word.

Deep Study — Psalms 102:6

Sections marked generated are written from the data on this page rather than by a named author. Everything else — the lexicon entries, the cross references, the manuscript readings, the counts — is quoted from its source unchanged.

Context — A Lament of Desolationgenerated

5Through my loud groaning my flesh clings to my bones.
6I am like a desert owl, like an owl among the ruins.
7I lie awake; I am like a lone bird on a housetop.
8All day long my enemies taunt me; they ridicule me and curse me.

Psalms 102:6 expresses the psalmist's deep feelings of loneliness and despair. He uses the metaphor of a desert owl to illustrate his isolation among ruins, a powerful image that conveys his emotional state. This verse is part of a larger lament that reflects on suffering and the feeling of being abandoned, as seen in the surrounding verses.


Cross References

ReferenceText (BSB)
1Job 30:29–30I have become a brother of jackals, a companion of ostriches.
2Isaiah 38:14I chirp like a swallow or crane; I moan like a dove. My eyes grow weak as I look upward. O Lord, I am oppressed; be my security.”
3Micah 1:8Because of this I will lament and wail; I will walk barefoot and naked. I will howl like a jackal and mourn like an ostrich.
4Isaiah 34:11–15The desert owl and screech owl will possess it, and the great owl and raven will dwell in it. The LORD will stretch out over Edom a measuring line of chaos and a plumb line of destruction.
5Zephaniah 2:14Herds will lie down in her midst, creatures of every kind. Both the desert owl and screech owl will roost atop her pillars. Their calls will sound from the window, but desolation will lie on the threshold, for He will expose the beams of cedar.

The Treasury of Scripture Knowledge — 6 references, hung on the phrase they belong to


The Key Word דָּ֭מִיתִי, Da.mi.tigenerated

The verb דָּמִיתִי (damiti) is a perfect form indicating a completed action, meaning 'I am like' or 'I resemble.' It is built from the root דָּמָה (damah), which conveys the idea of similarity or likeness. This word is often used in contexts where comparisons are drawn, emphasizing the psalmist's feeling of being alone.

In this verse, the use of דָּמִיתִי highlights the psalmist's emotional state by likening himself to a solitary bird in a desolate place, reinforcing the themes of abandonment and sorrow.


How Translations Differ — measured against the Berean Standard Biblegenerated

All translations agree on the imagery of the desert owl, reflecting the psalmist's loneliness.


Sentence Structuregenerated

The main verb דָּ֭מִיתִי (I am like) governs the sentence, with two prepositional phrases describing the comparisons. The structure emphasizes the speaker's state of being and the comparisons he draws to illustrate his feelings.

The phrase לִקְאַ֣ת מִדְבָּ֑ר (a desert owl of the wilderness) functions as a noun phrase that specifies the type of owl, while the second comparison כְּכ֣וֹס חֳרָבֽוֹת (like an owl among the ruins) further illustrates the desolation.


Septuagint Backgroundgenerated

The Septuagint translates דָּ֭מִיתִי as ἀπὸ (from), indicating a similar theme of separation and isolation in the Greek rendering. This choice reflects the psalmist's feelings of being distanced from others.

The translation choices in the Septuagint align with the Hebrew text, maintaining the imagery of desolation and solitude.


In plain words — the whole versegenerated

Psalms 102:6 shows the psalmist comparing himself to a desert owl, emphasizing his feelings of loneliness and abandonment. This imagery captures the essence of his sorrow as he reflects on his desolate state.


Frequently Asked Questionsgenerated

What does it mean to be like a desert owl?

Being like a desert owl signifies feelings of loneliness and abandonment, as the owl is often associated with desolate places.

Why does the psalmist use the imagery of an owl?

The owl represents solitude and desolation, mirroring the psalmist's emotional state and his sense of isolation.

How does this verse connect with the surrounding verses?

This verse is part of a larger lament where the psalmist expresses deep sorrow and feelings of being forsaken, enhancing the emotional weight of his words.

What can we learn from the psalmist's expression of loneliness?

The psalmist's expression reminds us of the human experience of loneliness and the importance of seeking solace in times of despair.


Reflection Questionsgenerated

  1. In what ways have I felt like the psalmist, experiencing loneliness or desolation?
  2. How can I find comfort during times of emotional distress, similar to the psalmist's lament?
  3. What role does imagery play in expressing feelings of sorrow in poetry and scripture?
  4. How can I support others who may be feeling isolated or abandoned, as reflected in this verse?

The early church on this verse — how the Fathers read it

Early Christian writers, like Augustine of Hippo, reference this verse to illustrate themes of loneliness and desolation in their theological discussions.

Augustine of HippoExposition on Psalms 102 354–430
"I have become like a pelican in the wilderness, and like an owl among ruined walls" [Psalms 102:6].
Early Church Fathers on Psalms 102 →

Commentators on this verse — 8 expositors, verse by verse

Each of these wrote on Psalms 102:6 itself, not merely on the chapter around it.

John Gill1697–1771Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible

I am like a pelican of the wilderness,.... It may be so called, to distinguish it from another of the same name that lives upon the waters; which has the name of "pelican" in the Greek tongue, as is

Read John Gill on Psalms 102 →
Robert Jamieson1802–1880Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary

I am like a pelican of the wilderness: I am like an owl of the desert. I am like a pelican of the wilderness - (Isaiah 34:11, margin) Expressive of his misery.

Read Robert Jamieson on Psalms 102 →
Matthew Poole1624–1679Matthew Poole's Commentary on the Holy Bible

Pelican; or, bittern, as the same word is translated, . It is a solitary and mournful bird, as also the owl here following is.

Read Matthew Poole on Psalms 102 →
John Trapp1601–1669Trapp's Complete Commentary on the Old and New Testaments

Psalms 102:6 I am like a pelican of the wilderness: I am like an owl of the desert.Ver. 6. I am like a pelican] Or bittern, which liveth in lonely places, and crieth out dolefully, Isaiah 34:11 Zephaniah 2:14. I am like an owl in the desert] Avis lucifuga, a night bird, a night raven, the Vulgate hath it; others, a bat, a cuckoo, but mostly an owl, that noctis monstrum, as Pliny, lib. 10, cap. 12, speaketh of her, nec cantu aliquo vocales sed gemitu, hated of all other fowls, which never come near her, but to keep a wondering at her.

Read John Trapp on Psalms 102 →
Charles John Ellicott1819–1905Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers

(6) Pelican.—See Leviticus 11:18. “It has been objected that the pelican is a water-bird, and cannot, therefore, be the kâath of the Scriptures—“the pelican of the wilderness”—as it must of necessity starve in the desert; but a midbar (wilderness) is often used to denote a wide open space, cultivated or uncultivated, and is not to be restricted to barren spots destitute of water; moreover, as a matter of fact, the pelican after filling its capacious pouch with fish, molluscs, &c, often does. retire to places far inland, where it consumes what it has captured. Thus, too, it breeds on the great sandy wastes near the mouths of the Danube. The expression ‘pelican in the wilderness,’ in the…

Read Charles John Ellicott on Psalms 102 →
AdamClarkeAdam Clarke's Commentary on the Bible

Verse 6. I am like a pelican of the wilderness] It may be the pelican or the bittern. The original, קאת kaath, is mentioned Leviticus 11:18, and is there described. See the note. See Clarke on Leviticus 11:18. Owl of the desert.] כוש cos, some species of owl; probably the night raven. See the notes referred to above.

Read AdamClarke on Psalms 102 →
CambridgeThe Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges

6. He compares himself to solitude-loving birds which haunt desolate places and ruins, uttering weird and mournful cries. Cp. Isaiah 34:11; Zephaniah 2:14 (A.V. cormorant). Render the second line, I am become as an owl in desolate places. The owl is called by the Arabs “mother of ruins,” and “in the tombs or on the ruins, among the desolate heaps which mark the sites of ancient Judah, on the sandy mounds of Beersheba, or on the spray-beaten fragments of Tyre, his low wailing note is sure to be heard at sunset.” Tristram’s Nat. Hist. of the Bible, p. 194.

Read Cambridge on Psalms 102 →
Albert Barnes1798–1870Barnes' Notes on the Bible

I am like a pelican of the wilderness - A bird in the midst of desolation becomes a striking image of loneliness and distress.

Read Albert Barnes on Psalms 102 →

The verse in English, compared — 17 translations, and where they part company

Every translation on this page is a decision someone had to make and commit to. Read down a column and you see one translator's judgement; read across a row and you see the range the Greek actually allows. The BSB is the wording the rest of this page is measured against, so it is listed first.

Modern formal

BSBBerean Standard Bible2020

I am like a desert owl, like an owl among the ruins.

WEBWorld English Bible2000

I am like a pelican of the wilderness. I have become as an owl of the waste places.

MSBMajority Standard Bible2022

I am like a desert owl, like an owl among the ruins.

NETBNew English Translation2006

I am like an owl in the wilderness; I am like a screech owl among the ruins.

Tyndale line

KJVKing James Version1611

I am like a pelican of the wilderness: I am like an owl of the desert.

ASVAmerican Standard Version1901

I am like a pelican of the wilderness; I am become as an owl of the waste places.

RVARevised Version, American1894

I am like a pelican of the wilderness; I am become as an owl of the waste places.

NWBWebster's Bible1833

I am like a pelican of the wilderness: I am like an owl of the desert.

GNVGeneva Bible1599

I am like a pelicane of the wildernesse: I am like an owle of the deserts.

Strictly literal

DBYDarby Translation1890

I am become like the pelican of the wilderness, I am as an owl in desolate places;

YLTYoung's Literal Translation1862

I have been like to a pelican of the wilderness, I have been as an owl of the dry places.

LSVLiteral Standard Version2020

I have been like to a pelican of the wilderness, || I have been as an owl of the dry places.

ILTInterlinear Literal Translation2000

(102:7) I am like the pelican of the wilderness: I am become like the owl amid ruins.

ULBUnlocked Literal Bible2017

I am like a pelican of the wilderness; I have become like an owl in the ruins.

From the Latin

DRADouay-Rheims (Challoner)1899

The Lord doth mercies, and judgment for all that suffer wrong.

Simplified

FBVFree Bible Version2020

I'm like a desert owl, like a little owl among the ruins.

BBEBible in Basic English1949

I am like a bird living by itself in the waste places; like the night-bird in a waste of sand.

Counted from the translations carried on this site, not from a survey of every English Bible. A rendering shared by many versions is usually inherited rather than independently arrived at — the Tyndale line in particular runs through most of them.


The sentence as the grammar sees it — from the MACULA Hebrew treebank

This is not our own analysis: it is the scholarly syntax tree for the verse, showing how the clause actually holds together.

clauseverbדָּ֭מִיתִיI.am.likeprepositional phrase · prepositionalלִ(to).anoun phraseקְאַ֣תdesert.owlמִדְבָּ֑רof.[the].wildernessclauseverbהָ֝יִ֗יתִיI.amprepositional phrase · prepositionalכְּlikenoun phraseכ֣וֹסan.owlחֳרָבֽוֹתof.[the].waste.places

Boxes are the grammarian's groupings — clause, noun phrase, prepositional phrase.


The four witnesses to this verse — Masoretic, Septuagint, Samaritan, Qumran

The Masoretic Text and the Septuagint agree on the wording of this verse, with all six words matched in the Hebrew and Greek. This consistency indicates a shared understanding of the psalmist's expression of loneliness.

Masoretic TextLeningrad Codex, c. AD 1008 — the text this page is built on

דָּ֭מִיתִי לִקְאַ֣ת מִדְבָּ֑ר הָ֝יִ֗יתִי כְּכ֣וֹס חֳרָבֽוֹת׃

Septuagintthe Greek the translators chose, word by word
דָּ֭מִיתִיἀπὸלִקְאַ֣תστεναγμοῦמִדְבָּ֑רμουהָ֝יִ֗יתִיἐκολλήθηכְּכ֣וֹסμουחֳרָבֽוֹת׃τῇ

6 of the 6 words are matched. This is the word-by-word correspondence, not the Septuagint's own sentence — its word order and its articles are its own.

Four traditions, not one. “On the leather” means the letters physically survive on the scroll, as against letters an editor has supplied to fill a hole in it — a restoration is a scholar’s reading, not a reading of the manuscript. Words in [square brackets] are supplied; the notes count them apart from what survives.


The map of this verse — what each word keeps company with

This is a map of two things, both counted rather than judged. Company kept: which words stand within three words of each of these, anywhere in the Hebrew Bible — the thicker the line, the more often the pair meet compared with chance. Built from: the words a word is made out of, taken from its own Strong’s entry. It is not a map of meaning: nothing here claims two words mean the same thing. Click any circle to see the numbers behind it.

Psalms 102:6דָּמָהI am likeI am likeדָּמָהקָאַתa desert owa desert owl ofקָאַתמִדְבָּר[the] wilde[the] wildernesמִדְבָּרהָיָהI amI amהָיָהכּוֹסlike an owllike an owl ofכּוֹסחָרְבָּה[the] waste[the] waste plaחָרְבָּהקִיאto vomitto vomitקִיאדָבַרto speak: to speak: speakדָבַרהָוָאto fallto fallהָוָאכִּיסpursepurseכִּיסחֹ֫רֶבdroughtdroughtחֹ֫רֶבשָׁוָהbe likebe likeשָׁוָהצְבִיbeautybeautyצְבִירָחָםcarrioncarrionרָחָםקִפֹּדporcupineporcupineקִפֹּדצִןZinZinצִןסִינַיSinaiSinaiסִינַיקֻבַ֫עַתdregdregקֻבַ֫עַתשָׁתָהto drinkto drinkשָׁתָהשַׁמָּהhorror: dehorror: destroyשַׁמָּהשְׁמָמָהDesolateDesolateשְׁמָמָה
meets it a little oftener than chancemeets it far oftener than chancebuilt from the same roottwo words of the verse share ita word of this versea related word

Lexicons — every word in Psalms 102:6

One dossier per word, with every reference work grouped by kind — Hebrew lexicons, morphology, Bible dictionaries, topical chains and the English of the translators themselves. The verse sits at the head of each block with the word under study lit, so you never lose your place. The panel above gives the short answer; this is the long one, and it is the part of the page worth indexing.

Every entry below is the lexicographer's own text. On the Hebrew: Brown-Driver-Briggs entire and its gloss set, Strong's Hebrew Dictionary, and Tyndale House's Translators Brief lexicon. Where a cell says a work has no entry, that work genuinely has none for this word.

I am like a desert owl of [the] wilderness I am like an owl of [the] waste places
דָּ֭מִיתִיDa.mi.ti I am like H1819 Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singular
30× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
To resemble means to compare or liken something, often used to describe a similarity. In the Bible, this word is used to make comparisons or analogies, like in the parables of Jesus where he compares the kingdom of God to everyday things.
Tyndale gloss
to resemble
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

דָּמָה (damah) is a primitive root meaning to be like or resemble. It encompasses the ideas of comparing, imagining, and devising, with various forms indicating different nuances such as making oneself like or considering something to be similar. The entries consistently highlight its use in contexts of likeness and comparison.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

דָּמָה vb. be like, resemble

Qal be like, resemble

Pi. liken, compare; imagine, think, devise

liken, i.e. consider to be like, compare

imagine, form an idea, devise

Hithp. make oneself or become like

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1819 דָּמָה be like, resemble .be like, resemble

. liken, compare; imagine, think, devise . liken, i.e. consider to be like, compare

. imagine, form an idea, devise

. make oneself or become like

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1819 damah daw-maw'

a primitive root; to compare; by implication, to resemble,

liken, consider:--compare, devise, (be) like(-n), mean, think,

use similitudes.

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

דָּמָה (da.mah) — to resemble.

1) to be like, resemble

1a) (Qal) to be like, resemble

1b) (Piel)

1b1) to liken, compare

1b2) to imagine, think

1c) (Hithpael) to make oneself like

1d) (Niphal)

Aramaic equivalent: de.mah (דְּמָה "be like" H1821)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqp1cs — Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singular
HVqp1cs
I am like a desert owl of [the] wilderness I am like an owl of [the] waste places
לִקְאַ֣תlik.'At a desert owl of H6893 Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct
5× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The pelican is a bird mentioned in the Bible, specifically in Leviticus 11:17 and Deuteronomy 14:17. It was considered unclean and is possibly related to the cormorant. Its exact meaning is still unknown.
Tyndale gloss
pelican
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

קָאַת (qa'ath) refers to a bird, commonly identified as a pelican, though some sources suggest it may also refer to a cormorant or an extinct bird. The term is considered ceremonially unclean, with its precise meaning remaining uncertain.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

קָאַת, קָאָת n.[f.] a bird, usu. pelican

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H6893 קָאַת, קָאָת a bird, usu. pelican

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

6893 qa'ath kaw-ath'

from 6958; probably the pelican (from vomiting):--cormorant.

see HEBREW for 06958

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

קָאַת (qa.at) — pelican.

1) a ceremonially unclean bird

1a) perhaps pelican or cormorant

1b) perhaps an extinct bird, exact meaning unknown

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncfsc — Preposition · noun common feminine singular construct
HR/Ncfsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

The company it keepswords that stand beside it more often than chance
I am like a desert owl of [the] wilderness I am like an owl of [the] waste places
מִדְבָּ֑רmid.Bar [the] wilderness H4057 Noun common · masculine singular absolute
271× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The wilderness refers to a desert or open field, like the one the Israelites wandered in after leaving Egypt. It can also mean a place of solitude or a region without many people. In the Bible, it is often associated with the journey to the Promised Land.
Tyndale gloss
mouth
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

מִדְבָּר (midbar) primarily means 'mouth' in the sense of an organ of speech, but it also refers to 'wilderness' or 'desert.' The word is derived from a root meaning to drive, suggesting open fields for pasturing cattle. It encompasses various forms of uninhabited land and is notably used in contexts related to the wilderness, such as the Wilderness of Sinai.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

[מִדְבָּר] n.m. mouth, as organ of speech, Ct 4:3

ref

מִדְבָר 270 n.m. wilderness

tracts of land, used for the pasturage of flocks and herds

uninhabited land

large tracts of such land bearing various names, in certain districts of which there might be towns and cities

fig.

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H4057a מִדְבָּר mouth, as organ of speech H4057b מִדְבָר wilderness

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

4057 midbar mid-bawr'

from 1696 in the sense of driving; a pasture (i.e. open

field, whither cattle are driven); by implication, a desert;

also speech (including its organs):--desert, south, speech,

wilderness.

see HEBREW for 01696

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

מִדְבָּר (mid.bar) — mouth.

1) mouth

1a) mouth (as organ of speech)

מִדְבָּר (mid.bar) — wilderness.

1) wilderness

1a) pasture

1b) uninhabited land, wilderness

1c) large tracts of wilderness (around cities)

1d) wilderness (fig.)

מִדְבָּר (mid.bar) — Wilderness (of Sinai).

This name means wilderness, uninhabited land

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcmsa — Noun common · masculine singular absolute
HNcmsa
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

wil'-der-nes.

See DESERT; JUDAEA, WILDERNESS OF; WANDERINGS OF ISRAEL.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Wilderness

(1.) Heb. midhbar, denoting not a barren desert but a district or region suitable for pasturing sheep and cattle (Ps. 65:12; Isa. 42:11; Jer. 23:10; Joel 1:19; 2:22); an uncultivated place. This word is used of the wilderness of Beersheba (Gen. 21:14), on the southern border of Palestine; the wilderness of the Red Sea (Ex. 13:18); of Shur (15:22), a portion of the Sinaitic peninsula; of Sin (17:1), Sinai (Lev. 7:38), Moab (Deut. 2:8), Judah (

American Tract Society Bible Dictionary

See DESERT.

Nave's Topical Bible

→ Wandering of the Israelites in, see ISRAEL

→ Typical of the sinner' s state De 32:10

→ Jesus' temptation in Mt 4:1; Mr 1:12,13; Lu 4:1

→ See DESERT

I am like a desert owl of [the] wilderness I am like an owl of [the] waste places
הָ֝יִ֗יתִיha.Yi.ti I am H1961 Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singular
3,562× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
The Hebrew word for to be means to exist or come into being. It is used to describe something that happens or comes to pass, like in Genesis where God creates the world.
Tyndale gloss
to be
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word הָיָה (hayah) is a primitive root meaning to exist or become, and it encompasses a range of meanings including to happen, occur, and come to pass. It is often used in narrative contexts, particularly in phrases like "and it came to pass." The word can also denote a state of being or existence, and it appears frequently in various forms throughout the Old Testament.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

הָיָה 3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be

Qal

Fall out, happen

occur, take place, come about, come to pass

esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass

וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

Come into being, become

abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

sq. prep.

become

sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

sq. pred. adj.

become like

sq. pred. לְ pers.

sq. לְ pred.

oft. c. לְ pred. לְ pers.

with עַל and לְ

sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming)

exist, be in existence

abide, remain, continue

with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie

as copula, joining subj. & pred.

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Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H1961 הָיָה fall out, come to pass, become, be .. . . Fall out, happen

. occur, take place, come about, come to pass

. esp. & very oft., come about, come to pass . . וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 t.)

. rarely also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה

. less oft. וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat. came to pass (repeatedly, etc.)

. Come into being, become . . abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come

. sq. prep.

. become . sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus.)

. sq. pred. adj.

. become like

. sq. pred. + לְ pers.

. sq. לְ pred.

. oft. c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.

. with עַל and לְ

. sts. c. לְ pers. only = became the property of, come into the possession of

. Be (often with subbordinate idea of becoming) . exist, be in existence

. abide, remain, continue

Read the full entry →
Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

1961 hayah haw-yaw

a primitive root (compare 1933); to exist, i.e. be or become,

come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or

auxiliary):--beacon, X altogether, be(-come), accomplished,

committed, like), break, cause, come (to pass), do, faint,

fall, + follow, happen, X have, last, pertain, quit

(one-)self, require, X use.

see HEBREW for 01933

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

הָיָה (ha.yah) — to be.

1) to be, become, come to pass, exist, happen, fall out

1a) (Qal)

1a1) ---

1a1a) to happen, fall out, occur, take place, come about, come to pass

1a1b) to come about, come to pass

1a2) to come into being, become

1a2a) to arise, appear, come

1a2b) to become

1a2b1) to become

1a2b2) to become like

1a2b3) to be instituted, be established

1a3) to be

1a3a) to exist, be in existence

1a3b) to abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time)

1a3c) to stand, lie, be in, be at, be situated (with word of locality)

1a3d) to accompany, be with

1b) (Niphal)

1b1) to occur, come to pass, be done, be brought about

1b2) to be done, be finished, be gone

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HVqp1cs — Verb · Qal · perfect first person common singular
HVqp1cs
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
Thompson Chain Reference topics

(Divine Name)

Ex 3:14; Joh 8:58; Re 1:18

I am like a desert owl of [the] wilderness I am like an owl of [the] waste places
כְּכ֣וֹסke.Khos like an owl of H3563 Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
34× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
In the Bible, this word can mean a cup or a type of owl, possibly due to the owl's unique eye shape. It's often used figuratively, like in Psalm 16:5, where God is the cup that fills our lives. The KJV translates it as 'cup' or 'owl'.
Tyndale gloss
cup
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

כּוֹס (kos) primarily means 'cup,' referring to a container, but it also denotes a type of owl, considered unclean. The word seems to derive from a root meaning to hold together. The entries indicate a figurative use of 'cup' as a lot or potion, but there is no significant disagreement among the lexicons.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

כּוֹס n.f. cup

base

כּוֹס n.[m.] a kind of owl

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H3563a כּוֹס cup H3563b כּוֹס n. [m.] a kind of owl

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

3563 kowc koce

from an unused root meaning to hold together; a cup (as a

container), often figuratively, a lot (as if a potion); also

some unclean bird, probably an owl (perhaps from the cup-like

cavity of its eye):--cup, (small) owl. Compare 3599.

see HEBREW for 03599

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

כּוֹס (kos) — cup.

cup

כּוֹס (kos) — owl.

a kind of owl (an unclean bird)

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HR/Ncmsc — Preposition · noun common masculine singular construct
HR/Ncmsc
Bible dictionarieson the English sense
International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ov:

(1) In Anglo-Saxon, had the meaning "from," "away from" (as the strengthened form "off" has still), and was not used for genitive or possessive relations, these being expressed by special case-forms. In the Norman period, however, "of" was taken to represent the French de (a use well developed by the time of Chaucer), and in the Elizabethan period both senses of "of" were in common use. But after about 1600 the later force of the word became predominant, and in the earlier sense (which is now practically obsolete) it was replaced by other prepositions. In consequence the King James Version (and in some cases the Revised Version (British and American)) contains many uses of "of" that are no longer familiar--most of them, to be sure, causing no difficulty, but there still being a few responsible for real obscurities.

English usagewhat the translators’ English meant
Webster's Dictionary (1828), Webster's Unabridged (1913), Webster's Dictionary (1806)

OF, preposition ov. [Gr.]

1. From or out of; proceeding from, as the cause, source, means, author or agent bestowing.

I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered to you. 1 Corinthians 11:1.

For it was of the Lord to harden their hearts. Joshua 11:1.

It is of the Lord's mercies that we are not consumed.

Lamentations 3:1.

The whole disposing thereof is of the Lord. Proverbs 16:1.

Go, inquire of the Lord for me. 2 Chronicles 34:2.

That holy thing that shall be born of thee. Luke 1:1.

Hence of is the sign of the genitive case, the case that denotes production; as the son of man, the son proceeding from man, produced from man. This is the primary sense, although we now say, produced by man. 'Part of these were slain; ' that is, a number separate, for part denotes a division; the sense then is, a number from or out of the whole were slain. So also, 'some of these were slain; ' that is…

I am like a desert owl of [the] wilderness I am like an owl of [the] waste places
חֳרָבֽוֹת׃cho.ra.Vot [the] waste places H2723 Noun common · feminine plural absolute
42× in the OT scale is logarithmic — the commonest word, אֵת, appears about 11,000×
In plain English
Meaning
This word refers to a place that has been laid waste or destroyed, often due to war or disaster. In the Bible, it is used to describe the consequences of sin and disobedience. The prophet Ezekiel used this word to describe a desolate city.
Tyndale gloss
desolation
Hebrew lexiconskeyed to Strong's numbers
Layman’s summary of all Lexicon entries.generated

The Hebrew word חָרְבָּה (chorbah) refers to waste, desolation, or ruin. It is derived from the root meaning drought and implies a place that has been laid waste or destroyed. The entries consistently emphasize its association with desolation and ruin.

Brown-Driver-Briggs Hebrew Lexicon (full)

חָרְבָּה n.f. waste, desolation, ruin

base

Brown-Driver-Briggs glosses

H2723 חָרְבָּה waste, desolation, ruin

Strong's Hebrew Dictionary

2723 chorbah khor-baw'

feminine of 2721; properly, drought, i.e. (by implication) a

desolation:--decayed place, desolate (place, -tion),

destruction, (laid) waste (place).

see HEBREW for 02721

Translators Brief Hebrew Lexicon

חׇרְבָּה (chor.bah) — desolation.

a place laid waste, ruin, waste, desolation

Morphologythe parsing behind the code
Berean parsing
HNcfpa — Noun common · feminine plural absolute
HNcfpa
Sources on this page. Lexicons and dictionaries imported from the CrossWire SWORD modules — Abbott-Smith, Strong's, Dodson, the Intermediate Liddell-Scott-Jones, Robinson and Packard, Webster and Cawdrey. Thayer’s Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Harper, 1889 — Grimm’s Wilke’s Clavis Novi Testamenti, translated, revised and enlarged by Joseph Henry Thayer) is public domain and is set here from the Internet Archive page scan greekenglishlex00grim; it is uncorrected OCR, marked as such on the entry itself, and the Strong’s numbers — which Thayer’s own edition does not carry — were matched by lemma against the other modules on this page. Trench’s Synonyms of the New Testament (Macmillan, 1880) and Moulton and Milligan’s Vocabulary of the Greek Testament (Hodder & Stoughton, 1930, which entered the United States public domain on 1 January 2026) are set from Internet Archive page scans synonymsofnewtes00treniala and vocabularyofgree00mouluoft, and are likewise uncorrected OCR matched to Strong’s numbers by lemma. Trench treats a group of words at once, so the same essay stands on the page of each word it compares. The Mounce Concise Greek-English Dictionary is © 1993 and is used here by permission for non-commercial use, www.teknia.com/greek-dictionary. The full Liddell-Scott-Jones and the Hebrew word data (TAHOT) come from STEPBible.org, CC BY 4.0. Brown-Driver-Briggs is the OpenScriptures digitisation, public domain. Syntax analysis is the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (biblicalhumanities.org); the concordance and morphology are built from the tagged Nestle 1904 text. Septuagint occurrences use the Open Scriptures Septuagint lemma index, derived from CCAT (University of Pennsylvania) and the Rahlfs 1935 dataset by Eliran Wong, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — used here on a non-commercial ministry site. Greek of Josephus and Barnabas from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA 4.0. Commentaries and the Ante-Nicene Fathers are public-domain texts hosted on this site. Everyday Greek from the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri, CC BY 3.0, with dates and provenance from the Heidelberger Gesamtverzeichnis. Philo and the Apostolic Fathers from Open Greek and Latin (First1KGreek), CC BY-SA 4.0. The apparatus and the fifth Greek column are the SBL Greek New Testament, © 2010 SBL and Logos Bible Software, CC BY 4.0. The Latin is the Clementine Vulgate (public domain); the Syriac New Testament is the ETCBC edition (MIT licence). The Hebrew behind the Greek is computed here from the Septuagint index and TAHOT, not taken from any aligned edition. The translation spread and the per-word edition marks come from the Translators Amalgamated Greek NT (STEPBible, CC BY 4.0); clause roles from the Nestle 1904 Lowfat treebank (CC BY-SA 4.0); place identifications and their confidence from OpenBible.info Bible Geocoding (CC BY 4.0), with map tiles © OpenStreetMap contributors. Gospel parallels are computed here from shared uncommon vocabulary, not taken from any printed harmony. Cross references are the Treasury of Scripture Knowledge and the subject headings are Nave’s Topical Bible, both public domain. Works under Creative Commons licences are used unchanged apart from markup removal.

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